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Udelartitan celeste Soto et al., 2024 (new genus and species)
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(Type tail vertebrae of Udelartitan celeste, from Soto et al., 2024)
Meaning of name: Udelartitan = UdelaR [acronym for the Universidad de la República] titan [in Greek]; celeste = sky blue [in Spanish, referring to the nickname of Uruguayan teams in international sport competitions]
Age: Late Cretaceous (exact age uncertain)
Where found: Guichón Formation, Paysandú, Uruguay
How much is known: Multiple tail vertebrae and some limb bones. It is unknown how many of these bones belonged to the same individuals.
Notes: Udelartitan was a titanosaurian sauropod and one of the few Mesozoic dinosaurs known from Uruguay. Most known specimens of Udelartitan had been briefly described in 2012, but were left unnamed at the time. It may have been closely related to Alamosaurus from the southwestern United States, Baurutitan from Brazil, and Pellegrinisaurus from Argentina, with which it shares the feature of having a frontmost tail vertebra that is convex on both ends.
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(Schematic skeletal of Udelartitan celeste with bones known from the type specimen in green and those known from other specimens in red, from Soto et al., 2024)
Reference: Soto, M., J.L. Carballido, M.C. Langer, J.C.G. Silva Junior, F. Montenegro, and D. Perea. 2024. Phylogenetic relationships of a new titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Uruguay. Cretaceous Research advance online publication. doi: 10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105894
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new-dinosaurs · 6 days
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Eocypselus paulomajor Mayr & Kitchener, 2024 (new species)
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(Type specimen of Eocypselus paulomajor [scale bar = 5 mm], from Mayr and Kitchener, 2024)
Meaning of name: paulomajor = somewhat larger [in Latin]
Age: Eocene (Ypresian), 54.6‒55 million years ago
Where found: London Clay Formation, Essex, U.K.
How much is known: A few forelimb bones of one individual.
Notes: E. paulomajor was a close relative of apodiform birds (the group uniting swifts and hummingbirds). Members of the genus Eocypselus probably looked similar to modern swifts, though they had shorter wings and were better adapted for perching (whereas swifts prefer to cling to vertical surfaces such as cliff faces and tree trunks).
Two species of Eocypselus had previously been named: E. vincenti from England (also from the London Clay Formation) and E. rowei from the United States. Along with the also newly-named E. geminus and E. grandissimus, E. paulomajor suggests that a great diversity of apodiform-like birds lived during the Eocene in what would become the United Kingdom. E. paulomajor was larger than most other species of Eocypselus, but was smaller than E. grandissimus.
Reference: Mayr, G. and A.C. Kitchener. 2024. New fossils of Eocypselus and Primapus from the British London Clay reveal a high taxonomic and ecological diversity of early Eocene swift-like apodiform birds. Ibis advance online publication. doi: 10.1111/ibi.13323
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new-dinosaurs · 6 days
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Eocypselus grandissimus Mayr & Kitchener, 2024 (new species)
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(Type specimen of Eocypselus grandissimus [scale bar = 5 mm], from Mayr and Kitchener, 2024)
Meaning of name: grandissimus = largest [in Latin]
Age: Eocene (Ypresian), 54.6‒55 million years ago
Where found: London Clay Formation, Essex, U.K.
How much is known: Partial skeleton of one individual including several vertebrae, some forelimb bones, and a pedal phalanx (toe bone).
Notes: E. grandissimus was a close relative of apodiform birds (the group uniting swifts and hummingbirds). Members of the genus Eocypselus probably looked similar to modern swifts, though they had shorter wings and were better adapted for perching (whereas swifts prefer to cling to vertical surfaces such as cliff faces and tree trunks).
Two species of Eocypselus had previously been named: E. vincenti from England (also from the London Clay Formation) and E. rowei from the United States. Along with the also newly-named E. geminus and E. paulomajor, E. grandissimus suggests that a great diversity of apodiform-like birds lived during the Eocene in what would become the United Kingdom. E. grandissimus was noticeably larger than all other known species of Eocypselus.
