#chuvash language

[dayofethnicityorreligion]

The Virjal (Chuvash: Вирьял, Russian: Вирьял) are a historical ethnographic subgroup of the Chuvash people, traditionally living in the northern and northwestern territories of the Chuvash Republic and adjacent regions. They are distinguished from other Chuvash subgroups by particular linguistic, cultural, anthropological, and geographical characteristics. The term "Virjal" is often translated as "upper" or "highlanders," reflecting their historical settlement in elevated forest-steppe and forested zones, in contrast to their southern counterparts, the Anatri (meaning "lower" or "lowlanders").

The name "Virjal" derives from the Chuvash words вир (vir) meaning "upper" or "high," and ял (yal) meaning "community" or "people." The name reflects their geographic position relative to the Anatri, who inhabit the lower, more southern parts of the Chuvash lands. In Russian ethnographic sources, the Virjal are often referred to as "upper Chuvash" or "hill Chuvash" (верховые чуваши).

Historically, the Virjal were concentrated in the northern districts of the Chuvash Republic, particularly in the regions bordering the Mari El Republic and the Republic of Tatarstan. Their settlements were typically located along the middle and upper reaches of the Volga River and its tributaries, such as the Tsivil and the Sura rivers. In addition to the modern Chuvash Republic, Virjal communities could also be found in parts of the Nizhny Novgorod, Ulyanovsk, and Kirov oblasts.

The natural landscape of the Virjal territory is more forested and hilly compared to the steppe regions of the Anatri. This environmental difference significantly influenced their agricultural practices, settlement patterns, and even aspects of their material culture.

The Virjal are part of the broader Chuvash ethnos, which itself emerged from the historical amalgamation of various Finno-Ugric, Turkic, and possibly Iranian-speaking groups in the Volga-Kama region. The Chuvash are considered the only surviving descendants of the Oghuric branch of Turkic peoples, specifically linked to the Volga Bulgars who settled along the Volga River following the collapse of Old Great Bulgaria in the 7th century CE.

While the Chuvash as a whole trace their lineage to this Bulgar legacy, the Virjal, due to their geographic isolation and historical contacts, exhibit influences from Finno-Ugric groups, particularly the Mari and Udmurt. Anthropological and linguistic studies have confirmed that the Virjal subgroup exhibits more Finno-Ugric substratal influence than the Anatri, especially in dialect and certain cultural practices.

The Virjal dialect is a northern variety of the Chuvash language, which is the only extant member of the Oghur (or Lir) branch of the Turkic language family. The Virjal dialect is characterized by distinctive phonetic, lexical, and morphological features that set it apart from the southern Anatri dialect, which forms the basis of the standard Chuvash literary language.

Phonological features of the Virjal dialect include:

A tendency toward greater vowel harmony.

Preservation of certain archaic vowel and consonant sounds.

A more limited influence from Tatar loanwords compared to the southern dialects.

Lexical distinctions include a larger corpus of Finno-Ugric substrate vocabulary and specific words for local flora, fauna, and cultural practices.

Linguists studying Chuvash dialectology have often regarded the Virjal dialect as more conservative or "archaic," preserving features that have been lost or altered in the Anatri dialect. However, due to historical marginalization and the standardization of the Anatri dialect, the Virjal speech forms have been underrepresented in modern literature and education.

The traditional clothing of the Virjal exhibits distinct features from that of the Anatri. Women's garments typically include long tunics adorned with intricate embroidery, often in red, black, and white patterns, featuring motifs of ancient symbolic meaning such as the solar sign and the tree of life. Headwear and jewelry also differ; for example, Virjal women traditionally wore a headdress known as tushpan, which could differ markedly in shape and ornamentation from the kalmauk worn by Anatri women.

Men’s clothing was also adapted to the northern climate, including woolen garments and tall boots made for forested and uneven terrain.

Virjal folklore preserves numerous archaic elements. Their mythological system includes a pantheon of spirits and deities closely tied to nature, household, and ancestral domains. Their rituals often blend Turkic, Finno-Ugric, and pre-Christian animistic elements, with significant traces of the pre-Islamic Bulgar religion and later Orthodox Christian influence.

Important traditional festivals include:

Surhuri: A winter festival with elements of agrarian magic and ancestral veneration.

Akatuy: A spring sowing festival.

Semik and Trinity Days: Celebrations that blend Orthodox Christian and pagan customs.

Music and dance play a central role in community events. The Virjal maintain a repertoire of traditional songs, many of which are performed in a style involving pentatonic scales and polyphonic elements—traits suggesting ancient origins.

Virjal communities were historically known for their textile arts, especially weaving and embroidery. Wood carving and pottery also featured prominently in their material culture, often decorated with motifs tied to cosmology and clan identity.

House construction followed traditional patterns suited to the northern forest-steppe environment, with log houses (izbas) incorporating specific architectural elements such as carved gables and decorative shutters.

Anthropologically, the Virjal have been studied in the context of broader Volga region populations. Physical anthropologists have noted that Virjal individuals often exhibit features typical of the so-called Uralic or Finno-Ugric anthropological type, including lighter pigmentation, a brachycephalic skull shape, and shorter stature on average. These traits contrast with the more "southern" features found among the Anatri.

Some scholars have interpreted these differences as evidence of greater genetic admixture with Finno-Ugric populations like the Mari, who are long-standing neighbors of the Virjal. These findings are corroborated by mitochondrial DNA studies indicating a greater frequency of haplogroups common among Finno-Ugric peoples.

The Virjal traditionally practiced a syncretic form of spirituality that included elements of pre-Christian animism, ancestral worship, and naturalistic deities. Following the expansion of the Russian Empire and missionary activities in the 16th–18th centuries, many Virjal communities converted to Eastern Orthodoxy. However, conversion was often superficial, and many traditional beliefs and rituals persisted in parallel, a phenomenon known as "dual faith" (dvoeverie in Russian).

Shrines to household and nature spirits (e.g., keremet) continued to be venerated, and oral prayers and sacrificial rites were passed down through generations. Even in the modern period, remnants of these traditional religious practices can be found in rural Virjal communities.

The Virjal were traditionally engaged in a mixed economy suited to the northern Chuvash landscape. Agriculture played a central role, with the cultivation of rye, barley, millet, and later potatoes and oats. The forested areas also supported hunting, beekeeping, and foraging.

Livestock breeding, particularly of cattle, pigs, and poultry, was common. Handicrafts, including cloth production and carpentry, were also vital to the local economy, especially during the long winters when farming activities subsided.

Trade with neighboring ethnic groups, including the Mari, Russians, and Tatars, facilitated cultural exchange and economic interdependence. However, economic disparities and geographic isolation sometimes led to periods of hardship, especially during the Russian Empire’s serfdom period and the Soviet collectivization campaigns.

During the Soviet period, the Virjal, like other Chuvash subgroups, experienced significant changes due to collectivization, industrialization, and educational reforms. Many traditional practices were suppressed or transformed under ideological pressure. The standardization of the Chuvash language based on the Anatri dialect further marginalized Virjal linguistic identity.

Despite these pressures, elements of Virjal identity have survived into the 21st century, particularly in rural communities. Cultural revival efforts in the post-Soviet period have led to renewed interest in local dialects, crafts, festivals, and oral traditions. However, challenges remain, including language endangerment and assimilation.

In modern times, the Virjal are not recognized as a separate ethnic group but are considered part of the broader Chuvash nation. Nonetheless, scholarly attention to their distinct cultural and linguistic characteristics continues, and local cultural initiatives often promote their unique heritage.

The Virjal represent a vital and richly distinct component of the Chuvash ethnos. Their history, shaped by geography, ethnolinguistic contact, and cultural resilience, offers valuable insights into the diversity of the Volga region. Continued documentation and support for their traditions are essential to preserving this heritage within the framework of the modern Chuvash Republic and the Russian Federation as a whole.

[songs-of-the-east]

“K I L” from LO’AMMI DIGITAL ISSUE No.5

"Chuvashia is a small republic in central Russia. It is rich in cultural heritage and history, one of the key aspects of which is the national costume. The Chuvash language is the only Turkic language spoken by the [Oghuric] group.

“K I L”, translated from Chuvash, means “house, yard, family.”

We fantasize about the theme of a modernized Chuvash village, where the inhabitants meet fundamental standards without losing the cultural code. This story is about the search and study of Chuvash’s ethnocultural identity in modern realities through the prism of fashion."

