#structural systems

[shellfishbastard]

You ever drop 16 8x6 boards on your toe

[321arka]

Structural engineering is a field dedicated to the design and analysis of safe and efficient structures capable of withstanding various types of loads. Among the critical considerations in structural design is the ability to resist lateral loads, such as wind, seismic forces, and other horizontal pressures.

Understanding Moment Resisting Frames

Moment Resisting Frames (MRFs) are structural systems designed to resist lateral loads by utilizing the moment resistance developed in their frame members. These frames are commonly employed in high-rise buildings, bridges, industrial facilities, and other structures where stability against lateral forces is paramount.

The primary mechanism by which MRFs resist lateral loads is through the development of bending moments in the frame elements, typically beams and columns. By providing sufficient stiffness and strength in these members, MRFs can effectively transfer lateral loads as bending moments throughout the structure, thereby mitigating the effects of lateral forces.

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[tsa24city-hostel]

"FRAMES + SLABS", excerpt from Jonathan Ochshorn's book STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS for Architects and Builders; see above link to this excellent resource for STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS by Jonathan Ochshorn who taught structure for years at Cornell.

_ik

[chronicbitchsyndrome]

so: masking: good, unequivocally. please mask and please educate others on why they should mask to make the world safer for immune compromised people to participate in.

however: masking is not my policy focus and it shouldn't be yours, either. masking is a very good mitigation against droplet-born illnesses and a slightly less effective (but still very good) mitigation against airborne illnesses, but its place in the pyramid of mitigation demands is pretty low, for several reasons:

it's an individual mitigation, not a systemic one. the best mitigations to make public life more accessible affect everyone without distributing the majority of the effort among individuals (who may not be able to comply, may not have access to education on how to comply, or may be actively malicious).

it's a post-hoc mitigation, or to put it another way, it's a band-aid over the underlying problem. even if it was possible to enforce, universal masking still wouldn't address the underlying problem that it is dangerous for sick people and immune compromised people to be in the same public locations to begin with. this is a solvable problem! we have created the societal conditions for this problem!

here are my policy focuses:

upgraded air filtration and ventilation systems for all public buildings. appropriate ventilation should be just as bog-standard as appropriately clean running water. an indoor venue without a ventilation system capable of performing 5 complete air changes per hour should be like encountering a public restroom without any sinks or hand sanitizer stations whatsoever.

enforced paid sick leave for all employees until 3-5 days without symptoms. the vast majority of respiratory and food-borne illnesses circulate through industry sectors where employees come into work while experiencing symptoms. a taco bell worker should never be making food while experiencing strep throat symptoms, even without a strep diagnosis.

enforced virtual schooling options for sick students. the other vast majority of respiratory and food-borne illnesses circulate through schools. the proximity of so many kids and teenagers together indoors (with little to no proper ventilation and high levels of physical activity) means that if even one person comes to school sick, hundreds will be infected in the following few days. those students will most likely infect their parents as well. allowing students to complete all readings and coursework through sites like blackboard or compass while sick will cut down massively on disease transmission.

accessible testing for everyone. not just for COVID; if there's a test for any contagious illness capable of being performed outside of lab conditions, there should be a regulated option for performing that test at home (similar to COVID rapid tests). if a test can only be performed under lab conditions, there should be a government-subsidized program to provide free of charge testing to anyone who needs it, through urgent cares and pharmacies.

the last thing to note is that these things stack; upgraded ventilation systems in all public buildings mean that students and employees get sick less often to begin with, making it less burdensome for students and employees to be absent due to sickness, and making it more likely that sick individuals will choose to stay home themselves (since it's not so costly for them).

masking is great! keep masking! please use masking as a rhetorical "this is what we can do as individuals to make public life safer while we're pushing for drastic policy changes," and don't get complacent in either direction--don't assume that masking is all you need to do or an acceptable forever-solution, and equally, don't fall prey to thinking that pushing for policy change "makes up" for not masking in public. it's not a game with scores and sides; masking is a material thing you can do to help the individual people you interact with one by one, and policy changes are what's going to make the entirety of public life safer for all immune compromised people.

