Grammar -(์ผ)ใน ๋ฐ์ Might as well, I would rather..
์ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ์ผ์ด ํ์์ ๊ธฐ๋์ ๋ชป ๋ฏธ์ณ์ ์ด์ฉ ๋ ์์ด ๋ค ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ์ ํํจ์ ๋ํ๋ธ๋ค.ย
~(์ผ)ใน ๋ฐ์(์ผ/๋) = In a situation where ____ I would rather/it would be better to ____.
When you link two actions with -(์ผ)ใน ๋ฐ์, you imply that the first action or option is much worse than the second action or option, or it is so disappointing that you would rather choose the second option.ย
์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ, ์คํ๋ ค, -(์ผ)๋ ๊ฒ ๋ณด๋ค๋
๋ฐ is a dependent noun that is rarely used on its own, and when paired with other verbs, ๋ฐ can mean โmethodโ, โcontentโ, or โsituationโ. Used in -(์ผ)ใน ๋ฐ์, ๋ฐ means โsituationโ or โfactโ
Verb stem + -(์ผ)ใน ๋ฐ์
= Verb stem + -(์ผ)ใน ๋ฐ์์ผ
= Verb stem + -(์ผ)ใน ๋ฐ์๋
examples:
์์ ๋ผ๋ฉด์ ๋จน์ ๋ฐ์๋ ๊ทธ๋ฅ ์ ๋จน์๊ฒ์.
If I have to eat ramyeon noodles that have become cold, I would rather just not eat (at all).
๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ด๋ ์ฌํ์ ๊ฐ ๋ฐ์๋ ์ ๋ ์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋ฅ ์ง์ ์๊ฒ ์ด์.
If I have to go on a trip with him, I would rather just stay at home.
๋๋ ๊ฒฐํผํ ๋ฐ์์ผ ํ์ ํผ์ ์ฌ๋ ๊ฒ ๋ซ์ง.
If I have to marry you, it would be better living by myself forever.
๊ทธ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ์ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์ผ๋ก ์ฌํ์ ๊ฐ ๋ฐ์ ์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๊ตญ๋ด๋ก ๊ฐ๋ ๊ฒ ๋ซ๊ฒ ์ด์.
I would rather travel inside the country, than going to that place for that price.
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Essential Korean Proverbs for TOPIK #1-10
1. ๊ฐ๋ ๋ง์ด ๊ณ ์์ผ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ด ๊ณฑ๋ค. (What goes around comes around)
2.๊ฐ์ฌ๋ ๊ฒ ํธ์ด๋ค. (Birds of a feather flock together)
3.๊ฐ์๋ก ํ์ฐ์ด๋ค!ย (Things go from bad to worse)
4.๊ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ ์ฌ์ฑ์ด ์ ์๊ฐ ๋ชป ํ๋ค (People tend to forget what they were like in the past)
5. ๊ฒ ๋ค๋ผ๊ณ ์ ๋ค๋ฅด๋ค (What one thinks is different from how they behave)
6.๊ณ ๋ ์ธ์์ ์์ฐ ๋ฑ ํฐ์ง๋ค (Powerless ones suffer when powerful ones fight)
7.๊ณต๋ ํ์ด ๋ฌด๋์ง๋ด (Hard work is never wasted)
8.๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ ๋ก (Impossible to reach; pie in the sky)
9.๊ธ์ด ๋ถ์ค๋ผ ๋ง๋ค๋ค (Let sleeping dogs lie)
10.๊ฟฉ ๋์ ๋ญ (Make do with what you got)
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Occupations in Korean
ํ๊ณ์ฌ - Accountant
๋ฐฐ์ฐ - Actor, Actress
๊ฑด์ถ๊ฐ - Architect
์์ ๊ฐ - Artist
์ด๋์ ์ - Athlete
์ ์ - Authorย
์ด๋ฐ์ฌ - Barber
๋ฏธ์ฉ์ฌ - Beauticianย
์ฌ์
๊ฐ - Business person
์ฌ์ฅ - CEO
์๋ฆฌ์ฌ - Chef
์ฌ๋ฌด์ - Clerk
ํ์ฌ์ - Company employeeย
์น๊ณผ ์์ฌ - Dentist
ํผ๋ถ๊ณผ ์์ฌ - Dermatologistย
๋์์ด๋ - Designerย
์กฐ์ฌ์ - Detective
์์ํ์ - Dietitianย
์์ฌ - Doctor
์ ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์ฌ - Electricianย
์์ง๋์ด - Engineerย
๊ธฐ์
๊ฐ - Entrepreneur
๋๋ถ - Farmer