- Lo'Ammi Magazine

[gwendolynlerman]

Additional letters

This is a compilation of additional letters in the main scripts of the world.

Arabic script

The basic Arabic abjad has 28 letters: ح ‎ج‎ ث‎ ت‎ ب‎ ا ‎ص‎ ش‎ س‎ ز‎ ر‎ ذ‎ د ‎ق‎ ف‎ غ‎ ع ظ‎ ط‎ ض ‎ي‎ و‎ ه‎ ن‎ م‎ ل‎ ك. Some languages have adapted it by including additional letters:

پ: Arabic, Balochi, Kashmiri, Khowar, Kurdish, Pashto, Persian, Punjabi, Sindhi, Urdu, Uyghur

ٻ: Saraiki, Sindhi

ڀ: Sindhi

ٺ: Sindhi

ٽ: Sindhi

ٿ: Rajasthani, Sindhi

ﭦ: Kashmiri, Punjabi, Urdu

ټ: Pashto

چ: Kashmiri, Kurdish, Pashto, Persian, Punjabi, Urdu

څ: Pashto

ځ: Pashto

ڊ: Saraiki

ډ: Pashto

ڌ: Sindhi

ڈ: Kashmiri, Punjabi, Urdu

ݙ: Saraiki

ڕ: Kurdish

ړ: Ormuri, Torwali

ژ: Kurdish, Pashto, Persian, Punjabi, Urdu, Uyghur

ڑ: Punjabi, Urdu

ږ: Pashto

ݭ: Gawri, Ormuri

ݜ: Shina

ښ: Pashto

ڜ: Moroccan Arabic

ڠ: Malay‎

ڥ‎ ‎‎: Algerian Arabic, Tunisian Arabic

ڤ: Kurdish, Malay

ڨ: Algerian Arabic, Tunisian Arabic‎

ک: Sindhi

ݢ: Malay‎

گ: Pashto, Kurdish, Kyrgyz, Mesopotamian Arabic, Persian, Punjabi, Urdu, Uyghur

‎ګ: Pashto

ڱ: Sindhi

ڳ: Saraiki, Sindhi

ڪ: Sindhi

ڬ: Malay

ڭ: Algerian Arabic, Kyrgyz, Moroccan Arabic, Uyghur

ڵ: Kurdish

لؕ ‎: Punjabi

ݪ: Gawri, Marwari

ڽ: Malay

ڻ: Sindhi‎

ݨ‎‎: Punjabi, Saraiki

ڼ‎: Pashto

ۏ: Malay‎

ۋ: Kyrgyz, Uyghur

ۆ: Kurdish, Uyghur

ۇ: Kyrgyz, Uyghur

ۅ: Kyrgyz

ی: Pashto

ې: Pashto, Uyghur

ىٓ: Saraiki

ێ‎: Kurdish

ۍ: Pashto‎

ئ: Pashto, Punjabi, Saraiki, Urdu

ھ: Kurdish, Punjabi, Urdu, Uyghur

ے: Punjabi, Urdu

Cyrillic script

The basic Cyrillic alphabet includes 29 letters: А а Б б В в Г г Д д Е е Ж ж З з И и Й й К к Л л М м Н н О о П п Р р С с Т т У у Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Ш ш Щ щ Ь ь Ю ю Я я. Most languages use additional letters:

Ӕ ӕ: Ossetian

Ä ӓ: Hill Mari, Kildin Sámi

Ӑ ӑ: Chuvash

Ґ ґ: Belarusian, Rusyn, Ukrainian

Ӷ ӷ: Abkhaz

Ѓ ѓ:  Macedonian

Г' г': Kurdish

Гъ гъ: Avar, Ossetian

Гь гь: Avar

Гӏ гӏ: Avar

Ғ ғ: Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Tajik, Uzbek

Дә дә: Abkhaz

Дж дж: Bulgarian, Ossetian

Дз дз: Bulgarian, Ossetian

Ђ ђ: Montenegrin, Serbian

�� ѕ: Macedonian

Ҙ ҙ: Bashkir

Є є: Rusyn, Ukrainian

Ә ә: Abkhaz, Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Dungan, Kalmyk, Kurdish, Tatar

Ә' ә': Kurdish

Ё ё: Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Buryat, Chuvash, Dungan, Hill Mari, Khalkha, Kildin Sámi, Komi-Permyak, Kyrgyz, Meadow Mari, Ossetian, Russian, Rusyn, Tajik, Tatar, Ukrainian, Uzbek

Ӗ ӗ: Chuvash

Ӂ ӂ: Moldovan

Җ җ: Dungan, Kalmyk

Жә жә: Abkhaz

З́ з́: Montenegrin

Ӡ ӡ: Abkhaz

Ӡә ӡә: Abkhaz

І і: Avar, Belarusian, Rusyn, Ukrainian

Ї ї: Rusyn, Ukrainian

Ӣ ӣ: Tajik

Ҋ ҋ: Kildin Sámi

Ј ј: Azerbaijani, Kildin Sámi, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Serbian

Ҝ ҝ: Azerbaijani

Қ қ: Abkhaz, Tajik, Uzbek

Қь қь: Abkhaz

Ҡ ҡ: Bashkir

Ҟ ҟ: Abkhaz

Ҟь ҟь: Abkhaz

Ќ ќ:  Macedonian

К' к': Kurdish

Къ къ: Avar, Ossetian

Кь кь: Abkhaz, Avar

Кӏ кӏ: Avar

Кӏкӏ кӏкӏ: Avar

Кк кк: Avar

Ӆ ӆ: Kildin Sámi

Љ љ: Macedonian, Montenegrin, Serbian

Ӎ ӎ: Kildin Sámi

Ӊ ң: Bashkir, Dungan, Kalmyk, Kildin Sámi, Kyrgyz, Tatar

Ҥ ҥ: Meadow Mari

Ӈ ӈ: Kildin Sámi

Њ њ: Macedonian, Montenegrin, Serbian

Ө ө: Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Buryat, Kalmyk, Khalkha, Kyrgyz, Tatar

Ö ӧ: Hill Mari, Komi-Permyak, Kurdish, Meadow Mari

Ԥ ԥ: Abkhaz

П' п': Kurdish

Ҧ ҧ: Abkhaz

Пъ пъ: Ossetian

Ҏ ҏ: Kildin Sámi

Р' р': Kurdish

Ҫ ҫ: Bashkir, Chuvash

С́ с́: Montenegrin

Ҭ ҭ: Abkhaz

Ҭә ҭә: Abkhaz

Т' т': Kurdish

Тә тә: Abkhaz

Тъ тъ: Ossetian

Тӏ тӏ: Avar

Ћ ћ: Montenegrin, Serbian

Ӱ ӱ: Hill Mari, Meadow Mari

Ӳ ӳ: Chuvash

Ў ў: Belarusian, Dungan, Uzbek

Ӯ ӯ: Tajik

Ү ү: Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Buryat, Dungan, Kalmyk, Khalkha, Kyrgyz, Tatar

Ҳ ҳ: Abkhaz, Tajik, Uzbek

Хъ хъ: Ossetian

Хь хь: Abkhaz

Хӏ хӏ: Avar

Ҳ ҳ: Abkhaz

Ҳә ҳә: Abkhaz

Һ һ: Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Buryat, Kalmyk, Kildin Sámi, Kurdish, Tatar

Һ' һ': Kurdish

Ҵ ҵ: Abkhaz

Ҵә ҵә: Abkhaz

Цә цә: Abkhaz

Цъ цъ: Ossetian

Цц цц: Avar

Цӏ цӏ: Avar

Цӏцӏ цӏц: Avar

Џ џ: Abkhaz, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Serbian

Џь џь: Abkhaz

Ҹ ҹ: Azerbaijani

Ҷ ҷ: Azerbaijani, Tajik

Ч' ч': Kurdish

Чъ чъ: Ossetian

Чӏ чӏ: Avar

Чӏчӏ чӏчӏ: Avar

Ҽ ҽ: Abkhaz

Ҿ ҿ: Abkhaz

Шь шь: Abkhaz

Шә шә: Abkhaz

’: Belarusian, Ukrainian

Ъ ъ: Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Chuvash, Dungan, Hill Mari, Khalkha, Komi-Permyak, Meadow Mari, Ossetian, Russian, Rusyn, Tajik, Tatar, Uzbek

Ҍ ҍ: Kildin Sámi

Ы ы: Abkhaz, Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Belarusian, Buryat, Chuvash, Dungan, Hill Mari, Khalkha, Kildin Sámi, Komi-Permyak, Kyrgyz, Meadow Mari, Moldovan, Ossetian, Russian, Tatar

