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icarusthelunarguard · 8 months

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This Week’s Horrible-Scopes

It’s time for this week’s Horrible-Scopes! So for those of you that know your Astrological Signs, cool! If not, just pick one, roll a D12, or just make it up as you go along. It really doesn’t matter. Better yet! Check out “Heart of the Game, Fredonia” and see if they can sell you those D12’s with the symbols on them. Tell them “Shujin Tribble” sentcha. And “Hail, Hail, Fredonia!” Home of the Blue Devil!

Someone, and we’re not naming names here, someone is really trying to challenge me with suggestions for the ‘Scopes; trying to stump me with topics. WELL! Just to prove that I refuse to be stumpified let’s launch into this week’s suggested topic: HATS! So hold on to yours because it’s time to duel!

Aries

Hey, Ladies! Let’s give you something classy as all hell. You might not know it by the name, “Cloche hat”, but you’ll know it on sight. It’s a bell-shaped woman's hat that was popular during the Roaring Twenties. So This Week… Head to a 2nd-hand shop and try on a Flapper Dress, but with two warnings. First, it’s heavier than you think it’ll be. And Second… it’s gunna cost more than you think it will.

Taurus

We’re taking you to a hard felt hat created in 1850 by Lock's of St James's, the hatters to Thomas Coke, 2nd Earl of Leicester, for his servants. So, yeah! You’re getting a hat fit for “The Help”. Commonly known as a “Derby” in the United States, your hat is also the name of a legendary restaurant. So This Week… Re-watch the old “Little Rascals” films and look for the kid with the bowler hat. That would be Stymie Beard. That hat? It was a gift from comedian Stan Laurel - of “Laurel & Hardy” fame! So you wear yours with PRIDE!

Gemini

JUST for you, we’re taking you to school. Specifically to Italian class. “Da Cappo” in Italian means “The Hat”, but it’s better than that. It’s a Musical Term, meaning once you get to this point, go back and start at the beginning all over again. So for This Week… You’re being challenged to pick up that first instrument you learned in third grade and try to play something again. Unless it was a recorder, in which case you’re off the hook.

Cancer Moon-Child

You’re getting a pretty famous hat, though you might not know it by name. Known as the "Smokey Bear" hat, it’s a broad-brimmed felt or straw hat with a high crown, pinched symmetrically at its four corners - what’s known as the "Montana Crease". Your hat is officially known as the “Campaign Hat”. So This Week… Remember; “Smokey the Bear” was named for "Smokey" Joe Martin, a New York City Fire Department hero who suffered burns and blindness during a bold 1922 rescue. So when you put on your hat, give it its proper reverence.

Leo

Let’s take you all the way back to the Bronze Age and give you a Beret! Sure, in modern times you could look like a military person, but really you’ve got one of the oldest designs of lid-wear. So This Week… Don’t try to wear it as a cold-weather hat. It’s just going to blow right off your head. Unless you buckle it tighter. REALLY tight!

Virgo

You know, all these hats that everyone knows by sight but almost never by name. Virgo, do you know what a “Bobby” is? It’s what they call a constable in the UK. So you’re getting the “Custodian helmet”. Yes, it’s a helmet, but that’s still a hat. So This Week… Do NOT learn how to speak with a British Accent from ‘Mary Poppins’!

Libra

Oh, we’re gunna screw you up hard with this one. Surprisingly enough it could be found in some of the Southernmost Islands of Japan. It's called the “Montera” - a crocheted hat worn by bullfighters. Yeah! Bullfighting was a THING in Super-South Japan thanks to Spanish Settlers. Bet you didn’t know that. So This Week… Watch Bugs Bunny be a bullfighter and remember you can’t do that! He’s a toon, you're not. Stick to Mechanical Bull Riding.

Scorpio

You’re getting an Australian favorite, believe it or not. It’s a bush hat with a wide brim known as the “Akubra”. It’s a distinctive part of Australian culture, especially in rural areas these days, and if you pair it with an oiled canvas riding jacket, you WILL be the sexiest person in that county. So This Week… See if the Driza-Bone company can ship a Rider Heritage Coat to your country yet.

Sagittarius

Are you going to be in a production of The Pirates of Penzance? No? Then you’re gunna look weird wearing a Pith Helmet. But we’re pretty sure you know how to find a rhyme for the term, “Hypotenuse”. So This Week… Learn the lyrics from “Major General”. You’re just dorky enough to remember it later.

Capricorn

It don’t get much more “Olde Timey” than this! You’re going to be wearing A seamen’s hat. No, it’s not what you think. Your hat, called the “Boater”, is a flat-brimmed, flat-topped, straw hat, formerly worn by public school students in the UK as part of their summer uniform. So This Week… since you won’t be going to a regatta or formal garden party this week, find a 1920’s schoolboy uniform to wear with it… Get a Gibson SG guitar and play “Thunderstruck”!

Aquarius

We’re gunna make a really strong suggestion: ONLY wear yours when you go in snow events. You’re getting a Balaclava. We don’t need to describe what it looks like other than to say, “If You Want To Rob A Bank, THIS Is The Hat You Want To Wear.” So This Week… Remember, you are NOT allowed to use money you’ve stolen to post bond for yourself. So just hit the ski slopes instead.

Pisces

If we say “Grandma”, or “Brrr!”, or “Eh?” what do you think of? That’s right - a stretched out sock, pulled over your head, known in Canada as.. The “Toque”. The worst part of it all is that Americans can’t seem to either pronounce it or spell it correctly - and maybe that’s for the best. So This Week… Learn to sing the PBR song from “Strange Brew!”

And THOSE are your Horrible-Scopes for this week! Remember if you liked what you got, we’re obviously not working hard enough at these. BUT! If you want a better or nastier one for your own sign or someone else’s, all you need to do to bribe me is just Let Me Know - or check out the Ko-Fi page ( https://ko-fi.com/icarusthelunarguard )! These will be posted online at the end of each week via Tumblr, Twitter, Facebook, Discord, and BLUESKY.

#parody #horrorscope #funny #horoscope #humor #comedy #yugioh #yu gi oh #straw hats

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astrologerinuk · 4 years

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Top & Best Astrologer in Leicester, UK | Famous Psychic Reader in Leicester | Black Magic Specialist

Meet The Best Indian Astrologer In Leicester, UK - Black Magic Specialist- Psychic Reader

Astrologer Vinod Shastri, the best Indian astrologer in Leicester, UK, has been helping millions of people to overcome all the problems of their life through astrological consultation and remedial procedures based on Indian Vedic astrology. He advises people to choose the right path of happiness and walk on it confidently. Celebrity Astrologer offers reliable astrological consultation to everyone coming from different walks of life. He never looks at their religion, caste or community when it comes to tackling their problems with effectiveness. Celebrity Astrologer analyzes horoscope & birth chart details to cover almost all aspects of life, such as career, business, finance, money, travel, health, education, love, marriage, romance etc.

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libramc · 3 years

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❤️ How to predict WHERE you're going to meet your future spouse through Astrology ❤️

hi guys! in today's post I'm going to show you how to find out where you'll meet your future spouse through your birth chart. this technique was discovered by the astrologer Kapiel Raaj, and it's based on vedic astrology. hence, you're going to need your sidereal birth chart to calculate this. if you already know how to do that, you can skip this part.

