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cleverhottubmiracle · 3 months ago

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Florence Pugh made headlines at the London photocall and premiere of her new superhero movie Thunderbolts* with two daring ensembles that showcased her signature sexy and edgy style. Known for pushing fashion boundaries and injecting an edgy touch into the typical red carpet fashion scene, Pugh never fails to capture attention with her bold and revealing outfits, demonstrating her fearlessness in making a statement on the red carpet. Florence Pugh sizzles in revealing black gowns by Francesco Murano and Elie Saab at the Thunderbolts* photocall and premiere in London (Credit: James Manning / PA Images / Nils Jorgensen / INSTARimages) Pugh is reprising her role as highly trained spy and extremely skilled assassin Yelena Belova in Thunderbolts*, the 36th film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Her character first appeared in Black Widow (2021) and later in the Disney+ series Hawkeye. Thunderbolts*, under the direction of Jake Schreier, follows an unlikely group of antiheroes compelled to unite and work together after falling into a dangerous trap set by Valentina Allegra de Fontaine. It’s scheduled to be released in the US on May 2. Florence Pugh reprises her role as Yelena Belova in Thunderbolts* (Credit: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures), Strutting the red carpet with confidence and grace, Pugh channeled her inner assassin in sleek black dresses. From her sheer Elie Saab gown to her barely there leather dress, Pugh had a presence that could not be ignored. Sizzling in Francesco Murano Leather Bralette, Midi Skirt, and Christian Louboutin Pumps Florence sizzled in a two-piece black leather ensemble from Francesco Murano’s Spring 2025 collection, making an impression at the Thunderbolts* photocall held at the Corinthia Hotel. Her captivating outfit exemplifies Murano’s innovative use of materials and knack for mixing art and fashion. It features a tiny black leather bralette that appears incredibly tight against her chest, accented with a subtle corsetry that cinches things up. The sturdy shoulder straps are the perfect finishing touch to keep things in place. Demi paired it with a matching leather pencil skirt that fit her like a second skin. The skirt features a high waist to enhance her figure, with boning details extending to her hips, adding even more structure and definition. Despite my reservations about the ensemble’s fit, I must admit her appearance is hard to resist. I love how the convex hem of the bralette and the concave waist of the skirt create a sensuous cutout around Florence’s stomach. The skirt also has a thigh-high slit on one side, adding to the allure of the ensemble. Florence Pugh showcases her midriff and figure in a black leather bralette and midi skirt with boning details from Francesco Murano at The Corinthia Hotel on April 24, 2025, in London, England (Credit: James Manning / PA Images / INSTARimages) Florence looks fierce in her leather outfit, accentuated by her slicked-back wet-look hairstyle. Her makeup is flawlessly executed, featuring eyeliner, mascara, and bold lipstick that complement her overall appearance. Pugh gave her stunning, sultry look just the right amount of sparkle, accessorizing with diamonds by Engelbert. These elegant and glittering diamonds added a glitzy touch to her appearance, elevating her style while showcasing her glamorous fashion sense. She wore the $12,400 Absolute Creoles hoop earrings, crafted in 18k white gold with 1.98 carats of rare white brilliant-cut diamonds, and the $24,600 Infinity Loop Earrings, which feature an innovative take on the infinity sign. These are crafted in 18k white gold and set with 4.40 carats of rare white brilliant-cut diamonds. On her manicured fingers are matching white gold and diamond rings, including the $3,900 Infinity Loop Ring, the $6,000 Cross Loop Ring, and the Legacy Knot Ring. I love how these carefully selected accessories complement her gown; their subtle sheen contrasts beautifully with the dark tone of her outfit. Florence Pugh adds sparkles to her all-black look with Engelbert jewelry, wearing chunky hoops and rings with diamonds (Credit: James Manning / PA Images / INSTARimages) A pair of Christian Louboutin “Iriza” d’Orsay pumps in classic black leather complemented Florence Pugh’s all-black, elegant ensemble. While I appreciate the sleek and sophisticated look of her pumps, I wish for something a bit more playful to provide contrast to her otherwise chic ensemble. Regardless, the pumps’ sharp, pointed silhouette, side cutout, and shiny leather material perfectly matched her sleek outfit, creating a cohesive aesthetic. Florence Pugh completes her sleek black look with black leather d’Orsay pumps by Christian Louboutin (Credit: James Manning / PA Images / INSTARimages) These pumps instantly boosted Florence’s 5ft 2 ¾ (159.4 cm) height with their elegant, tall heels. You can get them for $795 at Mytheresa. Other stylish celebrities who have also embraced Christian Louboutin’s iconic Iriza pumps include Anne Hathaway, who paired patent leather Iriza heels with a black Christopher Kane lace dress, Emmy Rossum, who styled pink Iriza pumps with a floral Oscar de la Renta dress, and Kylie Minogue, who added a bold twist to her look with animal print Iriza pumps. Gothic Chic in Elie Saab Lace Gown and Rene Caovilla Heels Florence Pugh’s look for the London premiere