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Soybean Futures Rise on Concerns About South American Crops

Rain in Brazil Slows Soybean Harvest, Prompting Rise in Futures

Soybean futures saw an increase in overnight trading as concerns about South American crops weighed on the market. The world's largest exporter of soybeans, Brazil, is experiencing delays in its harvest due to heavy rain, according to weather reports. This has led to a reduction in the outlook for the Brazilian harvest by consultancy Conab.

While the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has left its production forecast unchanged, analysts expected a cut. The wet conditions in some areas of Brazil also pose a threat to the country's second corn crop. Meanwhile, wheat futures in Chicago were lower, while Kansas City futures remained supported by dry weather in the U.S. southern Plains.

Soybean Harvest Delayed in Brazil, Leading to Reduced Outlook

The soybean harvest in Brazil, the world's largest exporter of the oilseeds, is facing delays due to heavy rain. Weather reports indicate that the wet conditions are slowing down the harvest process. As a result, consultancy Conab has reduced its outlook for the Brazilian harvest to 146.5 million metric tons.

This reduction in forecast has raised concerns among traders and investors, leading to an increase in soybean futures.

USDA Keeps Production Forecast Unchanged, Surprising Analysts

Despite the reduced outlook by Conab, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has left its production forecast for Brazil unchanged at 155 million metric tons. This decision has surprised analysts who expected the agency to also revise its forecast. The USDA's forecast indicates a more optimistic view of the Brazilian soybean harvest, contrasting with the concerns raised by Conab's reduced outlook.

Dry Conditions Threaten Brazil's Second Corn Crop

While heavy rain is causing delays in the soybean harvest, other parts of Brazil are experiencing dry conditions. This poses a threat to the country's second corn crop, which is currently in the field. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has forecasted production for the 2023/2024 marketing year at 124 million metric tons, down from 137 million tons in the previous year.

The dry weather in certain areas of Brazil raises concerns about the yield and quality of the corn crop.

Wheat Futures Lower in Chicago, Supported by Dry Weather in Kansas City

Chicago wheat futures were lower in overnight trading, while Kansas City futures remained underpinned by dry weather in the U.S. southern Plains. The contrasting weather conditions in these two regions have influenced the wheat futures market. Traders and investors are closely monitoring the impact of weather on wheat production and prices.

The soybean futures market has seen an increase in overnight trading due to concerns about the delayed soybean harvest in Brazil. Heavy rain has slowed down the harvest process, leading to a reduced outlook by consultancy Conab. Despite this, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has kept its production forecast unchanged, surprising analysts.

Dry conditions in other parts of Brazil also pose a threat to the country's second corn crop. Wheat futures in Chicago were lower, while Kansas City futures remained supported by dry weather in the U.S. southern Plains. The weather conditions in these regions continue to impact the agricultural futures market and are closely watched by traders and investors.

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$1.5 Million in Conservation Research Funding to Improve Water Quality in Lancaster County

State Secretary of Agriculture Announces Additional Funding for Agriculture Conservation Research

The state of Pennsylvania has announced $1.5 million in funding for agriculture conservation research, aimed at improving water quality in Lancaster County. The funding, which was announced by State Secretary of Agriculture Russell Redding, will supplement the department's annual research budget, bringing the total investment in conservation research to approximately $3.7 million. This investment reflects the state's commitment to investing in good practices and ideas that will benefit farmers and improve local water quality.

At a press conference held at the Stroud Water Research Center in Avondale, Chester County, Secretary Redding emphasized the importance of continued investment in agriculture conservation. He expressed optimism that Lancaster County farmers would actively participate in the research projects and benefit from the innovative solutions that emerge from these initiatives.

Addressing Nutrient Runoff and Manure Management

One of the high-priority topics for the research projects is manure management, according to Michael Roth, the director of conservation and innovation for the state Conservation Commission. Manure management technology can be costly for small farmers, making it challenging for them to adopt sustainable practices. In light of this, research efforts will focus on finding affordable solutions such as micro digesters designed for use on small farms.

Additionally, pooling resources and offering technology like digesters to farmers in specific regions could further support sustainable manure management practices in Lancaster County.

Expanding the Investment in Agriculture Innovation

The $1.5 million allocated for conservation research is just the beginning of the state's investment in agriculture innovation. A proposed $10 million Innovation Fund, currently under consideration in budget talks, aims to further support the industry's resilience in the face of climate change. Secretary Redding expressed optimism that the proposed fund would receive approval, highlighting the importance of climate resiliency in agriculture.

The Intimate Relationship Between Agriculture and Climate

Secretary Redding emphasized the intimate relationship between agriculture and climate, noting that climate change can have a significant impact on the industry. Despite the polarized national narrative surrounding climate change, Redding believes that agriculture businesses must acknowledge the importance of climate resiliency in safeguarding the food supply and farmers' livelihoods. He called for the agriculture industry to take ownership of conservation efforts and embrace innovative solutions.

The announcement of $1.5 million in conservation research funding for Lancaster County demonstrates the state of Pennsylvania's commitment to improving water quality and supporting sustainable agriculture practices. The investment in research projects, particularly in the area of manure management, aims to find affordable and practical solutions for small farmers. Furthermore, the proposed $10 million Innovation Fund reflects the state's recognition of the need for continued investment in agriculture innovation and resilience in the face of climate change.

Secretary Redding's call for the agriculture industry to take ownership of conservation efforts highlights the importance of addressing climate resiliency for the sake of the food supply and farmers' livelihoods.

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Vertical Farming: Dispelling Myths and Exploring Potential

The Truth Behind the Growing Trend of Vertical Farming

Vertical farming, a method of growing plants without soil, is gaining momentum in the agricultural industry. With its projected market value expected to reach US$23.23 billion (£18.55 billion) by 2029, this innovative approach is revolutionizing the way we produce food. By cultivating crops in controlled environments, vertical farming offers numerous advantages such as increased efficiency, reduced water usage, and enhanced food security.

However, there are several misconceptions surrounding this emerging industry that need to be addressed. In this article, we will debunk four key myths about vertical farming and explore its potential impact on the future of agriculture.

Myth 1: Vertical Farms Will Dominate

One common misconception is that vertical farming will replace traditional field cultivation entirely. However, this is far from the truth. Currently, vertical farming is only profitable for a limited range of small, fast-growing, and high-value crops like lettuce and leafy greens.

While economies of scale and process standardization may reduce costs and expand the range of crops grown vertically, it is important to consider the ethical implications. Vertical farming of grain crops, such as wheat, requires excessive energy consumption, making it economically unviable. Instead, vertical farming should be seen as a complementary mode of food production, enhancing traditional agriculture and increasing food production and resilience within local supply chains.

Myth 2: Vertical Farming Will Feed Everyone

While the concept of vertical farming feeding the world's population is appealing, it is not currently a reality. Vertically grown crops often come with a premium price tag due to the high capital and operational expenditures associated with infrastructure and energy costs. However, city-based vertical farms can help address nutritional food deserts by producing food in close proximity to consumers.

To make vertical farming more accessible and equitable, costs need to be reduced. Innovative business models, such as the Robin Hood model, which charges wealthier individuals more and offers discounts to less fortunate individuals, could provide equal access to fresh produce in urban areas.