Ӹ ӹ: Hill Mari

Ҩ ҩ: Abkhaz

Э э: Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Belarusian, Buryat, Chuvash, Dungan, Hill Mari, Kalmyk, Khalkha, Kildin Sámi, Komi-Permyak, Kyrgyz, Kurdish, Meadow Mari, Moldovan, Ossetian, Russian, Tajik, Tatar, Uzbek

Ӭ ӭ: Kildin Sámi

Ԛ ԛ: Kurdish

Ԝ ԝ: Kurdish

Devanagari script

The basic Devanagari abugida includes 48 letters: अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ऋ ए पॅ ऐ ओ औ अं अः ॲं क ख ग घ ङ ह च छ ज झ ञ य श ट ठ ड ढ ण र ष त थ द ध न ल स प फ ब भ म व. But some languages add additional ones:

ॠ: Sanskrit

ऌ: Sanskrit

ॡ: Sanskrit

ॲ: Marathi

ऑ: Marathi

क़: Hindi

ख़: Hindi

ग़: Hindi

ॻ: Saraiki, Sindhi

ज़: Hindi

ॼ: Saraiki, Sindhi

झ़: Hindi

ॾ: Saraiki, Sindhi

फ़: Hindi

ड़: Hindi

ढ़: Hindi

ॿ: Saraiki, Sindhi

ळ: Gharwali, Konkani, Marathi, Rajasthani, Sanskrit

ॸ: Marwari

Geʽez script

The basic Geʽez abugida consists of 217 letters: ሀ ሁ ሂ ሃ ሄ ህ ሆ ለ ሉ ሊ ላ ሌ ል ሎ ሏ ሐ ሑ ሒ ሓ ሔ ሕ ሖ ሗ መ ሙ ሚ ማ ሜ ም ሞ ሟ ፙ ሠ ሡ ሢ ሣ ሤ ሥ ሦ ሧ ረ ሩ ሪ ራ ሬ ር ሮ ሯ ፘ ሰ ሱ ሲ ሳ ሴ ስ ሶ ሸ ሹ ሺ ሻ ሼ ሽ ሾ ሷ ቀ ቁ ቂ ቃ ቄ ቅ ቆ ቋ በ ቡ ቢ ባ ቤ ብ ቦ ቧ ተ ቱ ቲ ታ ቴ ት ቶ ቷ ቸ ቹ ቺ ቻ ቼ ች ቾ ኀ ኁ ኂ ኃ ኄ ኅ ኆ ኋ ነ ኑ ኒ ና ኔ ን ኖ ኗ አ ኡ ኢ ኣ ኤ እ ኦ ኧ ከ ኩ ኪ ካ ኬ ክ ኮ ኳ ወ ዉ ዊ ዋ ዌ ው ዎ ዐ ዑ ዒ ዓ ዔ ዕ ዖ ዘ ዙ ዚ ዛ ዜ ዝ ዞ ዟ የ ዩ ዪ ያ ዬ ይ ዮ ደ ዱ ዲ ዳ ዴ ድ ዶ ዷ ገ ጉ ጊ ጋ ጌ ግ ጎ ጓ ጠ ጡ ጢ ጣ ጤ ጥ ጦ ጧ ጰ ጱ ጲ ጳ ጴ ጵ ጶ ጷ ጸ ጹ ጺ ጻ ጼ ጽ ጾ ጿ ፀ ፁ ፂ ፃ ፄ ፅ ፆ ፈ ፉ ፊ ፋ ፌ ፍ ፎ ፏ ፚ ፐ ፑ ፒ ፓ ፔ ፕ ፖ ፗ. Certain languages use additional letters:

ቈ ቊ ቋ ቌ ቍ: Amharic, Bilen, Tigrinya

ኈ ኊ ኋ ኌ ኍ: Amharic, Bilen

ኰ ኲ ኳ ኴ ኵ: Amharic, Bilen, Tigrinya

ጐ ጒ ጓ ጔ ጕ: Amharic, Bilen, Tigrinya

ቐ ቑ ቒ ቓ ቔ ቕ ቖ: Amharic, Bilen, Harari, Tigre, Tigrinya

ቘ ቚ ቛ ቜ ቝ: Tigrinya

ቨ ቩ ቪ ቫ ቬ ቭ ቮ: Amharic, Bilen, Harari, Tigrinya

ⶓ ⶔ ጟ ⶕ ⶖ: Bilen

ኘ ኙ ኚ ኛ ኜ ኝ ኞ: Amharic, Bilen, Harari, Tigrinya

ኸ ኹ ኺ ኻ ኼ ኽ ኾ: Amharic, Harari, Tigrinya

ዀ ዂ ዃ ዄ ዅ: Amharic, Bilen, Tigrinya

ዠ ዡ ዢ ዣ ዤ ዥ ዦ: Amharic, Bilen, Tigre, Tigrinya

ጀ ጁ ጂ ጃ ጄ ጅ ጆ: Amharic, Bilen, Harari, Tigrinya

ጘ ጙ ጚ ጛ ጜ ጝ ጞ: Bilen, Tigre

ጨ ጩ ጪ ጫ ጬ ጭ ጮ: Amharic, Bilen, Harari, Tigrinya

Hebrew script

The basic Hebrew abjad has 22 letters: א‎ ב‎ ג‎ ד‎ ה‎ ו‎ ז‎ ח‎ ט‎ י‎ ך/כ ‎ל‎ ם/מ‎ ן/נ‎ ס‎ ע‎ ף/פ‎ ץ/צ‎ ק‎ ר‎ ש‎ ת. Yiddish adds two more:

וו וי יי: Yiddish‎

בֿ: Yiddish

Latin script

The basic Latin alphabet consists of 26 letters: A a B b C c D d E e F f G g H h I i J j K k L l M m N n O o P p Q q R r S s T t U u V v W w X x Y y Z z. Many languages add special characters:

Countries between parentheses are added to distinguish between different languages that have the same name.

Æ æ: Danish, English, Faroese, Icelandic, Kawésqar, Lule Sámi, Norwegian, Southern Sámi, Yaghan

Ɑ ɑ (Latin alpha): Duka, Fe’fe’, Mbembe, Mbo, Tigon

Ð ð (eth): Anii, Elfdalian, Faroese, Icelandic

Ǝ ǝ (turned E): Anii, Bangolan, Bissa, Bura, Kanuri, Kposo, Lama, Lukpa, Ngizim, Tamahaq, Tamasheq, Turka, Yom

Ə ə (schwa): Awing, Bafut, Bulu, Daba, Dazaga, Dii, Ewondo, Fe’fe’, Gude, Kamwe, Kasena, Kemezung, Kpelle, Lyélé, Mada, Makaa, Manengumba, Mfumte, Mofu-Gudur, Mundang, Mundani, Ngas, Nso, Nuni, Parkwa, Tarok, Teda, Temne, Vengo, Vute, Yom, Zulgo-Gemzek

Ɛ ɛ (Latin epsilon): Abidji, Adele, Adjukru, Aghem, Ahanta, Ait Seghrouchen, Ait Warain, Aja (Benin), Akan, Anii, Anyin, Ayizo, Bafia, Bafut, Baka (Cameroon), Bambara, Baoulé, Bariba, Basa (Cameroon), Beni Snous, Bhele, Bissa, Boko, Busa (Nigeria), Central Atlas Tamazight, Cerma, Chakosi, Dagaare, Dan, Dangme, Dendi, Dii, Dinka, Djerbi, Duala, Dyula, Ewe, Ewondo, Ghomara, Iznasen, Kabyle, Kako, Kemezung, Kenyang, Kposo, Kyode, Lika, Lingala, Lupka, Maasai, Mandi (Cameroon), Manenguba, Mangbetu, Matmata, Mbelime, Medumba, Mzab-Wargla, Nawdm, Ngiemboon, Ngomba, Noni, Nuer, Sanhaja de Srair, Shawiya, Shenwa, Shilha, Tarifit, Tem, Tigon, Turka, Yoruba, Zuwara

Ɣ ɣ (Latin gamma): Air Tamajaq, Dagbani, Dinka, Ewe, Kabiye, Kabyle, Kpelle, Kposo, Lukpa, Tamahaq, Tamasheq, Tawellemet, Wakhi