It is possible that the type specimen of Parvulivenator, a bird from the London Clay Formation known from foot bones, represents a specimen of E. grandissimus, in which case the genus name Eocypselus would need to be replaced by the earlier-named Parvulivenator. (Parvulivenator was originally identified as a small falcon, but there is no strong evidence to support this.) However, there are enough differences between Parvulivenator and Eocypselus species with known foot bones that more specimens are needed to confirm or deny this possibility.
Reference: Mayr, G. and A.C. Kitchener. 2024. New fossils of Eocypselus and Primapus from the British London Clay reveal a high taxonomic and ecological diversity of early Eocene swift-like apodiform birds. Ibis advance online publication. doi: 10.1111/ibi.13323
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new-dinosaurs · 6 days
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Eocypselus geminus Mayr & Kitchener, 2024 (new species)
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(Type specimen of Eocypselus geminus [scale bar = 5 mm], from Mayr and Kitchener, 2024)
Meaning of name: geminus = twin [in Latin, referring to its similarity to E. vincenti]
Age: Eocene (Ypresian), 54.6‒55 million years ago
Where found: London Clay Formation, Essex, U.K.
How much is known: Partial skeletons of two individuals, representing part of the skull and multiple limb bones.
Notes: E. geminus was a close relative of apodiform birds (the group uniting swifts and hummingbirds). Members of the genus Eocypselus probably looked similar to modern swifts, though they had shorter wings and were better adapted for perching (whereas swifts prefer to cling to vertical surfaces such as cliff faces and tree trunks).
Two species of Eocypselus had previously been named: E. vincenti from England (also from the London Clay Formation) and E. rowei from the United States. Along with the also newly-named E. grandissimus and E. paulomajor, E. geminus suggests that a great diversity of apodiform-like birds lived during the Eocene in what would become the United Kingdom. E. geminus differed from E. vincenti in minor details of the wing bones, from E. rowei in having relatively longer feet, and from E. grandissimus and E. paulomajor in being noticeably smaller.
Reference: Mayr, G. and A.C. Kitchener. 2024. New fossils of Eocypselus and Primapus from the British London Clay reveal a high taxonomic and ecological diversity of early Eocene swift-like apodiform birds. Ibis advance online publication. doi: 10.1111/ibi.13323
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new-dinosaurs · 10 days
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Hesperonyx martinhotomasorum Rotatori et al, 2024 (new genus and species)
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(Foot bones of Hesperonyx martinhotomasorum [scale bar = 10 cm], from Rotatori et al., 2024)
Meaning of name: Hesperonyx = western claw [in Greek]; martinhotomasorum = for Micael Martinho and Carla Alexandra Tomás [fossil preparators at the Museu da Lourinhã]
Age: Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian)
Where found: Lourinhã Formation, Oeste, Portugal
How much is known: A partial left hindlimb and isolated forelimb bones of one individual.
Notes: Hesperonyx was an iguanodontian, a diverse group of plant-eating dinosaurs that include the duck-billed hadrosaurids. It was relatively small for an iguanodontian, estimated as having been 3–4 m long in total body length. Although its overall proportions were fairly stout, its forelimb bones lack the adaptations for walking on all fours seen in many later iguanodontians, such as Iguanodon and hadrosaurids, and so it was likely a relatively agile, bipedal dinosaur.
Reference: Rotatori, F.M., L. Ferrari, C. Sequero, B. Camilo, O. Mateus, and M. Moreno-Azanza. 2024. An unexpected early-diverging iguanodontian dinosaur (Ornithischia, Ornithopoda) from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology advance online publication. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2024.2310066
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new-dinosaurs · 17 days
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Chakisaurus nekul Nogueira et al., 2024 (new genus and species)
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(Tail vertebrae of Chakisaurus nekul [scale bar = 3 cm], from Nogueira et al., 2024)
Meaning of name: Chakisaurus = elder guanaco [in Tehuelche] lizard [in Greek]; nekul = swift [in Mapudungun]
Age: Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian)
Where found: Huincul Formation, Río Negro, Argentina
How much is known: Partial skeletons of several individuals together representing much of the vertebral column and multiple limb bones. An isolated partial ulna (forearm bone) and a neck vertebra are also known.