Myth 3: Vertical Farming Isn't Sustainable

One of the main arguments against vertical farming is its reliance on electricity. However, with a decarbonized grid powered by 100% renewables, this concern becomes irrelevant. Many commercial vertical farms already source their electricity from renewable energy providers.

Moreover, vertical farming can be more sustainable than field production in several ways. Its closed-loop recirculating system allows for the reuse of water and fertilizers, minimizing environmental impact. Unlike traditional farming, vertical farms eliminate effluent runoff and reduce the need for synthetic chemicals.

By growing crops locally, vertical farming also reduces the carbon footprint associated with transportation and irrigation in water-stressed areas.

Myth 4: Vertical Farming Isn't Natural

Some argue that vertical farming is unnatural, but this perspective is subjective. Vertical farming utilizes technology to mimic natural processes and environments. LED lights emulate sunlight and can be programmed to optimize plant growth and nutrition.

The fertilizers used in vertical farming are composed of the same elements found in traditional field cultivation. Rather than defying nature, vertical farming harnesses technology to enhance and control the growth of crops.

Vertical farming is not a panacea for global food security, but it offers a complementary approach to traditional agriculture. By producing food closer to end-users, vertical farming enhances local food security and reduces reliance on overseas production vulnerable to climate change and political unrest. While certain myths persist, it is crucial to recognize the potential of vertical farming to increase efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and build resilience within our food system.

By incorporating these technologies into regenerative and nature-based farming practices, vertical farming can contribute to a more sustainable and secure future for agriculture.

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Central Wisconsin Farmers Face Challenges Amid Trade War and Immigration Crackdowns

Trade Policies and Immigration Crackdowns Impact Central Wisconsin Farmers

Central Wisconsin farmers are grappling with the difficulties posed by the ongoing trade war with China and potential immigration crackdowns. These issues were discussed during a recent gathering at Miltrim Farms in Marathon County, where farmers from various sectors came together to share their experiences. The impact of U.S. foreign policy and immigration policies on the region's producers and small businesses was a central focus of the discussion.

Immigration Crackdowns Threaten Dairy Farms

Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump's promise of mass deportations of undocumented immigrants has raised concerns among Wisconsin dairy farmers. The dairy industry heavily relies on immigrant labor, particularly from Mexico and South America. While some workers have legal status through temporary work visas, many others do not.

Deportations would have a devastating effect on dairy farms, which need a legal and sustainable means to employ foreign-born workers.

"It seems foolish to just pretend that foreign-born workers aren't here and that we don't need them," said Hans Breitenmoser, a dairy farmer from Merrill. "We need a means by which their presence here can be legal and sustainable, and also provide them with the dignity that they deserve."

Recent public opinion polls indicate a shift in favor of mass deportations. However, Wisconsin farmers emphasize the importance of recognizing the contributions of immigrant workers and finding a solution that balances the need for immigration reform with the economic realities of the agricultural industry.

Trade War Impact on Agriculture

Wisconsin farmers are also grappling with the consequences of trade policies, particularly the trade war with China. In 2023, Wisconsin exported $3.87 billion worth of agricultural and food products. Tariffs imposed by the U.S. on imported goods often result in retaliatory measures from other countries, affecting U.S.-produced goods.

The impact of the trade war is evident in the ginseng industry, which is predominantly based in Marathon County. Over 90 percent of U.S. ginseng production comes from this region, with a significant portion exported to China. The trade war has severely impacted the multimillion-dollar ginseng industry, leading to a decline in the number of producers and struggling revenues.

"We have a 120-year tradition in Marathon County for raising ginseng, which is mostly export-driven. So now we are really between a rock and a hard place," said Ming Tao Jiang, president of Marathon Ginseng International.

Furthermore, the agricultural sector's reliance on equipment makes it susceptible to changes in the price of materials affected by tariffs. President Joe Biden's proposed tariffs on Chinese steel and aluminum, aimed at benefiting U.S. manufacturers, could potentially drive up costs for farmers.

Central Wisconsin farmers are facing significant challenges due to the ongoing trade war with China and potential immigration crackdowns. Dairy farmers rely on immigrant labor, highlighting the need for a comprehensive immigration policy that recognizes the contributions of foreign-born workers. The ginseng industry, a major export-driven sector in the region, has been severely impacted by the trade war, leading to declining revenues and a decrease in the number of producers.

The agricultural sector as a whole is also affected by changes in trade policies, including tariffs on imported goods and the potential impact on equipment costs. As farmers navigate these challenges, finding a balance between economic interests and policy decisions becomes crucial for the sustainability of the industry.

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Young Students Experience Hands-On Learning at Iredell County Agriculture Event

Annual event teaches children about the importance of agriculture in their lives and the local economy

Hundreds of enthusiastic 5-year-olds gathered at the Iredell County Fairgrounds for a two-day event aimed at educating them about the county's agriculture industry. The event, now in its 13th year, welcomed 1,200 students from Iredell-Statesville Schools, who had the opportunity to learn about various aspects of agriculture through interactive and engaging activities. Led by high school Future Farmers of America (FFA) groups and supported by community partners, the event aimed to foster an appreciation for agriculture and inspire future generations to pursue careers in the field.

FFA Students Lead Educational Programs and Activities

The FFA students took charge of leading programs and activities related to animals and livestock. They provided information on cattle, sheep, horses, and dairy cattle, and even operated a petting zoo with goats, a pony, and cows. The kindergarteners also had the chance to plant a sunflower seed, which they could take home and watch grow.

These hands-on experiences allowed the children to connect with and understand the importance of animals in agriculture.

Diverse Range of Activities

The event offered a wide range of activities to engage the young learners. They had the opportunity to learn how to rope cattle, witness a tractor safety demonstration, explore tractor displays from local distributors, and interact with trucks from Randy Marion. Mountaire Farms' feed truck and Southland Dairy Association's Mobile Milk Classroom provided fun and educational experiences.

Other activities included an Energy United electricity demonstration, beekeeping, an NC Forestry Service presentation, an to a fire engine from Troutman Fire and Rescue, and various safety and crop demonstration lessons. These activities aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the different aspects of agriculture.

Understanding the Economic Impact of Agriculture

Agriculture plays a vital role in the economy of Iredell County and North Carolina as a whole. Iredell County ranks first in the state in total cattle, dairy cattle, and milk production. It is also sixth in poultry production and in the top ten in grain crops, including hay and forage production.

The economic impact of agriculture in North Carolina reached a new record of $103.2 billion in 2022. Agriculture-related occupations employ approximately one-fifth of the state's workforce. The county's agriculture industry has an economic impact of $662 million, with cash gate receipts of $165 million benefiting the county.

Inspiring Future Farmers

The event aimed to inspire young children to consider careers in agriculture or other agriculture-related occupations. With the increasing loss of farmland and farmers, it is essential to encourage the next generation to pursue these fields. The high-tech nature of modern agriculture, which utilizes GPS-guided tractors, autonomous vehicles, drones, and advanced research and analysis, was highlighted to showcase the exciting and innovative aspects of the industry.

By showcasing the vastness of agriculture in Iredell County and its impact on their daily lives, the event aimed to instill an appreciation for the industry and its economic significance.

