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whqw · 4 months ago

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How Forex Spread Works: Understanding Bid-Ask Differences

In the vast realm of the foreign exchange market, the term Forex Spread plays a critical role in every transaction. At its core, Forex Spread refers to the difference between the bid and ask prices of a currency pair. This difference may appear small at first glance, yet it is pivotal in determining trading costs and overall market liquidity. Over time, seasoned market participants have come to view the spread as both a challenge and an opportunity—a fine line where market efficiency meets risk management.

During a recent conversation with a seasoned market analyst, Jordan, he remarked, “The dynamics of the Forex Spread are not just numbers on a screen; they represent the heartbeat of the market.” His statement encapsulates the sentiment felt by many professionals who see each spread movement as a signal of underlying market forces. The significance of Forex Spread is multifaceted: it affects trading decisions, risk management strategies, and ultimately, profitability.

This article aims to provide a deep dive into the mechanics of Forex Spread by exploring its components, underlying influences, and the strategies employed by market professionals. We will engage in a dialogue that not only explains the theory behind bid-ask differences but also offers practical insights drawn from real-world market scenarios. Our discussion is designed to be engaging and interactive, weaving together expert insights with relatable personal narratives. As you progress, you will encounter direct exchanges between market professionals, data-rich tables, and actionable tips that bring the abstract concept of Forex Spread into sharper focus.

The following sections have been crafted with a focus on clarity, expertise, and trustworthiness—ensuring that the information is both authoritative and accessible. Whether you are a novice eager to learn the basics or a seasoned professional looking to refine your strategy, this article is designed to resonate with your experiences. We will also incorporate various structures—from bullet points and numbered lists to tables and highlighted tips—to enhance readability and provide a multi-faceted understanding of the subject matter.

Let us embark on this journey into the intricacies of the Forex Spread, where every pip tells a story and each market shift can signal a new opportunity. The information provided here is grounded in industry experience, bolstered by data science insights, and enriched with direct dialogue from market experts. Prepare to engage with content that is as informative as it is captivating.

Table of Contents

Understanding Forex Spread Fundamentals

Components of Forex Spread: Bid vs Ask

Forex Spread Influencers: Liquidity and Volatility

Economic Indicators and Their Impact on Forex Spread

Technological Advances and Forex Spread Dynamics

Real-world Application and Risk Management in Forex Spread

The Future of Forex Spread and Market Innovations

1. Understanding Forex Spread Fundamentals

The concept of Forex Spread lies at the very foundation of foreign exchange trading. At its simplest, the spread is the cost incurred by a market participant when buying or selling a currency pair. This section delves into the essential elements that constitute the spread and examines why understanding this phenomenon is paramount for successful trading.

The Core Definition and Its Implications

The Forex Spread is defined as the numerical difference between the bid price (the price at which a market participant is willing to buy) and the ask price (the price at which they are willing to sell). For example, if the EUR/USD pair has a bid price of 1.1000 and an ask price of 1.1003, the spread is 0.0003 or 3 pips. Though the number might seem minimal, each pip can significantly impact a trader's profitability—especially in high-frequency trading environments.

Consider a conversation between two experienced professionals, Alex and Morgan, at a recent industry seminar:

Alex: "When I see a spread widen unexpectedly, it’s often a sign of underlying market hesitation." Morgan: "Exactly. It’s the market’s way of communicating risk. Every shift in the spread signals changes in liquidity and volatility that we must monitor closely."

This dialogue underlines the practical importance of the spread. It is not just a static cost but a dynamic indicator that reflects market sentiment and risk.

Historical Evolution and Market Perception

Historically, Forex spreads have evolved in tandem with market innovations. With the advent of electronic trading platforms, spreads have generally become narrower due to increased competition and improved market transparency. However, during periods of economic uncertainty or when significant news events occur, spreads can widen abruptly as liquidity providers adjust their risk models.

Many market participants recall the financial turbulence during the early 2000s when sudden spikes in spread values were commonplace. Such episodes highlighted the dual role of the spread as both a cost and a risk signal. In this context, a wider spread often meant that market participants were more cautious, waiting for further clarity before committing to trades.

The Multifaceted Nature of the Forex Spread

Several factors influence the Forex Spread, making it a multifaceted concept:

Market Liquidity: In highly liquid markets, the difference between the bid and ask tends to be minimal. Conversely, in less liquid situations, the spread can widen considerably.

Economic and Political Events: Geopolitical tensions, central bank announcements, and economic data releases can all affect market sentiment, leading to sudden changes in spreads.

Trading Volume: During periods of high trading volume, the competition among liquidity providers often results in tighter spreads. When volume declines, the opposite may occur.

Technical Factors: Modern trading algorithms and high-frequency trading systems can both narrow and widen spreads in milliseconds, reacting to shifts in market conditions almost instantaneously.

Practical Considerations for Traders

For those actively engaged in the market, understanding the nuances of the Forex Spread is crucial. Traders must evaluate the spread as part of their overall strategy, factoring it into calculations for trade entry and exit points, risk management, and profitability assessments. Here are a few practical tips:

Monitor Spread Trends: Regularly track the spread for your currency pairs to identify patterns. This can be particularly useful during key market events.

Compare Across Brokers: Different platforms may offer varying spreads. Choose a broker that aligns with your trading strategy and provides competitive pricing.

Integrate Spread Analysis with Technical Tools: Combine spread analysis with technical indicators like moving averages or Bollinger Bands to gain deeper insights into market conditions.

A Personal Reflection

Reflecting on my own early days in Forex trading, I remember sitting with my mentor at a local café, poring over market charts and spread movements. He once said, “Understanding the spread is like reading the pulse of the market.” That advice has guided my approach ever since, instilling in me a respect for the intricate balance between cost and risk.

The fundamental takeaways from this discussion are clear: the Forex Spread is not merely a byproduct of market mechanics but a vital signal of market behavior. By understanding its underlying principles, traders can better navigate the complexities of the foreign exchange market, making informed decisions that reflect both analytical precision and market intuition.

2. Components of Forex Spread: Bid vs Ask

At the heart of every Forex transaction lies the interplay between the bid and ask prices. This chapter breaks down the components that form the Forex Spread, offering a closer look at each element and its significance.

Defining the Bid and Ask Prices

Bid Price: The bid is the highest price that buyers are willing to pay for a currency pair. It represents the demand side of the market.

Ask Price: The ask, on the other hand, is the lowest price at which sellers are ready to part with a currency pair. It reflects the supply side.

When these two figures are juxtaposed, the resulting difference is the spread—a critical metric that directly influences trading costs.

The Dynamic Nature of Bid and Ask

Bid and ask prices are not static. They fluctuate based on market conditions, order flow, and even external economic news. One market participant, Sarah, noted in a recent interview, “I see the bid-ask gap as a live barometer of market sentiment. When the gap widens, it usually signals heightened uncertainty.” This observation is not uncommon among professionals who use real-time data to assess risk and liquidity.

Interrelationship and Market Impact

The relationship between the bid and ask is interdependent. A narrower spread indicates a more competitive market with high liquidity, while a wider spread may suggest low liquidity or increased volatility. For example, during high trading sessions, such as when major economic data is released, liquidity increases and spreads typically narrow. Conversely, during off-peak hours, reduced trading activity can lead to wider spreads.

Key Considerations in Spread Calculation

Order Execution: The speed and efficiency of order execution can influence the spread. Fast, automated systems tend to narrow the gap, while manual execution may lead to delays and a slightly wider spread.

Market Makers’ Role: Market makers provide liquidity by continuously quoting bid and ask prices. Their pricing models are based on a mix of algorithms and market conditions, ensuring that the spread remains competitive while managing risk.

A Closer Look Through a Data Lens

To further illustrate the bid-ask components, consider the following table, which compares key data points across several major currency pairs:

This table offers a snapshot of how different currency pairs can exhibit varying spread characteristics based on market conditions and liquidity. It is important to note that these figures are influenced by numerous factors, including market sentiment, global economic events, and the overall trading volume.

Engaging With the Data

In discussions with fellow market enthusiasts, the bid-ask dynamic often comes up as a critical component of daily trading strategies. One participant, known for his meticulous analysis, remarked, “Tracking bid and ask movements throughout the day gives me an edge—it’s like having a backstage pass to the market’s inner workings.” Such insights reinforce the practical importance of understanding both sides of the spread equation.

By delving into the components of the Forex Spread, traders gain not only a clearer understanding of cost structures but also a tool to gauge market sentiment. Whether you are fine-tuning an algorithm or making split-second decisions in a fast-moving market, the bid-ask relationship remains an indispensable metric.

3. Forex Spread Influencers: Liquidity and Volatility

Market conditions are rarely static, and two of the most significant influencers of the Forex Spread are liquidity and volatility. In this section, we explore how these factors interact to shape the cost of trading and what this means for market participants.

Liquidity: The Lifeblood of the Market

Liquidity refers to the ease with which an asset can be bought or sold in the market without significantly affecting its price. In a highly liquid market, such as major currency pairs during peak trading hours, the Forex Spread tends to be narrow. This is because numerous buyers and sellers contribute to a competitive pricing environment. When liquidity is abundant, market makers can quote tighter spreads since there is less risk of drastic price changes.

Consider this exchange from a seasoned analyst, Dana:

Dana: "High liquidity is like oil in a finely tuned engine—it keeps everything running smoothly, ensuring that spreads remain tight and trading costs low." Colleague: "That’s true. On the flip side, a drop in liquidity can suddenly widen the spread, catching even the most experienced traders off guard."

Volatility: The Measure of Uncertainty

Volatility, defined as the degree of variation in a currency pair’s price over time, is another key factor influencing the Forex Spread. When volatility is high, market participants become more cautious, and liquidity providers widen the spread to compensate for the increased risk. Volatility can be driven by geopolitical events, economic data releases, or unexpected market news.

In periods of market turbulence, such as during major elections or central bank policy shifts, spreads may widen dramatically. This widening is a risk management tool used by liquidity providers to mitigate potential losses from rapid price fluctuations. Volatility indicators, such as the Average True Range (ATR), are commonly used by traders to gauge this risk and adjust their strategies accordingly.

The Interplay Between Liquidity and Volatility

The relationship between liquidity and volatility is intricate. In a market where liquidity is low, even moderate volatility can lead to disproportionately wide spreads. Conversely, in markets characterized by high liquidity, even significant volatility might result in only a modest increase in the spread. This delicate balance underscores the importance of continuously monitoring both factors as part of a comprehensive trading strategy.

Key Points to Consider:

Market Sessions: During overlapping trading sessions (for example, the European and North American sessions), liquidity increases, leading to narrower spreads.

Economic News Releases: Sudden bursts of volatility around economic announcements can temporarily disrupt liquidity, resulting in wider spreads.

Algorithmic Trading: Advanced trading algorithms adjust their spread quotations in real-time based on evolving liquidity and volatility, adding another layer of complexity to market dynamics.

Practical Implications for Traders

Understanding how liquidity and volatility influence the Forex Spread is crucial for effective risk management. Traders can employ several strategies to mitigate the risks associated with wide spreads:

Time Your Trades: Avoid entering positions during low-liquidity periods or immediately before major economic announcements.

Utilize Technical Indicators: Use volatility indicators in conjunction with liquidity metrics to determine the optimal times for trade execution.

Adjust Position Sizing: When spreads widen due to high volatility, consider adjusting your trade size to manage risk more effectively.

A Data-Driven Perspective

Below is a concise table that illustrates hypothetical data on liquidity and volatility across various market sessions for a select group of currency pairs:

This table provides a snapshot of how liquidity and volatility might vary across different sessions and currency pairs. By examining such data, traders can tailor their strategies to optimize trade entries and exits based on real-time market conditions.

Reflecting on Market Experience

Reflecting on past market experiences, many seasoned traders recount times when a sudden drop in liquidity or a spike in volatility led to unexpected losses—or, in some cases, lucrative opportunities. One veteran commented during an industry roundtable, “The true test of a trader’s acumen lies in navigating the twin challenges of liquidity and volatility. They are the two sides of the same coin in Forex Spread management.”

By thoroughly understanding these influencers, market participants can better anticipate changes in the spread, adjusting their strategies proactively. This awareness, coupled with robust data analysis, empowers traders to mitigate risks and capitalize on fleeting market opportunities.

4. Economic Indicators and Their Impact on Forex Spread

Economic indicators are among the most influential factors in the foreign exchange market, affecting not only the value of currencies but also the dynamics of the Forex Spread. In this section, we examine how economic data—ranging from employment reports to central bank announcements—shapes market behavior and influences the bid-ask differential.

The Role of Economic Data

Economic indicators such as GDP growth, unemployment rates, inflation figures, and manufacturing indices provide insights into the overall health of an economy. When these indicators point to robust economic performance, confidence in a currency tends to increase, thereby attracting more trading activity. This increased activity usually results in tighter Forex Spreads due to improved liquidity.

Conversely, disappointing economic data can lead to uncertainty and risk aversion. In such cases, liquidity providers may widen the spread to shield themselves against potential losses. For example, a sudden downturn in a country’s manufacturing sector might prompt market participants to demand higher premiums for the risk associated with trading that currency pair.

Central Bank Policies and Their Influence

Central banks play a pivotal role in influencing the Forex Spread through monetary policies. Interest rate decisions, quantitative easing programs, and forward guidance are all factors that can affect both currency valuation and market liquidity. Consider the following dialogue between two financial experts during a recent webinar:

Lydia: "When the central bank signals a potential interest rate cut, the ensuing uncertainty usually leads to wider spreads as market makers brace for volatility." Marcus: "Indeed. The anticipation of policy shifts often translates into cautious pricing, which we see reflected in the bid-ask differences."

This exchange illustrates how central bank communications can trigger market responses, leading to adjustments in the Forex Spread. Traders often monitor central bank announcements closely, as even a slight change in tone can alter market dynamics significantly.

Global Economic Events and Their Ripple Effects

Beyond individual economic reports, global events such as trade disputes, geopolitical tensions, and natural disasters also play a role in shaping Forex Spreads. Such events can disrupt normal trading patterns and create a ripple effect that extends across multiple currency pairs. The interconnectedness of global markets means that a crisis in one region can lead to wider spreads in seemingly unrelated markets.