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first of all, go to astro.com > horoscope and then click on extended chart selection.

add your birth data by clicking on the 'add a new person' button. it's necessary to have your accurate birth time for this, as it's based on your ascendant.

then scroll down and click on options for zodiac and houses. choose the whole signs house system and then click on sidereal. after that, choose 'hindu/lahiri' on the ayanamsha button.

after you've calculated your chart, it will be something like this (this is angelina jolie's sidereal birth chart):

to calculate where you're going to meet your spouse, we need to first of all take a look at the 7th house lord, which is the planet that rules your 7th house. in this chart it is saturn, as she has capricorn in her 7th house. now that you know what is your 7th house lord, look at where it's placed in your chart. also, keep in mind that since this is a sidereal technique, we're only going to take in consideration traditional rulers, therefore aquarius is ruled by uranus, pisces by jupiter and scorpio by mars. angelina has her saturn in gemini in the 12th house. the opposite sign indicates the circumstances or directly the place where you're going to meet your spouse. in this chart, it is sagittarius. keep reading for an explanation of each sign!!

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♈️ aries opposite 7th house lord ♈️

you're going to meet your spouse when doing some sort of physical activity. you may meet them at the gym, or maybe at a sport event like a football match. you could even meet them just by taking a casual walk, and it could be love at first sight. you two may also meet in a place where there's lots of noise and action, maybe even danger, probably not in a quiet place. places that are ruled by aries are palestine, england, hong kong, germany, poland, syria, israel, lithuania, senegal, sierra leone and zimbabwe. as for cities, we have birmingham, cape town, leicester, florence, krakow, naples, utrecht, marseilles and georgia.

♉️ taurus opposite 7th house lord ♉️

taurus loves the finer things in life, so if you have this sign opposite your 7th house lord you may meet your spouse during your chill time. for instance, you may meet them at a spa, at the mall, at the beach... anything that symbolizes relax for you. in addition, taurus also rules finances, therefore you could meet them in a bank or in any place or circumstance where you have to deal with finances, even in a shop for example. also, since taurus rules over the throat and the voice, you may meet at a place where there's singing for instance, or at least there's music playing in the background. last but not least, being an earth sign, taurus opposing your 7th house lord may also indicate that you're going to meet your future spouse in a place where there's lots of green, maybe at the park or in a forest. places that are ruled by taurus are cyprus, tasmania, ireland, capri, rhodes, the greek iIslands, cuba, east timor, serbia, tanzania, south africa and yemen. as for cities, we have lucerne, eastbound, eastbourne, hastings, palermo, leipzig, st. louis and dublin.

♊️ gemini opposite 7th house lord ♊️

with gemini opposing your 7th house lord, you may meet your future spouse through socializing. you could meet them through your friends or through your siblings, maybe they're a sibling of a friend of yours. you could also meet them during short-distance trips, so maybe in a city near you or even on a train, on a bus, etc. communication is going to be involved, and hence you could even meet them at an event where there's the need to talk and / or write. possibly, you may as well meet him online or in school. places that are ruled by gemini include iceland, sardinia, morocco, belgium, wales, eritrea, guyana, kuwait, norway, montenegro, sweden and tonga. as for cities, we have nuremberg, tripoli, san francisco, london, melbourne, plymouth and cardiff.

♋️ cancer opposite 7th house lord ♋️

if cancer is opposing your 7th house lord, then you could have possibly known your future spouse since your childhood. you could have met a school, or to talk in a more general way you may be from the same city. possibly, you could as well meet in a place where there are children, or where there's food. in addition, since cancer is ruled by the moon, you could meet in a place where there's moon symbolism. maybe during a full or new moon. perhaps, you're going to meet near water as well, as cancer is a water sign. places that are ruled by cancer include usa, paraguay, scotland, holland, the bahamas bahrain belize, burundi, cape verde, columbia, comoros, democratic republic of the congo croatia djibouti, kiribati laos, liberia, madagascar, malawi mozambique, rwanda, slovenia solomon islands, algeria, somalia, and south korea. as for cities, we have manchester, new york, stockholm, tokyo, venice, york, amsterdam and milan.

♌️ leo opposite 7th house lord ♌️

with the sign of leo opposing your 7th house lord, you’re likely to meet your future spouse in a place where there’s fun. it could be at a party, during a vacation, at a bar, a restaurant... certainly not at work, that’s for sure. you’ll meet your spouse in a situation of relax, not of stress. since leo also rules celebrities, you may even meet them in a place where there are famous people, like a concert for instance. countries ruled by leo are afghanistan, india, italy, macedonia, romania, sicily, ecuador, zanzibar, bhutan, bolivia, central african republic chad, the ivory coast, gabon, indonesia, north korea, south korea, kyrgyzstan, malaysia, maldives, nicaragua, pakistan, mongolia, seychelles, singapore, ukraine and madagascar. as for cities, we have bristol, bombay, chicago, madrid, los angeles, philadelphia, rome and bath.

♍️ virgo opposite 7th house lord ♍️

virgo rules over health, and hence you may meet your future spouse in a health-related place. it could be at the doctor’s, at the dentist’s, in a hospital, etc. virgo is also routine, so you may meet your future spouse in a typical day of yours. it could be at the supermarket, at work, while you’re walking your dog, at the gym, and so on. basically, it could be that your future spouse is going to casually approach you in the streets. countries ruled by virgo include crete, brazil, greece, switzerland, turkey, uruguay, west indies, armenia, azerbaijan, belarus, brazil, costa rica, el salvador estonia guatemala, honduras, mali, moldova, qatar and tajikistan. as for cities we have athens, paris, toulouse, corinth, lyons, boston and mexico city.

♎️ libra opposite 7th house lord ♎️

if you have libra opposing your 7th house lord, you may get to meet your spouse in a place that has to do with beauty, so maybe in a clothes shop or at a salon. you may also meet them in a place where there are many people, or even at some sort of event like a marriage. libra also rules over politics and justice, so maybe you could meet them at the courthouse or during election time. countries that are ruled by libra include france, tibet, argentina, austria, burma, canada, china, japan, siberia, botswana, equatorial guinea, fiji, iraq, israel, lesotho, nigeria, palau, saint lucia, saudi arabia, tuvalu and uganda. as for cities that are ruled by libra we have lisbon, frankfurt, copenhagen, johannesburg, nottingham and antwerp.

♏️ scorpio opposite 7th house lord ♐️

scorpio is the sign of darkness, hence if you have it opposing your 7th house lord you may get to meet your spouse during nighttime. scorpio is also about sex, so this relationship could start off as a one night stand, or maybe you may meet in a place where sex is involved. you could also meet them in a place that has to do with death or where there's death symbolism, such as a graveyard (I hope not tho lol💀). you two may also be transforming yourselves when you meet, you could be starting a new chapter of your life to leave toxicity behind your shoulders. you could also meet at a place where you need to be naked, such as a beach or at the spa, or again in a place related to finances and money. countries that are ruled by scorpio include angola, morocco, queensland, korea, syria, norway, the transvaal, bavaria, antigua, barbuda, cambodia, dominica, latvia, lebanon, micronesia, panama, turkey, turkmenistan and zambia. cities that are ruled by scorpio include cincinnati, liverpool, newcastle, washington, vienna, baltimore and new orleans.