[communistkenobi]

the crazy thing about systemic oppression is that it actually doesn’t require the active conscious participation by millions of random individuals all spontaneously deciding to be bigoted for oppression to work

[knifearo]

being aromantic is like. hey btw you're going to live a life that is the culmination of most of society's worst nightmares. sorry lol ✌️ but then you turn around and take a really good hard look at it and it turns out that living in that nightmare is fucking awesome and you get to wake up every day and take that fear that other people have and laugh and hold it close until it's a great joy for you instead. and being happy is a radical act that you define instead of someone else. and you're sexy as fuck that's just a fact of life i don't make the rules on that one

[vaguely-concerned]

I think it says almost everything you need to know about varric that his reaction to the blackwall reveal is like... 'oh thank GOD you're a child murderer. for a hot second there I thought you were something much much worse' '.......like what' 'boring to me personally'

[thestuffedalligator]

God do I think a lot about the bit in Monstrous Regiment about old women.

"Women had to cover their hair on Fridays, but there was nothing about this in the Book, which was pretty dar—pretty damn rigorous about most things. It was just a custom. It was done because it had always been done. And if you forgot, or didn’t want to, the old women got you. They had eyes like hawks. They could practically see through walls. And the men took notice, because no man wanted to cross the crones in case they started watching him, so half-hearted punishment would be dealt out. Whenever there was an execution, and especially when there was a whipping, you always found the grannies in the front row, sucking on peppermints."

I can't explain why, I just. God this bit haunts me. This is the most resonant idea that's lived with me for months after I read MR.

[wonderhorror-sys]

my biggest advice for (especially but not exclusively new(ly discovered)) systems is... to take everyones advice with a grain of salt. whats good for one system is catestrophically bad for another. a lot of posts frame their advice as perfect and infallible (which i doubt is intentional on the posters part), but it really isnt. just do what works best for your system.

[qwantzfeed]

oh i'm just laying down a tarp in the living room for - yeah, exactly, for board games night

[321arka]

In the realm of civil engineering and materials science, quality assessment and control is paramount to ensure the safety, longevity, and structural integrity of constructions. One essential tool in this endeavour is the Sieve Analysis Test.

This test plays a crucial role in determining the particle size distribution of aggregates, both coarse and fine, offering insights into the material's engineering properties.

In this comprehensive article, we delve into the intricacies of the Sieve Analysis Test, exploring its purpose, advantages, disadvantages, uses, and related concepts, and providing a step-by-step guide to its execution.

Understanding the Sieve Analysis Test

The Sieve Analysis Test, often referred to as the Gradation Test, is a fundamental procedure used to quantify the distribution of particle sizes in aggregates. Aggregates, including materials like sand, gravel, and crushed stone, constitute the foundation of various construction projects, including roads, buildings, and other critical infrastructure.

The properties of these aggregates, particularly their particle size distribution, significantly influence the workability, strength, and overall performance of concrete and other construction materials.

The Sieve Analysis Test involves passing a sample of the aggregate through a series of progressively finer sieves (meshed screens), each having specific sieve openings. As the material is sieved, particles larger than the sieve openings are retained on the sieve, while smaller particles pass through.

The resulting data offers valuable insights into the grading of the material, which is the distribution of particle sizes within the aggregate.

Advantages of the Sieve Analysis Test

The Sieve Analysis Test provides several advantages that contribute to its widespread usage in the construction industry:

1. Quality Control

Construction projects require a high level of quality control. By analyzing the particle size distribution, engineers and quality control personnel can assess the consistency and quality of aggregates. This helps ensure that the aggregates used in construction meet the required specifications, minimizing the risk of structural failure and enhancing the overall durability of the project.

2. Performance Prediction

The particle size distribution of aggregates has a direct impact on the properties of concrete and other mixtures. Engineers can use the Sieve Analysis Test results to predict the behaviour of these materials in real-world applications. This information is vital for designing mixtures with optimal workability, density, and strength, ensuring the long-term performance of constructed structures.

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[raayllum]

I get that in general a lot of kids shows do utilize the protagonists ('good guys') in ways where they're supposed to be role models, particularly because some do have a "lesson of the week" where the character does bad things, then clearly learns and explains what they should've done instead by the end of the episode.

That has just... never been how TDP has operated, and I don't get how and why people think we're supposed to take what anyone does in the show as being unilaterally good or evil. Particularly in arc 2; any moral simplicity that was hanging on by a thread in arc 1 has been taken out back and shot numerous times by now.

TDP very rarely calls anything Evil or Good, and when it does, it's always filtered through the characters' biases, and rarely does more then 2-3 characters ever have the same opinion on something for the same reasons. Soren and Rayla, who have inverted character arcs, are some of the only characters to ever use the term villain / good guys or bad guys, and are two of the most staunchly black-and-white thinking characters, heavily to their detriment, I might add, in terms of coping with the increasing complexity of their lives. They have cognitive biases. They're not always right, and are frequently wrong. This is true for everyone in the show.