ɤ (ram’s horn/baby gamma): Dan, Goo

I ı (Dotless): Crimean Tatar, Gagauz, Kazakh, Turkish

Ɪ ɪ (small capital): Kulango, Lomakka

Ɩ ɩ (iota): Bissa, Kabiye

Kʼ ĸ (kra): Inuttitut

Ł ł (L with stroke): Gwich’in, Iñupiaq, Kashubian, Navajo, Polish, Silesian, Sorbian, Venetian

Ŋ ŋ (eng): Aghem, Iñupiaq, Kemezung, Lukpa, Mandi (Cameroon), Medumba, Mundani, Nawdm, Ngiemboon, Ngomba, Noni, Northern Sámi, Nuer, Skolt Sámi, Tem, Tigon, Wuzlam

Ɔ ɔ (open O): Aghem, Akan, Bafia, Baka, Bambara, Baoulé, Bariba, Bassa, Boko, Dii, Dinka, Duala, Dyula, Ewe, Ewondo, Kako, Kemezung, Kposo, Lika, Lingala, Maasai, Mandi (Cameroon), Manenguba, Mangbetu, Mbelime, Medumba, Mundani, Nawdm, Ngiemboon, Ngomba, Nuer, Tem, Tigon, Turka, Yoruba

Œ œ: French, Lombard

Ʀ ʀ (small capital R): Alutiiq

ẞ ß (Eszett): German

Þ þ (thorn): Icelandic

Ɥ ɥ (turned H): Dan

Ʊ ʊ (upsilon): Anii, Anyin, Foodo, Lukpa, Tem, Yom

Ʌ ʌ (turned V): Dan, Ch’ol, Oneida, Temne, Tepehuán, Wounaan 

Ʒ ʒ (ezh): Aja, Dagbani, Laz, Skolt Sámi

Ɂ ɂ (glottal stop): Chipewyan, Ditidaht, Dogrib, Halkomelem, Kutenai, Lushootseed, Nuu-chah-nulth, Slavey, Thompson

Ꞌ ꞌ (saltillo): Central Sama, Mexicanero, Mi'kmaq, Nahuatl, Nawat, Rapa Nui, Tlapane

Tibetan script

The basic Tibetan abugida is formed by 34 letters: ཀ ཁ ག ང ཅ ཆ ཇ ཉ ཏ ཐ ད ན པ ཕ བ མ ཙ ཚ ཛ ཝ ཞ ཟ འ ཡ ར ལ ཤ ས ཧ ཨ ཨི ཨུ ཨེ ཨོ. Balti uses four additional characters:

ཫ: Balti

ཬ: Balti

ཁ༹: Balti

ག༹: Balti

[lesblizzard-ultradyke]

and this shitty thing is that if I'm going to learn chuvash I won't learn the chuvash that my family speaks cus they speak some different chuvash influenced by some other language yuckkkk

[tuxankhamun]

top ten languages i want to learn (no specific order)

armenian

romagnol (will settle for standard italian)

japanese

syriac

gagauz (or maybe chuvash, bashkir)

georgian

udi

malay

a papuan language (i can never decide...)

seri

[paganimagevault]

Chieftain Huba by unknown artist

"The languages spoken by the Eurasian nomad peoples are as elusive as the names that these peoples bear. The Magyars speak an Eastern Finnish language today, but in the tenth century they were bilingual. Constantine Porphyrogenitus informs us that they had become bilingual after they had absorbed the Kavars. There are more than 200 loan words in Magyar from Old Chuvash, the Turkish language which was spoken by the Volga Bulgars, who were the Magyars' neighbors when these were living to the west of the River Don. However, the Magyars ceased to be bilingual long ago. Their Finnish language has been their exclusive national language since the earliest date at which their Western neighbors became cognizant of it. The Magyars have preserved their original Finnish language in spite of their having planted themselves in the midst of Slavonic-speaking and Roumanian-speaking and German-speaking populations".

-Arnold Toynbee, Constantine Porphyrogenitus and his World, page 428

[brookston]

Holidays 4.26

Holidays

Activity Advisor Appreciation Day

Alien Day

Australian Appreciation Day

Beatrix Asteroid Day

Border Guard Day (Armenia)

Cape Henry Day (Virginia)

Chuvash Language Day (Russia)

Common Columbine Day (French Republic)

Confederate Memorial Day (Florida)

Day of Remembrance of the Chernobyl Tragedy (Belarus)

Festival of Individual Sovereignty

Football Day (Kazakhstan)

426 Day

General Prayer Day (Denmark)

Get Organized Day

High School Radio Day

Hug a Friend Day

Hug An Australian Day

Hug a Prom Sponsor

Huntingdonshire Day (England)

Internal Medicine Research Day

International Chart Day

International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day (UN)

International Choerm Day

International Day of Humor

International Day of the Penis

International Seeds Day

International Shared Parenting Day

Lesbian Visibility Day

Memorial Day of Radiation Accidents and Catastrophes (Russia)

National Audubon Day

National Dissertation Day

National Drug Take Back Day

National Garage Day

National Hand Holding Day

National Hit It From the Back Day

National Kids and Pets Day

National No Makeup Day

National Ranboo Day

National South Dakota Day

National SUDC Awareness Day (Canada)

Old Permic Alphabet Day

Parental Alienation Awareness Day

Prayer Day (Faroe Islands; Greenland)

Read Me Day

Regional Autonomy Day (Indonesia)

Remember Your First Kiss Day

Resistance Day (Day of the Uprising Against the Occupying Forces; Slovenia) [26th Unless a Sunday, then 27th]

Richter Scale Day

Secretaries’ Day (Colombia)

Self-Aware Universe Day

Shared Parenting Day (Kentucky)

Shuffleboard Day

Static Cling Day

Studio 54 Day

Sultan’s Day (Malaysia)

Tartar Language Day

Underground Nuclear Test Day

Union Day (Tanzania)

Vallenato Legend Festival begins (Colombia)

Venus Day

Visakhabousa Day (Laos)

World Burlesque Day

World Intellectual Freedom Day

World Intellectual Property Day (UN)

World Pilots’ Day

YMCA Healthy Kids Day

Food & Drink Celebrations

Beer Autism Hope Day

International Macaroni Day

National Pretzel Day

Saison Day 2025 (Allagash)

Nature Celebrations

Audubon Day

Help a Horse Day

International Flamingo Day

Lily of the Valley Day (French Republic)

National Help a Horse Day

Wallabee Day

Independence, Flag & Related Days

Aetosia (Declared; 2019) [unrecognized]

Karisradd (Declared; 2013) [unrecognized]

Kotland (Declared; 2020) [unrecognized]

Republic of Alba (Declared; 1796) [lasted 2 days]

Roskya (Declared; 2020) [unrecognized]

Tanzania (Union Day; Created by Zanzibar and Tanganyika merger; 1964)

New Year’s Days

New Year’s Seed Sowing Ceremony (Goddess of Fertility; Sierra Leone)

4th & Last Saturday in April

Abracadabra Day [Last Saturday]

Beer Clean Glass Day [4th Saturday]

Bob Wills Day (Texas) [Last Saturday]

Canadian Independent Bookstore Day (Canada) [Last Saturday]

Celebrate Trails Day [4th Saturday]

Children’s Day (Colombia) [Last Saturday]

Day of Trees (Colombia) [Last Saturday]

Doo Dah Parade Day (Pasadena, California) [Last Saturday]

Eeyore's Birthday Party (Austin, Texas) [Last Saturday]

Go Birding Day [Last Saturday]

Independent Bookstore Day [Last Saturday]

International Marconi Day [Saturday closest to 4.25]

International Sculpture Day [Last Saturday]

International Table Top Day [Last Saturday]

Local Yarn Store Day [Last Saturday]

National Day of Puppetry [4th Saturday]

National Dueling Dinosaurs Day [Last Saturday]

National First Ladies Day [Last Saturday]

National Go Birding Day [Last Saturday]

National Herb Day [Last Saturday; also 1st Saturday in May]

National Kiss of Hope Day [Last Saturday]

National Pool Opening Day [Last Saturday]

National Prepare-A-Thon! Day [Last Saturday; also 9.30]

National Prescription Drug Take Back Day [Last Saturday]

National Rebuilding Day [Last Saturday]

National Sense of Smell Day [Last Saturday]

Penguin Day [Last Saturday]

Sandwich Saturday [Every Saturday]

Save the Frogs Day [Last Saturday]

Six For Saturday [Every Saturday]

Spaghetti Saturday [Every Saturday]