The annual agriculture event at the Iredell County Fairgrounds provided young students with a hands-on learning experience about the county's agriculture industry. Led by high school FFA students and supported by community partners, the event showcased the diverse aspects of agriculture, from animals and livestock to crop production and technology. The event aimed to inspire children to consider careers in agriculture and emphasized the importance of the industry in feeding, clothing, and sheltering their families.

With agriculture being the state's number one industry and Iredell County's strong agricultural base, it is crucial to cultivate an appreciation for agriculture among future generations.

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New Research Sheds Light on Pre-Agricultural Diet of Hunter-Gatherers

Study reveals that a North African culture had a heavily plant-based diet before the advent of agriculture

The discovery of agriculture around 11,500 years ago revolutionized human diet and lifestyle, marking a significant departure from the hunter-gatherer way of life that had been prevalent for hundreds of thousands of years. While the diet of pre-agricultural societies has remained somewhat of a mystery due to the scarcity of well-preserved human remains, recent research has shed light on the eating habits of one such culture from North Africa. Surprisingly, the study reveals that these hunter-gatherers had a heavily plant-based diet.

Scientists conducted a comprehensive analysis of chemical signatures in bones and teeth from the remains of individuals dating back approximately 15,000 years. These remains were discovered in a cave near the village of Taforalt in northeastern Morocco and belonged to the Iberomaurusian culture.

A Plant-Based Diet in Pre-Agricultural North Africa

The examination of isotopes of various elements, including carbon, nitrogen, zinc, sulfur, and strontium, provided insights into the types and quantities of plants and meat consumed by the Iberomaurusians. The analysis revealed that the diet of these hunter-gatherers consisted of a significant amount of plant-based foods.

The remains found at the site included traces of edible wild plants such as sweet acorns, pine nuts, pistachios, oats, and legumes known as pulses. The main source of meat for these individuals was the Barbary sheep, as evidenced by the bones found in the cave.

Challenging Prevailing Notions

Contrary to the prevailing notion that hunter-gatherers primarily relied on animal proteins, the research from Taforalt demonstrates that plants played a crucial role in the Iberomaurusians' diet. Zineb Moubtahij, lead author of the study and a doctoral student in archaeology at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, highlights the significance of this discovery. "It suggests that possibly several populations in the world already started to include a substantial amount of plants in their diet before the development of agriculture," Moubtahij explains.

The findings challenge the assumption that early humans relied solely on animal protein and provide valuable insights into the dietary practices of pre-agricultural societies.

A Sedentary Lifestyle and Year-Round Food Supply

The researchers also discovered evidence suggesting that the Iberomaurusians had a more sedentary lifestyle than previously believed. The cave served as both a living space and a burial site, indicating that these people used it for a significant portion of each year.

The hunter-gatherers took advantage of the different seasons by exploiting wild plants that ripened at various times throughout the year. The presence of dental cavities suggested a reliance on starchy botanical species. The researchers speculate that the Iberomaurusians may have stored edible plants year-round to mitigate seasonal prey shortages and ensure a consistent food supply.

Infant Diet and Weaning Practices

The study also examined the transition from breastfeeding to solid foods in infants. Chemical analysis of an infant's tooth, formed during the breastfeeding period, compared with the composition of bone tissue indicated changes in the baby's diet over time. The evidence suggested that solid foods were introduced at around 12 months of age, earlier than expected for a pre-agricultural society.

This finding challenges previous assumptions about the weaning practices of pre-agricultural cultures and suggests that the Iberomaurusians introduced wild plants into the diets of their infants at an earlier stage.

The research conducted on the remains of the Iberomaurusian culture provides valuable insights into the dietary practices of pre-agricultural societies. The discovery of a heavily plant-based diet challenges prevailing notions about the reliance on animal protein among hunter-gatherers. It also sheds light on the factors that influenced human societies' decisions to adopt new subsistence strategies.

As we continue to unravel the mysteries of our ancestors' diets, studies like this one contribute to our understanding of the complex and diverse ways in which early humans obtained their sustenance.

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The Real Culprit Behind Iowa's Water Quality Problems: Industrial Agriculture

The Impact of Industrial Agriculture on Iowa's Water Quality Crisis

Allen Bonini, a retired environmental professional with decades of experience, has shed light on the true cause of Iowa's water quality problems. While many believe that urban pollution runoff is the main culprit, Bonini argues that industrial agriculture is the real root of the issue. In this article, we explore Bonini's perspective and delve into the impact of industrial agriculture on Iowa's water quality.

The Evolution of Agriculture: From Conventional to Industrial

Bonini challenges the notion of "conventional" agriculture in Iowa and highlights the industrialization of the farming industry. He emphasizes that the image of a quaint, noble "farm family" no longer aligns with the reality of modern industrial agriculture. Most Iowa farms are now privately held corporations worth millions of dollars, controlled by a small group of individuals who have significant influence over public policy.

The Influence of Commodity Groups and Farm Bureau

Bonini points out the outsized influence of commodity groups and the Farm Bureau in Iowa politics. While individual farmers may not believe that these organizations truly represent their best interests, they leverage their economic and political clout to protect the interests of industrial agriculture. This influence extends to policymaking regarding water quality, where the interests of industrial agriculture often take precedence.

The Impact of Farmers on Water Pollution

Despite their significant impact on water resources, farmers in Iowa largely operate under a voluntary commitment to clean up their practices. Bonini highlights the reliance on farmers to adopt conservation measures without consequences for polluting the state's water. He questions the effectiveness of this approach and the reliance on taxpayer money to subsidize farmers' conservation efforts.

The Failure of the Nutrient Reduction Strategy

Bonini criticizes Iowa's Nutrient Reduction Strategy, which promotes voluntary compliance and conservation measures. He argues that relying on farmers to voluntarily change their practices, with financial incentives from the government, has not yielded significant improvements in water quality. He questions the logic of expecting different results while continuing with the same failed approach.

A Call for Change and Political Action

Bonini proposes an alternative approach to address Iowa's water quality crisis. He suggests harnessing the political strength of non-farming Iowans to vote out politicians who prioritize the interests of industrial agriculture. By taking a stand against the influence of Big Ag, Bonini believes that Iowans can reclaim their state and secure a healthier future for themselves and future generations.

Allen Bonini's insights shed light on the true cause of Iowa's water quality problems: industrial agriculture. He challenges the reliance on voluntary measures and calls for a shift in political action to prioritize the well-being of Iowa's water resources. As the battle between the interests of the people and the industrial agriculture overlords unfolds, the future of Iowa's water quality hangs in the balance.

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A Comprehensive Guide to Growing Potatoes: Tips and Tricks from an Expert Farmer

Expert advice on planting, hilling, and harvesting potatoes for a successful crop

As gardening enthusiasts, we often find ourselves pondering the best time to plant our beloved crops. When it comes to potatoes, the preferred ship date can be a perplexing question. Should we rely on rough frost-date estimates or wait for specific cues from nature?

To shed light on this and other potato-related queries, we turned to Alley Swiss, a certified-organic farmer from Filaree Farm in Okanogan, Washington. With years of experience growing garlic, shallots, and potatoes, Swiss provides valuable insights into the art of potato cultivation.