Economic Impact Breakdown:

Inflation Data: Higher-than-expected inflation can prompt central banks to tighten monetary policy, which may reduce liquidity and widen spreads.

Employment Figures: Strong employment numbers typically boost market confidence, leading to tighter spreads due to increased trading activity.

Consumer Spending: Robust consumer spending signals economic health, attracting liquidity and thus narrowing the Forex Spread.

A Comprehensive Look at the Data

The interplay between economic indicators and Forex Spread is best understood through data. The table below summarizes hypothetical data points that illustrate this relationship:

This table serves as a reference for understanding how various economic indicators might influence liquidity and, consequently, the Forex Spread. It is important for traders to integrate such data into their decision-making processes, ensuring that their strategies reflect real-time economic realities.

Integrating Economic Insights into Trading Strategies

For market professionals, the ability to interpret economic indicators in the context of Forex Spread is invaluable. Here are some practical approaches:

Monitor Economic Calendars: Keep track of upcoming economic releases and central bank meetings to anticipate changes in market conditions.

Use Technical Analysis in Tandem: Combine economic data with technical analysis tools to gauge the likely impact on spreads.

Adopt a Flexible Approach: Adjust your trading strategy based on real-time economic news. In periods of high uncertainty, consider reducing trade sizes or widening stop-loss levels to manage risk.

A Personal Narrative on Economic Data

During a particularly volatile period last year, I recall a conversation with a fellow analyst, Rebecca, who emphasized the importance of reading economic signals. “When I see the unemployment rate drop unexpectedly, I know it’s time to pay closer attention to my spread metrics,” she explained. This personal insight resonated with me, highlighting the critical link between economic performance and trading costs.

Economic indicators not only shape market expectations but also serve as a barometer for risk management in Forex Spread. By staying attuned to these signals, traders can better navigate the complexities of the market, ensuring that they remain agile in the face of rapid changes.

5. Technological Advances and Forex Spread Dynamics

The evolution of technology has revolutionized every aspect of the foreign exchange market, including the dynamics of the Forex Spread. In this section, we explore how innovations in trading platforms, algorithmic systems, and data analytics have transformed spread management, making markets more accessible and efficient.

The Digital Transformation of Trading

Over the past two decades, the digitalization of trading systems has brought about a paradigm shift in how Forex Spread is determined and managed. Automated trading platforms and high-speed data feeds allow liquidity providers to adjust bid and ask prices in real-time. This digital transformation has contributed to narrower spreads during periods of high market activity, as computational efficiency ensures that pricing remains competitive.

Algorithmic Trading and Real-Time Adjustments

Algorithmic trading systems play a crucial role in managing Forex Spread. These systems analyze vast amounts of market data within milliseconds, identifying opportunities and adjusting spreads to balance supply and demand. During a panel discussion at a recent fintech conference, one expert stated, “The speed at which algorithms can process information and recalibrate the spread is nothing short of remarkable. It’s a game changer for risk management.” Such advancements have not only improved market efficiency but have also increased transparency for retail and institutional traders alike.

Data Analytics and Predictive Modeling

Advancements in data analytics have further enhanced the ability to forecast changes in the Forex Spread. Predictive models, which leverage historical data and machine learning techniques, help traders anticipate periods of high volatility or low liquidity. These models incorporate a myriad of variables—from trading volume and economic indicators to geopolitical events—to provide a comprehensive outlook on market conditions.

Key Technological Features:

High-Speed Data Feeds: Enable real-time tracking of bid and ask fluctuations.

Automated Execution: Minimizes human error and ensures rapid trade execution.

Predictive Analytics: Helps forecast potential spread fluctuations based on historical trends.

A Glimpse into the Future

Reflecting on the current state of technological innovation, it is clear that the impact on Forex Spread dynamics will only intensify. Future advancements are likely to include even more sophisticated AI-driven models, enhanced data visualization tools, and further integration of blockchain technology to ensure greater transparency and security in trade execution.

Dialogues and Anecdotes

During a candid conversation with a respected colleague, Liam, he remarked, “Every time I see a breakthrough in algorithmic trading, I feel the pulse of innovation shifting the market landscape. The way technology continuously reshapes the Forex Spread is both inspiring and challenging.” Such remarks underscore the importance of staying updated on technological trends to maintain a competitive edge.

Practical Implications for Market Participants

For traders and investors, embracing technological advancements is essential. Consider the following actionable tips:

Stay Informed: Regularly review updates on trading technology and platform enhancements.

Invest in Training: Develop proficiency in using algorithmic tools and data analytics software.

Collaborate with Tech Experts: Work closely with technology professionals to optimize trading strategies in response to changing market conditions.

Technological progress has democratized access to sophisticated trading tools, enabling a wider range of participants to engage in the Forex market. By leveraging these tools, traders can achieve a more nuanced understanding of the Forex Spread and execute trades with greater precision.

6. Real-world Application and Risk Management in Forex Spread

While theoretical knowledge is essential, the true test of understanding Forex Spread comes in real-world application. This section delves into practical strategies for managing risk, optimizing trade execution, and ensuring that the spread remains a manageable cost rather than an unforeseen liability.

Practical Strategies for Spread Management

Successful market participants combine a robust understanding of Forex Spread with concrete risk management techniques. Here are some strategies that have proven effective in live trading scenarios:

Adaptive Order Types: Utilize limit orders and stop-loss orders to control entry and exit points, reducing the impact of sudden spread fluctuations.

Dynamic Position Sizing: Adjust trade sizes based on current spread conditions to minimize exposure during periods of high volatility.

Regular Spread Analysis: Incorporate routine analysis of spread trends into your daily trading routine. This can help identify when market conditions are favorable or when caution is warranted.

Risk Management Techniques

Risk management in Forex trading is as much an art as it is a science. The following techniques are widely adopted to ensure that the Forex Spread does not erode trading capital:

Hedging Strategies: Implementing hedging techniques can help offset potential losses when spreads widen unexpectedly.

Diversification: Spreading trades across multiple currency pairs can reduce the impact of adverse movements in any single market.

Technical and Fundamental Analysis Integration: Combine chart analysis with economic insights to gauge the likely behavior of spreads during volatile periods.

Engaging Dialogue on Real-World Experience

During an informal discussion at a recent workshop, a veteran market practitioner, Elena, shared her insights:

Elena: "I remember a day when the spread on a major pair suddenly doubled during a key economic announcement. It was a wake-up call—one that reinforced the need for robust risk controls." Peer: "That’s when I realized the importance of not just relying on automated systems, but also keeping a close eye on market news and adjusting strategies on the fly."

Such exchanges highlight that managing Forex Spread is not just about numbers—it’s about understanding market behavior, staying agile, and being prepared for the unexpected.

Tools and Techniques for Monitoring Spreads

In today’s digital age, a variety of tools are available to help traders monitor the Forex Spread in real time:

Charting Software: Advanced charting platforms allow for the visualization of spread movements alongside price action.

Economic Calendars: Real-time economic calendars provide alerts on upcoming events that could impact spread dynamics.

Risk Management Platforms: Dedicated software solutions help traders model different scenarios and adjust their risk profiles accordingly.

A Real-World Case Study

Consider the case of a mid-sized investment firm that specializes in foreign exchange trading. During a period of political uncertainty in a major economy, the firm observed a significant widening of the Forex Spread. The risk management team swiftly recalibrated their strategy, reducing position sizes and diversifying their currency exposure. Within days, as market conditions stabilized, they gradually increased their exposure again. This case underscores the importance of a flexible, responsive approach to spread management.

Practical Tips for Traders

Monitor Real-Time Data: Always keep an eye on the live spread, especially during periods of economic or political turbulence.

Stay Connected: Engage with the trading community through forums and discussion groups. Shared experiences can provide invaluable insights.

Review and Adjust: Regularly review your risk management strategy and make necessary adjustments based on evolving market conditions.

By integrating these practices, traders can ensure that the Forex Spread remains a controlled and manageable element of their overall trading strategy, rather than a hidden cost that erodes potential profits.

7. The Future of Forex Spread and Market Innovations

Looking forward, the landscape of Forex Spread is poised for continued evolution. In this final detailed chapter, we explore the future trends and innovations that are likely to shape the bid-ask dynamics and the broader foreign exchange market.

Emerging Trends and Innovations

Several trends point toward a future where Forex Spread dynamics will become even more refined:

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: These technologies will drive more predictive models for spread behavior, enabling traders to anticipate market movements with greater accuracy.

Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology: Enhanced transparency and security in trade execution are expected to reduce counterparty risks and potentially narrow spreads.

Integration of Big Data Analytics: Real-time processing of vast datasets will offer deeper insights into market conditions, allowing liquidity providers to adjust spreads more dynamically.

Anticipated Market Shifts

The evolution of market structure will likely lead to a more democratized trading environment. As technology further reduces transaction costs, even retail traders may experience tighter spreads similar to those enjoyed by institutional players. This shift could result in a more competitive marketplace, with benefits including:

Lower Transaction Costs: Tighter spreads will directly translate into lower costs for traders, enhancing overall market efficiency.

Increased Market Participation: As barriers to entry are reduced, a broader range of participants will contribute to market liquidity.

Enhanced Risk Management: Improved forecasting and real-time analysis will enable more sophisticated risk management strategies.

A Visionary Dialogue

During a roundtable discussion on market innovation, a prominent economist, Dr. Stevens, remarked:

Dr. Stevens: "The future of Forex Spread is intertwined with technology. As we refine our analytical tools, the spread will become not just a cost factor but a dynamic indicator of market health." Moderator: "So, do you see a future where spreads could be almost negligible?" Dr. Stevens: "Potentially, yes. But with lower spreads comes the need for heightened vigilance. The market will always reward those who remain adaptive and informed."

Strategic Considerations for the Future

Traders should begin to incorporate emerging technologies and data analytics into their strategic planning:

Invest in Technology: Allocating resources to upgrade trading platforms and analytical tools can pay dividends in a rapidly evolving market.

Continuous Learning: As market innovations emerge, ongoing education and adaptation will be essential. Engage with industry experts, attend seminars, and read the latest research to stay ahead.

Scenario Planning: Develop strategies that account for both the promise of lower spreads and the inherent risks of a more dynamic trading environment.

Final Thoughts on Market Innovations

The future of Forex Spread promises a blend of opportunity and challenge. While technology is expected to streamline trading costs and improve market transparency, it also demands that traders remain agile, informed, and ready to adjust their strategies. The path ahead is one of continual evolution, where each advancement in data science and trading technology opens new avenues for both profit and risk management.

Conclusion

In closing, our exploration of Forex Spread has taken us through its fundamental concepts, the intricate dance between bid and ask prices, and the influential factors of liquidity, volatility, and economic indicators. We delved into how technological innovations have reshaped spread dynamics, and examined practical strategies for managing risks in live market scenarios. The dialogues and personal narratives interwoven throughout this article have underscored the human element behind every trade—illustrating that Forex Spread is more than just a numeric difference; it is a dynamic reflection of market sentiment and an essential tool in the trader’s arsenal.

As we look to the future, the interplay between technology and market behavior promises to refine the mechanics of Forex Spread even further. For traders, embracing these changes while maintaining a strong focus on risk management will be key to navigating an increasingly competitive environment. This article is a testament to the depth and complexity of the foreign exchange market—a realm where every pip tells a story and every spread serves as a guidepost for opportunity and risk.

Actionable Insights

Stay Informed: Regularly review market news and economic calendars.

Invest in Technology: Upgrade your trading tools to take advantage of real-time data and predictive analytics.

Engage in Continuous Learning: Participate in industry forums, seminars, and professional discussions.

Adapt Strategies: Be ready to adjust trade sizes and risk controls in response to changing spread conditions.

The Forex market continues to evolve, and with it, the strategies for managing Forex Spread will undoubtedly adapt. By maintaining a focus on analytical rigor and technological integration, traders can turn the intricacies of bid-ask differences into a strategic advantage.

Bibliography

Financial Times, “How Market Liquidity Affects Forex Spreads,” Financial Times Analysis Reports, 2023.

Bloomberg, “Central Bank Policies and the Impact on Forex Trading Costs,” Bloomberg Markets, 2022.

Reuters, “Technological Innovations in Forex Trading: A New Era,” Reuters Special Reports, 2023.

Investopedia, “Understanding Bid-Ask Spreads in Forex Trading,” Investopedia Education, 2021.

#Forex Trading #Forex Market #Forex Spread

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internationalrelocationcompany · 8 months ago

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INTERNATIONAL RELOCATION FOR RETIREES: TIPS FOR A SMOOTH TRANSITION

It's a time for new adventures, and increasingly for many retirees, that may well involve relocation to a different country in search of a better quality of life, lower living costs, more salubrious climate, or simply the desire to experience a different culture. International relocation is fast becoming an increasingly popular option with retirees. Moving abroad at retirement age does come with some challenges that need careful planning.

Throughout this article, we look at a few important tips that would make any retiree's international relocation easy and smooth. We will look through it all-from financial planning and healthcare consideration to legal documentation and cultural adjustment.

1. Research the Cost of Living and Tax Implications

Probably, the most common factor for relocating abroad in retirement is a lower cost of living. Nevertheless, it's important to research specific costs in your destination country before making the move. While some countries can offer more affordable housing, groceries, and transportation, some of the other costs-one would expect to be low-may be much higher, such as health care, insurance, and taxes.

Cost of living comparison: Websites like Numbeo or Expatistan allow you to compare the cost of living between two countries and estimate how far your retirement savings will go. Make sure to include costs associated with housing, utilities, food, transportation, and entertainment in your calculations.

Tax obligations: Know what your tax responsibilities are if you choose to live overseas. Some countries levy taxes on worldwide income, while others have more favorable tax environments for retirees. Further, depending on one's citizenship status-most often from countries like the United States-it may be required that even while abroad, individuals file and pay taxes on worldwide income. Double taxation agreements between countries can help to offset this burden, so do your research as to whether your home country has such agreements with your destination.

