#1887-1890

[charlesreeza]

Galleria Umberto I - Naples, Italy

Photos by Charles Reeza

[digitalfashionmuseum]

Beige Silk Dress, 1880-1890.

Augusta Auctions.

[dimity-lawn]

Happy birthday to Pierre-Auguste Renoir.

Child With Cat Pierre-Auguste Renoir 1887 The child in this portrait is Julie Manet, daughter of artists Berthe Morisot and Eugène Manet (brother to artist Édouard Manet). I love how happy the little calico looks.

Gabrielle Renard and Jean Pierre-Auguste Renoir 1895-1896 Gabrielle Renard was a frequent model for Renoir as well as the nanny of Jean, who was Renoir’s son. I love the peaceful domesticity of this. The way she smiles as she supports and plays with Jean, and the way Jean appears to be saying something, even if it’s just baby burble, with a slight smile. It’s just so human.

Luncheon of the Boating Party Pierre-Auguste Renoir 1880-1883 I like the little dog on the table, how it seems to be leaning back with an air of “leave me alone”.

[glossahistorica]

A B C.

The A B C of any subject—its rudiments; its elementary principles. P.  Many farmers seem not at all inclined to observe the very A B C of morality as regards the payment of just debts.—Spectator, 1887.  Father and mother lived in King Street, Soho. He was a fiddle-maker, and taught me the A B C of that science at odd times.—READE.

Dictionary of Idiomatic English Phrases, James Main Dixon, 1891 [x]

[taquela16]

Book You Could Read

Daily writing promptWhat book could you read over and over again?View all responses There are too many to type lol. What about you guys? ~ My Life As A Mom

[aahsoka]

i was wrong about the crimson peak thing the plot when edith is an adult takes place in 1901 like. the second year of the 20th century lmfao.

[oldpaintings]

Barn Owl Viewed from the Front, 1887 by Vincent van Gogh (Dutch, 1853--1890)

[whencyclopedia]

Utah Beach

Utah Beach was the westernmost of the five beaches attacked in the D-Day Normandy landings of 6 June 1944 and the one taken with the fewest casualties. Paratroopers were also dropped behind Utah, and despite being widely dispersed and suffering heavy casualties, they managed to secure this western flank of the invasion and liberate the first French town, Ste-Mère-Église.

Operation Overlord

The amphibious assault on the beaches of Normandy was the first stage of Operation Overlord, which sought to free Western Europe from occupation by Nazi Germany. The supreme commander of the Allied invasion force was General Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890-1969), who had been in charge of the Allied operations in the Mediterranean. The commander-in-chief of the Normandy land forces, 39 divisions in all, was the experienced General Bernard Montgomery (1887-1976). Commanding the air element was Air Chief Marshal Trafford Leigh Mallory (1892-1944), with the naval element commanded by Admiral Bertram Ramsay (1883-1945).

Nazi Germany had long prepared for an Allied invasion, but the German high command was unsure where exactly such an invasion would take place. Allied diversionary strategies added to the uncertainty, but the most likely places remained either the Pas de Calais, the closest point to British shores, or Normandy with its wide flat beaches. The Nazi leader Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) attempted to fortify the entire coast from Spain to the Netherlands with a series of bunkers, pillboxes, artillery batteries, and troops, but this Atlantic Wall, as he called it, was far from being complete in the summer of 1944. In addition, the wall was thin since there was no real depth to the defences.

Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt (1875-1953), commander-in-chief of the German army in the West, believed it would be impossible to stop an invasion on the coast and so it would be better to hold the bulk of the defensive forces as a mobile reserve to counterattack against enemy beachheads. Field Marshal Erwin Rommel (1891-1944), commander of Army Group B, disagreed and considered it essential to halt any invasion on the beaches themselves. Further, Rommel believed that Allied air superiority meant that movements of reserves would be severely hampered. Hitler agreed with Rommel, and so the defenders were strung out wherever the fortifications were at their weakest. Rommel improved the static defences and added steel anti-tank structures to all the larger beaches. In the end, Rundstedt was given a mobile reserve, but the compromise weakened both plans of defence.

The German response would not be helped either by their confused command structure, which meant that Rundstedt could not call on any armour (but Rommel, who reported directly to Hitler, could), and neither commander had any control over the paltry naval and air forces available or the separately controlled coastal batteries. Nevertheless, the defences were bulked up around the weaker defences of Normandy to an impressive 31 infantry divisions plus 10 armoured divisions and 7 reserve infantry divisions. The German army had another 13 divisions in other areas of France. A standard German division had a full strength of 15,000 men.