World Aboriginal and Native Sacred Ceremony and Dance Day [Last Saturday]

World Activism Day [Last Saturday]

World Disco Soup Day [Last Saturday]

World Healing Day [Last Saturday]

World Healing Meditation Day [Last Saturday]

World Reiki Day [Last Saturday]

World Sufi Day [Last Saturday]

World Tai Chi & Qigong Day [Last Saturday]

World Thespian Day [Last Saturday]

World Veterinary Day [Last Saturday]

World Yoga Day [Last Saturday]

Weekly Holidays beginning April 26 (3rd Full Week of April)

Antigua Sailing Week (St. Johns, Antigua and Barbuda) [thru 5.2]

Festivals On or Beginning April 26, 2025

Asheville Bread Festival (Asheville, North Carolina) [thru 4.27]

Cabbage, Potato, and Bacon Festival (Hastings, Florida) [thru 4.27]

CBCA Clayton Art and Wine Festival (Clayton, California) [thru 4.27]

Craft Beer Festival (Long Grove, Illinois)

Crawfish Cook-Off (Slidell, Louisiana)

East Maui Taro Festival (Maui, Hawaii)

Endless Mountains Maple Festival (Troy, Pennsylvania) [thru 4.27]

Florida Wing and Dessert Battle, A Blazing & Sweet Affair! (Boca Raton, Florida)

Hudson Valley Mac & Cheese Fest (Washingtonville, New York)

Lodi Beer Festival & BBQ Championship (Lodi, California)

Massachusetts Craft Brewers Festival (Boston, Massachusetts)

Mountain Mushroom Festival (Irvine, Kentucky) [thru 4.27]

Mushroom Festival and Car Show (Mansfield, Indiana) [thru 4.27]

New Jersey Folk Festival (New Brunswick, New Jersey)

North Carolina Pickle Festival (Mount Olive, North Carolina)

Oklahoma Renaissance Festival (Muskogee, Oklahoma) [thru 4.27]

Oregon Cheese Festival (Central Point, Oregon) [thru 4.27]

Riverside Tamale Festival (Riverside, California)

Scallop Festival in Brittany (Saint-Quay-Portrieux, France) [thru 4.27]

Spring Festival at Rocky River Vineyards (Midland, North Carolina)

Taste of Claremont (Claremont, California)

Taste of St. Augustine (St. Augustine, Florida)

Tequila & Taco Festival (San Diego, California)

Tweed Run (London, UK)

Waikiki Spam Jam (Waikiki, Hawaii)

WineFest at St. Michaels (St. Michaels, Maryland) [thru 4.27]

Wine Stroll (Westminster, Maryland)

Feast Days

Aldobrandesca (a.k.a. Alda; Christian; Saint)

Anacletus, Pope (a.k.a. Cletius) and Marcellinus (Christian; Martyrs)

Basil (Christian; Saint)

The Birthday Cake (Muppetism)

Cimon (Positivist; Saint)

Cletus and Marcellinus (Christian; Martyrs)

Delphinia (Festival of Apollo; Ancient Greece)

Fairy Laughter Convention (Shamanism)

Festival of Renenutet (Ancient Egypt)

Franca Visalta (Christian; Saint)

Get Organized Day (Pastafarian)

Giamonios (Celtic Book of Days)

Hug An Australian Day (Pastafarian)

Jethro Tull Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)

Lucidius of Verona (Christian; Saint)

Mayan Rain Festival (Ancient Mayan)

Memorial of Our Lady of Good Counsel (Christian)

Moon Magick Day (Starza Pagan Book of Days)

Our Lady of Good Counsel (Christian; Saint)

Paschasius Radbertus (Christian; Saint)

Peter of Rates (or of Braga; Christian; Saint)

Rafael Arnaiz (Christian; Saint) [Diabetes]

Riquier (a.k.a. Ricardius; Christian; Saint)

Robert Hunt (Episcopal Church (USA))

Sacrifice to Zeus Epacrios (Ancient Greece)

Stephen of Perm (Christian; Saint)

Trudpert (Christian; Saint)

Visakh Bochea Day (Buddha Day; Cambodia)

Walpurgisnacht, Day IV (Pagan)

Lunar Calendar Holidays

Chinese: Month 3 (Geng-Chen), Day 29 (Yi-Chou)

Day Pillar: Metal Ox

12-Day Officers/12 Gods: Receive Day (收 Shou) [Inauspicious]

Holidays: None Known

Secular Saints Days

John James Audubon (Art)

Count Basie (Music)

Carol Burnett (Entertainment)

Eugène Delacroix (Art)

Eyvind Earle (Art)

Duane Eddy (Music)

Bruce Jay Friedman (Literature)

Jimmy Giuffre (Music)

Pete Ham (Music)

Anita Loos (Literature)

Gian Paolo Lomazzo (Art)

I.M. Pei (Architecture)

Bernard Malamud (Literature)

Ma Rainey (Music)

Edward Charles Tarbell (Art)

Roger Taylor (Music)

Morris West (Literature)

Ludwig Wittgenstein (Philosophy)

Gary Wright (Music)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Lucky Day (Philippines) [22 of 71]

Sensho (先勝 Japan) [Good luck in the morning, bad luck in the afternoon.]

Uncyclopedia Bad to Be Born Today (because the Chernobyl meltdown began.)

Premieres

American Recordings, by Johnny Cash (Album; 1994)

Ananias Has Nothing on Him (Hearst-Vitagraph News Pictorial Cartoon; 1917)

Avengers: Endgame (Film; 2019)

Bear De Guerre (The Inspector Cartoon; 1968)

Belfagor, by Ottorino Respighi (Opera; 1923)

The Bridge at Andau, by James A. Michener (History Book; 1957)

The Cat Concerto (Tom & Jerry Cartoon; 1947)

Der Captain Goes-A-Flivvering (Hearst-Vitagraph News Pictorial Cartoon; 1917)

Devils & Dust, by Bruce Springsteen (Album; 2005)

Dogtown and Z-Boys (Documentary Film; 2002)

Dragon Ball Z (Anime TV Series; 1989)

The Enchanted Wood, by Enid Blyton (Children’s Book; 1939)

Farewell, My Lovely, by Raymond Chandler (Novel; 1940)

The Fight Game (Aesop’s Film Fable Cartoon; 1929)

The Fixer, by Bernard Malamud (Novel; 1966)

4th Symphony, by Charles Ives (Symphony; 1965)

The Goose Goes South (MGM Cartoon; 1941)

Granite Hotel (Fleischer Stone Age Cartoon; 1940)

The Great Hansom Cab Mystery (Hearst-Vitagraph News Pictorial Cartoon; 1917)

Gunsmoke (Radio Series; 1952)

The Handmaid’s Tale (TV Series; 2017)

The Hyp-Nut-Tist (Fleischer Popeye Cartoon; 1935)

Homeless Cats (Aesop’s Film Fable Cartoon; 1929)

A Hot Time in the Gym (Hearst-Vitagraph News Pictorial Cartoon; 1917)

Jungle Bells (Hot Dog Walter Lantz Cartoon; 1927)

Just One of the Guys (Film; 1985)

The Lady Says No (Daffy Ditty Cartoon; 1946)

The Last Waltz, by The Band (Live Album & Concert Film; 1978)

Lobster Poster, by Little Big (Album; 2024)

Mad Melody (Aesop’s Sound Fable Cartoon; 1931)

A Modern Mother Goose (Fleischer Fun Shop Cartoon; 1924)

Moosylvania Wish Mash or A State of Confusion (Rocky & Bullwinkle Cartoon, S6, Ep. 366; 1965)

Moosylvania Saved, Part 3 (Rocky & Bullwinkle Cartoon, S6, Ep. 365; 1965)

The Muppet Musicians of Bremen (Muppet TV Special; 1972)

Neverland, by Jim Steinman (Musical Play; 1977)

The New Recruit (Hearst-Vitagraph News Pictorial Cartoon; 1917)

Nosey Ned (Gaumont Kartoon Comics Cartoon; 1916)

Peter Pan Handled (Dinky Doodle Walter Lantz Cartoon; 1925)

Pink Posies (Pink Panther Cartoon; 1967)

The Reluctant Recruit (Woody Woodpecker Cartoon; 1971)

R.F.D. 1,000,000 B.C. (Thomas A. Edison Cartoon; 1917)

Seven Samurai (Film; 1954)

Sharks Is Sharks (Hearst-Vitagraph News Pictorial Cartoon; 1917)