์๋ฐฉ๊ด - Firefighter
์น๋ฌด์ - Flight attendantย
์ ์์ฌ - Gardener
๋ฏธ์ฉ์ฌ - Hairdresser
์์ด๋ - Idol
๋ณํธ์ฌ ย - Lawyerย
๊ตฌ์กฐ์ - Lifeguardย
๋ง์ ์ฌ - Magicianย
์ ๋น์ฌ ย - Mechanicย
๋ชจ๋ธ - Model
์ํ ๊ฐ๋
- Movie directorย
์์
๊ฐ - Musicianย
๋ณด๋ชจ - Nanny
๊ฐํธ์ฌ - Nurse
๋ชฉ์ฌ - Pastor
์ฝ์ฌ - Pharmacistย
์ฌ์ง์ฌ - Photographer
๋ด๊ณผ ์์ฌ - Physicianย
์กฐ์ข
์ฌ - Pilot
๋ฐฐ๊ด๊ณต - Plumber
๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด - Police officierย
์ ์น๊ฐ - Politicianย
๊ต์ฌ - Professor
์ ๋ถ - Priest
๊ต์ฅ์ ์๋ - Principalย
๋ถ๋์ฐ์
์ - Real estate agentย
๊ธฐ์ - Reporter
์์
์ฌ์ - Salespersonย
๋น์ - Secretaryย
์์ ์์ - Security guard
๊ฐ์ - Singer
์ฌํ๋ณต์ง์ฌ - Social worker
ํ์๊ธฐ์ฌ - Taxi driver
์ ์๋ ย - Teacher
๋ฒ์ญ๊ฐ - Translatorย
์๊ฐ - Writer
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TOPIK 2 Writing Tips
the following are some expressions to use for your writing!ย
Classifying
~์๋ ~์ด/๊ฐ ์์ต๋๋ค.
~๋ ~์/๊ณผ ~์ผ๋ก ๋๋ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. ย
Reason and causeย
~์ผ๋ก ์ธํด ~ ๊ฒ ๋ ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค.
~์ ์์ธ์ ~์ธ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ์ต๋๋ค.
Explaining Survey Results
~๊ฐ 1์๋ก ๊ผฝํ๊ณ ~์ด/๊ฐ ๊ทธ ๋ค๋ฅผ ์ด์์ต๋๋ค.
~์ ๋ํด ~์/๋ฅผ ๋์์ผ๋ก ์ค๋ฌธ ์กฐ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ค์ํ์ต๋๋ค.
I hope itโs useful :)ย
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TOPIK Level II Vocabulary
I have been studying some past tests for TOPIK Level II and here are some vocabulary words I encountered! These particular words are from test #47
1. ๊ฐ์ํ๋ค decrease/ diminish
2. ๊ฒฝ์ฐ case/ circumstance
3. ๋ถ์ผ area/field/branch/realm
4. ๋ถ์ผ๋ณ sector(al)/ field
5. ์ธ๋ถ details/particulars
6. ํต๊ณ statistics/ stats
7. ๋ฌธํ literature
8. ๊ณ ์ classic(s) (ex: literature)
9. (์๊ธฐ) ๊ณ๋ฐ (self) improvement/ develop
10. ์ ์ child/toddler/preschooler
11. ๋๊ตฌ basketball
12. ๋ฐฐ๊ตฌ volleyball
13. ์ผ๋ค turn on /light up
14. ๋๋ค put out/ extinguish - turn off/ shut down
15. ํ๊ธฐํ๋ค ventilate - arouse/ awaken/ stir up
16. ์ฐธ์ attend(ance)/ be present
17. ๊ฒฐ์ (be) absent
18. ๋ช
๋จ list/ roll/ directory/ register
19. ๋ฐฐ์น arrangement/ placement
20. ์ธ์ the number of people/ persons
21. ์ number (of)
22. ๋ํต headache/ migraine
23. ์ ํํ๋ค accurate/ correct/ exact/ precise
24. ์ ์(ํ) exhibit/ display (exhibition show)
25. ์๋ฃ material/ data/ reference
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์ข ์ฐ์ง๋ง์ธ์! DONT USE IT!
Alot of people who speak Korean as a second language, can speak fluently but sometimes it sounds weird. Here are the grammar you should remember but never use when speaking.
THIS IS ๊ฟํ (Honey Tip/ Godlen Tip)
This tip is from my Korean Girlfriend ;)
๊ทธ๋ค์ (They), really I have never heard a Korean use ๊ทธ๋ค์ that muchย
The more natural and more common word forย โTheyโ isย
๊ฑ๋ค๋ค and ย ๊ทธ์ฌ๋๋ค ( The people)
Your is ๋์ but more common is ๋๋ค but you can still use ๋์
๊ฑ๋ and ๊ฑ๊ฐ is more common than ๊ทธ๋
๊ฐ and ๊ทธ๊ฐย
I hope this helped.