2. Understand Visa and Residency Requirements

But before you start packing up your bags, it is critical to understand the various requirements for visa and residency in the country of your choice. Many countries have special retirement visas that will grant retirees permission to stay in their borders for extended periods of time. Each country, however, has its own set of eligibility, whether minimum required income or proof of adequate retirement savings.

Retirement Visa Options: Some countries, like Thailand, Malaysia, and Portugal, have retirement visas that lure foreign retirees with relatively easy application processes, as long as one meets the required financial criteria. For example, the retirement visa for Portugal requires proof of stable income derived from pensions or investments; Thailand's requires applicants over 50 and to maintain a sum certain of savings.

Permanent Residency vs Temporary Visas: Decide on permanent residency or staying on a temporary visa. While permanent residency provides full access to the local healthcare and social security system, temporary visas may require renewal from time to time.

3. Plan for Healthcare

The other important consideration, if retiring abroad, is your health care. Access to quality medical care, health insurance options available, and the cost for treatment are a few of the factors to be considered in making your decision.

Public Healthcare Systems: Most countries offer public healthcare, but, many times, your expatriate status may limit your access or you may have no access at all. For example, European Union retirees who retire to countries such as Spain or Portugal can avail themselves of public healthcare facilities. Other country citizens have to privately pay for health insurance or pay out-of-pocket.

Private Health Insurance: In case you are not entitled to a country's public health care, you will need private health insurance. Research local and international providers for the best coverage that would suit your needs. Most of the insurance companies provide expatriate health plans wherein their medical care is covered both in your host country and for trips back home.

Medical Facilities: Equally important is finding out about medical facilities in the country to which you will be moving, especially in cases of ongoing medical conditions that require frequent treatment. You will want to make certain that the new home has the needed medical services, such as hospitals, specialists, and pharmacies.

4. Housing Options: Buy or Rent?

Housing is another critical decision one makes when planning an international relocation as a retiree. Depending on your financial situation, whether or not the local real estate market is buyer- or seller-friendly, and how long you plan on staying will determine whether buying or renting will be in your best interest.

Renting: Renting offers lots of flexibility for retirees who seek flexibility in their new country. It is a great way to get a feel for the local community, with no need for a long-term investment. Renting also keeps you free from the responsibilities concerning property maintenance, which is particularly advantageous in foreign countries where the local rules and regulations may differ from what one has been accustomed to.

Property Buying: Owning property would be more economical in the long run if retirees stay long enough. Before making this decision, though, one has to understand the local laws of property. Some countries limit foreign ownership, while others encourage retirees to invest in real estate by giving incentives. Be sure to work with a local real estate agent and attorney who can lead you through the process.

5. Financial Planning: How to Manage Your Finances Abroad

Managing your finances is one of the major keys to comfort while retiring abroad. There is much to consider: transferring funds across international lines, how to handle currency exchange rates, even local banking.

Pension and Social Security: Ascertain precisely how your pension or social security benefits would be affected by the move. While some countries have agreements to directly transfer social security benefits with other countries, some do not. At times, this involves setting up a local bank account since one might receive benefits; in other cases, keeping an account in the home country will lead to currency conversion fees.

Banking and Currency Exchange: Opening a local bank account should not be a bad idea to avoid too many huge currency conversions and facilitate day-to-day transactions. Some of the banks have created an international account for expatriates that allows you to manage your finances in several currencies.

Taxation: Understand how taxes in your new country may affect your income, especially if you have a lot of different types of income coming from investments, pensions, or rental properties. If necessary, consult a tax expert who understands the complexities of tax law regarding expats to help you understand and stay on top of both local and home country tax requirements.

6. Cultural Adjustment and Language

This may be a bit challenging, but one important and often underestimated aspect of international relocation is cultural adjustment, which makes for a smooth transition. Relocation to a new country simply means moving into different customs, social norms, and probably even a new language.

Learn the Language: Most people can live quite comfortably in some countries without speaking the language, but learning even the basics will really enhance one's experience abroad. You will get better with your communications with the locals, you will feel better adjusted within the community, and more confident with your daily life.

Cultural Adjustment: Familiarize yourself with the local way of life, customs, holidays, and interpersonal behavior. Make use of joining local clubs or similar kinds of social groups that will help you integrate with ease and make new friends rather than giving in to the feeling of isolation that comes associated with country changes.

Be Prepared for Culture Shock: Even if you've taken a holiday in your destination country before, nothing quite compares to experiencing the culture around you when you must live amongst it. Culture shock is very real and sometimes very overwhelming at first. Give yourself time to settle in. Reach out for support from expatriate communities or local organizations that help newcomers acclimate.

7. Legal Documentation and Estate Planning

When emigrating, this is a very critical time to sort out your legal affairs in both your home country and your new country.

Update Your Will: Emigration may have a profound effect on the status of your estate. Make sure that your will is both applicable in your home country and your destination. You may have to create a separate will in relation to your assets for each country.

Power of Attorney and Health Directives: This may be a good opportunity to have a local power of attorney and health directives in the country to which you are moving, in case of some kind of emergency. These will help guarantee that your wishes will be taken into consideration should you become unable to make decisions for yourself.

Conclusion

While there is the excitement of a new start in life and learning a new culture found in an international relocation for retirees, planning and consideration should not go unnoticed. Knowing how much living costs, quality healthcare costs, and the requirements to obtain a visa will get you through managing your finances and adapting to the culture. Take the time to plan with due care, consult experts where necessary, and enjoy retirement in another country.

For more information please visit Asiantiger international relocation

#Asiantiger international relocation #international movers #international moving company #asiantigersgroup #international transport #moving abroad

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hussain-awan · 1 year ago

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Harvard Law Meets Pakistan’s Supreme Court: How Our 1L Education Thrived Halfway Across the World

In the throes of 1L year at Harvard Law School, we often heard our peers lamenting the insularity of American legal education and its presiding academy.

Forced to pore over the intricacies of some constitutional device invented by John Marshall two centuries ago, our classmates complained bitterly about the narrow focus of our curriculum on domestic law and the absence of contemporary international and comparative perspectives. While there may be some truth to these grievances, our extraordinary journey from WCC to the Supreme Court of Pakistan in the foothills of the Himalayas has shown us just how remarkably versatile our 1L education can be when applied in unexpected and unfamiliar settings.

It all began with a simple question we posed to Justice Syed Mansoor Ali Shah, the incoming Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, during an informal chat in Austin Hall last year. We asked if he had ever seen law students or lawyers, trained in the Western jurisprudential traditions of England or the United States, succeed in what seemed to us the wholly alien world of the South Asian legal system. To our surprise, he answered our question with a proposal: come to Islamabad, he said, and he would have us serve as summer law clerks at the Supreme Court during his next term.

Uncertain about the practicality of such a venture but freed by the end of our regular summer jobs in July (I’d just finished my 1L internship in Tunisia, while Saeed was wrapping up his 2L summer in New York), we jumped at the chance to spend a few months bridging the gap between our American legal training and our Pakistani heritages. Little did we know that this casual conversation would lead us to an incredible weeks-long adventure that would not only enrich our understanding of Pakistani jurisprudence but also underscore the value of our 1L education.

The challenges we faced were, in some respects, unlike anything we had encountered in our 1L years. From the moment we stepped foot in Pakistan, we were immersed in a world where the legal landscape bore little resemblance to what we had studied at Harvard. On our first day on the job, we watched Supreme Court oral arguments with fascination, as lawyers and justices alike flitted between posh, Londoner-accented Queen’s English and an equally fluent Urdu, with Punjabi idioms sometimes thrown in for verve.

Later, we were invited to make motorcycle trips to the much older district courts of Rawalpindi, where we saw colonial-era courtrooms –– still marked by a distinct British architectural style –– crowded in by dozens of tightly packed law offices hosting small firms and solo practitioners desperately competing to try and scrounge out a living in the environment of the katcheri (court complex).

However, the skills we had honed during our 1L year turned out to be surprisingly useful in navigating this unfamiliar territory. In a foreign legal system with its own complex set of precedents, we found ourselves stuck in the cavernous Supreme Court basement library for days, poring over hundreds of pages of the leading constitutional case law. Luckily, the endurance we’d built making our way through readings for Legislation and Regulation with Prof. Matthew Stephenson, J.D., PhD 03’, or CivPro assignments for Prof. Stephen Sachs, B.A. 02’, suddenly proved very useful.

The agonizing hours spent on our LRW bear memos and veterinarian briefs bore fruit as we navigated new databases like the Pakistan Law Site with ease. Perhaps the most intriguing application of our 1L education came, somewhat surprisingly, in the realm of procedure. We found ourselves comparing and contrasting the use of concepts such as original jurisdiction between SCOTUS and the Supreme Court of Pakistan.

While 1L Civil Procedure had taught us the basic idea of original jurisdiction and its limited application in the jurisprudence America’s highest Court, we now grappled with the much more expansive use of suo moto (court action without a motion) powers, original dockets, and public interest litigation in the workload of its sister institution in Pakistan.

Our experiences in Pakistan have since culminated in a comparative constitutional law paper now in the process of finalization. The paper contrasts the appellate-focused US Supreme Court with the emergence and growth of first-instance public interest litigation at the Supreme Court of Pakistan. We are thrilled to announce that our paper has already been accepted for publication in some of Pakistan’s leading law journals.

Our journey from Harvard Law School to the Supreme Court of Pakistan is a testament to the adaptability and power of our 1L education. It shows us that the skills we developed in the American legal system can be effectively applied to tackle complex legal issues in a variety of contexts. As we continue our legal careers, we are committed to building bridges between institutions in our countries of study and our countries of origin, creating opportunities for legal talent to thrive and make a meaningful impact on the law globally.

As much of a nightmare as 1L can be, our experiences halfway across the world remind us that the skills acquired during our first year can transcend borders and prove their worth in unexpected ways.

Hussain Awan is a 2L at Harvard Law School, a contributor to Harvard Law School’s Global Anticorruption Blog, a Chayes Fellow, and a former clerk to Justice Syed Mansoor Ali Shah. Awan attended McGill University, graduating as class valedictorian.

Saeed Ahmad is a 3L at Harvard Law School active in the Harvard Association for Law & Business and the Admissions Fellow program. He graduated from UCLA and worked at LVMH before law school. He is a former clerk to Justice Syed Mansoor Ali Shah.

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averagezillenial · 4 years ago

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Western Education & Its Shortcomings: The Environment

I’m currently sitting at Penn’s Fisher Fine Art’s library, sitting in the present moment for a bit before embarking on my trek to study for finals. I had been reading over an article I was assigned for class: “Without the Forest: Educational Projects for Indigenous communities” By: Dinny Risri Aletheiani (2021) which discusses modern-day efforts to attempt to drive the Orang Rimba tribes (belonging to Indonesia) out of the forest, and away from their traditional migratory patterns, with the intent that they would become sedentary and partake in modern, westernized Indonesian culture.

I felt as if this article focused heavily on the surface dynamic: drawing indigenous people out of their native land so that same land can be capitalized upon for the production of crops (specifically palm oil in this article (Aletheiani, 2021)), and the oral knowledge traditionally passed down through indigenous cultures erased through forcibly having these people learn to speak a new language and partake in new and unfamiliar cultural norms. However, this article did not talk about the indigenous experience with the land as much as I had hoped. I for one am not indigenous, however I do appreciate the history and knowledge that indigenous authors share about ties to the land, and how land and environment shapes culture and community. Aletheiani’s article draws concerns to the unsustainable practices of capitalism, and how harmful westernization can be to communities, the land, and cultures– yet I felt that she could go a bit deeper as to what connections capitalism is truly affecting.

I then looked up another article in order to help me digest this one, and I found Seana M. McGovern’s “Reclaiming Education: Knowledge Practices and Indigenous Communities” (2000) which examines indigenous communities all across the globe, and explores and articulates their connection to the land. McGovern states that “forms of knowledge require an understanding of the contexts in which they have developed” (524) therefore, attempting to force western knowledge upon people who do not live in a western framework proves to be difficult and cause a dissonance. Furthermore, western knowledge is mass-produced and one size fits all: one learning experience, one curriculum, one correct answer. Again, this knowledge is only valuable given certain frameworks. If we were to take this education outside of western society and culture, it would not get us very far. However, indigenous knowledge “reflects the dynamic way in which the residents of an area have come to understand themselves in relationship to their natural environment and how they organize that folk knowledge of flora and fauna, cultural beliefs, and history to enhance their lives” (McGovern 524). Indigenous knowledge emphasizes the land, environment, one’s place in the world, and how all of these things come together. How the people are able to take care of the land and understand the environment, so the land and environment can take care of the people; this knowledge is symbiotic, not unilateral.

Given every single person on this earth lives in an environment, indigenous knowledge is arguably more applicable to many different frameworks of knowledge than western, academic, knowledge is. How are we able to take care of ourselves in a way that also takes care of the world around us, and keep a record of this knowledge that we can share. These readings reminded me of a piece I had read during Junior year of college: “The Making of a Marginal Farm” By: Wendell Berry where he discusses the process he underwent turning former industrialized agricultural land back to its natural flourishing pre-colonized state. Aletheiani had commented that “reading and writing are foreign practices for Orang Rimba” (340) which also reminded of a book I found at my favorite bookstore in Chicago, Myopic Books, called “The Alphabet versus the Goddess” By: Leonard Shlain which mentions how, when the alphabet was invented there began to be a shift to more left-brain thinking, and away from right-brain thinking; therefore, ushering in a shift to more analytical, male-dominant, capitalistic, western practices, and away from art, creativity, and the feminine essence– like female deities (hence the title being “The Alphabet versus The Goddess”). Overall, these readings all re-emphasized how capitalism is deeply-seated in the world around us, and how it has even taken people out of nature, and normalized the human experience as existing post-nature, in order for it to exploit natural and vital resources that it is our human job to take care of.

I plan to build off of this post by exploring these aforementioned pieces in my next post, and continue to build off of each post with something I learn hope to dedicate this blog to something I learn, and can share, everyday about indigenous knowledge and practices that allow us to understand the shortcomings of western education, the harm it has caused, and ways in which we can participate in decolonizing information, knowledge, and education. I hope to explore new and different ways of learning, while also revisiting articles and written pieces I have read before that accentuate and support the information I happen to stumble upon. I hope for this blog to educate both myself and anyone who comes across it, and to serve as a nexus of resources for understanding indigenous practices alongside ways to decolonize education and practices within our daily lives.