The Ship Who Sang, by Anne McCaffrey (Novel; 1969)

Sketchbook of Rome (Vernon Howe Bailey’s Sketchbook Cartoon; 1916)

The Steel Workers (Meany, Miny, and Moe Cartoon; 1937)

Swing Your Partner (Swing Symphony Cartoon; 1943)

Those Were Wonderful Days (WB MM Cartoon; 1934)

Three Strikes You’re Out (Hearst-Vitagraph News Pictorial Cartoon; 1917)

Throwing Copper, by Live (Album; 1994)

The Trial, by Franz Kafka (Novel; 1925)

The Trial of Mr. Wolf (WB MM Cartoon; 1941)

The Truth About Cats & Dogs (Film; 1996)

Tugboat Mickey (Mickey Mouse Disney Cartoon; 1940)

Ups ’n Downs (WB LT Cartoon; 1931)

A Waggily Tale (WB LT Cartoon; 1958)

”Weird Al” Yankovic, by Weird Al Yankovic (Album; 1983)

Yes! We Have No Bananas (Fleischer Screen Songs Cartoon; 1930)

Today’s Name Days

Helene, Trudpert (Austria)

Kleto, Maksima, Montan, Stanislav, Višnja (Croatia)

Oto (Czech Republic)

Cletus (Denmark)

Eesi, Reesi, Teesi, Teisi, Tereese (Estonia)

Teresa, Terttu, Tessa (Finland)

Alida (France)

Consuela, Helene (Germany)

Glafyra (Greece)

Ervin (Hungary)

Alida, Bianca, Cleto, Marcellino (Italy)

Alīna, Geraldine, Rusins, Sandris (Latvia)

Dargailė, Gailenis, Klaudijus (Lithuania)

Tea, Terese (Norway)

Artemon, Klaudiusz, Klet, Marcelin, Marcelina, Maria, Marzena, Spycimir (Poland)

Chindeu, Chiril, Tasie, Vasile (Romania)

Jaroslava (Slovakia)

Isidoro (Spain)

Terese, Teresia (Sweden)

Clarence, DeMarco, Demarcus, Demario (USA)

Today’s National Name Days

National Ai Day

National Gabriel Day

National Jason Day

Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 116 of 2025; 249 days remaining in the year

ISO Week: Day 6 of Week 17 of 2025

Celtic Tree Calendar: Saille (Willow) [Day 12 of 28]

Chinese: Month 3 (Geng-Chen), Day 29 (Yi-Chou)

Chinese Year of the: Snake 4723 (until February 17, 2026) [Ding-Chou]

Coptic: 18 Barmundah 1741

Druid Tree Calendar: Walnut (April 21-30) [Day 6 of 10]

Hebrew: 28 Nisan 5785

Islamic: 27 Shawwal 1446

Julian: 13 April 2025

Moon: 2%: Waning Crescent

Positivist: 4 Caesar (5th Month) [Cimon]

Runic Half Month: Man (Humanity) [Day 13 of 15] (thru 4.28)

Season: Spring (Day 37 of 92)

SUn Calendar: 26 Cyan; Fryday [27 of 30]

Week: 3rd Full Week of April

Zodiac:

Tropical (Typical) Zodiac: Taurus (Day 7 of 31)

Sidereal Zodiac: Aries (Day 13 of 31)

Schmidt Zodiac: Aries (Day 11 of 31)

IAU Boundaries (Current) Zodiac: Aries (Day 8 of 25)

IAU Boundaries (1977) Zodiac: Aries (Day 8 of 25)

[kutyozh]

I have to ask you, as the certified language playlist expert of tumblr if you have any musical recommendations for me. I am slightly in love (huge understatement) with the sound of the Russian band Shortparis but nothing else I know hits the same. Is there anything out there that will heal my art punk soul?

--- all the best, Sasha

muuum i'm the certified language playlist expert of tumblr nowww

hhasjkdfdj hi Sasha!! first of all, I just listened to their top songs and they slap?? I can totally feel why nothing else would hit the same 😭 their music has a very specific vibe to it, but I've tried to find similar-ish sounds anyway:

in russian:

Петля Пристрастия, I don't know their discography very well but you might want to check it out; esp. their album Фобос

По пятам by Лиса

3x3 by Gruppa Skryptonite, 104, T-Fest

Yamakasi by Miyagi & Andy Panda

in other languages:

Ул by AIGEL (tatar)

Ophelia by George Taylor (english)

Neturėjom Dainos by Solo Ansamblis (lithuanian)

Everything In Its Right Place by Radiohead (english)

Ah, Anne by Augusta (chuvash)

BIBA by Farasat Anees, Slick Trick, Toshi (urdu)

Qustai by Qudyr (qazaq)

Süpürgesi Yoncadan by Altin Gül (turkish)

Rat In The Trap by GIRIBOY (korean, english)

Alala by CSS (portuguese)

Oh My God by Sevdaliza (english)

Усе песні спетыя by AKUTE (belarusian)

Cradles by Sub Urban (english)

Gender Eraser by Mad Foxes (english)

Truly hope this helps 🙏

[humongsstuff-binbin0111]

Greetings in some languages of Turkic (Turkish, Azerbaijani, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Turkmen, Uzbek, Bashkir, Tatar, Chuvash, Caucasian Turkic, Siberian Turkic, and more).

[brookstonalmanac]

Holidays 4.26

Holidays

Activity Advisor Appreciation Day

Alien Day

Australian Appreciation Day

Beatrix Asteroid Day

Border Guard Day (Armenia)

Cape Henry Day (Virginia)

Chuvash Language Day (Russia)

Common Columbine Day (French Republic)

Confederate Memorial Day (Florida)

Day of Remembrance of the Chernobyl Tragedy (Belarus)

Festival of Individual Sovereignty

Football Day (Kazakhstan)

426 Day

General Prayer Day (Denmark)

Get Organized Day

High School Radio Day

Hug a Friend Day

Hug An Australian Day

Hug a Prom Sponsor

Huntingdonshire Day (England)

Internal Medicine Research Day

International Chart Day

International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day (UN)

International Choerm Day

International Day of Humor

International Day of the Penis

International Seeds Day

International Shared Parenting Day

Lesbian Visibility Day

Memorial Day of Radiation Accidents and Catastrophes (Russia)

National Audubon Day

National Dissertation Day

National Drug Take Back Day

National Garage Day

National Hand Holding Day

National Hit It From the Back Day

National Kids and Pets Day

National No Makeup Day

National Ranboo Day

National South Dakota Day

National SUDC Awareness Day (Canada)

Old Permic Alphabet Day

Parental Alienation Awareness Day

Prayer Day (Faroe Islands; Greenland)

Read Me Day

Regional Autonomy Day (Indonesia)

Remember Your First Kiss Day

Resistance Day (Day of the Uprising Against the Occupying Forces; Slovenia) [26th Unless a Sunday, then 27th]

Richter Scale Day

Secretaries’ Day (Colombia)

Self-Aware Universe Day

Shared Parenting Day (Kentucky)

Shuffleboard Day

Static Cling Day

Studio 54 Day

Sultan’s Day (Malaysia)

Tartar Language Day

Underground Nuclear Test Day

Union Day (Tanzania)

Vallenato Legend Festival begins (Colombia)

Venus Day

Visakhabousa Day (Laos)

World Burlesque Day

World Intellectual Freedom Day

World Intellectual Property Day (UN)

World Pilots’ Day

YMCA Healthy Kids Day

Food & Drink Celebrations

Beer Autism Hope Day

International Macaroni Day

National Pretzel Day

Saison Day 2025 (Allagash)

Nature Celebrations

Audubon Day

Help a Horse Day

International Flamingo Day

Lily of the Valley Day (French Republic)

National Help a Horse Day

Wallabee Day

Independence, Flag & Related Days

Aetosia (Declared; 2019) [unrecognized]

Karisradd (Declared; 2013) [unrecognized]

Kotland (Declared; 2020) [unrecognized]

Republic of Alba (Declared; 1796) [lasted 2 days]

Roskya (Declared; 2020) [unrecognized]

Tanzania (Union Day; Created by Zanzibar and Tanganyika merger; 1964)

New Year’s Days

New Year’s Seed Sowing Ceremony (Goddess of Fertility; Sierra Leone)

4th & Last Saturday in April

Abracadabra Day [Last Saturday]

Beer Clean Glass Day [4th Saturday]

