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Who was Hüma Hatun?

Hüma Hatun, was the mysterious mother of Mehmed II. We know quite little exact things about her. Some suggested she was a Frech princess, others said she was a Jewish noble woman and there are some saying she was Hungarian. Among Hungarian sources quite a few mentions her as a Hungarian who was the grand-aunt of King Mátyás I of Hungary. About this last possibility, Gyöngyössy Márton wrote an interestning article. In this post I will make a summary out of his work written in Hungarian.

But first of all, what we know about Hüma Hatun? Her origin is controversial as I already mentioned, however, it is sure that she was a slave origin woman. How do we know? She was mentioned in the deed of her poius foundation as “Hatun bint Abdullah”, which clearly refers to women converted to Islam. Also her name, Hüma, is a persian origin name, meaning bird of paradise. Such names were given to slaves. What we surely know about her life is that she followed herson Mehmed to Amasya in 1443. She died soon in 1449 in Bursa. The place of her death suggests that she may had health problems thats why she moved to Bursa instead of being with Mehmed in Amasya. She was buried in Bursa, where her son later built a türbe for her honour, called Hatuniye Türbe.

The main reason why the author (and not just him but other historians too) believe there was a relation between Mehmed II and King Mátyás I, is that Mátyás himself wrote it in several letters of his. He said that the (elder) sister of his grandmother was captured during the reign of Murad II and was taken to the harem of the sultan, where she later give birth to a boy: Mehmed. Can it be possible?

What we must clear now is that a noble girl would truly be a nice gift for a sultan! So if they would find a virgin noble woman in nearly any age, it would be a nice gift. I think in such case, it was not necessary to be 10-12 years old to be taken to the harem, even an older girl would be fine (especially in this early period of the empire). So based on Mátyás I, the sister of his grandmother was taken away in the 1420s. Is mathematically it possible that Hüma Hatun was captured then? Yes. Hüma Hatun should be 15-25 when become a mother in 1432, so she was probably born in 1417-1407. 

I must add, that it is also possible that Mátyás only said stuff like this to make political benefits. The fight between Cem and Bayezid happened during his reign, so maybe he wanted to claim some right lol? True, he said it even before to Mehmed II. Sounds strange though, but fun fact later Mehmed II and Bayezid II also referred to Mathias as a brother. However, I can imagine it coming from our centuries-long common history lol. I mean both Hungairans and Turkish are türks from Central Asia. So we are sibling nations, even nowdays Turkish people say we are kardeşler, so... Anyway, while it is interesting that they called Mátyás a brother, it doesn't 100% proves that there was a blood relationship.

Sultan Mehmed II and King Mátyás I.

Okay now, let's check the grandmothers of Mátyás I. Fun fact, we only know his maternal grandmother’s identity for sure. Mátyás's mother was Erzsébet Szilágyi and her mother was Katalin (Catherine) Bellyéni. Is it possible she was related to Hüma Hatun? In short: no, Katalin's family was not in a good place to be captured and attacked. So she surely was not Hüma Hatun’s sister, however, Erzsébet Szilágyi was related to Ottoman’s trhough her father, Mihály Szilágyi. 

Szilágyis were related to the descendants of Savcı Bey, the executed Ottoman prince, son of Murad I. Savcı Bey rebelled against his own father with his Byzantine ally and in the end was executed for that. Fun fact is that Savcı was able to take his family out of the Empire (some actually suggest he also was able to leave but later was found and killed). He had a son, Murad who lived in the Hungarian Kingdom, hungarian sources list at least one female family member (a daughter) and also another son, Orhan. About Orhan we don't really have information about his life, only that he died between 1488-1495. Honestly, for me it suggests that he was not Savci's son but more his grandson (knowing Savci was executed 1385). 

The daughter (or granddaughter based on the previous calculations with Orhan) of Savcı became Christian and was called as Katalin. Mihály Szilágyi fought with László Hagymási for her. In the end Szilágyi won and married the woman in 1410. Erzsébet Szilágyi may was born from this marriage. But it is controversial... Anyway it seems like the Szilágyi family was related to the Ottomans. Katalin, Savcı's descendant was the one who died earliest among the three siblings. 