of Thunderbolts* was a masterpiece of romance infused with gothic elegance. She chose a gorgeous black lace dress from Elie Saab’s Fall 2024 Couture collection. The romantic gothic gown is gorgeous, blending the allure of seductive lingerie with the elegance of a red-carpet ball gown. This fusion reflects Pugh’s penchant for sexy and elegant looks. It’s cut from a see-through sheer fabric, creating the illusion of a sultry yet almost ethereal effect. The gown’s intricate details show the meticulous crafting of Elie Saab’s artistry. Floral embroidery cascades from the torso to the voluminous floor-sweeping skirt, while strategically arranged beaded 3D black flowers provide enough coverage to make the look sophisticated. The bodice also features horizontal striped panels, showing Florence’s stomach. It’s perfectly fitted, with a plunging sweetheart neckline and spaghetti straps that enhance the dress’s sensuality. I like how the bodice embraces her curves in all the right places before cascading to a sheer skirt that flares out gracefully at the sides, creating a voluminous train that trails behind her. Florence Pugh embraces gothic chic in a black lace gown with beaded 3D black flowers by Elie Saab at the Thunderbolts* London premiere at Cineworld Leicester Square on April 22, 2025 (Credit: Nils Jorgensen / INSTARimages) Pugh’s punk-style brushed-up hair and neon orange eyeshadow contrasted with the romantic, high-fashion dress. Her theatrical makeup made a statement, and her wet-style hair added an edgy touch to her look. She further injected her edgy aesthetic into the look with gold and black diamond jewelry from Brazilian jeweler Ara Vartanian. She wore three Inverted Black Diamond Earrings, an 18k Gold two-finger ring with Black Diamonds, an Inverted Black Diamond Bracelet, and a White Gold and Rose Gold Bracelet with Garnet, Brown Diamond, and Black Diamonds. These elements, together with the dress, combined to produce an ensemble that was equal parts edgy and romantic, perfectly capturing Pugh’s unique sense of style. Florence Pugh adds punk elements to her romantic lace gown with Ara Vartanian gold and black diamonds, a brushed back hairstyle, and a neon orange eyeshadow (Credit: Cover Images) Florence’s heels almost blended in with the intricate details of her gown, but they stood out just enough to make a statement. She wore the Rene Caovilla “Juniper” sandals, the reimagined version of the label’s iconic Cleo style. They feature Rene Caovilla’s signature coiled snake ankle-wrap straps, this time in shiny, ridged leather with a statement crystal on the snake head, adding a touch of glitz to the shoe. They also feature a slender strap across the toes and feet, along with a 4-inch stiletto heel, which enhances their elegance. Her shoes are available for $1,520 at Neiman Marcus. Florence Pugh highlights her mint green pedicure in René Caovilla’s Juniper snake sandals, crafted from ridged leather with coiled ankle-wrap straps (Credit: Nils Jorgensen / INSTARimages) Other stylish celebrities who have rocked snake-inspired sandals on glamorous red carpets include Gal Gadot in a waterfall-blue Elie Saab gown with René Caovilla ‘Snake’ sandals, Bella Hadid in a red Christian Dior gown with custom silver snake gladiator sandals, and Keke Palmer in a cream Cong Tri mini dress with rhinestone-embellished ‘Cleo’ sandals. Stepping Out in Style: Florence Pugh’s Iconic Fashion Moments Florence Pugh continues to captivate with her bold and eclectic fashion choices. From red carpet glamour to edgy street style, here are some of her most memorable looks: Florence Pugh Dazzles in Rodarte Lace Dress and Aquazzura Heels Event: “We Live in Time” London Screening Outfit: Florence embraced gothic romance in a black silk charmeuse and lace bias dress from Rodarte’s Spring/Summer 2025 collection. Footwear: She completed the look with crystal-embellished Aquazzura “Slow Kisses” platform sandals. Read more: Florence Pugh’s Edgy Glam Moment: Lace, Puff Sleeves and Crystals Florence Pugh Shines in Custom Valentino Gown at Dune: Part Two Premiere Event: “Dune: Part Two” London Premiere Outfit: She wore a custom-made Valentino gown adorned with shimmering russet-brown sequins, featuring a daringly low back and molten train. Footwear: The ensemble was paired with Aquazzura Olie leather platform sandals, hidden beneath the hem. See more: Florence Pugh’s Stunning Wardrobe Choices for Dune: Part Two Florence Pugh Embraces Futuristic Elegance in Harris Reed Corset Gown Event: BAFTA Awards Outfit: Florence stunned in a custom Harris Reed gown featuring a shimmering silver metallic corset and avant-garde high-cut sides. Details: The dress was crafted from sustainable deadstock material, showcasing her commitment to eco-friendly fashion. Discover more: Florence Pugh Makes Stellar Style in Black Harris Reed Corset Florence Pugh Elevates Street Style with Mismatched Boots Florence Pugh Stuns in Fiery Orange Valentino Gown at Oppenheimer Premiere Event: “Oppenheimer” Premiere Outfit: She wore a bold Valentino Spring 2023 Couture gown with a halter-style ruched bodice, open back, and cutouts around the waist. Footwear: While her heels were hidden beneath the puffy floor-sweeping skirt, they likely added to her 5’3” stature. Explore her style: Florence Pugh Stuns in Fiery Orange Valentino Gown at Oppenheimer Premiere These fashion moments highlight Florence Pugh’s versatility and fearless approach to style, solidifying her status as a modern fashion icon. Source link