Bob Wills Day (Texas) [Last Saturday]

Canadian Independent Bookstore Day (Canada) [Last Saturday]

Celebrate Trails Day [4th Saturday]

Children’s Day (Colombia) [Last Saturday]

Day of Trees (Colombia) [Last Saturday]

Doo Dah Parade Day (Pasadena, California) [Last Saturday]

Eeyore's Birthday Party (Austin, Texas) [Last Saturday]

Go Birding Day [Last Saturday]

Independent Bookstore Day [Last Saturday]

International Marconi Day [Saturday closest to 4.25]

International Sculpture Day [Last Saturday]

International Table Top Day [Last Saturday]

Local Yarn Store Day [Last Saturday]

National Day of Puppetry [4th Saturday]

National Dueling Dinosaurs Day [Last Saturday]

National First Ladies Day [Last Saturday]

National Go Birding Day [Last Saturday]

National Herb Day [Last Saturday; also 1st Saturday in May]

National Kiss of Hope Day [Last Saturday]

National Pool Opening Day [Last Saturday]

National Prepare-A-Thon! Day [Last Saturday; also 9.30]

National Prescription Drug Take Back Day [Last Saturday]

National Rebuilding Day [Last Saturday]

National Sense of Smell Day [Last Saturday]

Penguin Day [Last Saturday]

Sandwich Saturday [Every Saturday]

Save the Frogs Day [Last Saturday]

Six For Saturday [Every Saturday]

Spaghetti Saturday [Every Saturday]

World Aboriginal and Native Sacred Ceremony and Dance Day [Last Saturday]

World Activism Day [Last Saturday]

World Disco Soup Day [Last Saturday]

World Healing Day [Last Saturday]

World Healing Meditation Day [Last Saturday]

World Reiki Day [Last Saturday]

World Sufi Day [Last Saturday]

World Tai Chi & Qigong Day [Last Saturday]

World Thespian Day [Last Saturday]

World Veterinary Day [Last Saturday]

World Yoga Day [Last Saturday]

Weekly Holidays beginning April 26 (3rd Full Week of April)

Antigua Sailing Week (St. Johns, Antigua and Barbuda) [thru 5.2]

Festivals On or Beginning April 26, 2025

Asheville Bread Festival (Asheville, North Carolina) [thru 4.27]

Cabbage, Potato, and Bacon Festival (Hastings, Florida) [thru 4.27]

CBCA Clayton Art and Wine Festival (Clayton, California) [thru 4.27]

Craft Beer Festival (Long Grove, Illinois)

Crawfish Cook-Off (Slidell, Louisiana)

East Maui Taro Festival (Maui, Hawaii)

Endless Mountains Maple Festival (Troy, Pennsylvania) [thru 4.27]

Florida Wing and Dessert Battle, A Blazing & Sweet Affair! (Boca Raton, Florida)

Hudson Valley Mac & Cheese Fest (Washingtonville, New York)

Lodi Beer Festival & BBQ Championship (Lodi, California)

Massachusetts Craft Brewers Festival (Boston, Massachusetts)

Mountain Mushroom Festival (Irvine, Kentucky) [thru 4.27]

Mushroom Festival and Car Show (Mansfield, Indiana) [thru 4.27]

New Jersey Folk Festival (New Brunswick, New Jersey)

North Carolina Pickle Festival (Mount Olive, North Carolina)

Oklahoma Renaissance Festival (Muskogee, Oklahoma) [thru 4.27]

Oregon Cheese Festival (Central Point, Oregon) [thru 4.27]

Riverside Tamale Festival (Riverside, California)

Scallop Festival in Brittany (Saint-Quay-Portrieux, France) [thru 4.27]

Spring Festival at Rocky River Vineyards (Midland, North Carolina)

Taste of Claremont (Claremont, California)

Taste of St. Augustine (St. Augustine, Florida)

Tequila & Taco Festival (San Diego, California)

Tweed Run (London, UK)

Waikiki Spam Jam (Waikiki, Hawaii)

WineFest at St. Michaels (St. Michaels, Maryland) [thru 4.27]

Wine Stroll (Westminster, Maryland)

Feast Days

Aldobrandesca (a.k.a. Alda; Christian; Saint)

Anacletus, Pope (a.k.a. Cletius) and Marcellinus (Christian; Martyrs)

Basil (Christian; Saint)

The Birthday Cake (Muppetism)

Cimon (Positivist; Saint)

Cletus and Marcellinus (Christian; Martyrs)

Delphinia (Festival of Apollo; Ancient Greece)

Fairy Laughter Convention (Shamanism)

Festival of Renenutet (Ancient Egypt)

Franca Visalta (Christian; Saint)

Get Organized Day (Pastafarian)

Giamonios (Celtic Book of Days)

Hug An Australian Day (Pastafarian)

Jethro Tull Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)

Lucidius of Verona (Christian; Saint)

Mayan Rain Festival (Ancient Mayan)

Memorial of Our Lady of Good Counsel (Christian)

Moon Magick Day (Starza Pagan Book of Days)

Our Lady of Good Counsel (Christian; Saint)

Paschasius Radbertus (Christian; Saint)

Peter of Rates (or of Braga; Christian; Saint)

Rafael Arnaiz (Christian; Saint) [Diabetes]

Riquier (a.k.a. Ricardius; Christian; Saint)

Robert Hunt (Episcopal Church (USA))

Sacrifice to Zeus Epacrios (Ancient Greece)

Stephen of Perm (Christian; Saint)

Trudpert (Christian; Saint)

Visakh Bochea Day (Buddha Day; Cambodia)

Walpurgisnacht, Day IV (Pagan)

Lunar Calendar Holidays

Chinese: Month 3 (Geng-Chen), Day 29 (Yi-Chou)

Day Pillar: Metal Ox

12-Day Officers/12 Gods: Receive Day (收 Shou) [Inauspicious]

Holidays: None Known

Secular Saints Days

John James Audubon (Art)

Count Basie (Music)

Carol Burnett (Entertainment)

Eugène Delacroix (Art)

Eyvind Earle (Art)

Duane Eddy (Music)

Bruce Jay Friedman (Literature)

Jimmy Giuffre (Music)

Pete Ham (Music)

Anita Loos (Literature)

Gian Paolo Lomazzo (Art)

I.M. Pei (Architecture)

Bernard Malamud (Literature)

Ma Rainey (Music)

Edward Charles Tarbell (Art)

Roger Taylor (Music)

Morris West (Literature)

Ludwig Wittgenstein (Philosophy)

Gary Wright (Music)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Lucky Day (Philippines) [22 of 71]

Sensho (先勝 Japan) [Good luck in the morning, bad luck in the afternoon.]

Uncyclopedia Bad to Be Born Today (because the Chernobyl meltdown began.)

Premieres

American Recordings, by Johnny Cash (Album; 1994)

Ananias Has Nothing on Him (Hearst-Vitagraph News Pictorial Cartoon; 1917)

Avengers: Endgame (Film; 2019)

Bear De Guerre (The Inspector Cartoon; 1968)

Belfagor, by Ottorino Respighi (Opera; 1923)

The Bridge at Andau, by James A. Michener (History Book; 1957)

The Cat Concerto (Tom & Jerry Cartoon; 1947)

Der Captain Goes-A-Flivvering (Hearst-Vitagraph News Pictorial Cartoon; 1917)

Devils & Dust, by Bruce Springsteen (Album; 2005)

Dogtown and Z-Boys (Documentary Film; 2002)

Dragon Ball Z (Anime TV Series; 1989)

The Enchanted Wood, by Enid Blyton (Children’s Book; 1939)

Farewell, My Lovely, by Raymond Chandler (Novel; 1940)

The Fight Game (Aesop’s Film Fable Cartoon; 1929)

The Fixer, by Bernard Malamud (Novel; 1966)

4th Symphony, by Charles Ives (Symphony; 1965)

The Goose Goes South (MGM Cartoon; 1941)

Granite Hotel (Fleischer Stone Age Cartoon; 1940)

The Great Hansom Cab Mystery (Hearst-Vitagraph News Pictorial Cartoon; 1917)

Gunsmoke (Radio Series; 1952)

The Handmaid’s Tale (TV Series; 2017)

The Hyp-Nut-Tist (Fleischer Popeye Cartoon; 1935)

Homeless Cats (Aesop’s Film Fable Cartoon; 1929)

A Hot Time in the Gym (Hearst-Vitagraph News Pictorial Cartoon; 1917)