Pieces I hope to explore next time:

Deloria

American Earth

Alphabet Vs. The Goddess

#indigenous knowledge #education #decolonize #westernization #environment #academia #gradschool #anthropology

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optimisticanchornut · 4 years ago

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Medical Courses in India

MEDICAL COURSES

Myeducationwire

April 25, 2019

Top 5 Medical Courses in India

Pursuing a medical courses in India is far tougher than taking a decision to become a doctor. But, hats off to those who pursue their studies with as much as interest as when they were dreaming to become a doctor. Also, the zeal to serve others, the passion to think of other people’s wellness and the drive to come out of comfort zone and look what best you can do for others, so that people can feel every beat of life and make most of it; is not a small thing to have in one’s mind. Similarly when youth is going behind technology, there are few who understand the price of one’s life and opt medical. Because no matter how much wealth a person hoards, it’s just incomparable to health.

Furthermore, the Medical Council of India is the regulatory authority which has laid down rules and regulations to medical education, so that good education standard can be attained by every medical student. There are various medical courses in India that have been running from long, everyone have their own importance, you can choose according to your area of interest. Have a look:

Medical Courses in India:

1. MBBS

It is one of the most popular medical courses in India. It’s full form is bachelor of masters and bachelor of surgery. Medical entrance exams are conducted on a National Level and State Level to select suitable medical students for undergraduate medical programs. The MBBS degree holder can run their practice as a physician because they possess good knowledge for every right disease. While the total MBBS duration is 4.5 years academic education + 1 year mandatory internship. Some of the popular entrance exams for MBBS are given below:

AIIMS (All India Institute of Medical Sciences): Most prestigious entrance exam

AIPMT (All India Pre medical Test): Conducted by CBSE

Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore: Minority run private & research institute

Armed Force Medical College (AFMC): Manages by Indian Armed Forces

2. BDS:

BDS is the only educational and professional program of dental surgery in India. It offers knowledge and skills related to general dental anatomy. The full form of this medical course in India is Bachelor of Dental surgery. BDS includes the treatment as well as prevention of a wide range of diseases of the mouth. Certainly, the main objective of the dentistry program is to produce a dentist who is socially acceptable and is able to work safely & effectively on patients in diagnosis, prevention and treatment of dental and oral diseases. The duration of BDS degree ranges from 3 years to 5 years.

Popular BDS entrance exams are:

Banaras Hindu University Medical Entrance Exam

Bharati Vidyapeeth University Medical Entrance Exam

Christian Medical College Entrance Exam

Delhi University Medical/Dental Entrance Exam

All India Post Graduate Dental Entrance Test

Amrita University Medical Entrance Exam

Association of Managements of Unaided Private Medical and Dental Colleges Exam

3. BHMS:

BHMS stands for Bachelor of Homeopathic Medicine & Surgery. BHMS is an undergraduate degree program in medical field. Furthermore, this medical course in India treats patients with the help of heavily diluted preparations of chemicals. While, it is an ancient medicine form originated from Germany. Also, it works on the principle of stimulating body’s immunity to heal oneself by giving small doses of highly diluted substances. BHMS course is of 5½ year duration including an internship. The best homeopathy colleges in India are:

National Institute of Homeopathy, Kolkata

Shivaji University, South Maharashtra

Motiwala Homeopathic Medical College, Gangapur

Rajasthan Vidyapeeth Homeopathic Medical College & Hospital

4. BAMS:

Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery (BAMS) is an integrated Indian Degree in the medical field. This degree program is conferred to those students who have studied the modern medicines and traditional Ayurveda. Ayurvedic science is one of the ancient medical systems of the world. It traces its roots to the Vedic period. Also, BAMS is 5 and a half years course. Best ayurveda colleges in India are:

Shri Dhanwantri Ayurvedic College, Chandigarh

Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore

Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar

JB Roy State Medical College, Kolkata

Ayurvedic Medical College, Kolhapur

5. MD/MS:

MD is a post graduation degree, stands for masters in medicines and MS is a post graduation degree stands for masters in surgery. Both of them are a 3 years course for medical Graduates (MBBS) that deal with the branches which do not require surgical skills. MD is awarded in both non-clinical as well as clinical branches.

Likewise, the future prospects of MD and MS as medical courses in India are generally same. An individual who completes MS becomes a surgeon whereas the one who takes up MD is a physician. Finally, a surgeon can work in place of a physician with more study of medicine while a physician cannot be a surgeon. In contrast, financially, a surgeon can earn a lot more money than a physician, if he or she is skilled.

The Popular specializations in MS and MD are:

MD:

The obstetrics & Gynecology, Endocrinology, Orthopaedics, Neurology and the Anesthesiology, Cardiology, Internal Medicine, Paediatric, Psychiatry, Dermatology, Radio diagnosis and the Pathology.

MS:

Pediatric surgery, plastic surgery, cardio-thoracic surgery, Urology, Cardiac surgery, Cosmetic surgery, ENT, Ophthalmology, Gynecology, Obstetrics and the orthopedics.

So, usually it takes three years to complete the MD or MS but for s super specialization the student needs two years more after MD or MS.

Furthermore, some of the best Medical Courses in India & colleges offering post graduation in surgery/medicine are given below:

All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi

Armed Forces Medical College(AFMC), Pune

Christian Medical College(CMC), Vellore

Maulana Azad Medical College(MAMC), Delhi

University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital , Delhi

Sri Ramchandra Medical College and Research Institute(SRMC), Chennai

Seth G S Medical College, Mumbai

Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (AMU), Aligarh

Certainly, apart from them, there are few other medical courses in India which are also gaining popularity these days, some of them are:

Bachelor of Physiotherapy

Bachelor in Unani medicine and surgery

Bachelor in Science in Nursing

Most noteworthy, medical is a noble profession, no matter which course you opt, but study with full of interest and practice your profession with full honestly, because with medical degrees, you are asked not to work with objects, stationery but with Human body, the most precious wealth of one’s life.

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[…] Now #Latest on Finance courses #Medical Courses in India #Engineering Degree #UPSC Exams #India National sports #Sports updates #Top School for Masters in […]

Nice post. …..I have geography, nutrition, biology and chemistry in my hs. ….what is the best career option for me?

MEWAugust 2, 2020 at 2:31 pmReply

Hi, as you have asked for the opportunities of pursuing a career after 12, we are giving few options that you may pursue according to your interest

1. Pursue B.Sc/B. A Nutrition or B.Sc Food Technology. It is a 3-year course focusing on a wide variety of topics, such as human physiology, basics of nutrition, food biotechnology, health, weight-loss strategies, human physiology, etc. The degree not only focuses on general health but also provides expertise in areas such as public health, maternal and child nutrition, etc. 2.B.Sc. Food Technology: It is a 3-year course that focuses on the safe use of food. Food technology is the process in which various principles of food science are applied to the selection, preservation, packaging and safe distribution of food. class 12th with any stream (Science with Biology is preferred).

3.D. Pharm (Ayurvedic Siddha Medicine) it’s a 2 years course

4.BOT (bachelor of occupational therapy • deal with physically, mentally, morally, and mentally challenged people. • manage the dysfunctions caused due to social, biological, and economic reasons.

5.Careers after a bachelor degree in Geography The careers for bachelor’s degree holders in Geography can include Geography teacher, Research assistant/associate in projects related to the environment, sustainability and social development, jobs related to Corporate Social Responsibility etc.

plz subscribe our newsletter too we will keep sending you update

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didanawisgi · 4 years ago

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China's push to control Americans' health care future

U.S. officials say the Chinese government is trying to collect Americans' DNA, and they believe a recent offer from a Chinese company for assistance in COVID-19 testing was suspicious. Jon Wertheim reports.

For all the polarization that grips Washington, here's a source of rare consensus: the emerging threat of China's push to acquire our health care data, including the DNA of American citizens. U.S. officials tell us the communist regime's aggressive collection of our most personal information presents a danger both to national security and our economy. As alarm bells ring across agencies, parties, and presidential administrations, different branches of government have taken action over the past year to stem the tide of our medical data flowing to China. The quest to control our biodata – and, in turn, control health care's future – has become the new space race, with more than national pride in the balance. Our investigation begins with an unsolicited and surprising proposal that came from overseas at the onset of the COVID crisis.

Early last March, the state of Washington was the site of the first major coronavirus outbreak in the U.S. As COVID rates and the need for tests were spiking, BGI Group, the world's largest biotech firm - a global giant based in China - approached the state of Washington with an enticing offer.

In a strikingly personal letter to the governor, BGI proposed to build and help run state-of-the-art COVID testing labs. BGI would quote "provide technical expertise," provide "high throughput sequencers" and even "make additional donations."

It seemed like an offer the state couldn't refuse, especially given the desperate need. But officials were suspicious about BGI and its connections to the Chinese government.

Bill Evanina: They are the ultimate company that shows connectivity to both the communist state as well as the military apparatus.

Bill Evanina recently stepped down as the top counterintelligence official in the U.S., a veteran of both the FBI and CIA. He was so concerned by BGI's COVID testing proposals, and who would ultimately get the data, that he authorized a rare public warning: "Foreign powers can collect, store and exploit biometric information from covid tests."

Bill Evanina: We put out an advisory to not only every American, but to hospitals, associations, and clinics. Knowing that BGI is a Chinese company, do we understand where that data's going?

Jon Wertheim: Tens of millions Americans getting COVID tests this year, you don't think a lot of them are thinking, "Boy, where is this data going, what third party's involved in this?"

Bill Evanina: I would proffer no one's thinking that. But this shows the nefarious mindset of the Communist Party of China, to take advantage of a worldwide crisis like COVID.

Evanina suspects these lab offers are modern-day Trojan horses. BGI comes to the U.S. bearing gifts, but harboring other motives. It's unclear whether BGI, or any COVID tester, would get DNA from nasal swabs, he says, but the labs are a way to establish a foothold, to bring their equipment here, start mining your data, and set up shop in your neighborhood.

Edward You: You have to take a step back and ask yourself who has access to that data.

Supervisory Special Agent Edward You is a former biochemist turned FBI investigator.

Edward You: And with that, there's a very uncomfortable truth that comes out, that in the last decade or so, you'll see that China has heavily invested, through the purchase or acquisition of actual companies, access to our data.

Jon Wertheim: If the question is where is this data going, all roads lead to China?

Edward You: They are the biggest player right now.

The authoritarian government of China and its leader Xi Jinping have been boldly open about their ambitions to beat the west and reap the benefits of advances in DNA science and technology. The communist regime even has a published manifesto with a catchy name.

Edward You: They have something called Made in China 2025. And in these national strategies, they absolutely call out wanting to be the dominant leader in this biological age. So wanting to be the leader and being able to develop vaccines, precision medicine.

For all the classified briefings about China that Bill Evanina received, the threat really hit home when he called home.

Bill Evanina: This is the argument I would have with my dad. Is ten years from now-- my dad gets a phone call and is told, "Hey, by the way, we understand you're gonna develop hypertension. And you're on the verge of Parkinson's. Here are three medicines you should take moving forward to help alleviate some of the symptoms." My dad's gonna be like, "Well, how do they know this?" And the company's from China. Because they've already micro-targeted my dad based upon his DNA. And my dad says, "Okay, (CLAP) I'll do it."

Jon Wertheim: The devil's advocate argument would say, "Listen, if you're able to pinpoint something in my DNA, I'll sign up for that."

Bill Evanina: That's exactly what my dad said. (LAUGH) So my argument is, to him, from a long-term existential cost to our nation, do we want to do that? Do we wanna have another nation systematically eliminate our health care services? Are we okay with that as a nation? If we are as a nation, then so be it. But that's what's happening.

Our dependence on China during COVID - for PPE, for masks - will pale in comparison to our potential health care dependence going forward, according to Edward You of the FBI.

Edward You: What happens if we realize that all of our future drugs, our future vaccines, future health care are all completely dependent upon a foreign source? If we don't wake up, we'll realize one day we've just become health care crack addicts and someone like China has become our pusher.

Jon Wertheim: Health care crack addicts, you say?

Edward You: Right. If they're in a position to be able to offer you personalized, effective, low-cost health care, would we be in a position to say no, I don't think so?

Jon Wertheim: How close are we to that?

Edward You: I don't know how close we are, but I can feel it breathing down our neck.

Jon Wertheim: This sounds a little xenophobic. I mean, if China is the industry leader here, why wouldn't you do business with them?

Edward You: Well, at the end of the day, it's not about the Chinese people. It's about the Chinese government.

He says China's government understands that their future success hinges on accumulating large amounts of human DNA.

Edward You: They are building out a huge domestic database. And if they are now able to supplement that with data from all around the world, it's all about who gets the largest, most diverse data set. And so, the ticking time bomb is that once they're able to achieve true artificial intelligence, then they're off to the races in what they can do with that data.

Jon Wertheim: You're saying biggest data set wins?

Edward You: Correct.

Think of DNA as the ultimate treasure map, a kind of double-helixed chart containing the code for traits ranging from our eye color to our susceptibility to certain diseases. If you have 10,000 DNA samples, scientists could possibly isolate the genetic markers in the DNA associated with, say, breast cancer. But if you have 10 million samples, your statistical chances of finding the markers improve dramatically, which is why China wants to get so much of it.

Edward You: It is one-sided, though. China passed a law last year. The Chinese government has absolutely clamped down on any access to their biological data or their biological samples. So it is a one-way street.

Jon Wertheim: So, their data's not leaving China but they're sucking it in from all over the world?

Edward You: Right.

It's not just DNA, according to Bill Evanina. He and his colleagues have been tracking China as the country uses less-than-honorable methods to vacuum up all sorts of data from outside their borders.

Bill Evanina: They do it both legitimately and illegitimately. They steal some data, but they're very strategic in how they acquire it from around the world.

Jon Wertheim: You're saying at least in some cases, China's hacking to get this information.

Bill Evanina: China is number one in the world at any kind of hacking capability, and they're brazen about it.