Murad married a woman called Ágnes and he had a family with her, after he himself converted to Christianity. He surely had one son, who became a famous Hungarian warrior: Davud Çelebi (called David in Hungarian). He fought against the Ottomans at Rigómező along János Hunyadi (father of King Mátyás I). In 1451 he went to the Ottoman Empire with the support of Christians to fight for the throne. He died there before 1456. He had a son, Bayezid ho stayed in Hungary and was mentioned in several sources in the 1460s 70s.

Erzsébet Szilágyi, mother of King Mátyás I. Her family was probably related to Ottomans, however she was not related to Hüma Hatun. 

So it seems like we should search for the sister of Hüma Hatun at the paternal side of King Mátyás I. The main problem here is that we know very little about the mother of János Hunyadi. There are several theories about his mother's identity:

- 1st possibility, János Hunyadi 's mother was Erzsébet Morzsinai. The author talks about it kinda long but it just makes it clear: Erzséber Morzsinai surely was not the mother of János. The author also only mentioned it because it is a well-known legend and so he wanted to clear it.

- 2nd possibility, János Hunyadi's mother was Ankó Barancskai. She is coming from a Romanian noble family and she MAY truly is János's mother. She surely had sisters, which seems good if we are searching for Hüma Hatun. Ankó should be born ~1390, which would make her too old for be the sister of Hüma Hatun. However, there is a letter from 1429, where her sisters are mentiond and she had a young still unmarried sister Márta, and of course we cannot rule out the presence of other sisters too, whom we may don't know about. Why Márta is important? She may was Hüma Hatun. Probably not, but her presence is important, because it is an avidence for their father still making babies constantly  in the 1410s, 1420s and so the presence of much younger daughters compared to Ankó is confirmed. It is possible that one of these younger sisters was captured and taken to the Ottoman Empire.

- 3rd possibility, Hunyadi János's mother was Szapolyai X. Szapolyai was an important noble family just at the beggining at their raise during this period. In the mausoleum of János Hunyadi 's father, both the Hunyadi and Szapolyai family coat of arms are on the graves, suggesting a possible marriage or relationship. Though this doesn't mean that János's mother was a girl from the Szapolyai family, maybe they were simply relatives of the Szapolyai family. All in all I - and the author also - find this option, not the most possible. The coat of arms is not strong evidence for anything in this case.

- 4th possibility, János Hunyadi's mother was a Greek noblewoman. I don't even want to talk about it. It's just legend to make János Hunyadi look better with strong noble relations. Just nope.

All in all the only truly possible option for János Hunyadi’s mother is Barancskai Ankó, the Romanian (or Hungarian) noblewoman. So she was (let's say) János Hunyadi's mother and she had younger sisters, close in age to Hüma Hatun. Barancskai family lived in Transylvania and surely suffered from the Ottoman forces in the 1420s, so it's absolutely possible that some of the family members were killed and/or taken by ottomans. King Mátyás I in his letters says this grand-aunt was taken in the 1420s during a smaller raid (so not during war). There was one raid close to the place of Hunyadi's home in 1420 autumn. Maybe one of Ankó's sisters was taken away this time? It is possible that one of the sisters was captured and taken to the Ottoman Empire.

János Hunyadi, father of King Mátyás I. Probably it was his mother, who was related to Hüma Hatun, if this whole thing is true.

What do I think? Do I believe that Ankó's sister was Hüma Hatun? I dont know what to believe honestly, because:

- I think maybe it is possible, but not such a close relative (grand-aunt) was captured, just a far relative, and King Mátyás I said otherwise to make the relationship with Ottoman’s look closer and make political benefits. I mean okay it is not impossible to capture noble family members as they did with Sokollu too, but still... I don’t know.

- Hüma’s noble Hungarian origin may would explain why she and Murad II were not close and why Murad preferred his other son (until he did nto die) over Mehmed II. If Hüma was truly a noble woman, captured, force converted I think she would not be too nice to Murad II lol, especially if she was captured at not a too young age (so the brainswash was not perfect on her).