Notes: Chakisaurus was an ornithopod, a group of plant-eating dinosaurs that include the duck-billed hadrosaurids. However, it was only distantly related to the hadrosaurids, instead being a member of Elasmaria, a diverse group of small to medium-sized ornithopods from the Southern Hemisphere.
Chakisaurus had unusual features of its tail vertebrae indicating that the base of its tail may have been typically held with a downward curve, instead of horizontally as is the norm for most other dinosaurs. Among dinosaurs, this type of tail configuration had previously only been reported in some types of titanosaurian sauropods. Additionally, the main muscles that pull the hindlimbs backward (which are attached to the tail in most dinosaurs and other reptiles) appear to have been very well developed in Chakisaurus, which may suggest that it was a powerful sprinter.
Fossils of both juvenile and older individuals of Chakisaurus have been found, allowing study of its growth. Based on microscopic examination of its bone structure, the largest known specimen of Chakisaurus had reached sexual maturity when it died, but had not finished growing, a pattern commonly seen in Mesozoic dinosaurs.
Reference: Nogueira, R.A., S. Rozadilla, F.L. Agnolín, J.A.G. Marsà, M.J. Motta, and F.E. Novas. 2024. A new ornithopod from the Upper Cretaceous (Huincul Formation) of northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. Implications on elasmarian postcranial anatomy. Cretaceous Research advance online publication. doi: 10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105874
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new-dinosaurs · 30 days
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Imparavis attenboroughi Wang et al., 2024 (new genus and species)
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(Type specimen of Imparavis attenboroughi [scale bar = 20 mm], from Wang et al., 2024)
Meaning of name: Imparavis = odd bird [in Latin]; attenboroughi = for Sir David Attenborough [British documentary presenter and conservationist]
Age: Early Cretaceous (Aptian), between 119–123 million years ago
Where found: Jiufotang Formation, Liaoning, China
How much is known: Nearly complete skeleton of one individual preserved with feather traces.
Notes: Imparavis was an enantiornithean, a group of bird-like, flying dinosaurs from the Cretaceous. Although they would have looked a lot like modern birds, most enantiornitheans had teeth. Imparavis was an exception in that regard, being one of the few known toothless enantiornitheans. Prior to its discovery, the only other enantiornitheans confirmed to have been toothless were the Late Cretaceous Gobipteryx and Gobipipus from Mongolia and Yuornis from China, making Imparavis one of the oldest known enantiornitheans to lack teeth. (The describers of Imparavis additionally reinterpret another enantiornithean from the Jiufotang Formation, Chiappeavis, as toothless as well.)
Imparavis may have spent time both in trees and on the ground, based on details of its hindlimb anatomy. Its wing bones exhibit pronounced muscle attachment points, suggesting that it might have been capable of rapid, powerful take-offs.
Reference: Wang, X., A.D. Clark, J.K. O'Connor, X. Zhang, X. Wang, X. Zheng, and Z. Zhou. 2024. First edentulous enantiornithine (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol avifauna. Cretaceous Research advance online publication. doi: 10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105867
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"Jingia" dongxingensis Ren et al., 2024 (new genus and species)
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(Back vertebrae of "Jingia" dongxingensis [scale bar = 10 cm], from Ren et al., 2024)
Meaning of name: Jingia = for the Jing people; dongxingensis = from Dongxing
Age: Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian?)
Where found: Dongxing Formation, Guangxi, China
How much is known: Partial skeleton of one individual including several vertebrae and limb bones.
Notes: "Jingia" was a sauropod probably closely related to Mamenchisaurus. Mamenchisaurus-like sauropods appear to have been very diverse in the Late Jurassic of East Asia. "Jingia" differs from other such sauropods mainly in the shape and proportions of its vertebrae.
Unfortunately, the genus name Jingia had already been used for a moth in 1983, so a new genus will need to be coined for this dinosaur.