In December, John Ratcliffe, then the director of national intelligence, went so far as to name China as the number one national security threat to America, citing specifically, their theft of data and technology.

Bill Evanina: You have probably five or six health care companies the last five years who have been, I would say, penetrated, exfiltrated, hacked by China.

Jon Wertheim: What's the likelihood you and I have been hacked by China?

Bill Evanina: 110%.

Jon Wertheim: Personal data?

Bill Evanina: Personal data. Current estimates are that 80% of American adults have had all of their personally identifiable information stolen by the Communist Party of China.

The concern is that the Chinese regime is taking all that information about us - what we eat, how we live, when we exercise and sleep - and then combining it with our DNA data. With information about heredity and environment, suddenly they know more about us than we know about ourselves and, bypassing doctors, China can target us with treatments and medicine we don't even know we need.

Edward You: Think about the dawn of-- the Internet of Things and the 5G networks and the-- and smart homes and smart cities. There are going to be sensors everywhere. It's gonna be tracking your movement, your behavior, your habits. And ultimately, it's gonna have a biological application, meaning that based on the data that gets collected, they'll be able to analyze that and look at improving your health. That data becomes incredibly relevant and very, very valuable.

Jon Wertheim: You're describing data almost as-- as a commodity.

Edward You: Data is absolutely gonna be the new oil.

All this may sound like a premise for a dystopian futuristic science fiction movie, but U.S. government officials say the picture gets even scarier given how China is already using DNA strategically against its own citizens today.

Sophie Richardson: These are some of the most serious abuses that the Chinese government has committed in modern history.

Sophie Richardson, director of the China program for Human Rights Watch, says China has rounded up more than a million Uyghurs, Chinese citizens who are a Muslim minority, and jailed them in camps. The U.S. government calls this a crime against humanity.

Sophie Richardson: They're being subjected to political indoctrination. They can't use their own language. They're not allowed to worship. Those people are highly restricted in how they can live their lives.

Jon Wertheim: This is a population under constant surveillance?

Sophie Richardson: Yeah. It's-- it's a region that's awash in surveillance technology, ranging from, you know, facial recognition software, surveillance cameras, data doors, Wi-Fi sniffers.

Part of the social control includes the forced collection of DNA. Under the guise of free physicals for Uyghurs, Richardson says China is actually collecting DNA and other biometric data that's then used specifically to identify people, target other family members and refine facial recognition software. And those, national security officials say, are just the uses we know about.

In response to the Uyghur repression, last July, the U.S. Department of Commerce sanctioned two subsidiaries of a Chinese biotech company. That company? BGI, the same one offering Washington state the COVID testing lab.

Edward You: Those companies were identified to have been facilitating the collection of genetic information of ethnic Uyghurs. If anything, that should serve as a warning signal for all of us that that is potentially what can happen if our data gets out of our hands, how it could be used.

It's not a coincidence BGI is involved in the Uyghur crisis given the company's close relationship with the communist regime. In 2010, after receiving $1.5 billion from China's government, BGI was able to expand dramatically.

Bill Evanina: They're monstrous. They have contracts with over 60 countries globally to provide not only genomic sequencing, but also to provide analytics.

Jon Wertheim: They say, "We're a private company." Are they?

Bill Evanina: There's no such thing as a private company in the Communist Party of China.

Under a series of laws unthinkable in western democracies, Chinese companies like BGI are obligated to share data with the Chinese regime. It's as if, say, Google, Amazon and Facebook had to turn over their data to the CIA, on demand.

Jon Wertheim: So you're trying to tell me that the Chinese government, whether it's biotech or-- they can say, "Hey, we want your information. Please provide it."

Bill Evanina: Absolutely. You must provide any and all data that's asked for by the Communist Party in China. Which, the scary part is, sometimes it's not all their data. If you are in a joint partnership, a joint venture, their data is now susceptible to go to the Chinese Communist Party.

As BGI touts on its own website, the company has been steadily developing partnerships with hospitals and biotech companies inside the United States, giving BGI — and by extension, the Chinese government — potential access to our DNA data, sequencing technology and analytics.

Jon Wertheim: How does BGI partner with U.S. companies?

Bill Evanina: So they do it, first of all, with money. So investment. I wanna invest $10 million, $20 million, $80 million in your company. Every company says yes, come on in. At the same time they're gonna have an unwritten rule that they're gonna be able to take that data and your sequencing capabilities. And what they don't know is China's keepin' it and they're givin' you a copy back.

BGI declined our request for an interview and said in a statement, "the notion that the genomic data of American citizens is in any way compromised through the activities of BGI in the U.S. is groundless." They said they are "a private organization" founded "to benefit human health and wellbeing."

Remember BGI's proposal to build COVID labs for the state of Washington? 60 Minutes learned that the company made similar proposals to more than five other states, including New York and California…. And, after federal officials warned against partnering with BGI, each state said no to BGI's labs.

It's not just China that's recognized what a valuable commodity your DNA can be. As you'll hear: some of the fastest-growing U.S. tech companies are in this space, as well. In fact, you may have already surrendered your DNA by spitting in a tube.

#china #fifth generational warfare #geopolitics #wuhan virology lab #covid-19 #biological WMD

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letimmigration12345 · 4 years ago

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Guideline for IELTS Exam Preparation

What is IELTS?

IELTS (International English Language Test), around 25 years ago a standard exam was set up and today more than 140 nationsfollows as their compulsory exam for testing the English Language Knowledge. If a person wants to study or live in English speaking environment, this test is compulsory for them, IELTS has been recognizing as their certification for knowledge of the English language. It has been recognized by many academic institutes, workplaces and also for immigration to get through IELTS has become a mandatory process.

There are several types of IELTS tests conducted for every field, so this test remains unbiased for the knowledge testing of the candidate. IELTS test is totally different from other tests, it covers listening, writing, reading and speaking of candidates. It has been the only test giving fool coverage for applicants. IELTS test tests your knowledge about English to its core.

Test Format of IELTS:

IELTS tests divided into 4 parts, Listening, Writing, Reading and Speaking.

Listening:

Duration – 30 Minutes

Question – 40, summarized in 4 sections

This test checks the hearing understanding of the candidate, how much one can grab by hearing to different accent recording. Four recording sets are played for the applicants which are containing different types of conversation, the people should check their knowledge before appearing for the test.

First Recording- Discussion between two people in an everyday life

Second Recording – Speech or relating lecture

Third Recording – Chat among a group of people like group discussion on an educational trip

Fourth Recording – Academic lecture like a lecture of class

Speaking:

Duration – 11 to 14 minutes, comprised of 3 parts

All three parts contain general questions, a particular topic and a more briefed question will be asked by the examiner and you will have to answer in a given time. Performance is tested on the quality of words that you used at the time of answer.

Reading:

Content- 40 question for 2 long texts

It consists of 2 parts, the first part is IELTS academic tests, and the second part is IELTS general training tests. Latter is based on your daily life encounter that may you face if you work in an English speaking environment.

Writing:

Duration – 60 minutes, divided into 2 parts

This test is the same as reading tests, divided into 2 parts first is the academic and the second one is the general test. For academic test 2 types of data are provided to the examiner

First – Static Data

Second – To write an Essay

And for the general test, you may ask about the general of formal topics to write and the last part of this section is a simple response against any arguments.

Why IELTS Test?

Well, everyone must be thinking about why one may need to pass the IELTS test and why it’s needed? The answer is to check their English Language Knowledge. Other few reasons one can need to prepare for IELTS are:

IELTS for Migration: Be it Australia, Canada, New Zealand or Europe, you must need to pass the IELTS exam to seek a visa from any country. If one wants to settle in an English country, he/she should be aware of the conversational language of the country to communicate with people.

IELTS for Study: Want to enrol in foreign universities for post-graduation, under graduation or internship IELTS test is compulsory. Most of the universities accept general training or academic tests. Sometimes University decides the admission of students purely on basis of the IELTS score.

IELTS for Work: Even when it comes to working professional like accounting, engineering, law, construction, healthcare all of them started hiring people who have qualified for the IELTS exams. So, one has to clear the IELTS to get a job in a foreign country.

#immigration Canada New Zeland Garmany

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newstfionline · 5 years ago

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Headlines

State police returning to Portland following deadly shooting (AP) Oregon State Police will return to Portland to help local authorities after the fatal shooting of a man following clashes between President Donald Trump supporters and counter-protesters that led to an argument between the president and the city’s mayor over who was to blame for the violence. Trump and other speakers at last week’s Republican National Convention evoked a violent, dystopian future if Democratic presidential hopeful Joe Biden wins in November and pointed to Portland as a cautionary tale for what would be in store for Americans.

Snapped Poles, Shredded Roofs: A Long Road to Recovery After Laura (NYT) Hurricane Laura ravaged southwestern Louisiana, leaving weary residents to assess the toll and map a way forward. The damage the storm inflicted was so severe that it will be an immense undertaking just to clear debris. But beyond the physical labor, residents were also stepping into the thicket of bureaucracy that follows a hurricane, with insurance claims and applications for government aid. Officials said that roughly 368,000 customers in the state remained without electricity. Some 17,000 linemen were at work on repairs, but they had a lot to tackle: some 500 transmission towers were destroyed or damaged. In some places, utility companies said, it could be at least four weeks before electricity is restored. CoreLogic, an analytics firm in Irvine, Calif., estimated that the hurricane had caused insured losses of $8 billion to $12 billion. “The story here is going to be the wind damage,” said Curtis McDonald, a meteorologist with the firm.

Burning (NYT) According to researchers, somewhere between 4.4 million and 11.8 million acres in modern-day California burned every year in the earlier times. When people started moving there, and building there, and understandably preferring that their homes not burn, those natural fires were stopped. From 1982 to 1998, land managers in California burned on average 30,000 acres per year, which dropped to 13,000 acres from 1999 to 2017. The backlog is deadly, and one reason the state has become a powder-keg. A February 2020 study published in Nature Sustainability found California would need to burn 20 million acres to become stable.

A Zoom Thanksgiving? (AP) As the Summer of COVID draws to a close, many experts fear an even bleaker fall and suggest that American families should start planning for Thanksgiving by Zoom. Because of the many uncertainties, public health scientists say it’s easier to forecast the weather on Thanksgiving Day than to predict how the U.S. coronavirus crisis will play out this autumn. But school reopenings, holiday travel and more indoor activity because of colder weather could all separately increase transmission of the virus and combine in ways that could multiply the threat, they say. Here’s one way it could go: As more schools open for in-person instruction and more college students return to campuses, small clusters of cases could widen into outbreaks in late September. Public fatigue over mask rules and other restrictions could stymie efforts to slow these infections. A few weeks later, widening outbreaks could start to strain hospitals. If a bad flu season peaks in October, as happened in 2009, the pressure on the health care system could result in higher daily death tolls from the coronavirus.

Rethinking their slogan (Foreign Policy) The latest casualty of the coronavirus pandemic is the long-time slogan of popular U.S. fast food company Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC). The slogan, “it’s finger lickin’ good,” has been used by the company on-and-off for 64 years, but KFC announced last week that it is suspending the slogan because it is no longer appropriate in the current health-conscious environment. Health experts discourage people from touching their faces in order to prevent the spread of the coronavirus, and users on social media criticized KFC for implicitly promoting unhealthy habits in its marketing campaigns. The company rolled out an advertisement in the United Kingdom and Ireland that ended with the tagline: “That thing we always say? Ignore it. For now.”

India’s economy contracts by nearly 24 percent amid pandemic (Washington Post) India’s economic output shrank by nearly 24 percent in the most recent quarter, the worst contraction since records began and the largest such drop of any major economy during the coronavirus pandemic. The stunning decline reflects the economic toll of India’s nationwide lockdown and illustrates the depth of the challenge now facing Indian policymakers as they grapple both with a hobbled economy and a raging pandemic. India is currently adding the largest number of new coronavirus cases per day of any country in the world. The Indian economy has not contracted for two consecutive quarters—the definition of a recession—in 40 years. Now the country appears certain to experience a recession and possibly one of unprecedented severity. That kind of economic slump would be devastating in a country like India, where 9 out of 10 workers have no job protections or unemployment insurance, leaving them with almost no safety net.

Indian army says foils Chinese attempt to encroach over disputed border (Reuters) Indian troops foiled an attempt by Chinese troops to encroach over the disputed and ill-defined border in the western Himalayas, the Indian army said on Monday, in a fresh flare-up between the two nuclear-armed countries. Pre-emptive action by the Indian troops was enough to deter the Chinese troops, and the confrontation did not escalate into a clash between the two sides, an Indian military official, who requested anonymity, told Reuters. China rejected any breach of the border by the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) troops, but tensions between the two armies in the freezing snow deserts of the Ladakh region have been running high for several months.

Backing the monarchy in Thailand (Foreign Policy) Protesters gathered in a stadium in the Thai capital of Bangkok on Sunday to rally in support of the monarchy following massive student-led anti-government demonstrations in recent weeks. The event, which attracted around 1,200 people, was organized by the newly-formed pro-monarchy group Loyal Thai. “We insist that the country’s conflicts stem from politicians,” said Warong Dechgitvigrom, a prominent right-wing politician who founded the group. “The monarchy institution has no part in governing the country. The institution is the morale support that connects the people together.” Anti-government protesters have defied draconian laws against criticizing the monarchy in recent weeks to take to the streets to demand the ouster of Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha, fresh elections, and a new constitution that would limit the powers of the monarchy.

Facial recognition and bathtime bookings: How China’s universities are reopening (Reuters) As COVID-19 cases in China sink to new lows, the world’s largest population of university students is heading back to campus in a migration defined by lockdowns, patriotic education and cutting-edge surveillance equipment. The highly choreographed return comes as Chinese universities revert to in-person instruction for the fall semester after months of pandemic controls. Some universities have strict rules governing how students eat, bathe and travel. Students in Beijing, Nanjing and Shanghai told Reuters that they must submit detailed movement reports and stay on campus. At the same time, government procurement documents show dozens of universities have purchased “epidemic control” surveillance systems based on facial recognition, contact tracing and temperature checks. There are more than 20 million university students in China, and most live on campus in shared dorm rooms, presenting a challenge for health authorities. On Chinese social media, students have chafed at the controls, which mirror restrictions on the wider population during the height of the outbreak in March.