♐️ sagittarius opposite 7th house lord ♐️

sagittarius rules over foreign lands, so if you have it opposite your 7th house lord you're most likely going to meet your future spouse abroad. or perhaps, they are foreign and they travel to your country. you may also meet them in a place related to foreign culture, so maybe in a place filled with tourists, or perhaps in an exotic restaurant, perhaps at a sushi bar if you're not japanese for example. it may also be time for you for new experiences, perhaps you're doing something for the first time, such as trying a new sport or taking a plane. you may also meet your future spouse in college or in university, or in general in a place where there's teaching of any kind. last but not least, sagittarius is also a very spiritual sign, so you could meet them in a church, or maybe at an event related to religion such as a marriage, a baptism, etc. countries that are ruled by sagittarius include spain, australia, chile, hungary, saudi arabia, bangladesh, barbados, cameroon, kazakhstan, kenya, libya and mauritania. cities that are ruled by sagittarius include budapest, johannesburg, naples, nottingham, sheffield, sunderland, stuttgart and toronto.

♑️ capricorn opposite 7th house lord ♑️

capricorn is ruled by saturn, the planet of responsibilities, therefore if you have this sign opposing your 7th house lord you'll most likely meet your spouse on your workplace. perhaps they're your boss or a co-worker of yours, or maybe they may even be a customer of yours. you'll surely meet them later in life, when you're at least 27/28 years old, or perhaps when you manage to accomplish something really big in your life, not necessarily career-related. countries that are ruled by capricorn include india, bulgaria, mexico, great britain, albania, afghanistan, lithuania, bosnia, brunei, czech republic, haiti, nauru, slovakia and sudan. as for cities that are ruled by capricorn we have brandenburg, brussel, delhi, mexico city, port said, oxford and ghent.

♒️ aquarius opposite 7th house lord ♒️

you may meet your spouse in any place that has to do with electricity, for instance at a movie theater, at a theme park, at an apparel store, and so on. perhaps even on a public transport, such as a train, a taxi or a plane. also, since we're talking about electricity we can also count on internet, therefore if you have aquarius opposing your 7th house lord you have high chances of meeting your future spouse on social media, such as twitter, instagram, etc. or even through dating apps, such as tinder. last but not least, you may also be introduced to your spouse by your friends, or perhaps they could be a part of your group of friends. you may be both best friends and lovers, you would have a very playful and youthful relationship. countries that are ruled by aquarius include iran, finland, new zealand, russia, sweden, syria, ethiopia, the holy vatican city and sri lanka. cities that are ruled by aquarius include brighton, hamburg, helsinki, moscow, salzburg, st. petersburg and bremen.

♓️ pisces opposite 7th house lord ♓️

if you have pisces opposite your 7th house lord, you may first of all meet your future spouse near water. therefore you could meet them at the beach, at an aquarium, at the lake, at the pool, etc. perhaps even at a restaurant that serves seafood and fish, such as a sushi bar. pisces is also about alcohol, therefore you may also meet them in a bar or at a party where there's alcohol. pisces also rules over art and images, therefore you could meet them in a place where there are lots of pictures and paintings, such as a museum, or perhaps even at the movie theater, at a concert, etc. the club would be an option too, as it combines both alcohol and dancing, two pisces related things. also, it could be very late at night, when you're supposed to be sleeping, or perhaps, you're just sleepy or even drunk. last but not least, this placement usually indicates a soulmate or twinflame connection, therefore you may even meet your spouse first in the 5D than in the 3D, perhaps you feel spiritually connected to them even if you haven't met them yet. you could very likely dream of them as well. lastly, pisces is also about healing, so your future spouse may either work in the medicine field or maybe they're some sort of spiritual healer. you could possibly also meet them at the church or in a temple. countries that are ruled by pisces include normandy, north africa, portugal, samoa, egypt, Scandinavia, mauritius, morocco, namibia and tunisia. cities that are ruled by pisces include warsaw, alexandria, grimsby, jerusalem, bournemouth, seville and cowes.

and this is it! let me know in the comments where you're going to meet your spouse, and if you've already met them feel free to say if this post resonated with your experience!

follow me for more,

libramc xx

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mgangakenya · 4 months

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Most Respected African Traditional Healer Dr. Muchindu - Trusted Love Spells