  - Mehmed refused to talk about his mother in general. Would it make sense for Mehmed II to keep his mother's Hungarian identity in secret? After their fail at Nándorfehérvár it would lol. This Nándorfehérvár thing was a military blockade of Belgrade that occurred July 4–22, 1456. After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Mehmed II rallied his resources to subjugate the Kingdom of Hungary. His immediate objective was the border fort of the town of Belgrade/Nándorfehérvár. János Hunyadi, the Count of Temes and captain-general of Hungary, who had fought many battles against the Turks in the previous two decades, prepared the defenses of the fortress. The siege escalated into a major battle, during which Hunyadi led a sudden counterattack that overran the Ottoman camp, ultimately compelling the wounded Mehmed II to lift the siege and retreat. The battle had significant consequences, as it stabilized the southern frontiers of the Kingdom of Hungary for more than half a century and thus considerably delayed the Ottoman advance in Europe.

- Mara Brankovic, wife of Murad II, step-mother of Mehmed II, was a Serbian princess. Serbs, and Hungarians back then (during Mara's father's reign) were fine. So wouldn't it make sense for Mara and Hüma to be close or at least have some compatriotic feelings toward each other? There is no evidence for such, which of course does not mean there was nothing like that. Maybe they truly have, I mean it would help us to understand why Mehmed and Mara were so close. I'm still not sure but it's not nonsense for sure.

Hüma Hatun (aka Leyla Feray) and Mara Hatun (aka Tuba Büyüküstün) from the mini-series of Rise of Empires: Ottoman.

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Homosexuality in the Ottoman Empire

So I got several asks about homosexuality in the Ottoman Empire on Tellonyme. There is one, to which i gave the fullest answer I know: “Do you have sources which are about Homosexuality in the Ottoman Empire? I mean for example when the Sultans had male slaves and sexual intercourse with them and how the Ottoman Empire in general treated homosexuality and if it was respected and accepted?”

First of all there is two very good works about the topic, which I trul recommend to someone who is deeply interested in this. One of them is article about it by Stephen O. Murray - Homosexuality in the Ottoman Empire. Its 17 pages long so not that much, if you are interested, read it. Secondly  there is a whole doctoral thesis about the topic which I was not able to get yet, but here is the author and title maybe you can find it: Sodomy and human difference: Nailya Shamgunova- Sodomy and human difference: Anglophone conceptualisations of Ottoman male same-sex activity, c.1590-1700. (PS I requested the full-text pds but didnt get any access to it yet :( If anyone has it please share, Im curious how it is.)

But I will write a conclusion here also, so people who are not that deeply interested can find some information here. 

We have to separate pederasty and normal homosexual relationships. The first article I suggested is mostly about pederasty because that's what was common. But what is pederasty?  Pederasty or paederasty is a sexual relationship between an adult man and a pubescent or adolescent boy.  The meaning in a more general term is young boys (not officially kids but something like 12-20) + adult men (old men actually or high class officer) having sexual relationship. They based in on the ancient Roman and Greek traditions: One man can only find intellectual partner in anoher man (woman were only good for making babies....) and it went so far that "some poets maintained that only with a boy, one could have the best sexual experience." In ancient Greece it was totally common and normal among politicians and soldiers and then it became accepted in the Ottoman Empire too, especially after the conquest of Constantinapole. Ottomans took some of the Greek culture for example pederasty. Pederasty was was common among pashas/nobles/high class men and slave boys. They followed the ideology of ancient Romans: Homosexual behaviors at Rome were acceptable only within an inherently unequal relationship; male Roman citizens retained their masculinity as long as they took the active, penetrating role, and the appropriate male sexual partner was a prostitute or slave, who would nearly always be non-Roman.