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norajworld · 3 months ago

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chilimili212 · 3 months ago

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vexun1 · 6 years ago

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Humans are space orcs: Demi-Humans

So I've been reading a whole bunch of Humans are space orcs / Australians and the like. And I thought it's my turn to take a shot at it. There's one thing that people here didn't mention even once. (To my knowledge.)

As some of you may know, Japan has currently approved human-animal hybrid experiments. So it's possible that in the far future, human-animal hybrids or Demi-Humans would become a norm. Imagine how aliens would react to this. Take a bunny human for example:

My crew and I waited patiently for our new member to arrive. We were all excited. Some had even prepared a list of questions they wanted to ask them. Having a new member was, ofcourse, a joyous event. But this wasn't just any new crew member. It was a human.

The other humans from the public relations office had told me that the human we were getting in particular was 'special' and 'rare', and that we were very lucky to have someone like them. I did not quite understand why at first... But I soon came to realize why.

As we all waited inside the main deck of my ship, the door slid open. We all looked to see the human. An apex predator species from a class 6 deathworld was on our ship. The human was female and seemed to be the average height for one... But there were some distinct features that I immediately picked up on. Her skin, unlike other humans' was close to a pale white.. almost as if she was dead. The colour of her eyes was a bright pink that almost seemed luminescent, surrounded by a dark pink that then went to a normal white like all humans. I had read a human guidebook, but I did not recall humans having such detailed eyes. Especially ones that were pink in colour... Especially ones that had vertical lines for pupils. Her hair was white with a slight tint of pink. Again, I did not recall reading about this in the human guidebook. But the one detail that stood out the most from the human in front of us... were the two white antennas on top of her head. The antennas were wide and looked like they had fur on them. They seemed to be concave and hollowed out towards their base. The backside appeared to have thicker white fur, with a tint of pink, while the inside had thinner, pink coloured fur.

I set the oddities aside and approach the human. The rest of the crew follow behind me. “hmm.. is this Captain Xorlax’s ship?” The human quietly asks. Her tone of superiority sent a chill through my body I had never felt. I set that aside and stand firm. “Yes, I am Captain Xorlax of the ship Vonhuan. It is a pleasure to meet you.” I greet her and hold my hand out to her. Shaking hands was a welcoming gesture used by humans. She takes my hand and shakes gently. Her slender fingers were much longer than that of a normal human, I noticed. “My names Lirin, I’m glad to be working with you all from today onwards.”

