#Bourses

[ruemorinpointcom]

Fondation TIMI

La Fondation TIMI soufflera ses 50 bougies ! Continue reading Fondation TIMI

[frdaejeon]

2024 MOPGA 신진연구자 연구지원사업 / Bourses de séjour de recherche pour jeunes chercheurs

MOPGA 2024 신진연구자 연구지원사업공고를 게시합니다. 본 연구지원프로그램은 프랑스에 체류하면서 기후변화 및 환경분야에 관한 연구과제를 수행하고자 하는 외국인 신진연구자들을 40명 규모로 선발하여 지원하는 프로그램입니다. L’appel à candidatures MOPGA 2024 est ouvert. Ce programme de bourses permettra d’accueillir en France au minimum 40 jeunes chercheurs internationaux souhaitant effectuer des recherches sur des thématiques en lien avec les enjeux du changement climatique et environnementaux.

- 지원마감 (Date limite de candidature) : 2024년 1월 9일 le 9 janvier 2024

- 장소 (lieu) : 프랑스 France

프랑스어 : MOPGA 2024 : Bourses de séjour de recherche pour jeunes chercheurs | Campus France

영어 : MOPGA 2024: Visiting Fellowship Program for early career researchers | Campus France

부가 정보 / Plus d’informations /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Campus France https://www.campusfrance.org/en/mopga-2024 mopga@campusfrance.org

[gnatepeweb]

Programmes de Bourses de l’Université de Skövde Suède pour 2024

Programmes de Bourses de l’Université de Skövde Suède pour 2024

Il existe un certain nombre de bourses pour les étudiants qualifiés qui suivront un programme de maîtrise international à l’Université et qui sont tenus de payer des frais de scolarité. 1. Bourses de maîtrise de l’Université de Skövde L’Université de Skövde administre certaines bourses financées par le Conseil suédois pour l’enseignementsupérieur (UHR) aux étudiants tenus de payer des frais de…

[emploitogo]

Appel à candidatures pour le Programme de bourses judiciaires 2023-2024 de la Cour internationale de Justice

Appel à candidatures pour le Programme de bourses judiciaires 2023-2024 de la Cour internationale de Justice

La Cour internationale de justice (CIJ) invite les candidatures des universités éligibles du monde entier pour le programme de bourses judiciaires 2023-2024 (anciennement connu sous le nom de programme de stages universitaires). Le programme a été créé en 1999 pour permettre aux jeunes diplômés en droit d’acquérir une expérience professionnelle en travaillant à la CIJ. Le programme de bourses…

[mainet-france]

10 choses à savoir avant d’investir

Investir en bourse ou en cryptomonnaie n’a jamais été aussi simple et rapide ! Il est loin le temps où vous deviez appeler un courtier qui prenait note de vos demandes de vente ou d’achat d’actions… Même si toutes les mesures sont prises pour que ces investissements soient sécurisés, en quelques clics vous pouvez aisément devenir détenteurs de cryptomonnaie ! Mais avant d’investir, il nous semblait important de rappeler quelques règles simples à nos lecteurs qui débutent et veulent se lancer dans la cryptomonnaie. - Investissez que ce que vous êtes prêt à perdre ! Un investissement reste risqué, n’allez pas investir toutes vos économies. - La cryptomonnaie a son propre langage, des termes bien spécifiques et un univers bien particuliers, qu’il conviendra de comprendre et assimiler avant de vous lancer ! - Documentez-vous bien sur le fonctionnement des brokers, les frais sur les dépôts, les retraits, etc… - Analysez bien les marchés avant de vous lancer ! - Renseignez-vous aussi auprès de votre banque si des frais de change ou des commissions sont appliqués - Ne croyez pas à l’argent facile sans rien faire, il n’y a pas d’investissement miracle ! Il vous faudra passer du temps à comprendre et analyser et c’est comme ça que vous progresserez dans vos investissements ! - Suivez vos investissements régulièrement, les cours évoluent vite, il faut être aussi réactifs de votre côté ! Soyez prêt à y passer du temps - Ne mettez pas d’émotion dans vos investissements et surtout ne pas paniquer à la première baisse ! - Investissez progressivement, par petits versements par exemple pour éviter une perte importante. - Et si vous ne partiez pas seul ? Avec des amis, des associés, ou tout simplement en rejoignant une équipe déjà constituée qui investir en réseau ? Vous l’aurez compris, investir reste simple mais risqué ! Aussi nous vous conseillons de toujours bien réfléchir avant de vous lancer et de toujours mesurer les risques avant de valider vos investissements ! Chez Mainet, nous avons décidé d’investir en équipe dans un partenariat gagnant/gagnant ! Lorsque vous démarrez dans l’équipe, votre parrain vous accompagne de À à Z, vous n’êtes pas seul. On vous explique chaque étape et action qui va vous permettre d’optimiser vos investissements !  Read the full article