Here is an example for pederasty among pashas: Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Paşa was dedicated a very homoerotic poem by the poet Ahmed Nedim, one of the greatest of the Tulip Era. Nedim had very influential patrons from Ahmed III himself to İbrahim Paşa and the Lord High Admiral. This Nedim usually valued the beards of beloveds in poets. So even though Turkish (even modern and back then Ottoman Turkish) doesn't have female and male form for words - sometimes its hard to decide reading a poem as if its for same-sex or not - sometimes its crystal clear that they are talking about men. I mean probably they did not wrote poems of women’s beard. Here is one quote from Nedim: "compared to a beard, the eyelashes and waist of the beloved, as thin as a hair, have no value" and "only his beard has captured me." Sprouting a beard has typically been the point at which young males cease to be attractive in Muslim as in other pederastic poetic traditions. The beard is a sex-linked attribute. Similarly, given the total depilation practiced by Turkish women, Nedim's ardent exclamation in another poem "from hair to hair, 1 consider every part of your body kissable" can only be directed at an adult male.

And we even know cases when a Damat (husband of sultan’s daughter) was gay: There were simply homosexual people also, there are known cases when in the harem girls became lovers (maybe they were just lonely though not lesbians) and there are pashas who were well knownly gay like the first husband of Fatma Sultan (Süleyman I's sister). We all know the story about it, but if you don’t here it is: Yavuz Selim I married Fatma Sultan in 1516 to the governor of Antalya, Mustafa Pasha. The marriage was not happy at all. Fatma begged her father in a letter to let her return home because “I have fallen into the hands of someone who treats me worse than a dog. Since coming here, I have not had a single hour of happiness, I have donned none of my robes. I have risen from the dead like a widow…. My sultan, dear father, let me wear cloth of coarse wool instead of the cloth of rudeness, let me eat barley bread, just let me live in your shadow". As it turned out, Fatma’s husband was homosexual and showed more interest into men and boys than into Fatma, so of course no child was born out of the marriage. In any case, they eventually divorced. Anyway, homosexuality of the pasha was so normal that Selim I didn’t bet an eye to the pasha’s behavior and while he let Fatma to divorce him (or maybe she only could divorce when Süleyman asceded it’s not clear), the pasha kept his position and title. 

And pederasty was common in the Janissaries as well... Among the Janissaries it was something like back in the days in Sparta: young boys became men if they became lover of older soldiers.

And what about Sultans? Even Mehmed II kept the young son of Greek/Byzantine noble, Lucas Notaras in his palace for sex. Lukas Notaras was executed after the conquest along his son-in-laws, uncles, male cousins and his sons. Only his 14 years old handsome son, Jakob was spared and taken to the palace of Mehmed. He stayed there until 1460 when he managed to escape and left to Italy. In Italy he was reunited with his sisters who left Contantinapole before the conquest. It is also said that Mehmed was in love with a Romanian noble (Radu). A Byzantine chronicler, Laonikos Chalkokondyles, said that Mehmed and Radu III the Beautiful (brother of Vlad the Impaler) were lovers and spent “days and nights together”. According to him, Mehmed once tried to kiss him against his will so Radu wounded his thigh and climbed up on a tree to hide from the sultan’s wrath. We don’t know what happened next but the chronicler recorded that the prince was again high in favour. Very possibly Mehmed II was both gay and using pederasty especially knowing his relationship with his female consorts. 

And were there any other sultans to be gay or perform pederasty beside Mehmed II? There is a story of Evliya about Murad IV. The point of Evliya’s story is that they talked to the sultan about a beautiful person, Handan, who the sultan loves and who Evliya says is really charming also. According to the story, the sultan asked Handan to take a rose from his/her hair and give it to Evliya to cheer up the grumpy Evliya. There would be basically nothing special about the story if it all happened in a Western empire. However, knowing the customs of the Ottoman Empire, it becomes clear to us that Handan could not have been a woman, since a harem concubine could not be in the company of foreign men, especially not with uncovered hair. It also makes it difficult to accurately recognize Handan that the name ‘Handan’ is a unisex name and that there is no male or female gender in the Ottoman language so we cannot know if Evliya talks about a he or a she. Because of this, many people think that Handan was a eunuch or a young man. Also Murad IV: For example, in his description of his life at the palace page school, Evliya Çelebi wrote of his experience of replacing Musa Çelebi, according to Evliya a favourite of Murad IV, who was murdered by the sultan’s former tutor. The sultan composed several poems, varsağı, about his beloved Musa, including the following, which he subsequently regretted and banned from being performed in the sultan’s presence. The sultan wrote of Musa: “The mouth of the beloved hints at the hidden mystery. / When he begins to speak, he hints at the magic of eloquence.” In Evliya’s account the sultan refers to Musa as dilber and mahbub, words often interchangeably used to describe a male beloved. Evliya wrote directly that he was there to ‘replace’ Musa. Evliya pointedly never refers to himself as a dilber. Even if the relationship between the sultan and Musa was not sexual and if Evliya’s role at court did not go beyond that of a boon companion, this episode still shows Evliya’s unease at even hinting at being in the position of a ‘beloved’. 