Reference: Ren, X.-X., X.-R. Wang, Y.-N. Ji, Z. Guo, and Q. Ji. 2024. The first mamenchisaurid from the Upper Jurassic Dongxing Formation of Guangxi, southernmost China. Historical Biology advance online publication. doi: 10.1080/08912963.2024.2309287
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Datai yinliangis Xing et al., 2024 (new genus and species)
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(Skulls of Datai yinliangis, from Xing et al., 2024)
Meaning of name: Datai = combination of select characters from the Chinese phrases for "to understand" and "stable"; yinliangis = for the Yingliang Group [stone company that operates the Yingliang Stone Natural History Museum, where the original fossils are housed]
Age: Late Cretaceous (Turonian–Coniacian), between 90–96 million years ago
Where found: Zhoutian Formation, Jiangxi, China
How much is known: Partial skeletons of two individuals, both primarily known from the front half of the body.
Notes: Datai was an ankylosaurine ankylosaur, a group of armored dinosaurs known for their distinctive tail club. It is unique among ankylosaurs in having a pair of small horns protruding from either side of its face. It is also known to have had a large number of small bony nodules forming chainmail-like armor on its throat, a feature that has been found in some other ankylosaurs but is often not preserved.
The two known specimens of Datai both represent juvenile individuals, and were found with the head of one resting on top of the other's. Groups of juveniles have also been found preserved together in another ankylosaurine, Pinacosaurus from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia and China, which may suggest that social behavior was widespread in juvenile ankylosaurs.
Datai is the first dinosaur (and vertebrate of any sort) to be reported from the Zhoutian Formation based on skeletal remains. Previously described dinosaur fossils from this rock unit have been limited to eggshells.
Reference: Xing, L., K. Niu, J. Mallon, and T. Miyashita. 2024. A new armored dinosaur with double cheek horns from the early Late Cretaceous of southeastern China. Vertebrate Anatomy Morphology Palaeontology 11: 113–132. doi: 10.18435/vamp29396
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Riojavenatrix lacustris Isasmendi et al., 2024 (new genus and species)
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(Shin and ankle bones [top, scale bars = 10 cm in A–O and 5 cm in P–T], and schematic skeletal by Scott Hartman [bottom], of Riojavenatrix lacustris, with preserved bones in fuchsia on the skeletal, from Isasmendi et al., 2024)
Meaning of name: Riojavenatrix = La Rioja huntress [in Latin]; lacustris = of lakes [in Latin]
Age: Early Cretaceous (probably Aptian)
Where found: Virgen del Villar-1, La Rioja, Spain
How much is known: Partial skeleton of one individual including some of the hindlimbs, fragments of the hips, and a partial back vertebra.
Notes: Riojavenatrix was a spinosaurid, a group of large theropods with specializations for feeding in aquatic habitats. It is one of many Early Cretaceous spinosaurids that have been found in the Iberian Peninsula, along with Vallibonavenatrix, Camarillasaurus, and Protathlitis, which are also from Spain, and Iberospinus from Portugal. Out of these, Riojavenatrix is likely youngest known spinosaurid from this time and region.
Reference: Isasmendi, E., E. Cuesta, I. Díaz-Martínez, J. Company, P. Sáez-Benito, L.I. Viera, A. Torices, and X. Pereda-Suberbiola. 2024. Increasing the theropod record of Europe: a new basal spinosaurid from the Enciso Group of the Cameros Basin (La Rioja, Spain). Evolutionary implications and palaeobiodiversity. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society advance online publication. doi: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad193
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Minqaria bata Longrich et al., 2024 (new genus and species)
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(Type specimen of Minqaria bata [scale bar = 5 cm], from Longrich et al., 2024)
Meaning of name: Minqaria = beak [in Arabic]; bata = duck [in Arabic]
Age: Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Where found: Sidi Chennane, Béni Mellal-Khénifra, Morocco
How much is known: Partial skull of one individual.
Notes: Minqaria was a hadrosaurid (duck-billed dinosaur). It was small for a member of this group, estimated as having been about 3.5 m in total body length and weighing around 250 kg. Another hadrosaurid of similar size, Ajnabia, lived alongside it, suggesting that a range of small hadrosaurids were present in North Africa near the end of the Cretaceous.