[frenchbulletin]

Freedom Finance : ce que vise la plateforme d'investissement cotée au Nasdaq en Grèce

Freedom Finance : ce que vise la plateforme d’investissement cotée au Nasdaq en Grèce

is Freedom Finance n’est peut-être présente sur le marché grec que depuis un an, mais jusqu’à présent, elle a affiché des performances sans aucun doute impressionnantes. La plateforme de services financiers et d’investissement a réussi à gagner, actuellement, la confiance de 23 000 clients actifs en Grèce, alors qu’elle a augmenté ses actifs de 154% à ce jour par rapport à 2021, un pourcentage…

[escapismsworld]

📍The Bourse of Antwerp, Belgium

[retrogeographie]

Bobigny,la bourse du travail.

[mightbeadaredevil]

[cookinguptales]

Okay so now that I've had some time to digest and think about Late Night with the Devil, some thoughts.

Sorry in advance, this got really, REALLY long as I rambled about all-male secret societies, who and what was possessing whom throughout this movie, literal and metaphorical hauntings, how fame and fortune tempt us all to give up our humanity, and uh. Family youtubers.

I really enjoyed the film, but I do have to wonder, to start with, if other people will get all the allusions...? I didn't think about it until later when I was reading confused posts by other viewers, but I guess the film does kind of predicate on a lot of somewhat arcane knowledge. Like you can understand what's going on without it, but I do think you get a lot more enjoyment out of it if you have a good working understanding of, like, the Satanic Panic of the 70s, the parapsychology/esper craze, James Randi's whole thing, Anton LaVey, Waco, late night hosts like Johnny Carson, and of course the Bohemian Grove.

The Bohemian Grove is kind of... like, obviously a lot of the people making up conspiracy theories about that recently are alt-right assholes (see: Alex Jones), but it is very much a real thing. It's kind of a modern Masonic situation, imo, where you get these big groups of rich, influential men together and they do silly, juvenile vaguely pagan frat boy shit. It's edgelord stuff. But because they are secretive and they are powerful, people come up with all of these conspiracy theories about them.

(I mean lbr that's kind of the history of the occult in general, isn't it? lmao. People ask me if I was afraid when I was studying secret societies and occultism and it's like -- no, these were by and large just rich assholes fighting over headcanons about rituals that they made up based off of deeply faulty scholarship. But I digress.)

The fact of the matter, though, is even if the actual rituals and stuff are kind of silly, the main focus is really rich, powerful men meeting up with other rich, powerful men and networking like crazy. It does keep the rich rich, the powerful powerful, and political resources focused on men. Like the Masons, women aren't allowed in the Bohemian Grove -- and women in politics have bitterly criticized the way that they're being excluded from this kind of networking.

(God, it's so fratty. It's so fucking fratty.)

So in that respect, it is kind of something to be feared.

And... I do think you see that aspect of it reflected in Late Night with the Devil. The consolidation of power, the networking with shitty people, and the way that women are "sacrificed."