In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the optimal planting time for potatoes, the process of cutting and callusing seed potatoes, soil preparation techniques, proper depth and spacing for planting, the importance of hilling, and how to determine the right time for harvesting.

When to Plant Potatoes: Nature's Cue and Ideal Soil Temperature

At the earliest, Swiss recommends planting potatoes two to three weeks before the average last frost date. Planting them too early in cold, water-logged soil can cause the seed potatoes to rot. If potatoes experience a heavy frost after emerging, they will produce new shoots, but each subsequent dieback will result in a smaller and later harvest.

Swiss suggests waiting for the soil to warm up slightly before planting, as this allows the potatoes to emerge quickly and grow steadily without stress. In northern states, late March to early May is an ideal planting time, while in warmer areas of the South, potatoes can be planted in late fall or early winter. Local gardeners often have their own points of reference, such as the first dandelions blooming or the emergence of a particular bug, to determine the best time for planting potatoes.

Cutting and Callusing Seed Potatoes for Optimal Yield

When seed potatoes arrive, they may vary in size, with some resembling tennis balls and others as small as eggs. Many gardeners choose to cut larger seed potatoes into pieces to make them go further and increase overall yield. If cutting larger potatoes, it is important to leave at least two "eyes" on each piece.

Use a clean, sharp knife to cut the potato into several large pieces shortly before planting.

Prior to planting, it is advisable to let the cut pieces callus by leaving them in a cool and humid space overnight. This callusing process helps prevent infection from soil contact. However, Swiss mentions that they plant their seed potatoes whole to minimize worm damage.

If pests like wireworms or maggots are a concern, planting whole potatoes is a recommended strategy, as pests are attracted to the exposed flesh of cut potatoes.

Soil Preparation Techniques for Potatoes

The ideal soil for growing potatoes is a loose and deep loam that holds moisture while also draining well. However, potatoes are hardy and can adapt to various soil types. Adding plenty of organic matter is crucial for achieving the best yields.

Swiss recommends incorporating organic matter or compost into the soil in the fall, allowing time for the added nutrients to balance.

When preparing the soil for potatoes, it is important to avoid using fresh manure, as it can activate the pathogen "scab," resulting in unsightly but still edible potatoes. Well-composted manure is a safer option. If composted manure is not available, a well-balanced fertilizer can be used, with an organic 4-2-2 ratio being Swiss's preference.

Excessive nitrogen can delay root production and lead to large plants with minimal potatoes.

Proper Depth and Spacing for Planting Potatoes

To plant potatoes, dig a shallow trench approximately 6-8 inches deep. In loose soil, a rake can be used, while heavier soils may require a shovel or hoe. Place cut potatoes 10-12 inches apart in the trench.

If planting larger potatoes whole, give them a little extra room, spacing them 12-16 inches apart.

A spacing of 36 inches between rows is adequate, but if space allows, further spacing makes hilling easier. Fingerling and small potatoes can be planted closer together, with a minimum spacing of 8 inches between plants. Cover the plants with 3-4 inches of soil, leaving the trench partially filled.

The Importance of Hilling: When, How Deep, and How Often

Hilling is a crucial and labor-intensive task in potato cultivation. When the potato plants reach approximately 8-10 inches in height, bring soil up around the vines from both sides. In loose soils, a rake can be used, while harder soils may require cultivation or the use of a hoe.

It is important to avoid cultivating too closely to the young plants to prevent disturbance of the new root systems. Hilling helps the potatoes form underground by bringing loose soil around the vines and deepening the roots into cooler soil. During the first hilling, Swiss recommends covering the vines so that only the top leaves are exposed.

This allows for a shallower second hilling, which should be done 2-3 weeks later with an additional 2-4 inches of soil brought around the vines.

After the second hilling, a loose mulch such as straw or composted leaf mold can be applied. Mulch helps protect the vines from potato beetles and creates a barrier, while also providing habitat for insects that eat the beetle's larvae. The hilling process culminates in beautifully mounded rows, a sight that brings joy to any gardener.

Harvesting New Potatoes and Determining Crop Maturity

Potatoes begin to produce tubers after flowering. Several weeks after flowering, gently dig into the loose soil at the sides of the vines to find thin-skinned new potatoes. These can be pulled from the plant without harming the development of the remaining potatoes.

Waxier-textured potatoes are best for immediate consumption. For colorful new potatoes, Swiss recommends the variety 'All Red,' which features bright red skin and a pink streak through the flesh. Another early maturing variety with excellent flavor is 'Yukon Gold.'

Potatoes are ready to harvest when their vines die back and lose most of their color. This can occur naturally with a frost or when the potatoes have reached full maturity. Swiss suggests mowing the vines a few weeks before harvest to toughen the skins for better storage.

Potatoes can be left in the ground for several frosts, but it is important to harvest them before the danger of a heavy frost that could damage the spuds closest to the surface.

Growing potatoes successfully requires careful timing and proper techniques. By following the advice of experienced farmers like Alley Swiss, gardeners can ensure a bountiful harvest of delicious spuds. From choosing the right planting time and preparing the soil to understanding the importance of hilling and determining the perfect moment for harvest, every step is crucial in the journey of cultivating these versatile tubers.

So, roll up your sleeves, grab your gardening tools, and embark on a potato-growing adventure that will reward you with a season of homegrown goodness.

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How to Build an Affordable and Functional Shed for Extra Storage Space

A Step-by-Step Guide to Constructing a Shed That Fits Your Budget and Needs

An outdoor shed is a versatile addition to any home, providing valuable storage space for tools, equipment, and even serving as a potential extra living area. In this guide, we will walk you through the process of building a shed from scratch, using modular construction and affordable materials. Whether you're a seasoned DIY enthusiast or a beginner, our step-by-step instructions and detailed plans will help you create a functional and budget-friendly shed that meets your specific requirements.

With our simplified construction methods, you don't need to be a professional builder to tackle this project. We have carefully curated the materials list and streamlined the building process to make it accessible to anyone with basic carpentry skills. Let's dive in and discover how you can create a shed that is both easy to build and easy to afford.

Planning and Preparation

Before embarking on any construction project, it is essential to start with a solid plan. Begin by determining the purpose and size of your shed. Consider the items you intend to store and any additional features you may want to incorporate, such as windows or a loft area.

Sketch out a rough design, taking into account the available space in your yard and any local building regulations that may apply.

Next, gather the necessary tools and materials. Our plans will provide you with a comprehensive list, including everything from lumber and fasteners to roofing materials and paint. Take the time to gather all the required items before you begin, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted building process.

Foundation and Framing

The first step in constructing your shed is to prepare the foundation. Depending on your preferences and local conditions, you can choose between a concrete slab, wooden deck, or gravel base. Ensure that your foundation is level and stable, as it will provide the necessary support for your shed.

Once the foundation is in place, it's time to start framing the walls. Using the provided plans, cut the lumber to the specified dimensions and assemble the wall frames. Remember to leave openings for doors and windows if desired.

Secure the frames together using nails or screws, ensuring they are plumb and square.

After the walls are framed, it's time to construct the roof trusses. These triangular structures will provide the support for your shed's roof. Again, follow the plans and cut the lumber to the specified dimensions.

Assemble the trusses and secure them to the wall frames, ensuring they are evenly spaced and properly aligned.