Most Respected African Traditional Healer Dr. Muchindu - Trusted Love SpellsDr. Muchindu's authority with the promise of trustworthy love spells, attracting attention from those seeking reliable African traditional healing and love solutions., Best traditional healer, Dr. Muchindu, is the leading African herbalist and traditional healer in the United Kingdom, UK, California, Moscow, Bristol, Leicester, Nottingham, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Birmingham, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Southampton, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, London, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Manchester.,. | Dr. Muchindu's Trusted Services , the Trusted Astrologer and Spell Caster in Georgia""" - Best African Traditional Healer and Best Witch Doctor UK, USA, Canada and Australia, also Known as the East and Central Africa’s Leading Astrologer Dr. Muchindu has attends to people from all walks of life in Africa and Across the World. How to Order Binding Love Spells That Always Work Have you ever noticed that we only purchase products and services that come highly recommended? Whether it’s an appliance repairman, a hairstylist, or a dancing instructor, if someone gives them a well-deserved praise, most likely we’ll be satisfied with their work too. This principle has always worked well in magic. Nowadays it is crucial to know the website of a highly skilled spellcaster, since the internet is flooded with websites run by pseudo-magicians. One of such websites is Muchindu , so if you have the courage to use it, you will be lucky enough to have the most powerful spellcaster Muchindu casting a binding spell for you. What Love Binding Spells Are And When They Are Cast Love binding spells that work are cast on many occasions such as: - Generally the binding spell is used as an all-purpose magic technique for establishing relationships. - Also, spells of binding help reestablish lost love connections. - Witches and spellcasters can use binding rituals of this quite broad category to help you find someone you’ve never met and only seen in your fantasies. - It is used as an effective invisible magnet to draw the attention of the person of your choosing. However, it must be a member of your community rather than a celebrity or an actor. - Binding spells can also help you improve communication, harmony, and lessen the frequency and intensity of jealousy fits. About The Price And Timing of Binding Spells For Love Spellcaster MUCHINDU does not offer fixed prices and due dates for his binding spell for lovers (see the link above). That is something he can’t know, even though he knows far more than the ordinary man. Your life situation may be as simple as this: you like someone, they like you and all you need to do is give them some courage to take the first step while enhancing their feelings. The quickest and easiest love spells might be of assistance in this situation. Real spellcasters don’t charge their clients more for being more experienced. They charge a reasonable amount for the magic they perform. Therefore, quick witchcraft that takes less than a week or two to complete will be quite inexpensive. Example of A Complicated Relationship And A Very Complicated Love Binding Spell Imagine yet another situation where someone you love is not noticing you. Imagine that he doesn’t like you as a person or future spouse, or he already has somebody he loves and cares about. Or maybe he’s with her because she is good for his business somehow or she can help him move up the career ladder. 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Imagine that a binding ritual is performed immediately after your enter the witch’s office, but transfer this scenario into a different setting. For instance, you have chest pain and come to a doctor, and the latter performs surgery on you without conducting any tests or exams. So, don’t expect a different outcome from binding love spells with photos that work fast, because in magic, everything carried out hastily or recklessly always results in a fateful disaster. ‘Odd’ Unwritten and Unspeakable Binding Witchcraft Silence surrounds not just easy binding spells such as, for example, a simple binding spell. Witches also avoid writing about homosexual magic spells, either because they deny their existence or because they think no one could ever request one. However, between 10 and 18% of males globally identify as gay, and lesbians have approximately the same statistics. So, it’s unclear, why there is almost no information about gay spells. Spellcaster Muchindu says it’s because even among his most esteemed colleagues only a select handful engage in gay spells. Almost all of them would employ voodoo binding love spells in this case. Spellcaster Muchindu , who is perfectly capable of casting such love spells, is completely sure that traditional magic is more effective. It offers spells that cultivates real love leading to a strong and lasting relationship filled with mutual care, respect, and kindness. So order it and enjoy the consistency and purity of your feelings. Why Can’t A Spell To Bring Back Lover Be A Simple Ritual You can see it for yourself by answering some the questions about your ex. You’re going to order bring lover back spells knowing the following: - Your ex is unable to forgive you. - He has blocked your phone number and social media profiles. - You did everything you could to hurt him when you broke up. - You are responsible for the breakup, and this guilt is difficult to forgive or forget about. - Your ex is happy in the new relationship. - He is happy without you. - You are less accomplished than him. On top of that, you are not as attractive as you used to be and your new job is less prestigious. Simple binding spells will make your ex notice you, be happy for you, or recall what drove him away in the first place but they can’t revive love. Using Voodoo Doll Spells For Love Instead of Safe and Proven Traditional Spells Speaking of mutual feelings, we build a relationship where the partners stay together not because they have to but because they want to and care about each other. However, there is a way to win your spouse back without arousing feelings in him. It is voodoo for love, performed to take away a man’s ability to control their life. When they are told “Remember” using hoodoo binding spells, they do so and think of you. They are told “Come back”, and they do it. They are commanded “Stay nearby”, and they don’t leave. Similar incidents frequently occur in unsettling nightmares from which it is hard to wake up. Such spells are very detrimental to karma, according to spellcaster Muchindu . However, there are far more dangerous love spells that also belong to voodoo love binding spells – obsession spells, as they call them. What Disappoints Most People About Effective Obsession Spells The reasoning makes sense: by ordering the strongest spell, one anticipates obtaining a favorable outcome. However, obsession spells frequently render all of your calculations useless. You are with the target. He left his wife for you, moved into a new house with you, and gave you access to his bank accounts, but he is unable to give you anything more than that. He is not in love with you. As a woman or a witty conversationalist, you don’t appeal to him. To him, you are like that rock that the gods bind people to as punishment. Being unable to alter fate (and under the influence of a powerful binding love spell, having no such desire), the miserable lover feels like a rower on the galleries. The only difference is that the rower has a contract that stipulates the date when he is exempt from their torturous labor. The victim of obsession spells, on the opposite, has no release date specified. Immediately Leave A Website Offering Obsession Spells With Pictures We do not advise against voodoo picture spells. They may be completed faster than traditional binding spells and are more powerful and effective. What we advise is to consider all the risks before placing an order, and only then get in touch with the love spellcaster. Unfortunately, voodoo shamans rarely offer fortune telling. They can either respond positively or negatively to a query using the witchcraft technique they have access to. “Will I be happy?” you ask – “Yes or no,” will be the only answer you get. Don’t try to get any more tips from them. After determining that casting another love spell is not the best option for you, take some time to leave the shamanic site and seek out a powerful fortune teller The most accurate predictions available today come from tarot reading. It reveals the outcome of witchcraft by days and individual events. Tarot reading can also tell you how the person of interest would behave when in a state of obsession. How and When to Escape Dark Witchcraft Spells One good thing about this joyless witchcraft is that it eventually comes to an end. Love spells that torture the target are typically cast by weak witches, hence they don’t last long. However, a person may be held captive for five to seven years if specific action amulets are purchased and if the customer visits the witch to repeat the binding spell on a regular basis. If you’re considering using black magic to make someone fall in love with you because you’re already enthusiastic about the prospect of having them as yours for a similar length of time, please, slow down. You’ll have to endure two years of karmic redemption for every year that someone else is held captive. Such redemption comes via the loss of luck, beauty, wealth, health, and friends. Spellcaster Muchindu says that in order to avoid the worst, he will help you to choose the world’s most powerful love spell in existence. This spell will both draw your loved one to you and maintain the joyful flow of your life. What Are The Attributes Of The Most Powerful Love Spell In The World? - They are performed only by the best love spell casters. - Before starting, the master always discusses potential risks in addition to guarantees. - You are always informed of the status of the magical work. - You will get instructions on how to interact with the target of the love spell in the future. - After you obtain your desired outcome, the spellcasters remain in touch and keep an eye on you. - You may get in touch with the spellcaster at any time to share your thoughts or to discuss any new aspirations. - You are usually offered amulets that come in a variety of forms. They can prevent relationships from ending due to internal or external factors and assist in maintaining a high intensity of feelings within the marriage. Fascinating Discussion About Spells For Marriage Proposals A lot of women are already experiencing marriage-related frustration when their beloved finally proposes to them. Some are disappointed with the ring, while yet others dislike the manner in which it is done. In fact, they encounter so many unpleasant surprises later in life that they ultimately decide to file for divorce themselves. Spellcaster Muchindu advises you to take control of the quality of your family life at the planning stage. He does more than just forces the chosen man to propose to you with the help of marriage proposal spells. He also uses spells to assist your husband to be a perfect life partner throughout the marriage. The material component is just as important as the physical and spiritual ones. The most powerful spellcaster makes men prosperous while forcing them to spend the majority of their money on their spouses. Making Black and White Magic Binding Spells Live Up To The Guarantees In a conversation with a Top spellcaster, one in four clients recollects a failed love spell order. A real master is always ready to assist in recasting unsuccessful spells, but they also warn against letting poor magical work go unpunished. Since there is nothing to charge the witch with and magical activity is not governed by the law, the court is unlikely to accept your case. However, you have every right to demand your money back. Furthermore, you have the power to destroy the witch’s reputation to the point where she is forced to stop working as a professional magic service provider. Post a review describing what you happened to you after ordering black or white magic for love, and how the spell to reunite lovers guaranteed by the witch worked out. At the very least, many individuals will not fall prey to fraud after that. Why A Spell To Attract Love Will Never Be Successful There are some folks who visit the spell caster out of curiosity, or, as they say, to test whether magic works. The master identifies these people immediately, but does not reject them, since he is all too aware of how amazed they are when they witness the consequences of his magical work. Additionally, some customers harbor romantic aspirations but believe they are unworthy of love. Even the most powerful attraction spells won’t make people with a low self-esteem happy. The most precious times in their life are tainted by fear, uncertainty, and the worry of betrayal. Spellcaster Muchindu advises them to begin with themselves. Instead of meditating, or trying to lose weight, or mastering the art of seduction, or cookery, order rituals that alter your settings rather than love spells now. Most Important Advice From The Best Relationship Psychic You may get a psychic reading love spells at any time. If you want, the spellcaster will provide psychic reading at your first appointment. All information gathered in our article is primarily advisory in nature. Since magic is not free, we want to help you understand how to receive the finest outcomes for a fair price. Thus, the finest piece of advice, in our opinion, is to start with yourself. It’s important not to suppress your self-consciousness. It is eliminated by spellcasters in a different way: - If you don’t like how you look, you’ll be granted beauty and a slim figure. - If you are not happy with your income, after casting spells you start to attract money energies. - If you feel old, you will be blessed with youth and active living. Every individual has a desire to improve some aspect of their personality and a highly skilled spellcaster is able to make such transformation possible for everyone. What to Avoid in Real Relationships Spells Magic Provides The most dangerous expectation is that someone else will take action to achieve happiness for you. Relationship love spells bind you to another person and keep you from separating. They are not omnipotent, though, as they can be obstructed or destroyed. Sometimes your boyfriend feels half the love for you just because you didn’t pick up when he was calling to say he loves you and it made him jealous. Since these emotions were created by witchcraft, they cannot refuel naturally. As a result, your worth and interest in his eyes will also drop by half. Of course, collapses of this intensity are extremely uncommon. However, if you eliminate the witchcraft effect piece by piece, you eventually leave nothing behind. Then, you may either accept your loss or order a fresh love spell. Read the full article