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[kafkasapartment]

Stillleben mit französischen Romanen und Glas mit Rose (Still Life with French novels and glass with a rose), Paris, Autumn 1887. Vincent van Gogh, 1853-1890. Oil on canvas.

[thunderstruck9]

Vincent Van Gogh (Dutch, 1853-1890), Les canots amarrés [Moored Boats], Paris, summer, 1887. Oil on canvas, 52 x 65 cm.

[resplendentoutfit]

Pretty in Pink: Victorian era paintings featuring women wearing pink

Auguste Toulmouch (French, 1829-1890 ) • Le billet (The Ticket) • Before 1890

Agapit Stevens (Belgian, 1848-1924) • Indecision • c. Mid 1800

Right: Rogelio de Egusquiza (Spanish, 1845–1915) • Lady in a Pink Dress • 1880

Left: John Collier (British, 1850–1934) • Portrait of a Lady Carrying a Bowl of Pink Carnations • Unknown date

Alexandre Cabanel (French, 1823-1889) • Portrait of Olivia Peyton Murray • 1887

[digitalfashionmuseum]

Maroon Silk Dress, 1880-1890.

Augusta Auctions.

[heavenlybackside]

This Day In History May 8 1886 American pharmacist John S. Pemberton developed Coca-Cola, a drink he originally billed as a cure-all tonic.

On May 8, 1886, Dr. John Stith Pemberton invented Coca-Cola, forever changing the history of eating habits around the world. The drink’s name refers to two of its original ingredients: coca leaves and kola nuts (a source of caffeine). Since he was a pharmacist from Atlanta he had access to a variety of chemicals and natural ingredients. One day, he prepared a dark coloured liquid and decided to take it to his shop, Jacobs' Pharmacy, to mix it with carbonated water. At this point, a test was needed. So he had the customers of the pharmacy taste it, who greatly appreciated the delicious and refreshing drink. From that day Pemberton put the forerunner of the current Coca-Cola on sale at five cents a glass as a takeaway drink.

The logo as we know it today was invented and designed by Frank M. Robinson, Dr. Pemberton's accountant, who thought that the two Cs would have made a nice advertising logo. The Coca-Cola brand - written in its famous italics font - was born with a first advertising campaign dedicated to the drink appeared in the newspaper The Atlanta Journal, inviting citizens to try this "popular new take-out drink". The advertising campaign for the product launch appeared on the first awnings of the shops, on which the words "Drink Coca-Cola" stood out. But the beginnings were not exciting: in the first year they sold just about nine glasses a day.

In 1887 John Pemberton registered the copyright of Coca-Cola Syrup and Extract with the US Patent Office. A year later, disheartened by the lack of success of his invention and never fully convinced - and aware - of the drink's potential, he gradually sold the company's shares to various partners. Shortly before his death, he sold the rest of Coca-Cola to Asa G. Candler who bought back the shares of other holders until he acquired complete control of the company.

Together with his brother - John S. Candler - Frank Robinson - John Pemberton's former partner - and two other partners, Mr. Candler opened The Coca-Cola Company, with a start-up capital of $100,000. They invested a lot in marketing with free coupons, promotions, souvenir fans, calendars, clocks, cup holders and so on. He did everything to advertise the brand and make it famous. In 1894 the first factory was born, in Dallas, Texas and a year later Candler made a famous announcement: "Today Coca-Cola is drunk in every state and territory of the United States". Under Candler’s leadership, sales rose from about 9,000 gallons of syrup in 1890 to 370,877 gallons in 1900.

[queenofthedisneyverse]

Technology from 1870-1899 (For Encanto fic writers)

So, A mutual of mine @miracles-and-butterfliess pointed out that everyone (including me) tends to forget that Encanto was literally made when the triplets were born. Which is literally 1900 or 1901. Regardless, it was the very beginning of the 19th century so let me tell you about the technology/things they would/wouldn’t have. (And please keep in mind that most of these may or may not have been imported into Colombia yet.) 

1870 - 1879

1872—A.M. Ward creates the first mail-order catalog. NO

1873—Joseph Glidden invented barbed wire. NO

1876—Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone. NO

1876—Nicolaus August Otto invents the first practical four-stroke internal combustion engine. NO

1876—Melville Bissell patents the carpet sweeper. NO?