She made an expression described by the handbook called a ‘smile’, which was the human’s way of being polite to one another. As she shook my hand, her predator eyes locked onto mine. There was an eerie dead presence within her eyes. The pink eyes with the vertical pupils gave off no form of emotion, and the stare from her eyes made my whole body freeze.. in fear. It sent a wave of fear through my whole body. It was then that I received a horrifying reminder... we were making friends with monsters.

I decide to not ask her about her appearance. Humans, especially the females, can be very easily offended when it comes to their appearance. I show the human to her quarters and leave her to set herself up. Some time passes, and we leave the space port. The human comes out of her quarters in clothing that exposed most of her pale white body. She mostly kept to herself, but she was trying to packbond with the crew like any normal human.

As time passed, the crew became comfortable with her and began asking her questions about humans like they initially intended to. Though they avoided the topic of her appearance all together. No one wanted an angry apex predator on their ship. I observed that the two antennas on her head were attached to her body, and were not a form of accessory. When called, the antennas would turn to the direction of the sound before the rest of her body did.

We arrived at a space port on a human colonial planet. The crew got off and we made our way to the main lounge of the port office. We waited for our engineer to order some parts that he needed to maintain the ship’s engines. Lirin sat down on a chair in the lounge and was minding her own business with her handheld. Since the office didn’t have chairs for none humans, we stood near her and waited. The other humans in their own seats were glancing at her, and it was obvious that they were even talking about her. She was definitely out of place even among humans.

So I assumed. A human male approached Lirin with a large sum of human currency in his hand. “E-excuse m-me.” The man called out to Lirin. He was making an expression described in the guidebook as nervous. “C-could you P-pyon..... for... me?” Pyon? What was pyon? I did not recall an action called ‘pyon’ in the guidebook. Lirin stood up and looked at the man. She smiled and clasped his hands. “Thank you for the money.. Pyon!” Lirin finished her sentence with the same phrase the man had asked her to say. She tightened her vocal chords and made a high pitched sound.

Whatever this was... it was of great significance. A human who was drinking a fluid sprayed out the contents in his mouth. Another human who was consuming a solid somehow got it stuck in his body, he was making shrill sounds of pain as he tried to remove it from his system. The man who had asked Lirin for the favour was leaking a red fluid from both of the two holes in the appendage on his face. I later came to know that the fluid was human blood and leaking it from their face was called a nosebleed.

Every human in the lounge was quiet and had their eyes trained on Lirin. More males approached her with sums of currency. “H-hey.. can I... touch... your ear?” One of the other males who approached her asked. Less ask and more like a plead. Lirin’s antennas bent down and faced the man. He hesitantly touched the antenna, and then began gently rubbing it. They were clearly finding some sort of pleasure from this.

My crew and I stood aside and watched as countless men came to Lirin with currency and even valuable items, in exchange to touch her antennas or here her make the sound. When we finally left, Lirin had a bag full of items and an astonishingly large sum of human currency. She seemed pleased to say the least.

"Lirin, what just happened?" I asked her warily. I needed answers, her appearance, the way everyone acted towards her.... was so unusual. "I mean... You saw didn't You? What's there to explain?" Lirin looked perplexed, almost as if she expected me to know.

I could not hold it anymore, I had to ask, offensive or not, I needed to know. "NO I DO NOT! I understand what I saw, they seemed to enjoy your presence and 'service', but WHY!? WHY!? Why do they enjoy it? Why do you have those antennas!? Why do you look different compared to everyone else!?" I blurted out all the questions that my crew and I had. I disregarded any form of formality and respect. If I offended her, it was her problem.

Lirin began making a rapid succession of sounds. I recalled to the guidebook, it was called laughter, or in Lirin's case, giggling, it was a sound humans made when they found something funny or enjoyable. Her laughter froze and she looked into my eyes, her vertical pupils grew thinner and seemed to grow longer, as if she focused her gaze on me, sending a cold chill of fear through mine and my crew's body. While I was able to hold myself back from making any sounds, some of my crew members could not. We all felt the same fear of a predator looking into us, as if she was ready to devour us. I regretted asking her.