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dwellordream · 3 years

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“...In 1564 de Silva wrote to Philip about watching a comedy with Elizabeth. Comedies, he observed, generally deal with marriage. Elizabeth then led the talk to the question of marriage between Don Carlos and Mary Stuart. De Silva denied it, claiming that "It is no new thing for great princes to be the subjects of gossip." "So true is that," replied the queen, "that they said in London the other day that the King my brother, was sending an Ambassador to treat of the marriage of the Prince with me!" As was discussed in a previous chapter, Elizabeth presented herself to her people as an icon of virginity, a Virgin Queen, to bring her people through the break with the Catholic Church and the worship of the Virgin Mary. Elizabeth and her government deliberately took over the symbolism and prestige of the suppressed Marian cult in order to foster a cult of the Virgin Queen. This proved a powerful resource for Elizabeth in dealing with the political problems of her regime.

People did not, however, regard Elizabeth solely as a Virgin Queen. They were also intrigued by her imagined and real sexuality, a speculation that echoed some late medieval questions about the Virgin Mary. People talked about Elizabeth's love affairs, speculating on the one hand, about the number of illegitimate children she had, and, wondering, on the other, whether she had a physical deformity that kept her from consummating a physical relationship. These rumors served the dual purpose of allowing people to openly speculate about the succession of a male heir, while denigrating Elizabeth in a typically misogynist way- by dismissing her as a whore. The interest in Elizabeth's sexuality was undoubtedly heightened by the many courtships in which Elizabeth was involved. While Elizabeth proclaimed that she hated these negotiations, as we have seen, many believed otherwise. While the previous chapter concerned itself with the official courtships of Elizabeth and responses to them, this chapter instead concentrates on the rumors that she took lovers and had illegitimate children.

Her love not only of marriage offers but of the accoutrements of courtship worked to encourage this perception. While it is extremely unlikely that she had any intention of actually satisfying her courtiers, she loved their claims of adoration. As Jonathan Goldberg suggests, "Courting was a metaphor for the desire for power and authority, a metaphor enacted and lived." In the first years of her reign, Elizabeth was seen everywhere with Robert Dudley, whom she eventually created Earl of Leicester. The Dudley family was one that had been been intimately connected with the Tudors for two generations, a connection that had previously led to disastrous setbacks for the Dudley family. Robert's grandfather, Edmund, had ruthlessly squeezed money out of the populace for Henry VII; the young Henry VIII had him executed at the beginning of his reign as a way to court popularity. Robert's father John, Duke of Northumberland, had attempted the coup to place Lady Jane Grey on the throne in 1553 as a means to continue the power he had assumed in the reign of the boy king, Edward.

When the plot failed John Dudley was one of the few that Mary immediately had executed. Robert and Elizabeth had known each other since childhood and Elizabeth clearly cared deeply for him. Their friendship may have been further strengthened while both were in the Tower during Mary's reign. Upon becoming queen, Elizabeth sent Robert Dudley to the astrologer/magician John Dee, his old tutor, to discover the most auspicious day for her coronation. Almost immediately she made Dudley her Master of the Horse, the man who chose the horses for her official processions and rode with her, and so had close access to her. She showered him with other gifts and honors. Within a few months of Elizabeth's accession the foreign ambassadors' letters home were filled with references to the close friendship of Robert and the new queen. The Spanish Ambassador, the Count de Feria, wrote to Philip in April 1559 that "during the last few days Lord Robert has come so much into favour that he does whatever he likes with affairs and it is even said that her Majesty visits him in his chamber day and night."

Unfortunately (from his point of view), as we know, at the time Elizabeth became queen Dudley was already married. Many people suggested that Robert was simply waiting for Amy to die so that he might marry the queen. Paolo Tiepolo, the Venetian ambassador in Brussels, heard from England that Elizabeth "evinces such affection and inclination [toward Robert] that many persons believe that if his wife, who has been ailing some time, were perchance to die, the Queen might easily take him for her husband." We know that Amy's mysterious death made Dudley's courtship of Elizabeth far more problematic. Whenever Dudley was mentioned as a potential marriage partner for the queen, people were bound to bring up the rumor that he had murdered his wife. Whatever the truth, the scurrilous comments about Elizabeth and Robert Dudley disturbed many people.

Thomas Lever wrote to Francis Knollys and William Cecil on September 17, 1560 about "the grevous and dangerous suspition, and muttering'' in Coventry about Amy's death. Unless these suspicions were allayed, the "displeasure of God, the dishonor of the Quene, and the Danger of the whole Realme is to be feared." The next January de Quadra wrote to Philip about certain preachers who spoke about Amy's death in a way that harmed the queen's honor. The other courts of Europe were rife with gleeful gossip. Mary Stuart, still queen of France and without yet a scandal to touch her, said that "the Queen of English is going to marry her horsekeeper." Sir Nicholas Throckmorton, the English Ambassador, wrote from Paris that the French gossip about Elizabeth's morals made him wish he were dead. "The bruits be so brim, and so maliciously reported here, touching the marriage of the Lord Robert, and the death of his wife .... We begin already to be in derision and hatred, for the bruit only."