In the brothels there were feminine gay prostitutes also they were called köçek and were not simple prostitutes but more than that. A köçek would begin training around the age of seven or eight and would be considered accomplished after about six years of study and practice. A dancer's career would last as long as he was beardless and retained his youthful appearance. They were recruited from among the ranks of the non-Muslim subject nations of the empire, such as Jews, Romani, Greeks.  They performed to a particular genre of music known as köçekçe, which was performed in the form of suites in a given melody and so the boy danced. These boys often wearing heavy makeup, would curl their hair and wear it in long tresses under a small black or red velvet hat decorated with coins, jewels and gold. Their usual garb consisted of a tiny red embroidered velvet jacket with a gold-embroidered silk shirt, shalvar (baggy trousers), a long skirt and a gilt belt, knotted at the back. They were said to be "sensuous, attractive, effeminate", and their dancing "sexually provocative". Dancers minced and gyrated their hips in slow vertical and horizontal figure eights, rhythmically snapping their fingers and making suggestive gestures. Often acrobatics, tumbling and mock wrestling were part of the act. The köçeks were sexually exploited, often by the highest bidder.  Some of these dancing boys became extremely famous and were the cause of many jealous fights, especially among Janissaries in the taverns. When they boys lost their looks and their beards began to grow they abandoned their dancing and became drummers and trainers to the dancing boys... A group of these dancing boys was attached to the Palace. 

Did pederasty thing changed with time? Yes it did, and here I wan’t to go back tö köçeks. When the köçeks danced, men would go wild, breaking their glasses, shouting themselves voiceless, or fighting and sometimes killing each other vying for the opportunity to rape, molest, or otherwise force the children into sexual servitude. In 1805, there were approximately 600 köçek dancers working in the taverns of the Turkish capital and these situations with wild men went to general. They were outlawed in 1837 due to fighting among audience members over the dancers. With the suppression of harem culture under Sultan Abdulaziz (1861–1876) and Sultan Abdul Hamid II (1876–1908), köçek dance and music lost the support of its imperial patrons and gradually disappeared.

After the law? Everything changed? Kinda yes. In a much-quoted document submitted to Abdülhamid II, sultan from 1876 to 1909, the historian and statesman Ahmed Cevdet Pasha wrote:Woman-lovers have increased in number, while boy-beloveds have decreased. It is as if the People of Lot have been swallowed by the earth. The love and affinity that were, in Istanbul, notoriously and customarily directed towards young men have now been redirected towards girls, in accordance with the state of nature. The decline in pederasty was, of course, salutary. However, the change also heralded the advent of Western-influenced heteronormativity in Ottoman society, and of the repression it inevitably entails.

So all in all its hard to separate pederasty, prostitutes and normal homosexual relationships from each other as sometimes the border was very thin. In general it seems like that people did not really care about normal homosexuality it was a private thing. “[...]This does not mean that adult homosexual and homoerotic relationships were unheard-of or even that they were universally condemned. However, they were part of the private life of individuals and, like sexual relations with one's spouse, were not appropriate subjects for art or polite public conversation.”

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Süleyman II also didnt have any children but he has consorts and so I made a tree for him also. Ahmed II’s family is quite bigger. Ahmed II was the last sultan to gave Haseki Sultan title to any of his consorts. After his time, this title was abolished.  

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Family of Mustafa I and Osman II. So I was like “I dont make trees for these sultans because it would be too short”, however in the end I decided to make it, because I included all sultans so far, so I must include them as well!