The show refuses to condemn murder, indirectly and directly condemns the expulsion of humans from Xadia routinely (Evrkynd being a city for everyone, Ezran arguing with Karim, who is the most wrong about the most things), and shows a variety of viewpoints on all things.

The show understands that the choices people make—whether the same character trait is a flaw or a strength—as well as 'moral' choices are all circumstantial.

Are you wrong to burn people alive? Mostly yes (2x07, 6x08) but also no (3x09). Are you wrong to kill people? Sometimes yes, sometimes no, sometimes whether it's 'wrong' or 'right' doesn't even factor in. Are you wrong to use dark magic, or use the dangerous Staff of Ziard, or coin someone and condemn them to a 'fate worse than death'? Sometimes yes, sometimes no. Is lying or hiding the truth to protect someone wrong? Sometimes yes (1x06, 2x03, 3x03, 5x01, 7x04, 7x06) sometimes no (1x02, 2x03, 6x06, 5x08, 7x08).

Are you doing the right thing?

Do you have no choice? Is that true, or is that just what you think, or how you rationalize it yourself?

When is it right or cowardly to leave (Viren, Lissa, Rayla, Callum, Ezran, the Cosmic Council, the offer made to Karim's troops)? When should you stay? When do you decide to share resources (2x05) to your potential detriment or withhold them in the name of protecting yourself and your own people (Xadia and magic)? At what point(s) do you prioritize your own pain and grief, or someone else's (i.e. the Keeper vs Callum vs Ezran)? At what point is someone too dangerous or 'too far gone' to keep alive (Runaan about Harrow, Ezran about Aaravos)? At what point do you decide someone cannot change? When do you refuse to change (Karim, Terry) who you are no matter what happens, and when do you decide that you must (Ezran, Soren)? When is it wrong to use illusions to trick someone (3x09 and 7x06) and when is it more reasonable (2x03)? When should you be willing to sacrifice others (Rayla with her family, Runaan and Rayla with Callum, Soren with Viren) and when should you refuse? When should you sacrifice yourself, and when it is wrong to? Did you betray them, or did they betray you, or both (usually both)? When should you betray or stay loyal to your family? What is the right thing to do?

The show, tbh, doesn't know, at least 90% of the time. It's not interested in knowing. It's interested in exploring. That's the whole point. At most, it says you should work towards harm reduction, but what constitutes harm, and what peace looks like, is also something that greatly differs for all the characters.

Rayla is willing to sacrifice the love of her life, Ezran is willing to create weapons of mass destruction and wield one, and Callum used a torture spell on someone when he absolutely did not have to. The idea that any of the protagonists are meant to be paragons of unblemished virtue who are always 100% right, or that any of the antagonists do not canonically have a good point of contention with anything that's happened and are always 100% wrong, is reductive to everything the show is and explores, because it is Quite Literally not what the show does, ever tbh.

They literally spelled it out this past season as a core theme; I don't think they needed to have a character directly point it out every time a main character did something that was Kinda Fucked Up or Complicated But Understandable to know that the show knows it was Canonically Fucked Up or Complicated But Understandable.

There is not a single character or action in TDP that is always right, and there is not a singular character or action in TDP that is always wrong. Hell, even narrowing it down to "this is 'right' or 'wrong'" feels counterintuitive because it's so subjective within the narrative.

Every choice the characters make is often well reasoned, aligns with their values and world views, and fits into how they work through problems. Every choice has benefits and consequences, for them or for others. That doesn't mean it's Right for everyone involved. That doesn't mean it's Wrong for everyone involved. That's what makes the show interesting. Everything has nuance. Everything has Complexity. I'm not interested in a simplified version of TDP. I'm interested in the show as is.

I hope you are, too.

[garadinervi]

Ken Isaacs, Knowledge Box, (exterior view), 1962 [MAAT – Museu de Arte, Arquitetura e Tecnologia, Lisboa. Courtesy the University Archives and Special Collections, Paul V. Galvin Library, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL]

In Ken Isaacs, the Matrix and the Establishment of the Quintessentially Modern, Interview with Susan Snodgrass by Maria Kruglyak / maat, MAAT – Museu de Arte, Arquitetura e Tecnologia, Lisboa, August 17, 2022

[roridomyces]

Triptych

[granulesofsand]

Asking myself “who am I?”

Overdone

Existential dread

Results in abstract changes to development and perception of self

Asking my headmates “who am I?”

Underutilized resource

Straight answer

Results in the information I wanted being made available