Jungle Bells (Hot Dog Walter Lantz Cartoon; 1927)

Just One of the Guys (Film; 1985)

The Lady Says No (Daffy Ditty Cartoon; 1946)

The Last Waltz, by The Band (Live Album & Concert Film; 1978)

Lobster Poster, by Little Big (Album; 2024)

Mad Melody (Aesop’s Sound Fable Cartoon; 1931)

A Modern Mother Goose (Fleischer Fun Shop Cartoon; 1924)

Moosylvania Wish Mash or A State of Confusion (Rocky & Bullwinkle Cartoon, S6, Ep. 366; 1965)

Moosylvania Saved, Part 3 (Rocky & Bullwinkle Cartoon, S6, Ep. 365; 1965)

The Muppet Musicians of Bremen (Muppet TV Special; 1972)

Neverland, by Jim Steinman (Musical Play; 1977)

The New Recruit (Hearst-Vitagraph News Pictorial Cartoon; 1917)

Nosey Ned (Gaumont Kartoon Comics Cartoon; 1916)

Peter Pan Handled (Dinky Doodle Walter Lantz Cartoon; 1925)

Pink Posies (Pink Panther Cartoon; 1967)

The Reluctant Recruit (Woody Woodpecker Cartoon; 1971)

R.F.D. 1,000,000 B.C. (Thomas A. Edison Cartoon; 1917)

Seven Samurai (Film; 1954)

Sharks Is Sharks (Hearst-Vitagraph News Pictorial Cartoon; 1917)

The Ship Who Sang, by Anne McCaffrey (Novel; 1969)

Sketchbook of Rome (Vernon Howe Bailey’s Sketchbook Cartoon; 1916)

The Steel Workers (Meany, Miny, and Moe Cartoon; 1937)

Swing Your Partner (Swing Symphony Cartoon; 1943)

Those Were Wonderful Days (WB MM Cartoon; 1934)

Three Strikes You’re Out (Hearst-Vitagraph News Pictorial Cartoon; 1917)

Throwing Copper, by Live (Album; 1994)

The Trial, by Franz Kafka (Novel; 1925)

The Trial of Mr. Wolf (WB MM Cartoon; 1941)

The Truth About Cats & Dogs (Film; 1996)

Tugboat Mickey (Mickey Mouse Disney Cartoon; 1940)

Ups ’n Downs (WB LT Cartoon; 1931)

A Waggily Tale (WB LT Cartoon; 1958)

”Weird Al” Yankovic, by Weird Al Yankovic (Album; 1983)

Yes! We Have No Bananas (Fleischer Screen Songs Cartoon; 1930)

Today’s Name Days

Helene, Trudpert (Austria)

Kleto, Maksima, Montan, Stanislav, Višnja (Croatia)

Oto (Czech Republic)

Cletus (Denmark)

Eesi, Reesi, Teesi, Teisi, Tereese (Estonia)

Teresa, Terttu, Tessa (Finland)

Alida (France)

Consuela, Helene (Germany)

Glafyra (Greece)

Ervin (Hungary)

Alida, Bianca, Cleto, Marcellino (Italy)

Alīna, Geraldine, Rusins, Sandris (Latvia)

Dargailė, Gailenis, Klaudijus (Lithuania)

Tea, Terese (Norway)

Artemon, Klaudiusz, Klet, Marcelin, Marcelina, Maria, Marzena, Spycimir (Poland)

Chindeu, Chiril, Tasie, Vasile (Romania)

Jaroslava (Slovakia)

Isidoro (Spain)

Terese, Teresia (Sweden)

Clarence, DeMarco, Demarcus, Demario (USA)

Today’s National Name Days

National Ai Day

National Gabriel Day

National Jason Day

Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 116 of 2025; 249 days remaining in the year

ISO Week: Day 6 of Week 17 of 2025

Celtic Tree Calendar: Saille (Willow) [Day 12 of 28]

Chinese: Month 3 (Geng-Chen), Day 29 (Yi-Chou)

Chinese Year of the: Snake 4723 (until February 17, 2026) [Ding-Chou]

Coptic: 18 Barmundah 1741

Druid Tree Calendar: Walnut (April 21-30) [Day 6 of 10]

Hebrew: 28 Nisan 5785

Islamic: 27 Shawwal 1446

Julian: 13 April 2025

Moon: 2%: Waning Crescent

Positivist: 4 Caesar (5th Month) [Cimon]

Runic Half Month: Man (Humanity) [Day 13 of 15] (thru 4.28)

Season: Spring (Day 37 of 92)

SUn Calendar: 26 Cyan; Fryday [27 of 30]

Week: 3rd Full Week of April

Zodiac:

Tropical (Typical) Zodiac: Taurus (Day 7 of 31)

Sidereal Zodiac: Aries (Day 13 of 31)

Schmidt Zodiac: Aries (Day 11 of 31)

IAU Boundaries (Current) Zodiac: Aries (Day 8 of 25)

IAU Boundaries (1977) Zodiac: Aries (Day 8 of 25)

[gerardwaygirlmoments]

Likewise.

Hence why I plan on learning Syriac.

Like I said.

Outside of the Assyrian communities very few people speak it, aside from maybe some Maronites and some Indian Syriac Christians in Kerala.

Plus I figure I may as well learn something what with me being an Irishman what can’t speak Irish.

In addition to Syriac I also have plans to learn Armenian.

And perhaps even Navajo, Basque, Chuvash, Georgian and Adyghe (a Circassian language). Hypothetically…

My dream is to learn a million languages but I really doubt that’ll happen. I’m gonna try to get Hebrew down and after that I think I can get Arabic. Idk what other Semitic languages there are but I can probably get then. Idk what after that if anything.

I should’ve started with Spanish or something but I’m Ashkenazi Jewish so I have more cultural connection to Hebrew. Also considering languages from my European heritage (German, Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Yiddish) but idk.

I also have a friend who’s Armenian, which is neat. We’ve only talked about that once tho and I probably don’t want to push her on that.

[caesarsaladinn]

The origin of the word Balkan is obscure; it may be related to Turkishbālk 'mud' (from Proto-Turkic *bal 'mud, clay; thick or gluey substance', cf. also Turkic bal 'honey'), and the Turkish suffix an 'swampy forest'[7] or Persian bālā-khāna 'big high house'.[8] Related words are also found in other Turkic languages: Karakhanid balčɨq or balɨq, Turkish balčɨk, Tatar balčɨq, Middle Turkic balčɨq or palčɨq, Uzbek balčıq, Uighur balčuq, Azerbaijani palčɨg, Turkmen palčɨq, Khakassian palčax, Oyrat bal-qaš, Khalaj palčoq, Chuvash pɨlǯk, Yakut bɨlɨ̄k, Tuvinian balɣaš or malɣaš, Tofalar balxaš, Kazakh balšɨq or balqaš, Noghai balšɨq, Bashkir balsɨq, Karaim balčɨq, Salar palčɨx, Kumyk balčɨq.[9][10] It was used mainly during the time of the Ottoman Empire. In modern Turkishbalkan means 'chain of wooded mountains'.[11][12]

well that does not help at all

[herachatume]

Art group and fashion brand HӖRACHA was created in St. Petersburg by Isenkkel and Vella Akhtimer. The group's field of study are contemporary art and fashion design. The area of ​​interest include the Chuvash traditional culture, technology, hybrid art. The artists explore the theme of self-identification in the global world and other existential problems. They work in such mediums as clothing, installation, video and sound.

"Hĕracha" means "a girl" in chuvash language. In their work, designers are inspired by the Chuvash culture: costume, traditions, fairy tales and myths; they deconstruct it and place the newly assembled elements into a romantic futuristic reality.

HӖRACHA clothers and objects are made in Saint-Petersburg by the designers themselves, embroidery is also produced in the studio in Chivashia.

[lesblizzard-ultradyke]

pros of me learning Chuvash:

I'll understand what my grandmother says

I'll be able to surprise my grandmother

I'll be able to read my great great grandfather's letter in his language (very important for my well being)

I'll be able to translate songs I like to chuvash (I don't why though)

I'll become multilingual

I'll know all three: very gendered language, slightly gendered language and not gendered at all language. I think this will make learning languages easier once I know all the

I'll start writing songs in chuvash and bring our language and culture back (big plans)

[tuxankhamun]

bro, how do you feel about the turkish language?

i don't hate the turkish language but i despise turkey. i'm partial to other turkic languages tho such as chuvash and bashkir