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Practicing the art of using long words and overly descriptive sentences to fit the 600 character goal for TOPIK 4โฆ
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Grammar -๊ธฐ๋ก์๋ Even though, regardless of, no matter how...
์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์์ ์ฌ์ค์ ์ธ์ ํ๋ค๊ณ ํด๋, ๋ค์ ์ค๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ์ด์ ๋ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋ฌ ์ ์์์ ๊ฐํ๊ฒ ๋ํ๋ธ๋ค.
Often used with ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ
โEven though/regardless of/no matter howโ. More specifically, you would use it when you want to express that whatever action or state comes in the following clause is very unlikely or has no good reason to happen.
You acknowledge the information in the preceding clause while denying the following clause. For example, you could think of a sentence like, โEven though you bought the wrong brand, thatโs no reason for your mom to get so mad at you.โ
examples:
์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ์๊ธฐ๋ก์๋ ๋ถ๋ชจ๋๋คํํ
์ ํ ํ ํต ํ์ง ์๋๋ค๋ ๊ฒ ๋ง์ด ์ ๋๋ค.
No matter how busy he is, it doesnโt make sense that he canโt call his parents even once.
A: ์ธ์์์ ์ ์ผ ์ค์ํ ๊ฑด ์๋ฌด๋๋ ๋์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์๊ฐํด์
I think money is the most important thing in life.
B: ๋์ด ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ค์ํ๊ธฐ๋ก์๋ ๊ฑด๊ฐ๋ณด๋ค ์ค์ํ ๊น์?
No matter how important money is, can you really say it is more important than health?
์ด์ฝ๋ฆฟ์ ์ข ๋จน์๊ธฐ๋ก์๋ ์ด๋ ๊ฒ ๋ง์ด ์ํ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์์์. ์ด์ฝ๋ฆฟ ๋นผ๊ณ ๋ ๋ญ ๋จน์์ด?
Even though you ate bit of chocolate thereโs no way you should be this sick. What else did you eat beside the chocolate?
๊ทธ ๊ฑธ ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋ง์ด ์ํ๊ธฐ๋ก์๋ ๊ทธ๋ฅ ํ์น๋ฉด ์ ๋์ฃ !
No matter how much you want that thing, you canโt just steal it!
๊ทธ ๋ ๊ฒช์ ์ผ์ ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ํ๋ค์๊ธฐ๋ก์๋ ๊ทธ ๊ฒ๋ง ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ๋จ๋ค์ ๊ณ ํต์ ์ธ์ ํด์ฃผ์ง ์๋ ๊ฒ ์ ๋ง ๋ฌด๋กํด์.
No matter how difficult what you experienced at that time was, itโs really rude to use that to disregard othersโ pain.
์๋ฏธ ์จ๊ฐ ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ ์๋์ด๊ธฐ๋ก์๋ ์ฃผ๋ง์๋ ๋จ์ ์์ด๋ค์ด๋ ๋๊ณ ์ถ์ดํ๊ฒ ์ด์?
Even though Somi is a teacher, do you think she wants to play with other peoplesโ kids even on the weekend?
์ ์ฌ๋์ด ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ ๋ช
ํ ๊ฐ์์ด๊ธฐ๋ก์๋ ์ด๋ ๊ฐ๋ ๊ณ์ ํฌ๋ค์ด๋ ์ธ์ฌํ๊ณ ์ฌ์ธํด์ฃผ๊ณ ์ถ๊ฒ ์ด์?
Even though that person is a famous singer do you think they would want to greet fans and do signatures wherever they go?
Has the same meaning as -์์ด๋ ย -๋ค๊ณ ํด์
example:
์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ง์ ์ฌ์ ์ด ์ด๋ ต๊ธฐ๋ก์๋ ๋จ์ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ ์์ ๋๋ฉด ๋๊ฒ ์ด์?
= ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ง์ ์ฌ์ ์ด ์ด๋ ค์๋ ๋จ์ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ ์์ ๋๋ฉด ๋๊ฒ ์ด์?
=์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ง์ ์ฌ์ ์ด ์ด๋ ต๋ค๊ณ ํด์ ๋จ์ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ ์์ ๋๋ฉด ๋๊ฒ ์ด์?
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Grammar -(์ผ)ใ
์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ Despite/in spite of
์ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ์ํ๋ ์ํฉ์์ ์์ฐ์ค๋ฝ๊ฒ ์ฐ์๋๋ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ ๋์ค๊ฒ ๋์์์ ๋ํ๋ธ๋ค.