With a Wary Eye on China, Taiwan Moves to Revamp Its Military (NYT) China’s growing aggression across Asia in recent months has created fears that it may make brash moves in Taiwan, the South China Sea or elsewhere. The ruling Communist Party’s recent crackdown on dissent and activism in Hong Kong, a former British colony that has long been a bastion of democratic values, has added to those concerns. Beijing’s posturing has forced Taiwan, an island of 24 million, to re-examine with new urgency whether it is prepared for a confrontation, the possibility of which now seems less remote. But there are questions about its readiness to defend its people—with or without the help of the United States. “I have to be honest: Taiwan’s military needs to improve a lot,” Wang Ting-yu, a member of Parliament’s foreign affairs and defense committee, said in a telephone interview. Taiwan’s leaders have been moving to shake up the military and increase spending. Military tensions across the Taiwan Strait have surged in recent months as Taiwan has increasingly become a focal point in the confrontation between China and the United States.

New prime minister in Lebanon (Foreign Policy) Mustapha Adib, Lebanon’s current ambassador to Germany, is set to become the country’s next prime minister as it continues to grapple with one of its worst crises since the end of the civil war in 1990. Adib won support from all of the major parties on Sunday, as well as from former prime ministers including Saad al-Hariri. He will be designated prime minister today just before a crucial visit from French President Emmanuel Macron.

Israeli, U.S. officials on historic flight to UAE to formalize normalization deal (Reuters) Top aides to U.S. President Donald Trump and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu made a historic first flight from Tel Aviv to the United Arab Emirates on Monday to finalize a pact marking open relations between the Gulf power and Israel. Even before discussions start in Abu Dhabi, the delegates made aviation history when the Israeli commercial airliner flew over Saudi territory on the direct flight from Tel Aviv to the UAE capital. Announced on Aug. 13, the normalization deal is the first such accommodation between an Arab country and Israel in more than 20 years and was catalyzed largely by shared fears of Iran.

#headlines #news

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bonjourmoncher · 6 years ago

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Securities fraud litigation is used when a business or individual commits fraud related to securities investing. This type of fraud can cost investors billions of dollars, especially when it’s linked to a corporation.

Unfortunately, incidents of securities fraud seem to be on the rise, which is why it’s so important to understand your risk as an investor and find an experienced securities fraud legal expert to help you if you are a victim.

What is Securities Fraud?

Securities fraud can come in a variety of forms but is a white collar crime that most often involves the misrepresentation of information to investors in order to affect their decisions. Some acts of fraud are committed in an effort to manipulate the financial markets.

Securities fraud can be committed by a stockbroker, a broker firm, or an investment bank.

Examples of securities fraud might include:

Breach of fiduciary duty

Failure to supervise

Misrepresentation of investment

Omissions of material facts

Unauthorized trading

Ponzi schemes

Churning

Pyramid schemes

Advanced fee schemes

Foreign currency fraud

Broker embezzlement

Hedge fund-related fraud

High yield investment fraud

Manipulating stock prices

Lying on SEC filing forms

Committing accounting fraud

Late day trading

According to the FBI, securities fraud might be linked to high-pressure investment tactics or unsolicited offers and investors should beware if they believe either of these is occurring.

Scholars have counted 148 financial meltdowns since 1870 where a country’s economy has shrunk by ten percent or more. This confirms that booms and busts can be a feature of our economic system, but this recent meltdown went beyond disrupting the way Wall Street made money. Recent investors securities fraud robbed millions of everyday people of their livelihood, their homes, and their retirements.

Check Out Our Securities Fraud Pages:

Auction Rate Securities

Auction Rate Securities Collapse Litigation

Goldman Sachs Securities Litigation

Insider Trading

IPO Litigation

Madoff Securities Investment Fraud

Sarbanes-Oxley Act

Securities Fraud Attorneys

Securities Fraud Lawyers

Waldman-v-Wachovia Auction Rate Securities Case

The Birth of Securitization

Financial Terms Glossary

Investors Securities Fraud

What Kind of Help Might a Securities Fraud Lawyer Provide?

If you’ve been a victim of an investment fraud scheme, a securities fraud lawyer might be able to help.

When you work with a securities fraud lawyer, he or she might:

Review and assess financial statements and determine if securities fraud occurred

Determine the value of the damages that occurred

Gather testimony from financial experts regarding securities fraud and your case

File a Statement of Claim with FINRA describing the inappropriate behavior or violation of fiduciary duty and the loss it caused you

Gather documents relevant to your claim

Submit evidence to FINRA in support of the allegations of securities fraud

Represent you at the final FINRA hearing

Financial advisors are required by law to understand their client’s risk tolerance and investment objectives before providing any advice. They must also disclose all information related to an investment and explain all risk associated with that investment.

If your financial advisor failed to do any of these things, you might have a case. A securities fraud lawyer can discuss your situation with you and help you determine your next best step.

Questions to Ask a Securities Fraud Attorney

If you believe you have been a victim of an investment scheme, it’s important to contact a securities fraud attorney. The experience of meeting with an attorney can be intimidating, especially if you aren’t sure a crime was committed or you don’t know how to describe your situation.

An experienced securities fraud attorney can ask you questions about your case and help you determine where you stand and what you should do. During the consultation, it’s important to assess the attorney’s experience and skills, and to determine how comfortable you feel working with the attorney.

Some of the questions you should ask a securities fraud attorney include:

Is the primary focus of your practice on investment and securities fraud?

Are you a FINRA attorney?

How familiar are you with the latest fraud schemes?

Does your experience include securities fraud cases similar to mine?

What is your experience with and success rate in FINRA arbitration cases?

Do you believe I have a strong case?

As a victim of securities fraud, you’re likely feeling a variety of emotions and you are concerned about your financial well-being. A securities fraud attorney might be able to help you sort through the detail of your case and determine whether or not a crime was committed. If you’d like to learn more or discuss a potential case, contact us to schedule a consultation.

Regulatory Changes Afoot

The SEC plans to enhance its disclosure review and investors securities policy operations through the development of three new offices. This broader oversight will focus on large financial institutions, asset-backed securities and other structured products, and securities offering trends.

Despite tighter oversight promised by the SEC, investors securities fraud remains a problem. Read how to protect yourself. If you have been a victim, please fill out this form and let us help.

We Support Victims of Investors Securities Fraud

��Investors securities fraud takes on many forms: It involves deceptive practices used to artificially inflate (or depress) the price of a security, entice investors to make decisions to purchase or sell investments, or manipulate the market for a given security. Read Birth of Securitization.

Originally, investors securities fraud protection came from the states in blue sky laws (starting in 1911) enacted to regulate the offering and sale of securities. However, the blue sky laws were often ignored or by-passed without a consistent federal standard. Because more protection was needed, Congress then passed the following acts:

Congress passed the Securities Act of 1933 to increase public trust in capital markets. Also known as the “Truth in Securities Act” or “Federal Securities Act.”

A year later, Congress passed the Securities Exchange Act regulating secondary trading of securities; that is, trading between individuals and companies not involving the original security issuers. This Act spawned the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to enforce the federal securities laws and regulate the securities industry.

The SEC’s authority and oversight were expanded by later acts, including the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, the Investment Act of 1940, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and the Credit Rating Agency Reform Act of 2006.

The SEC includes five commissioners with terms staggered so that one commissioner’s term ends on June 5 each year. While the commissioners are politically appointed by the President of the United States, no more than three may be from the same political party. One of the five commissioners is appointed Chairman. In 1934, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt appointed Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. as the SEC’s initial Chairman.

Some common forms of investors securities fraud where business fraud attorneys, like Seeger Weiss, are most beneficial are described below:

Accountant fraud occurs when public accounting firms falsify or recklessly disregard false financial reports on behalf of their corporate clients leading to a false impression of the company’s financial status. The price of the company’s securities is affected by the false financial reports and represents a form of securities fraud.

Insider trading is the exchange of stocks or other securities by those with non-public information about a company. Originally the definition referred to trading done by company officers, directors, and owners of more than 10 percent of a class of securities. The definition has become more expansive in application and may refer to any individual who knowingly trades securities based on non-public information violating the corporation’s trust to shareholders. The violation of trust to corporate shareholders—someone with non-public information breaches a fiduciary responsibility to company shareholders—is the key issue in affecting whether illegal insider trading has occurred.

Internet securities fraud, a form of market manipulation, is usually found in “pump-and-dump” schemes. Pump-and-dump schemes involve placing false and/or fraudulent information on the Internet with the purpose of influencing the price of securities. For example, information is disseminated positively influencing the prices of a stock that is then dumped by investors responsible for the false and/or fraudulent information before the price falls to lower levels. The investors’ profit is derived by manipulating the price of stocks with fraudulent information.

Microcap securities fraud involves stocks with a market capitalization under $250 million that are generally traded on the OTC Bulletin Board and Pink Sheets Electronic Quotation Service. Many microcap stocks trade below $5 a share as penny stocks. Many forms of microcap stock fraud exist, but the more common techniques are pump and dump schemes and selling of “chop stocks.” Chop stocks are purchased for pennies and then sold to unwary investors at dollars a share. “Boiler rooms” pursue microcap stock fraud techniques using telesales to pressure clients into fraudulent trades.

Disclosure claims are actions by investors against publicly traded corporations where corporate officials have failed to disclose the true state of the company’s financial and business affairs to its investors. In today’s exchange-based securities trading environment, information disseminated to the market by companies and their officials often has a dramatic impact on the price of that company’s stock. Where that information is complete, accurate, and timely revealed, the impact of the disclosure of that information on the price of a security, or the value of a person’s investment, is part and parcel of the investment process. Where information has been only selectively or falsely disclosed such that a misleading picture has been painted, investors may have been wronged.

Investors in securities need to be on the guard against victimization from securities fraud. Accordingly, the securities fraud lawyers at Hamilton Lindley might be able to assist victims of securities investors fraud if there are improper and illegal securities practices occurring. If you have been a victim of securities fraud, please contact the securities fraud attorneys at Hamilton Lindley.

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faean · 5 years ago

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A Solitary Paradise

Author’s Note: This is a bit of a special work, dedicated to the illustrious @xmalereader. A simple request of a unique utopia featuring an owl, and with the creative freedom to do as I please (a freedom I intend to abuse). Now, without further ado, I present- “A Solitary Paradise”.

P.S.- I do apologize if the note sounded somewhat sarcastic; I am afraid that is simply how I speak/write, and am trying to work on avoiding it (not really, but eh).

P.P.S.- I got far too carried away writing this, so I believe my writer’s block to be gone. I thank you for this.

------

“Your owl is acting macabre, again.”

“And again, I don’t know what an ‘owl’ is. It’s an artificial intelligence designated-”

“Yeah, yeah. I know, he is one of your metal constructs birthed to ‘scan and interpret foreign entities and languages.’ And do not bother with the ‘designation’ anymore; we cannot fully understand some aspects of each other’s languages. I think the fundamental differences of our respective realms-”

“Two weeks we’ve been traveling together, and I still can’t get over the way you speak. I figured a realm of pure magic and no science would be backwards.”

“The same could be said of your realm of science with no magic, not to mention the casual way you speak. Regardless, both our realms managed interdimensional travel and determined this place to be the only utopia to exist in every foreseeable timeline. Now, if we could continue with our venture, I would prefer to spend this night under a roof.”

The one of science nodded, and their contraption flew up to roost on their shoulder before the two beings resumed their search for the utopian society. It was a peculiar situation the two found themselves in. They were both sent to this timeline in search of the supposed paradise in hopes of learning from them and applying that knowledge to better their own societies, but neither would be allowed to return until they acquired that knowledge.

---

Science and Magic, respectively. Both were mere concepts and fairytales in the opposing worlds, but both progressed along a similar trajectory, resulting in the simultaneous discovery and utilization of interdimensional travel. Whereas one relied heavily on devices and the aid of artificial intelligences to learn of the new realm, the other relied solely on spells and chants to do the same; there were few, if any, things that one could accomplish that the other could not.

It took mere moments upon their meeting of one another to realize they speak the same language, but had entirely different environments that led to disparate cultures, writing, mannerisms, and even flora and fauna.

Science saw generic and genetically similar flora while Magic experienced diverse creations of the earth.

Where science studied and experimented on their limited fauna born of evolutionary mutations, Magic raised and thrived alongside the myriad of creatures birthed by their deities.

When Science took to the stars and encountered new life, expanding their own knowledge of the fundamental aspects of the universe, Magic embraced the vast unknown and welcomed every creation who wished to share their travels of the void.

But how they ended up in the same situation is still a mystery. The governments of both worlds are mismanaged to the point of war and collapse; every illness they could possibly face exists; the environments of both are beginning to wither; and whispers of a bloody revolution are everywhere.

This utopian society is their final, most desperate, hope for change...and neither can afford to fail.

---

“This... This isn’t what I expected.”

“Nor I. Perhaps we made a misjudgment of our whereabouts. Let us find lodging, and we can rectify this. I believe this is the-”

“Ah! Visitors! Welcome, welcome! It has been too long since we have seen some new faces. What may I call you two handsome men?” The attendant of the inn asked.

“Handsome?”

“Men?”

The two were beyond confused, but what perplexed them most was not the already asinine chances of sharing a language with yet another realm, it was the utter lack of a visible utopia.

The one of science was already reviewing his calculations, while the one of magic attempted every spell of clarity he had to shed some light. Both came to the same result.

They were in the right place. Then, if they were in the utopia, why did it look so... Not utopian?

The one of science expected a walled castle town of lights and technological marvels, with an equally technologically minded government ruling it. Instead, the sky was lively with what he could only assume is magic.

As for the one of magic, he hoped for a sprawling city of bountiful magic and divine blessings, with a government as equally blessed advising it. But then the streets would not be bustling with what he could only imagine is science.

“I take it you two came from the realms that run parallel to ours, no? Let me guess... You,” the attendant pointed to the one of science with his mechanical bird, “are from the dimension that has only science. And you,” the attendant pointed to the one of magic with his intricate markings, “are from the one with only magic, no?”

The two merely nodded, taken aback by their situation.