Reference: Longrich, N.R., X. Pereda-Suberbiola, N. Bardet, and N.-E. Jalil. 2024. A new small duckbilled dinosaur (Hadrosauridae: Lambeosaurinae) from Morocco and dinosaur diversity in the late Maastrichtian of North Africa. Scientific Reports 14: 3665. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-53447-9
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Titanoperdix felixi Zelenkov et al., 2023 (new genus and species)
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(Type coracoid of Titanoperdix felixi, from Zelenkov et al., 2023)
Meaning of name: Titanoperdix = titan [in Greek] Perdix [genus of partridges including the gray partridge]; felixi = for Felix Yanovich Dzerzhinsky [Russian zoologist who passed away in 2015]
Age: Pleistocene (Gelasian)
Where found: Malye Goly, Irkutsk Oblast, Russia
How much is known: A fragmentary right coracoid.
Notes: Titanoperdix was a phasianid, a group that includes chickens, partridges, and turkeys. It appears to have been closely related to extant partridges in the genus Perdix, such as the gray partridge (P. perdix). However, it was much larger, being about the size of a male black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix).
Reference: Zelenkov, N., E. Palastrova, N. Martynovich, A. Klementiev, A. Sizov, and N. Volkova. 2023. A tiny duck (Sibirionetta formozovi sp. nov.), a giant grey partridge (Titanoperdix felixi gen. et sp. nov.), a new rail (Porzana payevskyi sp. nov.), and other birds from the Early Pleistocene of Baikalian Siberia. Biological Communications 68: 261–272. doi: 10.21638/spbu03.2023.406
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new-dinosaurs · 2 months
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Sibirionetta formozovi Zelenkov et al., 2023 (new species)
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(Type coracoid [shoulder bone] of Sibirionetta formozovi [scale bar = 10 mm], from Zelenkov et al., 2023)
Meaning of name: formozovi = for Nikolay A. Formozov [Russian zoologist]
Age: Pleistocene (Gelasian)
Where found: Malye Goly, Irkutsk Oblast, Russia
How much is known: A nearly complete right coracoid (shoulder bone).
Notes: Sibirionetta is a genus of ducks including one extant species, the Baikal teal (S. formosa). S. formozovi was much smaller than the Baikal teal, being about the same size as extant pygmy geese (genus Nettapus).
Reference: Zelenkov, N., E. Palastrova, N. Martynovich, A. Klementiev, A. Sizov, and N. Volkova. 2023. A tiny duck (Sibirionetta formozovi sp. nov.), a giant grey partridge (Titanoperdix felixi gen. et sp. nov.), a new rail (Porzana payevskyi sp. nov.), and other birds from the Early Pleistocene of Baikalian Siberia. Biological Communications 68: 261–272. doi: 10.21638/spbu03.2023.406
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Porzana payevskyi Zelenkov et al., 2023 (new species)
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(Type coracoid [shoulder bone] of Porzana payevskyi, from Zelenkov et al., 2023)
Meaning of name: payevskyi = for Vladimir Payevsky [Russian ornithologist]
Age: Pleistocene (Gelasian)
Where found: Malye Goly, Irkutsk Oblast, Russia
How much is known: A partial right coracoid (shoulder bone)
Notes: Porzana is a genus of small rails including the spotted crake (P. porzana) of Eurasia and Africa, the sora (P. carolina) of North America, and the Australian crake (P. fluminea). P. payevskyi was large for a member of this genus and had a slightly more elongated coracoid than its close living relatives.