Or so I thought. Lirin sighed. "Well... to put simply, I'm a subclass of the Demi-Human called bunny human. Since I'm a female, I'm a bunny girl." "Demi what?" I was not following a single bit of what she said. "I'm a human, like everyone else, but I'm a different kind of human. I'm a human-animal hybrid. It's not like I'm half human, half animal, most of my body us human, except for a few details, hence 'Demi'-Human. There are different kinds of Demi-Humans, I'm a bunny girl cause I have features of a bunny." "So you're not a different race?" I asked her, still unsure. "Yeah, I'm a human, it's just that my ears are huge and on top of my head, and my eyes and skin are slightly different."

Lirin, pulled on her antennas, which apparently were her ears, and showed them to me. "You probably didn't read about it in the guidebook cause we're pretty rare, there aren't many of us around, let alone once that venture into space. That's also why it's a big deal to most people." My crew and I had calmed down, almost as if a huge weight lifted off of us. We now understood.

"Also, stop getting scared whenever I make eye contact, I'm not gonna tear you all apart and feed you all to my fourteen children or anything." "W-WHAT! WHAT DO YOU MEAN!? YOU HAVE CHILDREN!? AND FOURTEEN OF THEM!?" "Hey! Hey! Calm down, I'm just joking." We all went back to the ship and went back into space, feeling just a little closer to Lirin.

I hope reading this was worthwhile. I'm not that good at writing stories, but I hope you get what I mean. Aliens would be really surprised to hear about different kinds of Humans. Feel free to add in your own Demi-Human type and make a story out of it!

#humans are space orcs #humans are space australians #humans in space #demi human #bunny girl

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lagabriellebaya · 5 years ago

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Wikipedia source France

Santeria / Yoruba

Santería (Lukumi, Regla Lucumi or regla of Ocha) is a religion native of Caribbean derived of the yoruba religion (forbidden the slaves) and practised in Cuba, in Colombia and in Venezuela.

History

Certain narratives say; the slaves deceived the Church by letting believe that they worshipped the holy Catholics, while, behind every saint, they worshipped equivalent Orisha. But Sixto Gastón Agüero ( 1959 ), quoted by Kali Argyriadis, in his book " The Religion in Havana ", it is the inverse movement which occurred: it is the Church which imposed on the slaves the saints as equivalents in Orishas. He quotes the papal synod of September 16th, 1687, when the Church ordered to the priests to fit the African religious beliefs to the catholic practices. He also quotes Bando de Buen Gobierno y Policía who, in 1792, obliges African Cabildos which dedicate themselves to the cult of their divinities " to adore from now on a holy equivalent Catholic ". Contrary to a preconceived idea the priests were very reluctant to evangelize the slaves because it was not profitable. Indeed, it supposed to build a church, to grant the Sunday's rest and to assure the possibility of eating thin, what pulled costs considered prohibitive. The Spaniards thus named this practice Santería, with a pejorative side, but his followers prefer the term Lukumi (or Regla de Ocha). The polytheistic religions do not proceed by exclusions from the other religions but appropriate the wisdom, the divine representations, the words, of another faith and mix them with theirs to enrich him and develop her. So in Cuba, when santeros frequents churches and carry out acts of worship as all the Christians, instead of asking the only holy Catholic They adore at the same time their divinity, so hoping to win the protection both.

Faiths

The religion Yoruba is dominated by a supreme God Olodumare (either Olafin or Olorun or Olorian), source of the ashé - the spiritual energy of the Universe - which sent on Earth of the envoys, the human demigods, called Orishás who are the personification of the Nature. Orishás, besides, stays up so that every mortal carries out the fate which was intended for him in his birth. Those who do not carry out him follow the cycle of the successive reincarnations. This faith is similar to that of the Hinduism and the Buddhism.

"Bembe" is one of possible ceremonies for célèbrer Orishas native of people named Iyesa in Cuba.

A real follower of the Regla of Ocha is a person who was introduced in the religion. The priest ( Babalawos) determined the orisha which governs its life and Obba (another priest who presides over the initiations) "installed"("settled") this osha in the head ( ori ) of the person during a ceremony called Kariocha (Asiento, Coronacion).

At the end of this ceremony the person becomes an iyawo ( novice) and has to dress in white and obey strict rules during the time prescribed by the babalawo. At the end of this period, it carries out a ceremony of confirmation called Ebbo and becomes Omo-Orisha (son, sons,thread) of orisha). For example, it becomes Omo Obatala if its orisha is Obatala. It is then a confirmed santero.