Siding and Roofing

With the framing complete, it's time to add the siding to your shed. Choose a durable and weather-resistant material such as plywood, vinyl, or metal. Cut the siding to size and attach it to the wall frames, starting from the bottom and working your way up.

Use nails or screws to secure the siding, ensuring a tight fit and a professional finish.

Once the siding is in place, it's time to tackle the roof. Install the roof sheathing, followed by the roofing material of your choice, such as asphalt shingles or metal panels. Ensure that the roof is properly sealed to prevent any leaks or water damage.

Consider adding gutters and downspouts to divert rainwater away from the shed's foundation.

Finishing Touches and Interior

With the exterior complete, it's time to add the finishing touches to your shed. Install doors and windows according to the provided plans, ensuring they are properly sealed and secure. Consider adding ventilation options such as vents or windows to ensure proper airflow inside the shed.

Once the shed is fully constructed, it's time to organize the interior space. Install shelves, hooks, and other storage solutions to maximize the usability of your shed. Consider painting the interior walls and adding lighting to create a functional and inviting space.

Building your own shed doesn't have to be a daunting task. With our step-by-step guide and detailed plans, you can create a functional and affordable storage solution that perfectly suits your needs. By utilizing modular construction techniques and inexpensive materials, you can build a shed that is not only easy to build but also easy on your wallet.

Remember to carefully plan and prepare before starting the construction process, ensuring you have all the necessary tools and materials. Take the time to properly lay the foundation, frame the walls, and install the siding and roofing. Don't forget the finishing touches and interior organization to make your shed a truly functional and aesthetically pleasing addition to your home.

So, roll up your sleeves and get ready to embark on this exciting DIY project. Soon, you'll have a shed that provides ample storage space and enhances the functionality of your outdoor area.

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The Importance of Planning in DIY Landscape Design

Creating a Successful Landscape Design with Proper Planning

Revamping your landscape can be a daunting task, especially if you're taking on a do-it-yourself (DIY) approach. However, there is one crucial thing to keep in mind before you begin: planning is essential for a successful outcome. From the initial ideas to the final plantings, having a well-thought-out plan will make every step of the landscaping process easier and more enjoyable.

Before you dive into the world of DIY landscape design, it's important to break out the gridded graph paper and sketch a detailed plan. This plan will serve as a visual guide, helping you imagine how your landscape will look and ensuring that your vision becomes a reality. Not only will it help you stay organized, but it will also be a valuable resource to refer to when you're knee-deep in plants and need a reminder of your original intentions.

Define Areas

Segmenting your landscape into distinct areas is a fundamental step in creating visual interest and maintaining order. By defining different sections such as the yard, flowerbeds, and garden, you can better manage each area and cater to its specific needs. This approach allows you to have better control over your space and cultivate it accordingly.

Draw Distinct Borders

Establishing and maintaining borders within your landscape is essential when creating defined spaces. Edging serves multiple purposes—it directs the eye to different locations, keeps everything looking neat and organized, and allows you to add a touch of style to your chosen materials. Consider exploring the Southern Living Plant Collection for border planting ideas that will enhance the overall aesthetic of your landscape.

Choose Precise Plantings

Choosing and placing plants is an exciting part of the DIY landscaping process, but it can also be overwhelming. To make this step smoother, it's crucial to conduct research and planning in advance while sketching your landscape map. Creating a color-coded key to organize your planting plan can be a helpful tool.

If you're unsure where to start, consult our recommendations for the best plants to grow and landscaping ideas.

Determine Potential Pathways

While flowers are undoubtedly beautiful, incorporating architectural elements and pathways into your landscape design can have a significant impact on your yard or garden. Often overlooked but always welcome, paths and walkways can guide visitors through the space and allow you to enjoy the fruits of your DIY landscaping efforts more efficiently.

Embarking on a DIY landscaping project in your yard this year? Remember that planning is the key to success. By creating a detailed landscape design plan, you can effectively define areas, draw distinct borders, choose precise plantings, and determine potential pathways.

These steps will not only make your DIY landscaping project more manageable but also ensure that your vision for your landscape becomes a reality. So, roll up your sleeves, grab that graph paper, and start planning your dream landscape today!

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Nurture Your Yard and Protect the Environment with a Rain Garden

A Step-by-Step Guide to Building a Sustainable Rain Garden

Are you tired of dealing with a wet basement, a constantly running sump pump, or muddy puddles in your yard after a heavy rainfall? If so, it's time to consider building a rain garden. This innovative solution allows you to channel rainwater and runoff from your gutters into a garden bed filled with deep-rooted, native plants.

Not only will this improve drainage on your property, but it will also help protect the environment by reducing water runoff and filtering pollutants.

In this article, we will guide you through the process of designing, building, and planting your own rain garden. With just a few simple steps, you can create a beautiful and sustainable addition to your yard that will benefit both your home and the planet.

Understanding the Benefits of a Rain Garden

A rain garden is essentially a plant pond that utilizes special deep-rooted species to help water rapidly seep into the soil. By directing rainwater from your downspouts to the garden through a swale or plastic piping, you can prevent water from pooling around your foundation and causing damage. Additionally, a rain garden can help reduce erosion, soil loss, and the load on the sewer system during heavy rainfall.

Furthermore, a rain garden plays a crucial role in protecting local water bodies by reducing the amount of lawn chemicals and pet waste that would otherwise run off into nearby lakes and rivers. In some areas, homeowners with rain gardens even qualify for tax breaks as a reward for their efforts in managing stormwater runoff.

Designing Your Rain Garden

Before you start digging, it's important to plan and design your rain garden properly. Consider the size and location of your garden, taking into account factors such as the slope of your yard and the proximity to your home's foundation. You'll also need to choose the right plants for your region, ensuring that they are native and have deep root systems to maximize water absorption.

Remember to contact your local municipality to inquire about any specific guidelines or regulations regarding rain gardens in your area. They may be able to provide additional resources or even financial assistance for your project.

Building Your Rain Garden

Once you have a design in place, it's time to roll up your sleeves and start building your rain garden. Gather your basic tools, such as a shovel and a level, and prepare yourself for some heavy digging. Excavate the area according to your design, making sure to create a slight depression in the center to allow water to collect.

Next, line the garden bed with a layer of permeable landscape fabric to prevent weeds from growing. Add a mixture of compost and sand to the soil to improve drainage, and shape the edges of the garden to create a visually appealing and functional space.

Planting Your Rain Garden

With the hard work of building complete, it's time to bring your rain garden to life by choosing and planting the right plants. Select a variety of native species that thrive in wet conditions and have deep root systems. Arrange them strategically in the garden, considering factors such as height, color, and bloom time to create an aesthetically pleasing display that will attract pollinators.

Remember to water your newly planted rain garden regularly, especially during the first year, to ensure that the plants establish strong root systems. Once established, your rain garden will require minimal maintenance, aside from occasional weeding and pruning.

Gardening Tips for Busy People

If you're concerned about the time commitment of maintaining a rain garden, don't worry. There are several strategies you can employ to make gardening more manageable for busy individuals. Consider using mulch to suppress weeds, automate your watering system with timers or drip irrigation, and choose low-maintenance plant varieties that require less attention.