“And, I presume you are both here in search of a utopian society, no?” They nodded, again. “I can assure you that you are not the first, nor will you be the last, to come here in search of answers. So, let me get you two some drinks and food, and I shall answer any questions you have.”

With that, the attendant led the two to a table before going off to get their provisions. They used this time to formulate and consult, wanting to ensure they got all the information they needed.

“All right, here you two boys are. Now, questions. One at a time please.”

The one of science asked first. “What did you mean by 'handsome’? My A.I. can’t find it in its databases, and we’ve catalogued most everything known, including every adjective for describing, well, anything.”

“I imagine so, it is something best understood by magic. A single word can evoke emotions and thoughts never before experienced, flooding you with warmth. Your realm knows only the practical and technical applications of the mind.”

The one of magic asked next. “And what had you meant by ‘men’? I am aware of the physical differences between creations that allow for reproduction, but we have no such descriptor.”

“So I had thought, it is something known best by science. The biological, physical differences that exist within a species that allow for diversity in an otherwise stagnate genetic pool. Your realm feels only the iridescent beauty of the soul.”

The two blinked first in astonishment, then again in confusion. The one of magic voiced their concern.

“I apologize for any misunderstandings, but you did not exactly answer our questions. I also do not see what the mind and soul have to do with us, nor with our search in what makes a utopia. So, I ask what makes this place, so vastly different from our own, the only society to be such?!”

“Feisty.”

The attendant eyed the one of science knowingly before turning back to the one of magic. “The two of you truly are handsome, and are definitely men.” The attendant said with a slight purr, looking the two over. “You question whether I gave you an answer. And you ask why we exist so harmoniously when your respective worlds are on the brink of destruction. Let me ask one thing before I give you two your answer- Why do you think your worlds need this knowledge?”

Once more were the two travelers taken aback, and several minutes went by in complete silence as they thought. And as several more minutes passed without a word being said, a sigh of defeat broke the quiet night.

“You do not know why, as you should not know why we are a utopia.” The attendant leant back into the seat, crossing his arms after moving his hair out of his face. “But I shall-”

“I have had enough of your cryptic ‘answers’!” The one of magic slammed his fists on the table, magic escaping from them and scattering the drinks and food. “My home is dying and you have the gall to speak to me in such a manner?!”

Riled by his companion’s behavior, the one of science spoke out, too. “He’s right! Trillions of lives are at stake and you sit there, smug and unyielding! How can this realm be a solitary paradise when all you’ve done is treat us like children?!”

The attendant smiled, sitting up and leaning forward, his hands laced beneath his chin. “Heart.”

“And just what-”

“That was what I was waiting for. For the two of you to reveal your hearts to me, as that is what your worlds are missing. You each understand the laws of your respective universes, but only through the lens of one aspect of life. While you both need the understanding the other possesses, you would still be fundamentally incomplete without heart. Something you only just now began to embrace.”

“So... We need to learn about each other’s perspective, and about heart, but...” Turning to his A.I., the one of science pouted. “How would we do that? We spent eons learning our universe, how are we supposed to learn about two others and save our realms in time?”

“I find myself apologizing again. I only wish to aid my people, but he speaks the truth. How are we to learn of two societies histories, especially when all are so vastly different?” The one of magic settled down, concern lacing his face.

“It is simple. The two of you shall remain here, studying intently to gain the understanding you desire. Until then, you cannot return to your worlds to share the knowledge here, though I imagine you would be unable to, regardless.” The attendant stood before beckoning them to follow. “I will be happy to share what I can until that time comes.”

The two followed, a single thought at the forefront of their minds:

Anything for my people.

------

Well, that is all I could do in two days time. I would like to thank @xmalereader again for helping me with my writer’s block, as well as giving me the chance to do something a bit more my pace. I hope everyone enjoys this!

#special order?#requested works #and #original works #enjoy you heathens

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mostlysignssomeportents · 6 years ago

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#5yrsago What David Cameron just proposed would endanger every Briton and destroy the IT industry

David Cameron says there should be no "means of communication" which "we cannot read" -- and no doubt many in his party will agree with him, politically. But if they understood the technology, they would be shocked to their boots.

What David Cameron thinks he's saying is, "We will command all the software creators we can reach to introduce back-doors into their tools for us." There are enormous problems with this: there's no back door that only lets good guys go through it. If your Whatsapp or Google Hangouts has a deliberately introduced flaw in it, then foreign spies, criminals, crooked police (like those who fed sensitive information to the tabloids who were implicated in the hacking scandal -- and like the high-level police who secretly worked for organised crime for years), and criminals will eventually discover this vulnerability. They -- and not just the security services -- will be able to use it to intercept all of our communications. That includes things like the pictures of your kids in your bath that you send to your parents to the trade secrets you send to your co-workers.

But this is just for starters. David Cameron doesn't understand technology very well, so he doesn't actually know what he's asking for.

For David Cameron's proposal to work, he will need to stop Britons from installing software that comes from software creators who are out of his jurisdiction. The very best in secure communications are already free/open source projects, maintained by thousands of independent programmers around the world. They are widely available, and thanks to things like cryptographic signing, it is possible to download these packages from any server in the world (not just big ones like Github) and verify, with a very high degree of confidence, that the software you've downloaded hasn't been tampered with.

Cameron is not alone here. The regime he proposes is already in place in countries like Syria, Russia, and Iran (for the record, none of these countries have had much luck with it). There are two means by which authoritarian governments have attempted to restrict the use of secure technology: by network filtering and by technology mandates.

David Cameron has already shown that he believes he can order the nation's ISPs to block access to certain websites (again, for the record, this hasn't worked very well). The next step is to order Chinese-style filtering using deep packet inspection, to try and distinguish traffic and block forbidden programs. This is a formidable technical challenge. Intrinsic to core Internet protocols like IPv4/6, TCP and UDP is the potential to "tunnel" one protocol inside another. This makes the project of figuring out whether a given packet is on the white-list or the black-list transcendentally hard, especially if you want to minimise the number of "good" sessions you accidentally blackhole.

More ambitious is a mandate over which code operating systems in the UK are allowed to execute. This is very hard indeed. We do have, in Apple's Ios platform and various games consoles, a regime where a single company uses countermeasures to ensure that only software it has blessed can run on the devices it sells to us. These companies could, indeed, be compelled (by an act of Parliament) to block secure software. Even there, you'd have to contend with the fact that other EU states and countries like the USA are unlikely to follow suit, and that means that anyone who bought her Iphone in Paris or New York could come to the UK with all their secure software intact and send messages "we cannot read."

But there is the problem of more open platforms, like GNU/Linux variants, BSD and other unixes, Mac OS X, and all the non-mobile versions of Windows. All of these operating systems are already designed to allow users to execute any code they want to run. The commercial operators -- Apple and Microsoft -- might conceivably be compelled by Parliament to change their operating systems to block secure software in the future, but that doesn't do anything to stop people from using all the PCs now in existence to run code that the PM wants to ban.

More difficult is the world of free/open operating systems like GNU/Linux and BSD. These operating systems are the gold standard for servers, and widely used on desktop computers (especially by the engineers and administrators who run the nation's IT). There is no legal or technical mechanism by which code that is designed to be modified by its users can co-exist with a rule that says that code must treat its users as adversaries and seek to prevent them from running prohibited code.

This, then, is what David Cameron is proposing:

* All Britons' communications must be easy for criminals, voyeurs and foreign spies to intercept

* Any firms within reach of the UK government must be banned from producing secure software

* All major code repositories, such as Github and Sourceforge, must be blocked

* Search engines must not answer queries about web-pages that carry secure software

* Virtually all academic security work in the UK must cease -- security research must only take place in proprietary research environments where there is no onus to publish one's findings, such as industry R&D and the security services

* All packets in and out of the country, and within the country, must be subject to Chinese-style deep-packet inspection and any packets that appear to originate from secure software must be dropped

* Existing walled gardens (like Ios and games consoles) must be ordered to ban their users from installing secure software

* Anyone visiting the country from abroad must have their smartphones held at the border until they leave

* Proprietary operating system vendors (Microsoft and Apple) must be ordered to redesign their operating systems as walled gardens that only allow users to run software from an app store, which will not sell or give secure software to Britons

* Free/open source operating systems -- that power the energy, banking, ecommerce, and infrastructure sectors -- must be banned outright

David Cameron will say that he doesn't want to do any of this. He'll say that he can implement weaker versions of it -- say, only blocking some "notorious" sites that carry secure software. But anything less than the programme above will have no material effect on the ability of criminals to carry on perfectly secret conversations that "we cannot read". If any commodity PC or jailbroken phone can run any of the world's most popular communications applications, then "bad guys" will just use them. Jailbreaking an OS isn't hard. Downloading an app isn't hard. Stopping people from running code they want to run is -- and what's more, it puts the whole nation -- individuals and industry -- in terrible jeopardy.

(Image: Facepalm, Brandon Grasley, CC-BY)

https://boingboing.net/2015/01/13/what-david-cameron-just-propos.html

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irarelypostanything · 6 years ago

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HBO’s Silicon Valley - “making the world a better place”

I interned at a San Francisco tech company for all of 12 weeks (which obviously isn’t Silicon Valley, but I like to think that it is), and I still get nostalgic about the aesthetically-pleasing open office layout, the free food, and the inner-garden. People at my current company might complain that an open bar, a music room, and an arcade are all unnecessary for people who mostly just want to do work and/or write code, but obviously this attitude comes from a place of jealousy.

A friend who got hired onto their HR team told me they moved next door to an even bigger office, where they now control a petting zoo.

I’ve just rewatched the first two episodes of HBO’s Silicon Valley, and it’s a long journey that I’m sad will be coming to an end. It’s actually a lot about two contrasting characters, Richard and Big Head, and how extremely unhappy they are in spite of their surrounding colorful office, a workspace with sleeping pods, visible free snacks, an outer campus that looks a bit like Facebook’s, and an environment that looks active and biker-friendly. Surrounded by all that, they both try to look for an out. ��Richard, who likely makes a good salary, can’t afford to live in the valley and is at risk of losing his living space; Big Head, meanwhile, seems to hate everything about his company and town.

*Spoilers*

I think we all fantasize a bit about being Richard, a bullied, uncharismatic, unhappy young software engineer who suddenly faces the prospect of becoming a millionaire overnight--and not because he finds out he’s a prince, like the trope usually goes, but because underneath a clunky UI he made and a website with no practical business application is an algorithm he invented that has ridiculous implications.

I think we all fantasize a bit about being Big Head, too, a mediocre engineer who demonstrates little to no technical ability but somehow gets endless promotions out of sheer luck.

Silicon Valley is about the beauty and prestige of one real place, and the hollow narcissism and greed that lies beneath the surface. But like any good show, it’s nuanced in its approach. Some characters are horrible, some characters have morals, most have a moral code that’s challenged...and they struggle, backstab, buy out, and carry out a number of legal and illegal dealings to get ahead. Sounds a bit like Game of Thrones, with characters who have the charisma of Billions characters and the technical ability of Mr. Robot characters, but there’s one thing that makes it stand out:

It just doesn’t take itself that seriously. It kind of intentionally “pulls its emotional punches.” Even horrible events like death, prompted by the actual and tragic death of an actor, are downplayed in a tongue-and-cheek sort of way. In fact, the number of issues it covers is a bit crazy. It goes over AI, exploitation of foreign laborers, cybersecurity, illegal foreign policy actions, an entire season in which Richard shows he’s ruthless enough to code malware that actually injures people for the purpose of his single-minded goal...

...and it always manages to be funny, because it knows that it’s a comedy that doesn’t try to make you cry. It just kind of makes fun of Silicon Valley.

Richard really does want to make the world a better place, but he gets so focused on his goal of promoting technology products that he willingly exploits other people whom he deems inferior, whether because he thinks their applications are useless (unnecessary pizza “update”) or if he thinks their code is rushed and inferior (the devices he hacks at a conference). Jared is a moral point of reference and a voice of reason; Peter Gregory shows more moral value than anyone before his character arc abruptly ends; Barker cares mostly about shareholders, Belson cares about Belson, and Gilfoyle, an unkind, racist, bigoted, extraordinarily arrogant system architect and network engineer who literally worships Satan, demonstrates a surprising amount of moral character and a deep understanding of human history.

Where will we end up? I don’t know.

But I’m excited to find out.

#silicon valley #hbo #20-minute freewrite #hbos silicon valley

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saraswationlines-blog · 5 years ago

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Benefits of Studying MBBS in China

Every student has to take a right step in his career after completion of his school. So, choosing the right career option is essential, that’s why one should carefully decide which degree is best for him for a successful future. when the student decides to study MBBS, he should consider a few things before choosing MBBS to study.

• Whether he wants to study MBBS in his own country • If he chooses MBBS abroad, if so, then which country is best to study MBBS.

When the students decide to study MBBS in a different country, then they should know that China is the best country to study MBBS. MBBS admission in China is a great destination for quality education at an affordable study cost.

China has worked hard to make itself a global destination for international MBBS admission. The Chinese government has budget to set up worldclass infrastructure and quality education service for the students across the world who wish to pursue

MBBS in China

. There are number of benefits for which the students from all across the world wish to take MBBS admission in China.

Top medical universities for MBBS admission in China-

•

Jinan University • Southwest (Luzhou) Medical University • Nanfang (Southern) Medical University • Nanjing Medical University • Shantou University Medical College • Fujian Medical University • Dali University • Nanchang University • Jilin University • China Medical University • Dalian Medical University • Capital Medical University • Tianjin Medical University • Shandong Medical University • Fudan University • Xinjiang Medical University • Nanjing Medical University • Jiangsu University

Benefits of MBBS admission in China:

China as a country is one of the oldest civilisation of the world with rich culture and educational tradition. China is the country where students study modern medicine along with the traditional Chinese medicine. That’s why a number of students from all over the world take

MBBS admission in China

and the number of international students is increasing every year.

Recognition-

The medical colleges of China are mostly work as government undertaking. The international MBBS program in Chinese medical colleges/ universities are approved by MCI (Medical Council of India), enlisted with WHO (World Health Organization)’s Directory of World Medical Schools. The International MBBS degree is acceptable all over the world. Hence, the graduates can attend medical screening tests such as USMLE, PLAB, AMC, MCI, PMDC, HPCSA, SCHS, etc.