[massive spoilers for the entire film to follow!]

I do think I want to see this movie again to firm up some of my ideas, because I suspect that there are a lot of details that I missed the first time I watched this. (And I really should have watched the open captioned version of this; I couldn't understand a lot of what the demon was saying, rip.) But here are some initial thoughts.

The heart of this, obviously, is the demonic presence at the Grove and the way that men go there to sell their soul for power. In a very literal sense, that's what's happening in this film and it's what happened to Jack Delroy. He made a deal with a demon for fame, and that demon ended up taking everything from him to achieve that.

But... metaphorically speaking, it seems clear that Jack Delroy was very willing to make human sacrifices in his day-to-day life. He may have literally (and I think accidentally) sacrificed his wife's life to a demon at the Grove, but he very consciously and willingly sacrificed her for fame when she was alive, too. I mean... imagine having a spouse who is actively dying of cancer and making her make an appearance on your show two weeks before she passes. For ratings. Imagine how much it must have physically taxed her. Imagine how difficult it must have been for them both emotionally. It even could have hastened her death. But he was still willing to do all that for views. He sacrificed his wife, his home life, and his overall privacy for views.

(Family youtubers, anyone? 🙃)

He's also willing to sacrifice his girlfriend, his crew, his audience, and a little girl for ratings. Gus, his voice of reason. He was willing to humiliate him onstage and wouldn't let him go home when he was scared. His audience, whose trauma he was entirely willing to capitalize on through Christou's act. His gf, who I'd argue was probably using Lilly as well, was totally thrown to the wolves when he realized it'd make good television.

Like -- yes, there were supernatural forces at play. Supernatural forces claimed these lives. But Jack sure as shit wasn't being very careful with them, and these supernatural sacrifices always, always mirrored his mundane ones.

(I mean... he performed a human sacrifice of a little girl on national television while in a hallucination about using the sacrificial dagger on his dying wife. It wasn't subtle. lmao)

Moreover, the producers of the show were also very willing to put people in harm's way and capitalize on tragedy for ratings. So... there's a really unsubtle message here about fame and capitalism and the way it tempts you to sacrifice your humanity to get ahead.

(MAYBE LIKE UNDERMINING YOUR ARTISTIC INTEGRITY BY USING AI INSTEAD OF HIRING ARTISTS, IDK)

I'd in fact argue that pretty much everyone who got on that stage that night sacrificed their humanity a bit for fame, with the possible exception of Gus. Gus was the voice of reason, but I mean... he was still there. Maybe a message about how once you get in, you can't get out. :(

But yeah, Jack's obvious, but also Christou, who was willing to use people's trauma for fame. June, who was willing to use a little girl's incredible trauma to advertise for her new book. Carmichael, who got off on humiliating people just to make himself seem smart.

Like... they all started with a kernel of something good (wanting to help the grieving, wanting to help traumatized children, wanting to stop charlatans) but in the end, show biz turned all those urges into the most amoral, selfish, and cruel versions of themselves.

And all of those people crumbled when they were confronted with something real.

(Side note, our theater was in hysterics when Carmichael tried to offer the demon the check. lmao)

Truthfully, it felt like all of them had made their own individual deals with the devil years ago. Halloween 1977 was just the devil finally coming to take his due.

That's the main message of the movie, I think, but there are still some smaller details I want to talk about.

The Grove itself was an obvious allusion to the Bohemian Grove, which is a secret society of powerful men who meet amongst the redwoods in Northern California. Their mascot has always been an owl, which is why you repeatedly see the owl motif throughout the movie. (Happy Owl-ween, the owl mask, etc.)

Abrasax makes sense as a demon to choose (the strong historical associations with magic and demonology, the reoccurrences in many world religions (and occult groups), the role in Gnosticism, etc.) but there seem to be vibes of Stolas, an owl deity who communicates arcane knowledge to humans in exchange for their souls, as well. I noticed a lot of little allusions to Abrasax throughout the film even before Lilly started manifesting, like the movie being shown after the show being about Abrasax.