Once introduced, the follower can progress in his religion. With the ceremony of Pinaldo (receive the knife) he can kill animals to make sacrifices. He can also become Italero and be authorized to read the future in cowries ( Ita). Possibly, he can become Babalorisha " father of orisha ", or Iyalorisha, or iyalocha, " mother of orisha ", which will have sponsored new followers and will have introduced them in the religion.

Babalawos is priests who also received Orula (or Orunmila) who is a divinity of the divination. It is soothsayers who read the future by means of coconut or of orange peels following the requested orisha. He is made use of a chain of 8 half walnut which according to the way they fall again ( convex or concave side) determine called oddus signs.

There is oddus 256; in each correspond a particular orisha, songs, prayers of prohibitions and councils. The ceremony of the " hand of Orula " (mano of Orula) or " ikofa " allows to determine the oddu which is going to govern the life of an individual and so the guardian orisha of the person to which she can later be introduced.

Obbas or Oriaté are priests who dedicate themselves more particularly to the initiation of new regular customers and are moreover the only ones authorized to make the ceremony of Kariocha. They read the future in marine shells (cowries) during the ceremony of Ita.

Osainistas is priests dedicated to Osain orisha of herbs, forest, medicine and fishes. Ilu Bata is the given to the one who keeps sacred drums, famous batas.

Omo A has is the name to give player of drum bata inité specially for ceremonies.

Main Orishas

There is an unknown number in Africa, 24 in Cuba (the spelling can vary):

Obatalá (king in the white loincloth), sent by Olodumare to create the Earth and offer the spirit and the rves to the Man. He personifies the peace, the wisdom, the dreams, the creativity (saint: Notre-Dame of the Graces Favors, the color: white)

Yemayá (Iemanja in Brazil and Yemoja in European transcription of the yorouba) is the orisha of the oceans and the maternity(maternity hospital), the creation of the life (saint: Virgin(Virgo) of Regla, color: blue (amounts to Iemanja for the candomblé)

Elegguá (or Elegba or Eshu) is the orisha of the fate, he is the messenger between Olofi and the other orishas (saint Antoine. He is the one who opens doors transmits the prayers in the other orishas. Colors: red and black);

Oggún has for attribute the iron, because warlike god and smith, he polishes up weapons. He thus patronizes the technology engénéral. It is the big hunter which conna t the magic herbs due to his friendship with Osain. He always goes hunting with his dog, what makes of the dog the animal sacrificed for its cult in Africa, but more in Cuba (Saint Peter, Saint-Paul or saint Jean-Baptiste among others, following places, colors: purple, green and black. Voodoo equivalent: Ogoun)

Ochosi: personify the hunting and the trajectory of the individual (saint Norbert, colors: green and black)

Chango or Chang ó (or Shango, or Xango), former king of Oyo: personify the dance, the drums, the male virility, the fire, the lightning, the thunder and the war, it is also the boss of fire brigades (saint Barbe or Santa-Barbara, colors: red and white)

Ochún, Oshún: goddess of the feminine sexuality, the femininity, her is a river in Nigeria, mistress of Chang ó and of Ogun who her quarrel, she is officially the wife of Orula (Virgin(Virgo) of the Caridad del Cobre, it is the boss of Cuba, colors: yellow and the gold which the yellow represents). Of the illegitimate union of Shang ó and Oshún was born Ibeyis, couple of child twin, revered in the form of two dolls, a boy and a girl, whoever sontinvoqués tede peace of mind and of sweetness.

Obbá: the justifiable woman of Chango personifies the home, the house and the marriage. It is the guard of graves, the boss of lakes and the symbol of the women who suffer to save their home. Colors: pink and amber.

Oyá or Yansá: personify the wind, the door of the cemetery (ex-woman of Chang ó, saint Thérèse, colors: brown and white)

Omol ú or Babal ú Ayé: God sentenced to the exile and to suffer from the leprosy, it is considered for protecting from the smallpox and from all the contagious diseases, and generally all the sick call upon him (saint Lazare, colors: brown and purple)

Odduá: God of the deaths and the spiritsOrunmila

Orula or: Orishá of the divination.