By implementing these time-saving techniques, you can enjoy the benefits of a rain garden without sacrificing your precious free time.

Building a rain garden is a rewarding endeavor that allows you to both improve the drainage on your property and protect the environment. By capturing rainwater and runoff and channeling it into a garden filled with deep-rooted, native plants, you can prevent water damage, reduce erosion, and filter pollutants.

Follow the step-by-step guide provided in this article to design, build, and plant your own rain garden. Remember to consider the benefits of a rain garden, such as tax breaks and reduced environmental impact, and reach out to your local municipality for additional guidance.

With a little hard work and dedication, you can create a beautiful and sustainable rain garden that not only enhances the aesthetic appeal of your yard but also contributes to a healthier and more resilient ecosystem.

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The Best Free Landscape Design Software for 2024: Helping You Bring Your Garden to Life

Transforming Your Imagination into Reality with Innovative Landscape Design Software

When it comes to landscape design, words can only do so much to convey the ideas in your head. As a landscape architect or designer, it is crucial to go beyond verbal descriptions and provide your clients with a visual representation of your design. This is where landscape design software comes into play.

By utilizing landscape design software, architects and designers can transform their drawings into 3D views, allowing clients to see a realistic depiction of their future gardens. Not only does this software enhance customer engagement, but it also streamlines the design process and supports business growth.

Plan-a-Garden: Bringing Your Garden Design to Life

Plan-a-Garden is a user-friendly application that allows you to create design plans and visualize the structure of your garden. With its drag-and-drop functionality, you can easily select plants and add them to your design, providing a clear picture of how different shapes and colors work together. The software also offers a filter feature, allowing you to search for plants based on type, size, and sunlight requirements.

Users appreciate the ability to upload pictures of their own garden space and the availability of all the tools and plants used in the software for purchase or planting. However, some users find the graphics to be overwhelming at times.

Land F/X: Simplifying Landscape Design with AutoCAD Integration

Land F/X is an AutoCAD plugin designed specifically for landscape architects and designers. It offers a range of features, including drafting irrigation plans, managing documents, and customizing designs. The software's detail management system ensures consistent and organized data within CAD, making it easier to customize, save, and edit designs.

Land F/X also provides a comprehensive plant library and seamless integration with CAD, enhancing productivity for large-scale projects.

Users praise Land F/X for its valuable addition to AutoCAD and its extensive plant library. However, some users have experienced issues with labeling plants and the program's compatibility with Ortho mode.

LMN: Boosting Efficiency and Profitability with Job Planning and Costing

LMN is a landscape design software that focuses on job planning, time management, and job costing functionalities. It offers automation features that help streamline landscape businesses, including budgeting, customer relationship management, estimating, and time tracking. Users can automate their entire landscape business with LMN's comprehensive processes and procedures, leading to increased efficiency and profitability.

Users appreciate LMN's detailed estimating, progress tracking, and scheduling capabilities. However, some users would like to see improvements in the helpdesk integration and the ability to show material lists on service estimates.

Vectorworks Landmark: Intelligent Tools for Precise Landscape Design

Vectorworks Landmark is a user-friendly software that simplifies landscape design and building information modeling (BIM) workflows. It offers intelligent tools for plants, hardscapes, terrain models, and irrigation, allowing designers to create, analyze, present, and collaborate on 2D drawings and 3D models. The software also integrates GIS file management for streamlined geo-design processes and generates high-quality renderings within Vectorworks design files.

Users praise Vectorworks Landmark for its unique and customizable features, seamless 3D modeling, and efficient collaboration tools. However, some users find it challenging to edit prefab components and maintain consistency between 2D and 3D edits.

RealTime Landscaping: Transforming Ideas into Stunning Presentations

RealTime Landscaping by Idea Spectrum offers powerful design tools for landscape architects and designers. With its 2D and 3D designing features, users can easily visualize their ideas and create compelling presentations and videos. The software provides a range of design tools and a user-friendly interface, making it accessible to both professionals and homeowners.

Idea Spectrum offers a free trial of this 3D landscape design software, allowing users to experience its features before committing.

Users appreciate RealTime Landscaping for its ease of use and the ability to design their homes and gardens according to their taste. However, some users find certain tools unavailable in the regular version compared to the pro version.

Landscape design software has revolutionized the way architects, designers, and homeowners bring their garden designs to life. With a wide range of features and functionalities, these software solutions streamline workflows, enhance visualization, and support business growth. Whether you're a professional designer or a DIY homeowner, the best free landscape design software for 2024 offers the tools you need to turn your imagination into reality.

As technology continues to advance, landscape design software will only become more powerful and intuitive. So, whether you're renovating your backyard or working on a commercial project, take advantage of these innovative tools to create stunning and functional outdoor spaces.

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The Impact of Climate Change on Coastal Communities

Rising Sea Levels Threaten Coastal States

Climate change continues to be a pressing issue worldwide, with its effects becoming increasingly evident in coastal communities. As sea levels rise and extreme weather events become more frequent, states along the coast are facing significant challenges. This article examines the impact of climate change on coastal states in the United States and explores the measures being taken to mitigate its effects.

From Alabama to Alaska, and from California to Connecticut, coastal states are grappling with the consequences of climate change. The urgency to address this issue has never been greater, as the livelihoods and safety of millions of people are at stake.

Alabama: Vulnerability to Storm Surge and Erosion

Alabama, known for its beautiful beaches and vibrant coastal communities, is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Rising sea levels have increased the risk of storm surge and erosion along the state's coastline.

In recent years, severe hurricanes have battered Alabama's shores, causing widespread damage and displacement. The state has implemented various measures to protect its coastal communities, including the construction of seawalls and the restoration of natural barriers, such as dunes and wetlands.

California: Threats to Coastal Infrastructure

California, home to iconic cities like Los Angeles and San Francisco, faces numerous challenges due to climate change. Rising sea levels pose a significant threat to the state's coastal infrastructure, including roads, buildings, and airports.

The California Coastal Commission has been working diligently to address these issues by implementing strict building codes and encouraging the use of sustainable materials. Additionally, the state is investing in renewable energy sources to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change.

Florida: Battling the Triple Threat of Rising Seas, Storms, and Saltwater Intrusion

Florida, with its extensive coastline and low-lying geography, is particularly susceptible to the impacts of climate change. Rising sea levels, coupled with the increasing intensity of hurricanes, pose a significant threat to the state's coastal communities.

Furthermore, saltwater intrusion into freshwater aquifers is a growing concern in Florida, as it affects the availability of clean drinking water. The state has implemented measures to combat these challenges, including the restoration of natural wetlands and the construction of storm surge barriers.

Maine: Changing Ecosystems and Fishing Industries

Maine, known for its picturesque coastal landscapes and thriving fishing industry, is experiencing significant changes due to climate change. Rising sea temperatures and ocean acidification are disrupting marine ecosystems and impacting fish populations.

The state is working to adapt its fishing practices and promote sustainable fisheries to ensure the viability of the industry. Additionally, Maine is investing in renewable energy sources, such as offshore wind farms, to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels and combat climate change.

Washington: Threats to Tribal Nations and Cultural Heritage

Washington, home to numerous Native American tribal nations, is facing unique challenges due to climate change. Rising sea levels and increased storm intensity pose a threat to tribal communities and their cultural heritage.