Lilly... She was rescued from a cult that seems to be a hybrid of Anton LaVey's Church of Satan and the Branch Davidians who died during a siege by the US government in Waco, TX. (Like the cultists in the movie, their compound caught fire when they were being raided. IRL, it's unclear whether the fire was started as a suicide cult situation or if it was started by the actions of the government as they tried to flush people out.) In this cult, girls were sacrificed at age 13, and all who witnessed that sacrifice would fall under the control of Abrasax.

So... she was rescued at age 10. Three years have passed. So she is now 13, the age at which these girls were sacrificed. She was due, in other words. Who and what was possessing her... that's the question, I guess. Demons, historically speaking, were known to speak foreign languages, speak in the voice of other humans, have psychic knowledge their hosts shouldn't know, etc. So she did exhibit symptoms like that.

I think... there are a couple of options here. There's Abrasax specifically, there's June's theory that she was possessed by a minor demon, and there's Minnie. Or a combination of the three.

It's pretty clear that Minnie's presence is felt throughout the whole taping. You can see her reflection various times throughout the movie, she manifested through Christou, and obviously you see her in the tape playback.

(And when I say my theater YELLED. lmao)

The question is, though... Is it really Minnie? And if it is, what does she want? Has she been haunting Jack all along? Is she there because, as it's the first Halloween after her death, it's her last chance to deal with her unfinished business? Did the demon allow her to manifest? Or was the whole thing an illusion created by the demon all along?

(I'd like to note here that, historically speaking, there was a theory that ghosts aren't actually real. They're actually demons masquerading as the spirits of departed loved ones, and they want you to summon them and listen to them so they can tempt you away from God. You can read this in the writings of a lot of the ancient Christian theologians. Or you could have talked to my grandmother, who also told me this when I was a kid! :') But she's dead now so I guess you'd have to do a summoning and find out for yourself.)

All that said... I come down between two current theories. I'd have to watch it again to firm up my ideas.

The first theory is that she's been trapped on earth for the past year, but because it's Halloween, she can haunt them. They mention at the beginning of the film that Halloween is a recent spirit's last chance to take care of unfinished business. So this could have been the case with Minnie. That said... what exactly was her unfinished business? Was she trying to protect Jack and the others? Or hurt them? Was she angry, or was she just, as Christou said, sad? Was her "an unmarried man wearing a wedding ring" referring to the way that Jack was grieving her and still wearing his ring, or the way that he wasn't much of a husband to her when she was alive?

The second theory is that, when she was sacrificed to Abrasax, she became a part of that legion. She was, like Lilly and the other little girls, essentially raised to be sacrificed, and once she was, she joined everyone else who is under the control of the deity. It's still hard to sense whether she was trying to help or hurt throughout the broadcast, but it explains her presence (she came with Lilly, not Jack) and how she was used during Jack's hallucinations to ultimately get him to perform the sacrifice on Lilly, thus bringing all audience members (both in the studio and at home) under Abrasax's control.

Either way, Minnie, in this film, is literal ghost haunting the stage -- but also a metaphorical one. The ghost of all of Jack's past misdeeds and the humanity he's sacrificed to get ahead. She's guilt and she's shame and she's desperate grief, and I guess it's no wonder that the negativity surrounding her was enough to kill Christou when he touched it.

I do think it's fascinating that all of the women in this movie are, in a very real and physical sense, sacrificed for the aspirations of men. (The little girls are sacrificed, Minnie died of a mysterious cancer, June dies because Jack pushed for her to stay, etc.) But metaphorically speaking that seems to be the case as well. They're constantly expected to put their own comfort and safety aside for the men in their lives, and their own aspirations are consumed by the men's.