Reference: Zelenkov, N., E. Palastrova, N. Martynovich, A. Klementiev, A. Sizov, and N. Volkova. 2023. A tiny duck (Sibirionetta formozovi sp. nov.), a giant grey partridge (Titanoperdix felixi gen. et sp. nov.), a new rail (Porzana payevskyi sp. nov.), and other birds from the Early Pleistocene of Baikalian Siberia. Biological Communications 68: 261–272. doi: 10.21638/spbu03.2023.406
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new-dinosaurs · 2 months
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Driophlox Scott et al., 2024 (new genus)
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(An individual of Driophlox gutturalis, photographed by Christoph Moning, under CC BY 4.0)
Meaning of name: Driophlox = thicket flame [in Greek]
Species included: D. gutturalis (sooty ant tanager, type species, previously in Habia), D. atrimaxillaris (black-cheeked ant tanager, previously in Habia), D. cristata (crested ant tanager, previously in Habia), and D. fuscicauda (red-throated ant tanager, previously in Habia)
Age: Holocene (Meghalayan), extant
Where found: Forest undergrowth in Middle and South America
Notes: The name "ant tanager" is used for several species of tropical songbirds closely related to cardinals. Despite often being brightly colored, they are generally secretive. They feed primarily on insects and some fruits, and as their common name suggests, are known to occasionally follow swarms of army ants to capture fleeing arthropods.
Current taxonomic authorities classify all of the ant tanagers in the genus Habia. However, recent genetic studies have found that the red-crowned ant tanager (Habia rubica) is more closely related to the genus Chlorothraupis than to other ant tanagers. Given that H. rubica is the type species of Habia, a new genus is needed for the other ant tanagers, so the authors of a new paper coin the name Driophlox for this purpose.
Reference: Scott, B.F., R.T. Chesser, P. Unitt, and K.J. Burns. 2024. Driophlox, a new genus of cardinalid (Aves: Passeriformes: Cardinalidae). Zootaxa 5406: 497–500. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.5406.3.11
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Yanbeilong ultimus Jia et al., 2024 (new genus and species)
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(Back vertebrae of Yanbeilong ultimus, from Jia et al., 2024)
Meaning of name: Yanbeilong = dragon north of Yanmen Pass [in Chinese]; ultimus = last [in Latin]
Age: Early Cretaceous (Albian)
Where found: Zuoyun Formation, Shanxi, China
How much is known: Partial skeleton of one individual including several vertebrae and most of the hip.
Notes: Yanbeilong was a stegosaur. Cretaceous fossils of stegosaurs are rare, and they are generally thought to have died out in the Early Cretaceous (though some controversial remains may suggest otherwise). Yanbeilong is thus one of the youngest uncontested stegosaurs known.
Reference: Jia, L., N. Li, L. Dong, J. Shi, Z. Kang, S. Wang, S. Xu, and H. You. 2024. A new stegosaur from the late Early Cretaceous of Zuoyun, Shanxi Province, China. Historical Biology advance online publication. doi: 10.1080/08912963.2024.2308214
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Eoneophron infernalis Atkins-Weltman et al., 2024 (new genus and species)
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(Tibiotarsus [fused shin and ankle bones] of Eoneophron infernalis, from Atkins-Weltman et al., 2024)
Meaning of name: Eoneophron = dawn [in Greek] Neophron [genus of the extant Egyptian vulture, sometimes called the "Pharaoh's chicken"]; infernalis = from Hell [in Latin]
Age: Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
Where found: Hell Creek Formation, South Dakota, U.S.A.
How much is known: A partial right hindlimb.
Notes: Eoneophron was an oviraptorosaur, a group of bird-like theropods with short and often toothless skulls. The only other oviraptorosaur that had previously been named from the Hell Creek Formation was the much larger Anzu, which is estimated as having weighed between 200–350 kg. The type specimen of Eoneophron, on the other hand, is thought to have weighed around 78 kg. However, the microscopic structure of its bones indicates that it was close to fully grown when it died, suggesting that it is not a juvenile specimen of Anzu. Eoneophron is also unusual in that two of its ankle bones were fused to its tibia (shin bone); among oviraptorosaurs, this feature is otherwise known only in Avimimus from the Late Cretaceous of Central Asia.
Reference: Atkins-Weltman, K.L., D.J. Simon, H.N. Woodward, G.F. Funston, and E. Snively. 2024. A new oviraptorosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the end-Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation of North America. PLoS ONE 19: e0294901. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294901
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