Throckmorton added, "One laugheth at us, another threateneth, another revileth the Queen. Some let not to say, what religion is this that a subject shall kill his wife, and the Prince not only bear withal but marry with him?" Throckmorton begged William Cecil to discover some method to prevent the marriage. If the queen married Dudley, he predicted, "God and religion will be out of estimation; the Queen discredited, condemned, and neglected; and the country ruined and made prey." So strong was the belief that Elizabeth would marry Dudley that in November of 1560 de Quadra reported to Philip that the marriage had already taken place. "Cecil has given way to Robert, who they say was married to the Queen in the presence of his brother and two ladies of the chamber." Whether to marry Dudley or not must have caused Elizabeth great anguish. In the same month Elizabeth's servant R. J. Jones wrote to Throckmorton in Paris that "the Queen's Majesty looketh not so hearty and well as she did, by a great deal; and surely the matter of my Lord Robert doth much perplex her."

Despite such stories and all her soul-searching, Elizabeth never did marry Robert Dudley, no matter how close she may have felt toward him and how long and intensely he courted her. It was not really until 1575, after he had grandly feted the queen at Kenilworth, that Dudley finally and completely recognized that she would never marry him. In what some saw as a bizarre twist, in 1564 Elizabeth did propose Dudley as a marriage partner for the then-widowed Mary Stuart before the Scottish queen married her second husband, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley. It was to make Dudley a more acceptable suitor that Elizabeth made him Earl of Leicester. But even at this solemn ceremony Elizabeth tickled his neck. People were on occasion shocked by the affection she showed to him. Yet when Katherine Ashley, Elizabeth's closest confidante when she was in her teens and then one of the ladies of the queen's bed chamber, "covertly commended Leicester unto her for a husband, [Elizabeth] answered in a passion: 'Dost thou think me so unlike myself, and so unmindful of my Royal Majesty, that I would prefer my servant, whom I myself have raised, before the greatest princes of Christendom, in choosing of an husband.'"

And when Elizabeth thought she was dying of smallpox in October 1562 she solemnly swore that, though she loved Lord Robert dearly, God was her witness that nothing improper had happened between them, that there was no dishonor to their relationship. She asked, however, that if she died not only should Dudley be made the protector of the realm but his man servant should be given a large salary, which does suggest there were aspects of her relationship with Dudley that she did not want exposed. Elizabeth's bout with smallpox intensified the already existing fear of a lack of a successor felt by her councillors and the people. What would happen if the queen were to die with no child and no established succession? To add to the sense of popular horror, about the same time that Elizabeth was ill a monstrosity was found in the Lincoln's Inn Fields- "a certaine image of wax, with a great pin struck into it about the brest of it."

…Elizabeth's request to make Robert Dudley protector of the realm would not in any way have reassured her councillors, and their relief must have been enormous that in 1562 they were not called upon to either keep- or break-that promise. That Elizabeth wanted Dudley to be protector suggests how important he was to her at least at that moment, and one can certainly imagine that their relationship was close, romantic, complex, and ambiguous, and may well have had some sort of sexual component, yet Elizabeth's statement in 1562 (and the way she behaved throughout her reign) makes it doubtful that they were lovers in the traditional sense. What is more important than the possible relationship between Elizabeth and Dudley is the widespread belief about the nature of their relationship. The gossip about the two continued throughout the reign and was carefully gathered up by worried government officials.

A generation earlier rumors and scandal about Elizabeth's mother helped to destroy Anne Boleyn. Implicit in these comments and speculations, which we find in the public records, is a definite thread of malice-the sense that Elizabeth, this unmarried woman of questionable morals, had no business ruling. In 1560 there were several reports that Elizabeth was pregnant. For instance, Mother Anne Dowe was committed to jail for "openly asserting that the Queen was with child by Robt. Duddeley." Mother Dowe had come in one morning to a tailor's shop, saying that there were things going on that no one should speak about- which she immediately proceeded to do. She told the astonished tailor that Lord Robert had given the queen a child. When the tailor responded, "Why she hath no child yet!" Mother Dowe replied, "He hath put one to the making." Three years later Edmund Baxter openly expressed the not uncommon view that Elizabeth's reputed unchastity disqualified her as a monarch, something that had never been said of her father or any other heterosexual male ruler.

Baxter's reported words were: "that Lord Robert kept her Majesty, and that she was a naughty woman, and could not rule her realm, and that justice was not being administered." His wife added that when she saw the queen at Ipswich "she looked like one lately come out of child-bed." Though the ability to administer justice should have nothing to do with Elizabeth's sexual behavior, in these subjects' minds, and it was far from an unusual perspective, they were inextricably linked. Even the most private sin would have impact in public rule, and this was particularly the case for a sexual sin. Corruption to the body of the monarch would reflect the corrupting of the whole realm, the body politic. By being called unchaste, Elizabeth was also being charged with not being a good ruler in a way that was directly connected with her sex, especially since the concept of honor and its relation to behavior was markedly different for women and for men in the sixteenth century.

For males, honor had to do with keeping one's word and with not being shamed on the battlefield. Women preserved their honor not only through their actual chastity but also by maintaining the reputation of chaste behavior. For a woman to be thought unchaste, even if it were untrue, was a loss of honor. In accusing the queen of sexual improprieties, people were charging her with dishonorable behavior in a way that would not be the case in a similar rumor about a king. Moreover, accusations of behaving as a "lewd woman," or being called "whore," were among the principal terms of abuse used against women on all social levels of society. By calling their monarch a whore, these people were identifying Elizabeth's gender as the most salient aspect of her entity as ruler. There are parallels to the reaction of the Scottish people toward Mary Stuart, except that Mary's weakness in handling government and her behavior with Darnley and Bothwell were such she was forced to abdicate and fled Scodand after a short reign.

The rumors and hostile denigrations of Elizabeth never put the English queen at such risk, nor was she ever personally such a target as Mary was. In August 1562, while Mary was walking with Sir Henry Sidney, the day before he was to depart back to England, a Captain Hepburn "presented her grace a byll," which contained "as ribbalde verses as anye dyvleshe wytte coulde invent, and under them drawne with a penne the secreate members both of men and women in as monstrous a sort as nothynge coulde be more shamefullye dyvisede." Jenny Wormald points out how "profoundly humiliating and insulting" it was for Mary to not only be "the object of scandal spread about her, but the personal recipient of a direct gesture," and argues no one would have dared hand such a paper to Elizabeth. After Darnley's murder and her marriage to Bothwell, a rebellion forced Mary off the throne. As she was taken back to Edinburgh as a prisoner in June 1567 people cried out, "burn the whore! ... burn her, burn her, she is not worthy to live, kill her, drown her."

The English never yelled "burn the whore" at Elizabeth, but they did feel free to speculate about her lovers and supposed bastards. The gossip of Mother Ann Dowe and the Baxters may be more comprehensible than the later rumors, since in the 1560s Elizabeth was young, unmarried, and indiscreet in some people's eyes with her public displays of affection for Robert Dudley. Elizabeth herself responded to the various rumors that surrounded her. In 1564 she told the Spanish Ambassador, Guzman de Silva, a man with whom she shared a number of confidences: They charge me with a good many things in my own country and elsewhere, and, amongst others, that I show more favour to Robert than is fitting; speaking of me as they might speak of an immodest woman .... I have shown favour, although not so much as he deserves, but God knows how great a slander it is, and a time will come when the world will know it. My life is in the open, and I have so many witnesses that I cannot understand how so bad a judgement can have been formed of me.