The state is collaborating with tribal nations to develop adaptation strategies, including relocating vulnerable communities to higher ground and restoring natural habitats. Washington is also investing in renewable energy projects and promoting energy efficiency to reduce its carbon footprint.

The impact of climate change on coastal states is undeniable, and urgent action is required to mitigate its effects. From Alabama's vulnerability to storm surge to Washington's efforts to protect tribal nations, each coastal state is facing its own set of challenges.

However, there is hope. Through collaboration, innovation, and a commitment to sustainability, coastal communities can adapt and thrive in the face of climate change. By reducing greenhouse gas emissions, investing in renewable energy, and implementing resilient infrastructure, we can protect our coastal states and preserve their natural beauty for future generations.

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Small Garden Ideas: Transform Your Outdoor Space with Charm and Creativity

From Vertical Gardens to Raised Beds, Discover Budget-Friendly Hacks for Every Home

Nurturing a garden can bring immense joy and satisfaction, transforming a small outdoor space into a lush oasis. Whether you have a tiny balcony, a compact backyard, or a modest front yard, there are endless possibilities to create a beautiful and thriving garden. In this article, we will explore a range of charming small garden ideas that cater to different preferences and skill levels.

From building raised garden beds and unique vertical gardens to incorporating potted plants and DIY projects, there is something for everyone.

Regardless of the size of your outdoor space, these ideas will inspire you to embrace the beauty of nature and create a tranquil haven right at your doorstep.

Building Raised Garden Beds: Maximizing Space and Convenience

One of the most effective ways to optimize a small garden is by constructing raised garden beds. These beds not only provide a defined space for planting but also offer several practical advantages. Raised beds elevate the soil level, making it easier to tend to plants without straining your back.

They also improve drainage, prevent soil erosion, and keep weeds at bay.

When it comes to building raised garden beds, there are numerous materials to choose from, including wood, stone, and even repurposed materials like old tires or pallets. Consider the aesthetic of your outdoor space and the plants you wish to grow, and select a design that complements your overall vision.

For a sleek and modern look, opt for raised beds made from weather-resistant materials like cedar or composite lumber. These beds are not only durable but also add a touch of elegance to your garden. If you prefer a rustic charm, consider using reclaimed wood or repurposed materials for a unique and eco-friendly approach.

Regardless of the material, ensure that the beds are of an appropriate height to facilitate easy access and maintenance.

Vertical Gardens: Making the Most of Limited Space

Vertical gardens are a fantastic solution for those with limited space. By utilizing vertical surfaces such as walls, fences, or trellises, you can create a stunning display of plants and flowers while maximizing your available area.

One popular approach is to install a wall-mounted planter system. These systems typically consist of modular units that can be easily attached to a wall or fence. They allow you to grow a variety of plants, from herbs and succulents to trailing vines and colorful flowers.

Not only do vertical gardens add visual interest to your outdoor space, but they also provide insulation, reduce noise pollution, and improve air quality.

If you prefer a more DIY approach, consider repurposing items like old pallets or wooden crates. By attaching planters to the pallets or stacking crates, you can create a unique vertical garden that is both functional and eye-catching. Don't forget to choose plants that thrive in vertical environments, such as ivy, ferns, or trailing plants.

Potted Plants: Versatile and Portable Greenery

Potted plants are a versatile and portable option for small gardens. They allow you to easily change the layout and arrangement of your outdoor space, making it easy to experiment with different designs and styles.

When selecting pots, consider the size, material, and drainage capabilities. Opt for lightweight pots if you plan on moving them frequently, or choose larger, heavier pots for stability and to accommodate larger plants. Ceramic pots are popular for their aesthetic appeal, while plastic pots are lightweight and easy to clean.

Ensure that each pot has proper drainage holes to prevent waterlogging and root rot.

Choose a variety of plants that suit your taste and the conditions of your outdoor space. Mix and match different textures, colors, and heights to create visual interest. Consider incorporating a combination of flowering plants, foliage plants, and herbs to add depth and diversity to your garden.

Don't forget to regularly water and fertilize your potted plants to ensure their health and vitality.

DIY Projects: Adding Personal Touches to Your Garden

If you enjoy hands-on projects and want to add a personal touch to your garden, there are plenty of DIY ideas to explore. These projects not only enhance the aesthetic appeal of your outdoor space but also provide an opportunity to showcase your creativity and craftsmanship.

For example, you can repurpose vinyl gutters into planters and hang them on your porch or balcony for a modern and stylish look. Another idea is to create a small fish pond using a pre-formed liner or repurposed containers. The gentle sound of running water and the presence of fish can create a serene and calming atmosphere.

If you have a knack for woodworking, consider building an arched trellis covered in trailing plants or constructing a bubble fountain using a large ceramic pot and a recirculating pump. These DIY projects will not only beautify your garden but also provide a sense of accomplishment and pride.

Transforming a small outdoor space into a thriving garden is an achievable and rewarding endeavor. By incorporating raised garden beds, vertical gardens, potted plants, and DIY projects, you can create a personalized oasis that reflects your style and preferences. Remember to consider the specific needs of your plants, such as sunlight, soil, and water requirements, to ensure their health and longevity.

Embrace the beauty of nature, unleash your creativity, and embark on a journey of creating a small garden that brings joy, tranquility, and a sense of pride.

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Community Plant Sales Offer a Bounty of Options for Gardeners

Local plant sales provide a wide range of plants for garden enthusiasts

As food costs continue to rise, many people are looking for ways to save money while still enjoying fresh produce. Gardening has become a popular solution, allowing individuals to grow their own fruits, vegetables, and herbs. With the growing season in full swing, community plant sales are popping up all over, offering a variety of plants and flowers to help gardeners create a beautiful and bountiful garden.

These sales not only provide an affordable way to stock up on plants, but they also offer a unique opportunity to connect with local growers and fellow gardening enthusiasts. Here is a sampling of some upcoming plant sales in the area.

Hennepin Technical College

From May 7-9, Hennepin Technical College will host a plant sale offering a wide range of annuals, perennials, and garden staples. In addition to vegetable varieties, the sale will also feature hanging baskets and flower containers. The sale will take place at the Hennepin Technical College Greenhouse in Brooklyn Park.

Birch Island Woods

Picha Greenhouse and Farms in Eden Prairie will hold a plant sale from May 8-19. This nearly two-week sale will feature hybrid and heirloom tomatoes, shrubs, vegetables, annuals, and perennials. Gardeners can shop on the farm and fill their baskets with a variety of plants.

Lake Country School

On May 9-10, Lake Country School in Minneapolis will host a plant sale featuring vegetables, herbs, and organic flowers grown at the school's 160-acre farm. Native perennials, annuals, hanging baskets, and pollinator packs will also be available for purchase.

Edina Garden Council

The Edina Garden Council will hold a plant sale on May 10-11 at Arneson Acres Park in Edina. The sale will include a variety of perennials, annuals, vegetables, herbs, and baskets. Master Gardeners will be present to answer questions and provide gardening advice.