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Family of Mehmed IV.

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Family of Ibrahim I. 

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Family of Murad IV. Its terrible to see how many of his sons just died as infant. Evliya said that all his sons were born with poor health, so I guess it was some kind of genetical disorder, because otherwise we cannot explain the death of this much young baby. Seems like his daughters were not involved as they mostly reached adulthood or at elast died as kids (which was unfortunatelly normal back then). Handan Sultan, Sultan Ahmed I and Murad IV themselves also had poor health and died young, probably Murad inherited it from Handan and Ahmed and for some reason in his case it went through and reached his sons also? I dont know but it is interesting... We know that there are genetical disorders which effect only boys. 

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Family of Ahmed I.

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Family of Mehmed III. One of the worstly documented family of a sultan ever...

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Family of Murad III

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Family of Selim II.

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Family of Kanuni Sultan Süleyman I.

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Family of Yavuz Sultan Selim.

Hanim Sultan maybe ws the same as Hatice Sultan but there was a Şehzade Sultan who was surely alive during Süleyman I’s late reign between 1555 November and 1556 November, since she is mentioned in Old Palace regiter with a daily stipend of 200 apsers. The same register also mentions her daughter, Ayşe with a daily stipend of 100 aspers.

The same register mentions an Esmehan with the same 100 asprs stipend, so she probably was one of Süleyman’s neices, probably the daughter of Şah-i Huban.

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Family of Bayezid II (quite big lol)

+1 information about the daughter of Mahmud, Ayşe:  She surely was still alive between November 1555 and November 1556 since she is listed in Old Palace register with a daily stipend of 70 aspers. 

The same 70 apsers daily stipend was given to Sehzade Ahmed’s unnamed daughter. We dont know if this stands for Kamer, Fatma or the unknown daughter.

About his daughters:

Selcuk Sultan 1459-1508 - mother unknown - she married twice: 1/Ferhad Bey in 1484; 2/Mehmed Bey in 1486 - she had five children: 1/ Nesl-i Şah who died in 1564, she married Halil Paşa in 1510; 2/Gaazi Husrev Bey who was governor of Sarajevo, which he developed into a great city, then he was governor of Smederevo (1521), governor of Bosnia (1526-1533), then governor of Belgrade in 1533 and again governor of Bosnia from 1536 to 1541. He died in Sarajevo and was buried there. 3/ Hanzade who married her cousin, a son of Ilaldi Sultan 4/ unnamed princess who married the son of Halil Paşa (her eldest sister’s husband) in 1510; 5/unnamed princess who married twice, the first time to Grand Vizier Yunus Pasha and the second time to Defterdar Mehmed Çelebi (later Grand Vezier and Egypt governor)

Ayşe Sultan 1465 - after 1515 - she may have been sister to Şehzade Ahmed or to Şehzade Korkut. Ahmed was born in 1466 Korkud in 1467 so Ayşe surely was born before them. - she married Güvegi Sinan Pasha in 1480 and had several (at least 6) children but we don’t have information about each one of them: 1/ GevherŞah who married one İbrahim Bey 2/ KamerŞah who married the son of Grand Vizier Mesih Paşa 3/ Fatma who married another son of Grand Vizier Mesih Paşa 4/ Ahmed Bey; 5/ Mustafa Bey; 6/Hanzade Ayşe Mihrihan who later married Dukaginzade Sultanzade Mehmed Paşa and had a daughter Mihri Hatun, who surely was alive between 1555 November and 1556 November. - she built a mosque and a school in Gallipoli and in 1505 she established a foundation

Hatice Sultan 1465 - 1500 - the identity of her mother is unknown - she married to 1/ Müderris Kara Mustafa Pasha around 1479 and had two children with him: Ahmed Çelebi (1480?-1500) and Hanzade; 2/ she married Faik Pasha after 1483 - she built a mosque, school and fountain in Edirnekapi - she was buried in Bursa in the Hatice Sultan Tomb, built by her son