Two years later, when Elizabeth was upset with Dudley, or at least wished de Silva to believe she was so he would encourage the prospective marriage with the Archduke Charles, she complained to de Silva about Robert's ingratitude, "after she had shown him so much kindness and favour, that even her honour had suffered for the sake of honouring him." William Cecil for one did not have this "bad a judgement," and believed in the virtue of his queen. But he too was well aware of what was being said, and how her honor had suffered. In a letter to his close associate Thomas Smith in March 1566 he wrote: "Briefly I affirm, that the Quene's Majesty may be, by malicious tongs, not well reported, but in truth she herself is blameless, and hath no spot of evill intent." De Silva also came to believe in the virtue of the queen he observed so closely. He wrote in 1564 to the Duchess of Parma about Elizabeth that "she bears herself toward [Robert] in a way that together with other things that can be better imagined than described make me doubt sometimes whether Robert's position is so irregular as many think. It is nothing for princes to hear evil, even without giving any cause of it."

Yet the gossip about Elizabeth's behavior continued. De Silva heard rumors that Dudley slept with the queen on New Year's day, 1566. In 1570 a man named Marshame was condemned to lose both his ears or else pay a fine of a hundred pounds for saying that Elizabeth had two children by Robert Dudley. Two years later, during the investigations of the Ridolfi Plot, further comments about Elizabeth and her lovers were divulged. Keneln Berney confessed that a confederate, Mather, a supporter of the Duke of Norfolk, had intended to kill the queen, for "yf she weare not kylled, or made awaye, ther was no Waye but Deathe with the Duke." Berney claimed that Mather had described Elizabeth as "so vyle a Woman ... that desyrethe nothinge but to fede her owne lewd fantasye." The way she would do it would be to ignore the worthwhile nobililty in favor of "Daunsers . . . [who] please her delycate Eye," such men as Dudley and Sir Christopher Hatton.

Mather claimed these men "had more recourse to Her Majesty in her Privy Chamber than reason would suffer if she were so virtuous and well-inclined as some [ noiseth] her!" According to Berney, Mather had "other suche vyle Words as I arne ashamed to speake, much more to wrytt." Mather asked for mercy, "I confesse further, of rnislanguage in seeking to praise the Queen of Scottes, and to slander your Royall Persone. . . . I wholly remit my Cause to your Majestie's Mercie, who beinge a Mirror of Clemencie, will of your Majestie's Graciousnes, deale herein." But despite Elizabeth's reputation for leniency, both Berney and Mather were executed for their part in the Ridolfi Plot, soon after the death of Norfolk. In 1572 Robert Blosse was brought before the Record of London, William Fleetwood, for spreading rumors that Elizabeth had four children by Robert Dudley.

…Though the way Elizabeth behaved may have fostered these rumors they might well have surfaced even if she had not enjoyed and encouraged the ritual of courtship and favorites. Her sister Mary I in no way mirrored this behavior; she was the epitome of virgin and then chaste wife. Moreover, she was clearly infertile in her reign. Her marriage to Philip yielded only a false pregnancy that ended in humiliation and despair. Despite this a rumor surfaced during her reign that she had an illegitimate child by Stephen Gardiner, the bishop of Winchester, a most improbable combination. Here as well this rumor represented both denigration of the queen and wish fulfillment. The belief in Elizabeth's lovers, in her illegitimate children, and the sexual interest in her suggest how significant and complex gender constructions and sexual issues were in the minds of Elizabeth's subjects and the important part they played in shaping the way English men and women regarded their queen.

Though there were often comments about the personal lives of male monarchs, they were of a different nature, and served very different functions. With a king, the need for an heir was equally important, but it was the wife of the king who was there to produce the heir, and, as Henry VIII demonstrated all too clearly, if the wife did not adequately perform this role, if she did not have healthy sons, she could always be replaced. With Elizabeth, the question of the queen marrying and producing an heir was much more serious, since she herself was both ruler and potential producer of the heir. Elizabeth's councillors and Parliament felt a deep need to insure the legitimate succession in order to safeguard the peace of the nation. In the Parliament of 1559, one member maintained that "nothing can be more contrary to the public [interest] than that such a Princess, in whose marriage is comprehended the safety and peace of the Commonwealth, should live unmarried, and as it were a Vestal Virgin."

But perhaps there were also other more obscure motivations behind the repeated behests to Elizabeth to marry. This nation of men at times found it both frustrating and degrading to serve a female, especially one not under the control of any man. William Cecil, for one, prayed that "God send our mistress a husband, and by time a son, that we may hope our posterity shall have a masculine succession." Elizabeth was queen to a people unused to female rule, a people who were just getting over the dislocation of the break with the Catholic Church. Elizabeth, unmarried and refusing to name an heir, was both Virgin and Mother; queen and prince. The very real adoration most of her people felt for Elizabeth made her even more the focus for their distress. The gossip about Elizabeth allowed her subjects to express their ambiguous feelings about her anomalous position in a patriarchal culture as a female ruler who took the unprecedented step of refusing to assume the roles traditionally allotted to women as wives and mothers.

Instead, Elizabeth ruled with great success- establishing a broadly based religious policy and a long peace as well as presiding over spectacular cultural developments. Elizabeth was not only politically astute but truly loved her subjects and revelled in their love for her. Yet with all her varied self-presentations, she was still an unmarried woman instead of a king. She could not overcome either her sex or the decision she made not to provide England with a king-consort and an heir of her body or to name any other successor. The comments about her sexuality were one way for her people to come to express their ambivalent feelings about her position as ruler, and also to come to terms with it.”

- Carole Levin, “Wanton and Whore.” in The Heart and Stomach of a King: Elizabeth I and the Politics of Sex and Power

#the heart and stomach of a king #elizabeth i of england #elizabethan #history #renaissance #carole levin

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lukeskywaker4ever · 5 years

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Phillipa of Lancaster: Queen of Portugal

Philippa of Lancaster did not marry until she was twenty-six years old, quite late for a princess of her rank. Her father, John of Gaunt, arranged a splendid marriage for her in conjunction with an alliance with King Joao I of Portugal. Philippa and King Joao had a large, well-educated and accomplished family that came to be known as the “illustrious generation”.

Philippa was born on March 31, 1360 at Leicester Castle, the first child of her parents. Her father was John of Gaunt, one of the many sons born to King Edward III of England and his revered Queen, Philippa of Hainault. Princess Philippa was named after her grandmother. Philippa’s mother was Blanche, the daughter of Henry of Grosmont, Earl of Derby who distinguished himself at the naval Battle of Winchelsea in 1350 by saving John of Gaunt and his brother the Black Prince as their ship was sinking. Edward III awarded him by giving him the title of Duke of Lancaster. When Henry of Grosmont died of the plague ten days after receiving his title, Blanche inherited his wealth and John of Gaunt became the Duke of Lancaster.