1878—Thomas Edison invents the cylinder phonograph (known then as the tin foil phonograph). MAYBE

1878—Eadweard Muybridge invents moving pictures. NO?

1878—Sir Joseph Wilson Swan invents the prototype for a practical electric lightbulb. YES? 

1879—Thomas Edison invented the first commercially viable incandescent electric light bulb. NO?

1880 - 1889

1880—The British Perforated Paper Company debuts toilet paper. YES

1880—English inventor John Milne creates the modern seismograph. NO

1881—David Houston patents camera film in roll format. NO?

1884—Lewis Edson Waterman invents the first practical fountain pen. YES

1884—L. A. Thompson built and opened the first roller coaster in the United States at a site on Coney Island, New York. NO

1884—James Ritty invents a functional mechanical cash register. YES?

1884—Charles Parson patents the steam turbine. NO

1885—Karl Benz invented the first practical automobile powered by an internal-combustion engine. NO (even before Encanto, Alma’s town looked rural so I doubt the automobile reached them yet.)

1885—Gottlieb Daimler invented the first gas-engine motorcycle. NO

1886—John Pemberton introduces Coca-Cola. NO

1886—Gottlieb Daimler designs and builds the world's first four-wheeled automobile. NO

1887—Heinrich Hertz invents radar. NO

1887—Emile Berliner invented the gramophone. YES

1887—F.E. Muller and Adolph Fick invented the first wearable contact lenses. NO

1888—Nikola Tesla invents the alternating current motor and transformer. NO

1890 - 1899

1891—Jesse W. Reno invents the escalator. NO

1892—Rudolf Diesel invents the diesel-fueled internal combustion engine, which he patents six years later. NO

1892—Sir James Dewar invents the Dewar vacuum flask. NO

1893—W.L. Judson invents the zipper. NO (zippers didn’t become popular globally until a little bit later; buttons, ribbons/laces and whatever else were still the norm/in fashion for fastening and tying (which is still the case in some places today)

1895—Brothers Auguste and Louis Lumière invent a portable motion-picture camera that doubles as a film-processing unit and projector. The invention is called the Cinematographe and using it, the Lumières project the motion picture for an audience. NO?

1899—J.S. Thurman patents the motor-driven vacuum cleaner. NO (if you're running from being killed, the last thing you're going to bring is a vacuum cleaner) 

I remember a post listing the sort of jobs there would be in Encanto but I forgot so I’ll just list the ones I know (let me know if I need to add anything.): 

Seamstress/tailor

Embellisher

Field worker 

Teacher (of any kind; music, dance, art, etc)

Woodworker - wood carver

Toy maker

Construction worker

Joining a Local band/ Orchestra - being apart of a choir 

Carpenter 

Metal worker 

Jeweler (though I’m not sure if Jewelery of the diamond/gem kind is common in Encanto)

bladesmith/ knifemaker 

Inventor? (Inventors should exist in Encanto by now…just one other genius besides Mirabel?)

I know some of these are very obvious but I’m just giving people options okay? 

@miracles-and-butterflies you seem to know a lot more about this kind of stuff so if you have anything to add/take away or me to fix please let me know. I tried to search up “When was X invention imported into Colombia” and literally nothing of use comes up. 

[taquela16]

Animal

Daily writing promptWhat animals make the best/worst pets?View all responses ~ My Life As A Mom

[tako-cafe]

Because I see a lot of trying to pinpoint time periods for ikevil because I’ve seen as early as 1850s up to late 1890s I’ve tried to to pinpoint it off of Kate’s uniform but actually I think her mail service is outdated! It’s supposed to be a blue coat by now for her not the red one.

what solidified the actual time period itself is Harrison talking about getting Arthur’s books as they come out. A study in Scarlett was from 1887. We know Harrison already loves the books so there has to be at least a couple of them by now for him to be so sucked in. I’d say A study in Scarlett and A Sign of Four is already out. So when he talks about a new book we have 3 options

(1) The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (1892)

(2) The Blue Carbuncle (1892)

(3) The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes (1893)

So the game has to be 1892-1893 because after the memoirs the next book was in 1902 and I do not think the game has entered the 1900s at all. So the game years has to be 1892 or 1893.