Gevherimülük Sultan 1467 - 1550 - mother unknown - she married to Ahmed Pasha and had 2 children: 1/ Nesli Şahwho died in 1559, she married Dukaginzade Iskender Pasha; 2/ Mehmed Pasha who died in 1557, was governor of Aleppo and Egypt, he married his cousin Ayşe Hanzade Mihrihan, daughter of Ayşe Sultan - she built a school near the Zal Mahmud Pasha Mosque, and she was buried there

Şehzade Hundi Sultan 1465(?) - 1511 - some suggest a birth date of 1470 but it is not correct as she was the daughter of Bülbül Hatun and so Şehzade Ahmed’s sister. Ahmed was born in 1466 so Hundi had to be born before him. - Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha was her husband from 1484 and had children with him: 1/ Mustafa Bey who was governor of Bozok and died in 1533 killed by rebels in his province; 2/ HümaŞah who died after 1551; 3/ Musa Bey

Ilaldi Sultan ? - before 1518 - mother unknown - she had two children with her husband Hain Ahmed Pasha: 1/Aynişah who died after 1531 and married Abdüsselam Çelebi; 2/ unnamed son who married his cousin, the unnamed daughter of Selçuk Sultân - she wrote a congratulation letter to Selim I

Aynişah Sultan  1464(?) - after 1512 - daughter of Şirin Hatun and sister of Şehzade Abdullah (b. 1465) - she married Akkoyunlu Damad Göde Ahmed Bey in 1490 and had children: 1/ Hanzade who married to Yahyapaşazade Gaazi Küçük Bali Paşa; 2/ unnamed princess who married Şehzade Alaeddin, one of Şehzade Ahmed’s sons - she built a school in Istanbul and established a foundation in 1506 - she sent letters of congratulations to Selim I when he became sultan

Hüma/Hümaşah Sultan ? - after 1504 - mother unknown - she married Antalyalı Bali Paşa around 1482 - she was buried in Bursa

Kamer/Kamerşah Sultan ? - ? - she was the daughter of Gülruh Hatun - she was married to Damad Nişanci Kara Davud Pasha, with whom she had a daughter who later married one Mesih Bey. - she was buried in the tomb of her mother in Bursa

Şah/Şehzade Şah Sultan ? - after 1506 - her mother is unknown - she married Nasuh Bey around 1490 and had a daughter - she was involved in charity - she built a mosque in 1506 - she was buried in her sister Hatice’s mausoleum in Bursa

Sofu Fatma Sultan 1466(?) - after 1515 - she was the daughter of Nigar Hatun and sister of Şehzade Korkut and since  Korkut was born in 1467 so actually Sofu Fatma should born even before 1464/5/6. - she married Güzelce Hasan Bey around 1504 and had two children with him: 1/ Mehmed Çelebi who later married Ayse Sultan daughter of Şehzade Alemşah; 2/ unnamed daughter who later married Ahmed Bey, son of Ali Bey and Fatma Hanımsultan - about her marriages it is possible she had a first marriage which is not listed by most historians (she would be too old for a first marriage in 1504). She should have a first marriage around the early 1480's. About the identity of the first hubby: Öztuna claims Sofu Fatma's firs husband was İsfendiyâroğlu (Cândâroğlu) Mirza Mehmed Pasha, son of Kyzyl Ahmed Bey. Öztuna gives no marriage date. The problem is, Fatma remarried in 1504 but the pasha was alive until 1530. I don't see why would they divorce, so well I don't know. Öztuna claims they had a son, Mehmed Bey, together who later married Selim I's daughter Gevherhan. Its fine Fatma's son Mehmed did marry Gevherhan okay. But then why would she name her second son also Mehmed? Because she had a son Mehmed from her second marriage who married Ayse Sultan daughter of Şehzade Alemşah. So just why 2 Mehmeds? I dunno this... Maybe one of the names is mistaken?  - she was charitable --> left all her possession to the poor when she died - she was buried in the tomb of her half-brother Şehzade Ahmed in Bursa

Sultanzade Sultan ? - ? - daughter of Hüsnüşah Hatun and sister of Şehzade Alemşah

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Family of Mehed II.

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Family of Murad II.

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Family of Mehmed I.