Many of Grosmont’s castles went to Philippa’s parents. She was to spend a great deal of time at the Savoy Palace on the Thames in London as well as the castles of Hertford, Tutbury, Kenilworth and Bolingbroke. She had her own nurse named Maud. When she was three and a half, a sister named Elizabeth arrived. When Philippa was six years old, Geoffrey Chaucer married one of the Queen’s ladies, Philippa de Roet and began to work in the Lancaster household. Philippa de Roet had a sister named Katherine who also worked for the Queen. Katherine was to marry Sir Hugh Swynford and would come to have an immense influence on the life of Philippa of Lancaster. When Philippa was seven, her brother Henry was born.

John of Gaunt had gone to Spain to fight. While he was gone, the Black Death swept England. Blanche of Lancaster moved her children and household to Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire in hopes of avoiding the disease. Unfortunately, Blanche succumbed to the Black Death on September 12, 1369. On the day she died, Katherine Swynford was there to visit Blanche. Katherine immediately took charge of Blanche’s three children. John of Gaunt returned to England in November. He had Blanche’s body transported to London and she was buried in St. Paul’s Cathedral.

Before she died, Blanche herself had begun to teach her daughters to read and write. Geoffrey Chaucer began to improve on these lessons. Chaucer had a deep interest in science, astrology and navigation. He even wrote a treatise on the astrolabe and taught Philippa how to use it. He also wrote an elegiac poem honoring Philippa’s mother. In addition to the teachings of Chaucer, she was taught poetry by Jean Froissart and philosophy and theology under John Wycliffe.

By 1371, Katherine Swynford had become the mistress of John of Gaunt. She was officially appointed governess to Philippa and her sister that same year. As governess, Katherine would have been responsible for teaching the girls courtly accomplishments and the ability to administer their own households. She probably taught them dancing, singing, conversation, good carriage and games. Many offers for marriage were considered for Philippa but nothing ever came of them.

John of Gaunt was acutely aware he would never inherit the crown of England so he sought a crown of his own. He contracted a marriage with the Infanta Costanza, the rightful heiress of the crown of Castile in September of 1371. From the day of his marriage he and Costanza were called the “King and Queen of Castile”. Within a year, Costanza had a daughter named Cataline.

In June of 1376, the Black Prince, heir to the throne died and in June of 1377, King Edward III died. The Black Prince’s son Richard became king at the age of ten. The Lancaster family was present at the coronation on July 16th. John of Gaunt was to take a large role in the government of the young king. That same summer, Philippa, her sister Elizabeth and her stepmother were all elected to the Order of the Garter and took part in the induction ceremony.

In 1381, the reign of Richard II was not going well and the people rose up against the government, with John of Gaunt being the object of their anger. An irate mob burned down his magnificent Savoy Palace in London. It was after this that John of Gaunt broke off relations with his mistress Katherine Swynford. Philippa lost her governess and significant change began in her life. She became closer to her stepmother and stepsister Cataline.

In 1385, the English Parliament approved the sending of an army to Portugal to support King Joao I and to enforce the claims of John of Gaunt to the kingdom of Castile. He took his family to await the arrival of the Portuguese fleet to transport the English army overseas. They sailed in July and arrived in Portugal and King Joao came to meet them. Joao and John admired each other immensely. Discussions ensued on the terms of the armies helping each other to attack Castile. They also discussed a marriage of Joao to one of Gaunt’s daughters. Most of the nobles were promoting Cataline as the wife of King Joao. But Cataline had ties to Portugal’s mortal enemy, Castile. Gaunt left the decision up to Joao to choose between Cataline and Philippa. He chose Philippa.

Philippa said goodbye to her family on November 10, 1386. She had to wait until papal dispensation arrived which it did on February 2, 1387. The marriage ceremony took place at Oporto on February 14th. The marriage was to be successful although Joao had two children from another woman called Inês Pires before he met Phillipa, after he married he was faithful to his wife, even after she died, he never re-married or had any other children, he stayed widower for 18 years until he died on August 14th 1433. He left to fight in Castille and Philippa proceeded to organize her court. She had an impact immediately. She was described as discreet, pious and modest, walking with her eyes lowered and her neck covered. She had a profound sense of duty. Many writers admired her behavior, if not her beauty. She was praised for her fair skin, blonde hair and blue eyes.

As far as possible, Philippa and Joao went everywhere together. They put forth the image of a loving and happy family. They agreed to name their first born child a Portuguese name if it were a boy and an English name if it was a girl and then alternate names, irrespective of sex. Their first child, born in 1388 was named Blanche after Philippa’s mother. They are recorded as having a total of eight children of which six survived childhood. These were the “illustrious generation”.

Edward Duarte was born in 1391. He was a writer and intellectual who succeeded his father as King. Peter was born in 1392. He was the first Duke of Coimbra and a well-traveled man who served as Regent during the minority of his nephew Afonso V. Henry the Navigator was born in 1394. He became the first Duke of Viseu and guided Portugal through the great era of The Discoveries. Isabella was born in 1397. She married Philip III, Duke of Burgundy and was one of the most powerful and admired women in Europe. John was born in 1400 and became the Constable of Portugal. The final child, Ferdinand, was born in 1402. He was known as the “Saint Prince” and died as a prisoner of the Moors.

Philippa supervised the education of all her children and Joao taught them riding, hunting, hawking and the art of the tiltyard. Philippa made an effort to be a friend to the common people and no part of the kingdom was too small for her to visit. Joao relied on her to administer his kingdom when he was away. In 1396, John of Gaunt finally married Katherine Swynford and their children were legitimized. In February of 1399, John of Gaunt died and Philippa traveled to England for the funeral. In September of that same year, Philippa’s brother deposed King Richard II and became King Henry IV. In August of 1400, King Joao was elected to the Order of the Garter, probably as a reward for being one of the first to recognize Henry as King of England.

The middle years of Joao’s reign were years of consolidation and growing prosperity for Portugal. In 1409, Philippa and Joao visited England. Peace was concluded with Castile in 1411. Philippa began to encourage her husband to act against the Moors. Joao was inspired to attack the fortified town of Ceuta, across from Gibraltar on the African continent. He discussed it with his sons and they all agreed to the expedition.

Ships were being readied to carry the troops in the hot summer of 1415 when plague broke out in Lisbon and Oporto. Philippa had succumbed to the disease. Joao had Philippa moved to the convent of Odivelas, high in the hills to the north of Lisbon in hopes she might recover. Philippa had three jeweled swords made. Her most cherished wish was for her husband to knight her three elder sons in her presence. She soon realized this wouldn’t happen. She made Joao promise he would knight them and presented the swords to her sons herself. She blessed them all. She called Isabel to her side. Isabel kissed her mother’s hands and received her blessing. The King arrived and sat by her side. On July 18, 1415, Philippa died at the age of 55. She was the first and only English Queen of Portugal.

Because of the extreme heat, the children advised that Philippa be buried immediately and secretly. She was temporarily buried in the convent of Odivelas and a funeral was held the next day. The whole Portuguese nation mourned their Queen. Joao and his sons sailed to Ceuta and easily conquered the town.

#philippa of lancaster #queen of portugal #king john i of portugal

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