Like I said, it feels very telling that women aren't allowed at the Grove. Women are constantly being denied power in this movie (or are only allowed power when it's in service to a male costar/deity) and it's largely because they just don't have the connections that the men do. The deals were made while they weren't in the room, essentially.

I'm not sure if that was a conscious choice being made, but it does seem to dovetail nicely with the strong, strong sexism and male privilege present in real-life secret societies of powerful men that disallow women. Like June only getting to shill for her book because Jack let her, women are only allowed at the real-life Bohemian Grove in very limited areas -- and only as a male member's guest.

Um... back to Lilly, though. What the hell is possessing her? She speaks as Minnie a few times, but that could be because Minnie is a part of their legion or just because she's trying to freak out Jack. Demons are known to lie using the voices of loved ones. Minnie's presence could have been influencing her, but I definitely don't think that's all that was in there.

The question, really, seems to arise from what June said about Lilly changing like a week ago and how she started talking about Jack nonstop. At least one presence in Lilly seems to be the same deity that Jack spoke to in the Grove when he was making his deal with the devil (so to speak) because it mentioned that encounter. But is that the only one in there? Is it the same deity that's always been in there? Or did it come to her only a week ago as a way to get to Jack and complete their contract? ("It is done.")

Lilly refers to her demon as Mr. Wriggles (which feels like an Exorcist allusion) and it seems like she has a pretty good lid on it. And when that demon is brought out of her by June, it seems confused and frightened. But Lilly is pretty clearly possessed the entire rest of the broadcast, so really the two options are that she was faking the entire time just to fuck with them (entirely possible) or there were two different deities, perhaps the original (lesser) one put in her in the cult and Abrasax(?) newly arrived to claim Jack and his audience.

It's fascinating watching her, because you can see her slip in and out of a possessed state several times when people aren't paying attention to her (jerking, spacing out, etc.) but it's hard to tell whether that's different presences coming in and out of control, her "talking" to what's inside her, etc. Again, this is a thing I think would benefit from multiple viewings. I'm really not sure if the Grove creature is new to her body or if it's been there all along biding its time, and it's only changing its behavior now because it wanted to be on tv.

While her recently changed behavior seems to lean towards the former, I am sort of stuck on the detail that Jack said early on, that he read June's book and couldn't stop thinking about it. That could just be normal fascination (and he did end up having an affair with her) but it could also be demonic intervention. That would indicate that the demon was manipulating him into putting Lilly on TV long before a week ago.

What is not really up for debate is that the presence inside Lilly now is one that has connections to Jack through the Grove and promised him fame. Lilly (before she was visibly possessed) alludes to this promise by telling Jack that he'll be very famous after tonight. And once the ritual starts, she is seen taking electrical energy from the set and cameras. She is literally getting her power from the audience viewing the sacrifice. (It's very Ringu.) And after Jack stabs Lilly, the studio audience, audience at home, and presumably real-life audience watching this movie, are all put under Abrasax's control.

("Hail Abrasax" is seen multiple times throughout the film, which might also imply that the documentarians themselves are trying to spread this contagion after watching the video.)

Uh... a few more small things.

Carmichael Haig is obviously James Randi. Like Houdini before him, Randi was also a stage magician who dedicated his life to exposing "supernatural" charlatans. He did indeed offer a huge sum of money to whoever could prove him wrong. Carmichael even looked like James Randi. (Though I'd point out that "Haig" is the name of the man who constructed the owl statue at the real-life Bohemian Grove!) I suppose it makes sense that he'd be such an asshole in a world where demonic possession does actually exist.

The one thing I'd say is... it's hard to say whether this was a case of the filmmakers not thinking through implications or if this really was a nasty joke, but Randi was, IRL, gay. He came out late in life and got married to a man shortly before he died. So the implication that Carmichael, in the movie, wanted to join the Grove largely because he was perverted is... iffy. Carmichael was never stated to be gay in the movie (that I noticed) and it's hard to suss out whether the orgies he was talking about were relating to the all-male membership of the Grove (i.e. a gay orgy) or the women that these powerful men had hanging all over them (i.e. a... less gay orgy) and I do think which they were implying has major implications for what they were saying about a man who was, IRL, gay.