See also

Haitian voodoo Brazilian candomblé The Brazilian orixás

Divination Ifa

Wikipedia source France

Santeria / Yoruba

La Santería (Lukumi, Regla Lucumi ou regla de Ocha) est une religion originaire des Caraïbes dérivée de la religion yoruba (interdite aux esclaves) et pratiquée à Cuba, en Colombie et au Venezuela

Historique

Certains récits disent que les esclaves dupaient l'Église en laissant croire qu'ils vénéraient les saints catholiques, alors qu'en fait, derrière chaque saint, ils vénéraient un Orisha équivalent. Mais selon Sixto Gastón Agüero (1959), cité par Kali Argyriadis, dans son ouvrage « La Religion à La Havane », c'est le mouvement inverse qui s'est produit : c'est l'Église qui a imposé aux esclaves les saints comme des équivalents aux Orishas. Il cite le synode papal du 16 septembre 1687, où l'Église ordonna aux prêtres d'ajuster les croyances religieuses africaines aux pratiques catholiques. Il cite également le Bando de Buen Gobierno y Policía qui, en 1792, oblige les Cabildos africains qui se vouent au culte de leurs divinités à « adorer désormais un saint catholique équivalent ». Contrairement à une idée reçue, les prêtres étaient très réticents à évangéliser les esclaves car cela n'était pas rentable. En effet, cela supposait de construire une église, d'accorder le repos dominical et d'assurer la possibilité de manger maigre, ce qui entraînait des coûts jugés prohibitifs. Les Espagnols ont donc nommé cette pratique Santería, avec un côté péjoratif, mais ses pratiquants préfèrent le terme Lukumi (ou Regla de Ocha).

Les religions polythéistes ne procèdent pas par exclusions des autres religions mais s’approprient la sagesse, les représentations divines, les paroles, d’une autre croyance et les mêlent à la leur pour l’enrichir et la développer. Ainsi à Cuba, quand les santeros fréquentent les églises et accomplissent des actes de dévotion comme tous les chrétiens, au lieu de prier le seul saint catholique, ils adorent en même temps leur divinité, espérant ainsi se concilier la protection des deux.

Croyances

La religion Yoruba est dominée par un Dieu suprême Olodumare (ou Olafin ou Olorun ou Olorian), source de l'ashé - l'énergie spirituelle de l'Univers - qui a envoyé sur Terre des émissaires, demi-dieux humains, appelés Orishás qui sont la personnification de la Nature.

Les Orishás, en outre, veillent pour que chaque mortel accomplisse le destin qui lui a été destiné à sa naissance. Ceux qui ne l'accomplissent pas suivent le cycle des réincarnations successives. Cette croyance est semblable à celle de l'hindouisme et du bouddhisme.

Le « Bembe » est une des cérémonies possibles pour célèbrer les Orishas originaire d'un peuple nommé Iyesa à Cuba.

Un véritable adepte de la Regla de Ocha est une personne qui a été initiée dans la religion. Les prêtres (Babalawos) ont déterminé l'orisha qui gouverne sa vie et l'Obba (un autre prêtre qui préside aux initiations) a « installé » cet osha dans la tête (ori) de la personne au cours d'une cérémonie appelée Kariocha (Asiento, Coronacion). À l'issue de cette cérémonie la personne devient un iyawo (novice) et doit se vêtir de blanc et obéir à des règles strictes pendant le temps prescrit par le babalawo. À la fin de cette période, il accomplit une cérémonie (de confirmation) appelée Ebbo et devient un Omo-Orisha (fils d'orisha). Par exemple, il devient un Omo Obatala si son orisha est Obatala. Il est alors un santero confirmé.

Une fois initié, l'adepte peut progresser dans sa religion. Avec la cérémonie du Pinaldo (recevoir le couteau) il pourra tuer des animaux pour faire des sacrifices. Il peut aussi devenir un Italero et être habilité à lire l'avenir dans les cauris (Ita). Éventuellement, il pourra devenir un Babalorisha « père d'orisha », ou une Iyalorisha, ou iyalocha, « mère d'orisha », qui aura parrainé de nouveaux adeptes et les aura initiés dans la religion.