Noun + -์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ = despite + Noun
Verb stem + -๋๋ฐ๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ = despite/although + Verb
Since ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ is very formal, if you want to say the same thing in a less formal manner, you can just use the structure โVerb stem + -๋๋ฐ๋โ without adding โ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ โ at the end. This is only applicable to verbs.ย
์ ์ข์ ๋ ์จ์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ์ถ๊ตฌ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ์ํ์ด์.
In spite of the bad weather the football match went ahead.
์ํํจ์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ๋จ์๋ ๊ทนํ ์คํฌ์ธ ๋ฅผ ํ๊ณ ์ถ์ด์.
Despite the danger the man still wanted to do extreme sports.
๋ฆ์ ์ถ๋ฐํ์์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ๋นํ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์์ ๋๋ก ์์ธ์ ๋์ฐฉํ์ด์.
Despite leaving late the flight still arrived in Seoul on schedule.
ํค๊ฐ ์์์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ๊ทธ๋ ๋๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ ํ๊ณ ๋ง์ ์ ์๋ ์ป์์ด์.
Despite being short he is a good basketball player and scored a lot of points.
๊ฒฝ๊ณ ์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ์ ํ ๋ฌ๋ผ์ง ๊ฒ์ด ์์ด์.
Despite the warning, nothing has changed at all.
(Less formal = ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ๋๋ฐ๋ ์ ํ ๋ฌ๋ผ์ง ๊ฒ ์์ด์)
๊ทธ ์ฉ์์๋ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ ์๋๋ฐ๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ๋ฌด์ฃ๋ก ํ๋ ค๋ฌ์ต๋๋ค.
Although there was evidence, the suspect was declared innocent and was released.
(Less formal = ๊ทธ ์ฉ์์๋ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ ์๋๋ฐ๋ ๋ฌด์ฃ๋ก ํ๋ ค๋ฌ์ด์.)
์ ๋ถ์ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ , ๋ฌผ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ณ์ ์์นํ๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค.
ย Despite the governmentโs efforts, prices are on a constant rise.
(Less formal = ์ ๋ถ๊ฐ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ์ ํ๋๋ฐ๋, ๋ฌผ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ณ์ ์ค๋ฅด๊ณ ์์ด์.)
์ด๋ฏธ ์ถฉ๋ถํ ์ค๋ช
์ ํ๋๋ฐ๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ์์ง๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋ค๊ณ ํฉ๋๋ค.
Despite having provided enough explanation, they say they still donโt get it.
(Less formal = ์ด๋ฏธ ์ถฉ๋ถํ ์ค๋ช
์ ํ๋๋ฐ๋ ์์ง๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋์.)
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Grammar -(์ผ)ใน๋ผ์น๋ฉดย ย Everytime!
์ด๋ค ์๋๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ํ๋์ ํ ๋๋ง๋ค ๋ค ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ์ํฉ์ด ์ด๋ฌ๋ ๊ทธ ํ๋์ ํ๊ธฐ ํ๋ฆ์ ๋ํ๋ธ๋ค.ย
Every time you intend to do something, something else happens that makes it hard or impossible to do that thing
Basically just for complaining.
-(์ผ)ใน๋ผ์น๋ฉด is not common in spoken Korean. It is more of a written form. If you want to make a spoken complaint to similar effect, you can use โ-(์ผ)๋ ค๊ณ ํ ๋๋ง๋คโ or โ-(์ผ)๋ ค๊ณ ํ๋ฉดโ.
examples:
๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๊น์ด๋ผ๋ ๋์ ๋ถ์ผ๋ผ์น๋ฉด ์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ธ์ด์ ์ด๋์ผ ์ด ์๊ฐ ์์ด์
Every time I try to nap my child is crying, so I can never rest.ย
๊ทธ ์ ๋ช
ํ ์นดํ์ ๊ฐ๋ผ์น๋ฉด ๋งค๋ฒ ํด์
์ด์์!ย
Every time I mean to go to that famous cafe, theyโre closed!
๋ชจ์ฒ๋ผ ์น๊ตฌํ๊ณ ๋ง๋ ๋ผ์น๋ฉด ์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์ํ๋ค ํด์ ๋ชป ๋ง๋์.ย
Every time I mean to meet up with my friend, she gets is sick and canโt meet.
ํญ์ ๊ณต๋ถํ ๋ผ์น๋ฉด ์ ์ด ์์์ง๋ ์ด์ ๊ฐ ๋ญ๊น์?
Why is it that every time I mean to study, I become sleepy?
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