Like... if the implication was that he must've been willing to hurt people in order to have wild sex because he's gay, that's uh! Not great! But if the creators didn't realize that aspect of Randi's life (it was less publicized because, as I mentioned, it happened later in his life) then they might have just been pushing on that trope of powerful men using women.

Really, really hard to say.

Next, Christou. Christou... it's hard to say whether the man was psychic at all. It's clear that he was doing a lot of fake-ass cold reading beforehand (though I do want to go back through it and see if there really was any allusion to a Peter- character involving the skeleton) and was using interviews to find grieving audience members. (Two practices that James Randi talked about a lot IRL.) But he also did have a very real experience when he sensed Minnie and, while overwhelmed, didn't seem particularly shocked by it.

If I had to guess, I think that Christou does have some psychic powers (which is why I want to investigate the Peter thing) but can't control them well and is easily overwhelmed by real phenomena. He plays things up for the cameras (I noticed his accent slipped when he had his real experience, lmao) but I wouldn't be surprised if, like everyone else on stage, there's a kernel of something real in him.

Finally... that fucking skeleton! I want to do an entire watch through just to examine that guy. He was in the flashbacks about the Grove, so I think it's likely that he might've been a member of that. He also is the only one who refuses to take off his mask, which seems to relate to the dialogue at the beginning of the film about wearing a mask to protect yourself from spirits during Halloween. I think he's definitely in on what's going on, to some extent, but it's hard to figure out exactly in what capacity. Was it a Grove member, or maybe a cult member? A follower of Abraxas? Was it actually the personification of Death?

Hard! To! Say!

Like I said, I really do want to rewatch this movie to pay more attention to small details I might've missed in the theater. I'm also looking forward to seeing it with subtitles. It wasn't a perfect movie, but it was intriguing and original enough that I really enjoyed it and want to watch it again to puzzle through it. Really, the one big mark against it was the brief use of AI, which is just -- god, it's infuriating.

It's such a small part, so it would have been so easy to not do. (Apparently it wasn't even IN the first festival showing.) But it kind of pollutes the whole movie, especially when such a large message is not fucking over real people in the quest for success in the media landscape.

Plus, it just kind of looked like shit.

I know it's probably a lost cause, but I would be thrilled if they hired a real artist and redid those images for the Shudder release. It would be so easy to fix, and it would make the movie a lot better. Those commercial breaks were so funny and if they had better interstitials (that didn't make you feel icky just looking at them) then it would boost an already great film.

I just. I don't even know why they did it in the first place. I'm guessing, based on the fact that they weren't in the original screenings, that they were pressed for time to finish things...? But come on, surely you can find some artist who can do something quick for you. It wasn't even a moving image.

So uh... yeah, I guess that's where I'm at. It was an interesting (if slightly hokey) movie pulling together a lot of threads to make something cool and mysterious, I liked a lot of the acting (particularly Jack Delroy's) and set design, I wanna chat with people about it -- but I can't really in good conscience fully recommend it because of the AI thing. It's just such a disgrace to artistic integrity. Here's hoping they hire a real fucking artist.

[ruemorinpointcom]

Fondation TIMI

L’appel à candidatures pour les bourses TIMI Automne 2023 est lancé ! Continue reading Untitled

[frdaejeon]

누메아를 향하여 장학프로그램 / Séjour linguistique à Nouméa

주한프랑스대사관 문화과가 주관하는 “ 누메아를 향하여 : 프랑스어 연수 티켓 획득 경연대회” 에 참가해 보세요. 장학생으로 선발된 이들에게는 뉴칼레도니아에서 단기 어학 연수를 할 수 있는 혜택이 주어집니다! Grâce au concours “CAP SUR NOUMÉA : votre billet pour la langue française”, organisé par le Service Culturel de France en République de Corée, tentez de gagner un court séjour d’immersion linguistique en Nouvelle Calédonie ! 