Les babalawos sont des prêtres qui ont reçu aussi Orula (ou Orunmila) qui est une divinité de la divination. Ce sont des devins qui lisent l'avenir au moyen de noix de coco ou d'écorces d'orange suivant l'orisha sollicité. Il est fait usage d'une chaîne de 8 demi noix qui selon leur manière de retomber (côté convexe ou concave) déterminent des signes appelés oddus. Il y a 256 oddus ; à chacun correspondent un orisha particulier, des chants, des prières des interdits et des conseils. La cérémonie de la « main d'Orula » (mano de Orula) ou « ikofa » permet de déterminer l'oddu qui va gouverner la vie d'un individu et ainsi l'orisha tutélaire de la personne à laquelle elle pourra plus tard se faire initier.

Les Obbas ou Oriaté sont des prêtres qui se consacrent plus particulièrement à l'initiation de nouveaux fidèles et sont d'ailleurs les seuls habilités à faire la cérémonie de Kariocha. Ils lisent l'avenir dans des coquillages marins (cauris) au cours de la cérémonie de l'Ita.

Les Osainistas sont des prêtres consacrés à Osain orisha des herbes, de la forêt, de la médecine et des poissons.

Ilu Bata est le donné à celui qui garde les tambours sacrés, les fameux batas.

Omo A a est le nom donnéau joueur de tambour bata inité spécialement pour les cérémonies.

Les principaux Orishas

Il y en a un nombre inconnu en Afrique, 24 à Cuba (l'orthographe peut varier) :

Obatalá (roi au pagne blanc), envoyé par Olodumare pour créer la Terre et offrir l'esprit et les rves à l'Homme. Il personnifie la paix, la sagesse, les songes, la créativité (Saint : Notre Dame des Grâces, couleur : blanc)

Yemayá (Iemanja au Brésil et Yemoja en transcription européenne du yorouba) est l'orisha des océans et de la maternité, la création de la vie (saint : Vierge de Regla, couleur : bleu) (équivaut à Iemanja pour le candomblé)

Elegguá (ou Elegba ou Eshu) est l'orisha du destin, il est le messager entre Olofi et les autres orishas (Saint Antoine. Il est celui qui ouvre les portes et transmet les prières aux autres orishas. Couleurs : rouge et noir) ;

Oggún a comme attribut le fer, car dieu guerrier et forgeron, il fourbit les armes. Il patronne donc la technologie engénéral. C'est un grand chasseur qui conna t les herbes magiques de par son amitié avec Osain. Il chasse toujours avec son chien, ce qui fait du chien l'animal sacrifié pour son culte en Afrique, mais plus à Cuba (saint Pierre, saint Paul ou saint Jean-Baptiste entre autres, suivant les endroits, couleurs : violet, vert et noir. Équivalent vaudou : Ogoun)

Ochosi : personnifie la chasse et la trajectoire de l'individu (saint Norbert, couleurs : vert et noir)

Chango ou Changó (ou Shango, ou Xango), ancien roi d'Oyo : personnifie la danse, les tambours, la virilité masculine, le feu, la foudre, le tonnerre et la guerre, c'est aussi le patron des pompiers (sainte Barbe ou Santa Barbara, couleurs : rouge et blanc)

Ochún, Oshún : déesse de la sexualité féminine, de la féminité, elle est une rivière au Nigeria, maîtresse de Changó et de Ogun qui se la disputent, elle est officiellement l'épouse d'Orula (Vierge de la Caridad del Cobre, c'est la patronne de Cuba, couleurs : jaune et l'or que le jaune représente).

De l'union illégitime de Shangó et Oshún sont nés les Ibeyis, couple d'enfant jumeaux, révérés sous forme de deux poupées, un garçon et une fille, qui sontinvoqués en qu tede paix intérieure et de douceur.

Obbá : la femme légitime de Chango personnifie le foyer, la maison et le mariage. C'est la gardienne des tombes, la patronne des lacs et le symbole des femmes qui souffrent pour sauver leur foyer. Couleurs : rose et ambre.

Oyá ou Yansá : personnifie le vent, la porte du cimetière (ex-femme de Changó, sainte Thérèse, couleurs : marron et blanc)

Omolú ou Babalú Ayé : Dieu condamné à l'exil et à souffrir de la lèpre, il est réputé protéger de la variole et de toutes les maladies transmissibles, et en général tous les malades l'invoquent (saint Lazare, couleurs : brun et violet)

Odduá : Dieu des morts et des esprits

Orula ou Orunmila : Orishá de la divination.

Voir aussi

Vaudou haïtien

Candomblé brésilien

Les orixás brésiliens

divination Ifa

Wikipedia source France

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