Friends School

The Friends School Plant Sale, held on May 10-12 at the Minnesota State Fairgrounds in Falcon Heights, is an annual fundraiser benefiting the Friends School of Minnesota. This popular sale offers over 2,000 varieties of annuals, perennials, shrubs, trees, vegetables, herbs, and other plant varieties. With such a vast selection, gardeners are sure to find something unique for their garden.

Community plant sales provide a great opportunity for gardeners to find a wide range of plants and flowers for their gardens. From vegetables and herbs to perennials and shrubs, these sales offer something for every type of gardener. In addition to the variety of plants available, these sales also serve as a way to connect with local growers and fellow gardening enthusiasts.

So, whether you're a seasoned gardener or just starting out, be sure to check out your local plant sales for affordable and unique options to enhance your garden.

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Growing a Thriving Garden in a Small Space: Tips from a Gardening Pro

Gardener and educator Timothy Hammond shares his expert advice on cultivating a garden in tight spaces on a budget

Gardening enthusiasts often dream of having a lush garden, but limited space can pose a challenge. However, with the right techniques, anyone can grow a thriving garden in even the smallest of yards. Timothy Hammond, a gardener and educator with a strong following on Instagram, has shared his tips for cultivating a garden in tight spaces on a budget.

By starting small, utilizing container gardening, and making the most of vertical space, Hammond believes that anyone can develop a green thumb. Let's explore his techniques for growing a garden that will flourish, regardless of the size of the outdoor space.

Starting Small and Saving Money with Container Gardening

Hammond advises newbie gardeners to start small and not feel pressured to grow everything in their first season. He suggests container gardening as an excellent way to grow a garden on a budget. Containers can often be found for free with a little resourcefulness.

Hammond explains that almost anything that can hold soil and is water-resistant can be used as a container. This cost-effective approach allows gardeners to experiment and learn without breaking the bank.

Maximizing Space: Growing Upwards and Intercropping

Having a small outdoor space doesn't mean sacrificing a thriving garden. Hammond recommends utilizing all available space by growing upwards. Trellising certain crops can reduce the amount of space they take up in the garden.

Additionally, he suggests exploring different planting styles, such as intercropping and intensive planting, which allow for more plants in a smaller area. These techniques help maximize the productivity of a limited space.

Easy Plants for Beginners: Herbs and Lettuce

For those just starting out, Hammond suggests getting started with easy-to-grow plants like herbs and lettuce. Herbs can be harvested as soon as a week after planting, once they have acclimated to their new growing area. Lettuce requires minimal water and fertilizer and can be harvested just 30 days after planting.

These beginner-friendly plants provide quick results and encourage new gardeners to continue their journey.

Daily Maintenance: Enjoying and Nurturing Your Garden

Hammond emphasizes the importance of enjoying the garden daily and spending a little time on upkeep each day. Rather than leaving all the work for one day, tending to the garden regularly ensures its health and vitality. To make maintenance easier, he recommends using a cultivator-hoe combo tool, which is perfect for weeding and digging planting holes.

This versatile tool can also be used for aerating soil and mixing in fertilizers and manure.

Embracing Imperfection and Finding Joy in Your Garden

Aspiring gardeners should remember that there is no such thing as a perfect garden. Hammond advises against comparing one's garden to others and instead encourages individuals to embrace their own unique garden and the joy it brings. Gardening is a journey of learning and growth, and each garden is a reflection of the gardener's personality and effort.

With Timothy Hammond's expert advice, cultivating a thriving garden in a small space is within reach for anyone. By starting small, utilizing container gardening, maximizing vertical space, and choosing beginner-friendly plants, gardeners can create a beautiful and productive garden. Regular maintenance and the use of the right tools further contribute to the success of the garden.

Remember, gardening is a journey, and the joy it brings lies in the process and the rewards it offers. So, whether you have a small balcony or a tiny backyard, it's time to start growing your dream garden!

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May Gardening Tips for Vegetable Production and Outdoor Flower Plants

Expert Advice for Maximizing Your Garden's Potential

As the month of May approaches, it's time to gear up for a successful gardening season. Whether you're a seasoned gardener or a beginner, these May gardening tips will help you make the most of your vegetable production and outdoor flower plants. With advice from University of Missouri Extension Horticulturist, Dr. Dhruba Dhakal, you'll be equipped with the knowledge to ensure a bountiful harvest and vibrant blooms.

Vegetable Production

When it comes to growing vegetables, there are several key considerations to keep in mind. Dr. Dhakal suggests the following tips:

- Growing lettuce under screening materials can help slow bolting and extend harvests into hot weather.

- To protect young transplants from cutworms, create collars using strips of cardboard.

- Tomatoes should be planted in warm soils, with mulch and support stakes or cages to promote healthy growth.

- Control caterpillars on broccoli and cabbage plants by handpicking or using biological sprays like B.T. or Spinosad.

- When planting squash and cucumbers in hills, place a stake or flag to easily locate the root zone watering site once the vines have spread.

- Watch out for striped and spotted cucumber beetles, as they can spread wilt and mosaic diseases to squash and cucumber plants.

- Remove rhubarb seed stalks as they appear to redirect energy towards foliage growth.

- Plant peppers and eggplants once the soil has warmed up.

- Begin planting sweet corn at two-week intervals, ensuring good pollination by planting in a block formation with a minimum of four rows.

- Plant multiple plantings of cilantro or keep bloom heads cut off to prevent premature seeding.

- Avoid over-fertilizing herbs planted in average soils, as it may reduce flavor and quality at harvest.

- Regularly scout for insect and disease problems in the garden and follow pesticide directions if necessary.

Outdoor Flower Plants and Ornamentals

Cultivating beautiful flower plants and ornamentals requires attention to detail. Dr. Dhakal shares the following advice:

- Pinch azaleas and rhododendron blossoms as they fade and fertilize them with an azalea or blueberry fertilizer after blooming.

- Avoid removing foliage from spring bulbs too soon, as it can hinder flowering next spring.

- Pinch back mums to promote compact, bushy growth.

- Lightly side-dress perennials, including spring bulbs, with a 5-10-10 or 10-10-10 fertilizer, avoiding the center or crown of the plant.

- Opt for low-maintenance plants that do not require deadheading, such as begonias, impatiens, alyssum, ageratum, lobelia, vinca, and salvia.

- Prune blooming shrubs right after flowers have faded, if necessary.

- Consider ground covers like Ajuga, creeping phlox, and creeping juniper for sunny locations, but be cautious of their invasive nature.

- Start planting gladiolus, caladiums, dahlias, cannas, and elephant ears for a stunning display.

- If you have a tub or garden pool, plant hardy water lilies to add a touch of elegance.

- Regularly inspect your plants for scale crawlers and other insects, following the recommended guidelines for control.

- Keep an eye out for newly hatched bagworms on evergreens and conifers, taking appropriate action to prevent damage.

- Avoid removing spring bulb foliage prematurely, as it can impact next year's flower production. Leave the foliage to feed the bulb and consider marking bulbs for fall transplanting and division.

With these expert tips from Dr. Dhruba Dhakal, you can ensure a successful gardening season in May. By implementing these strategies for vegetable production and outdoor flower plants, you'll be on your way to a bountiful harvest and a garden filled with vibrant blooms. Remember to stay vigilant in monitoring for pests and diseases, and always follow recommended guidelines for control.

Happy gardening!