Affordable Study Cost-

As medical colleges are Government, the MBBS admission in China is very affordable for international students. The total duration of MBBS in China is 6 years including 1-year internship, the total cost is around 20 lakhs, where in India the study cost of MBBS from a private medical college is approx. 60 Lakhs. This difference makes the students to take MBBS admission in the medical universities in China. The hostel fees, food and other expenses are very affordable for international students.

Infrastructure:

China as a country is very modern and updated with its time. The Chinese government has put a lot of effort to make the country an attractive destination for MBBS admission in China, a global destination with world class infrastructure, modern technology and highly qualified and experienced faculties to teach the international students.

Internship opportunity:

MBBS admission in China gives an opportunity to do internship in China. The hospitals for internship have an infrastructure with modern technology, improved machines and a clean environment. So, practising internship in Chinese medical universities gives an opportunity for international students to learn, helps them to develop a communication skill with local Chinese patients so as hands on practice. The senior doctors are always available to support you in any problem.

Special Guidance:

Study MBBS in China gives another opportunity to prepare for FMGE (Foreign Medical Graduation Examination), which is mandatory for the international students to get registration in India. The medical colleges of China give special attention to the international students so that they can pass the FMGE at one attempt. As a result, the passing rate in FMGE is much higher than the international students coming from other countries like Ukraine or Kyrgyzstan.

Security:

For security purpose, China is one of the safest country in the world. For international students China is the best option to study MBBS. Students roaming at 11pm in the city for food freely. China as a country has zero crime, MBBS admission in China would be the safest option for studying in a foreign country.

International Exposure:

While studying MBBS, the international students get introduced to the new world, a new community. The classroom consists of students from different parts of the world like Africa,USA, Nigeria. So, one Indian student gets exposure of the global world. from the western countries can feel the cultural difference but for the students from eastern part of the world especially the Asian countries have the opportunity to explore a similar but not identical culture which china has. MBBS in China gives a great opportunity to get a global exposure where the classmates attending the same anatomy class are coming from different countries. It makes a better understanding of other cultures and adapting the good for self-development of a student.

Cultural Exchange:

The primary language of the country is Chinese and the medium of instruction in MBBS course is English. But learning Chinese language is mandatory during the study course and one has to pass the language test to complete his graduate degree. If one thinks its barrier for MBBS admission in China for international students then they should know that the importance of Chinese language will help them during their internship in China where the patients are local Chinese and they don’t know English for proper communication. Learning Chinese gives a better opportunity for better understanding and learning a new language is a benefit for international students.

Eligibility for MBBS admission In China

The international students who wish to study MBBS in China must clear the following eligibility criteria

• The student must pass 10+2 or higher secondary of equivalent.

• Minimum aggregate must be 50% with a subject combination of Physics, Chemistry and Biology.

• The applicant must qualify NEET or equivalent in order to take MBBS admission in China.

• Minimum age shall be 17 years and maximum age shall be 26 years.

• The students must hold a non- china nationality and abide by the laws.

Saraswati Online.Com

is the pioneer in promoting Education Exchange Programs in Asia. The vision of the organization is to establish an educated and empowered world through knowledge sharing. The mission is to initiate and establish education exchange programs among all the countries of the world and to extend academic and non-academic support to global students’ fraternity studying abroad leaving the comfort zone of home country. The organization mainly works in the field of medical education at the undergraduate level. Visit www.saraswationline.com to know about studying MBBS in China.

#Nanjing Medical University #Fujian Medical University #Nanchang University #MBBS in Nanjing Medical University #MBBS in Fujian Medical University #MBBS Fees in China #MBBS Universities in China #MBBS admission in China #MBBS in China

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warmheartworldwide · 6 years ago

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A Busy Gap Year - seeing through children’s eyes

The following blog comes from Rex Lin who is completing a six-week stay at Warm Heart:

I graduated from high school earlier this year and decided to take a gap year. Although I was a good student, I wanted to do something more than just studying all the time. I am not a typical Taiwanese teenager. My family lives in Homei township, in central Taiwan, and both my parents work in factories. My mother is ethnic Vietnamese and, like many others from southeast Asia, married my father and emigrated to Taiwan in the 1990s. She was very brave to leave her home in search of a better future and she encourages and inspires me a lot. I think that she has influenced me to become a more empathetic person.

I first got involved in activism in high school. There is a nearby chemical factory with 1000 workers which was still using three older power plants which emitted toxic gases. Some of my classmates campaigned for a month and succeeded in getting those plants shut down. None of the workers lost their jobs because the factory has newer power plants that are up to code but which are more expensive to operate.

Initially my parents were surprised about my gap year decision but after I told them about my plans, they supported me wholeheartedly. I first became aware of children’s rights in the eleventh grade when I was the leader of our student association. I looked into any matter involving students and advocated for their rights. Then I was chosen to represent Taiwan and speak at a review conference of national reports on the rights of children. After that I studied the subject more thoroughly and spoke at the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.

I consider myself to be quite outgoing. Since I was 10, I have seriously studied English and use it whenever I can at international events where I can meet and make foreign friends. Since I enjoy public speaking, my first gap year activity was to organize a two-month lecture tour targeting 50 engagements all over Taiwan. Most of the lectures were staged at schools, NGOs or other institutions. On average, about 30 people came to each lecture. Mostly I talked about student and children’s rights and how to protect them. I got a lot of support and feedback from the students and teachers who attended. Since I am not from a wealthy family, I think my story inspired some people and made them realize that they can also change their lives.

After my lecture tour, I realized there are still so many things that need changing, both in Taiwan and the rest of the world, and that’s what I want to work for. I understand that change might come slowly and only in gradual steps. I also realized that I am a good listener and always ready to learn more about people and their lives.

In Taiwan, students try to show in their college applications that they have previous volunteer experience both at home and abroad. I had never volunteered before so when a friend told me about Warm Heart and its involvement with children’s education, I decided to apply. I liked Warm Heart’s grassroot approach and its “helping people to help themselves” philosophy. I thought that working more closely with the Thai people would allow me to truly understand their problems. At the same time, I was also worried about Warm Heart’s location in the countryside, in the middle of nowhere.

During the interview process with Evelind, when she asked me about my plan for my stay, I panicked. I had just graduated from high school and had no special skills, so how could I really help? Whatever I had learned about children’s rights during my past experiences in Taiwan, how could I transfer the knowledge if I didn’t speak Thai? Luckily Evelind said that we would find out what I could do after I got here. I was quite relieved because I really wanted to come.

My parents wondered why I didn’t choose to volunteer in Vietnam but I had already been there several times to visit my mother’s family and wanted to discover a new place. I managed to get a government subsidy which covered about half my expenses. The Taiwanese government is quite generous with students who require financial assistance for higher education and I will also be getting grants to cover my university education. My last activity before coming here was at the 7th Global Trend Youth Forum which was hosted this year by Taiwan and where I served as a youth pilot.

After getting here, I began by observing everything and trying to understand how Warm Heart works and everyone’s role. I saw how great the burden of constant fundraising is. I joined visits to the elderly and disabled in our community. One visit was to a grandfather who did not seem to be disabled. He had a wife and sons and his home was in good condition. At first I didn’t understand why he needed help. But after more visits, I realized our goal was to establish a good relationship, one of trust. Even though I needed to go with Noina, Warm Heart’s public health staff member, who translated for me, the residents really appreciate our visits and getting the attention.

Fellow volunteer Malory says goodbye to local resident when she finishes her time at Warm Heart

Many of the elderly feel neglected because their family members are too busy working and unable to spend much time with them. Lying all day in bed by themselves, just watching television, without enough human interaction, they can get overcome with stress and other negative emotions. We pretend to be their sons and daughters for a short time. We ask them simple questions like “Did you sleep well last night?” or “Do you have enough blankets to keep you warm?” We show that we actually care.

Every project at Warm Heart is aimed at improving the welfare of the residents in the surrounding communities. At the same time, it is important to always respect the residents. I wondered how they perceive Warm Heart, an NGO set up by foreigners that uses foreign volunteers. Maybe they don’t really need us. But then I think that our role is to help them see the different possibilities of ways to improve their lives. If we can build up their trust in us, they will gradually accept us and the obstacles and walls will break down. So maybe sometimes we need to slow things down and work more on building the trust.

Biochar stand with other volunteers at Citylife Garden Fair in Chiang Mai

The most valuable lesson I´ve learned at Warm Heart is how to see the world through the eyes of children. Most of Warm Heart’s kids have had a difficult start. Some have parents who take drugs or risk imprisonment; others have dysfunctional families and have been neglected. I asked myself, what do these children really need? Do they really need more dull classroom lectures? In Taiwan, many people think that children from poor families just need to study hard to improve their lives. But there is a big difference between the opportunities for children who are supported by their families who have resources and those who are not.

Warm Heart kids share their photos with volunteer John (left)

I think the Warm Heart kids all know that education is important if they want to find meaningful work. Warm Heart cooperates with several hotels, restaurants and tourist agencies to involve the older kids who are interested in internships or apprenticeships leading towards decent jobs. But the kids lack creative activity that teaches them something about the world and themselves. With this in mind, I organized several activities during my stay. In Taiwan, kids welcome the coming of the winter solstice by making sweet rice balls. My goal was for the kids to feel a sense of achievement when eating the rice balls they had made themselves. Seeing their smiling faces when they tasted the rice balls for the first time, I knew that our bonds were closer.

Warm Heart kids make sweet rice balls

Warm Heart has been in operation for over a decade. It takes a long time to build the trust which is needed to effect true change. As the Warm Heart kids grow up to be pillars of that trust, going into higher education and creating good lives for themselves and their families, we will gradually see the fruits of our hard work.

I now regard myself as a budding social anthropologist. Observing and learning more about everyone’s social and family contexts, their customs and living habits, helps me help them. As for working with children, I just want them to be able to evolve happily and in a carefree way. Our task is to provide a positive environment with sustainable economic support and stable educational resources. Without obstruction, hopefully each child will then be able to find their own path.

My busy gap year will continue after I leave Warm Heart. Before resuming my studies in sociology at the National Taiwan University in Taipei, I have a short-term paid contract with the Taiwan Alliance for the Advancement of Youth Rights and Welfare, a large NGO. In collaboration with the Scottish children’s and youth parliaments, our committee will be creating a model children’s parliament to show the Taiwanese government how it works. There are many children’s parliaments across Europe but, as far as I know, there aren’t any yet in Asia. We will build the structure and encourage students and children to join and empower them accordingly. It's a tough task but I’m looking forward to the challenge.

Mali, Wonhui, Malory (front), John and me (back)

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iconiceyesedinburgh-blog · 6 years ago

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What Skills Do You Need To Work For Blizzard Entertainment As A Graphic Designer?

Though going to university can help you pursue the artistic profession of your desires, setting you up with the correct set of skills and skills, it isn't for everybody. Graphic design is great coaching for design work in lots of fields, which is why you will find graphic designers working in areas of specialization ranging from print design (books and magazines), to identity design (logos and branding), to product design, packaging design, Web design, and more. For while many people have been right about the best way all this pres- entism would have an effect on investments and finance, even expertise and media, we had been completely fallacious about how living within the now” would find yourself impacting us as folks. 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Graphic designer employment is anticipated to grow by 4% (or eleven,000+ new jobs) from 2016 via 2026, slower than the 7% common progress price for all occupations, however this statistic could be very business dependent; for instance, graphic designers in print media (newspapers, magazines, catalogs, and so forth.) is predicted to shrink by 22%, while the job market for digital designers (web sites, computer systems and functions, and many others.) will develop by 20% over the same decade. On this explicit case in his travels in Botswana and Zimbabwe, we look specifically at his sojourn in Mzantsi."The word Boer merely means "farmer"and in the minds of the Africans it means a foreign "trekker', and is not synonymous with our word 'boor'. There are someplace round 300 totally different universities, postsecondary colleges, and unbiased establishments which can be accredited by the Nationwide Association of Schools of Artwork and Design Any of these can provide you with the necessary qualifications to get a job ready with the graphic designer job description. The image we get at the moment of Africa in past ages from the historical past taught in our schools is that Africans were savages and that, though Europeans invaded their lands and made slaves of them, they assert that they were in a method conferring an important an excellent favor on them; since they dropped at them the blessings of Christian civilization. If a graphic designer is part of a advertising or growth team, they often work inside a studio with other creative talent Some firms have a number of graphic artists resulting from their specialties in areas like video animation, images, or illustration. Understanding how to hire a graphic designer and ourselves prior to now and in actual time is of prime importance right here: the Present future, would require us to pay attention to ourselves and the way we conduct or live our ways of life: Tradition, and so forth. Just like with planning a business, it's essential to perceive who your online buyer is. There are lots of factors that will play into the way you design your website based on who you create it for. James Sofasonke” Sofasonke Mpanza, a neighborhood chief and advocate for higher housing for African folks residing in Johannesburg'. It was a really enjoyable expertise which explains why I decided to change my main from Information Technology to Graphic Design. By the point you might be completed with studying this information it is possible for you to to talk in regards to the internet development course of competently and never get taken advantage of by among the less than principled web designers out there. When you've got the flexibility to take easy product packaging and elevate it to the level of artwork, you might be a graphic designer in the making. The graphic designer's job is to successfully talk the meant message of the undertaking at hand visually to a specified audience. Graphic designers create and affect branding, which can help to promote services to 1000's - sometimes millions - of shoppers from all all over the world. The only recommended training to be able to full the duties within the web designer job description consists of a bachelor's diploma in net design. In-home graphic designers work in an organization's advertising and marketing or creative division. For example, some create the graphics used on retail merchandise packaging, and others may go on the visible designs used on ebook jackets. As a contract graphic designer, you might be your individual boss, set your individual schedule and pursue your individual initiatives. Many professional graphic designs speak of the satisfaction of making one thing visible or constructing a brand identity that can be seen by 1000's, if not hundreds of thousands of people. Photographs of designers reflect this and have a tendency to contain them looking at designs or their pc screens.

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