주한 프랑스 대사관 문화과는 올해 또다시 뉴칼레도니아의 누메아에서 단기 어학 몰입 연수를 할 수 있는 장학혜택을 제공합니다.  프랑스 본토와는 다른 프랑스 해외 영토를 발견할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 프랑스어를 향상시킬 수 있는 꿈의 기회입니다. Le Service Culturel de l’Ambassade de France en République de Corée renouvelle, cette année, ses bourses de courts séjours pour une immersion linguistique à Nouméa, en Nouvelle Calédonie : une occasion rêvée pour découvrir un territoire français différent de la France métropolitaine mais aussi pour améliorer votre français.

더구나  올해는 13명이 아니라 20명의 한국인 장학생이 누메아로 향할 수 있는 기회를 갖게 될 것입니다! 네 가지 조건이 충족되어야 합니다. D’ailleurs, cette année, ce ne sont pas 13 mais 20 coréens qui auront l’opportunité de s’envoler pour Nouméa !  4 conditions seulement sont à remplir :

- 한국 국적자여야 합니다. Vous êtes de nationalité coréenne, - 한국 거주자여야 합니다. Vous vivez en Corée, - 만 19세 이상이어야 합니다. Vous avez 19 ans cette année, - 최소 프랑스어 레벨  A2 이상 (자격증 소지자)이어야 합니다. Vous avez un niveau A2 minimum en français.

2022년 누메아로 떠난 예전 학생의 영상 (대전외국어고등학교) : Voici la vidéo d'une de nos anciennes élèves (lycée des langues étrangères de Daejeon) qui est partie à Nouméa en 2022 :

이 기회를 놓치지 마시고 행운을 잡아  12월에 누메아로 어학 연수를 떠나세요! Alors, tentez votre chance et partez pour un séjour d’immersion linguistique à Nouméa en décembre !

- 누메아의 단기 체류 어학 연수 장학혜택은 다음과 같습니다: La bourse de courts séjours pour Nouméa comprend :  - 서울-누메아 왕복 항공편; Un vol aller-retour Séoul – Nouméa, - 홈스테이  숙박 제공; Un hébergement en famille d’accueil, - CREIPAC의 프랑스어 강좌. Des cours de français au CREIPAC, - 아뜰리에와 문화 탐방 (카낙 문화 아뜰리에, 라곤 수족관 가이드 투어). Des ateliers et visites culturelles (atelier sur la culture Kanak, visite guidée de l’Aquarium des Lagons…) - 체류 기간 식사 Les repas au cours du séjour.

주의 : 응모하기 전에 대회 규칙을 온전히 숙지하시기 바랍니다! IMPORTANT : Avant de candidater, merci de bien lire le règlement complet du concours

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- Institut français de Corée

[empirearchives]

The Dome of the Halle au Blé — Ironwork in Paris in the 19th Century

The Halle au Blé under demolition in 1887

The Halle au Blé was transformed into the Bourse de Commerce — Pinault Collection. Though most of the original building was changed, the iron dome designed in 1807 was kept in tact.

The iron dome of the Halle au Blé (which housed the grain exchange of Paris during the 18th and 19th century), was the largest iron structure in the world at the time of its construction between 1807 and 1813.

The original dome of the Halle au Blé was made of wood and burned down in a fire in 1802.

The replacement dome, upgraded to cast iron, was designed by François Bélanger. The design was sent to a committee headed by Becquay-Beaupré, and was approved by Napoleon in 1807.

Bélanger's elegant and audacious design was submitted to Crétet, who consulted with Napoleon. The emperor approved the project in a decree of September 4, 1807. Napoleon was interested enough in the project to visit the site during construction, and he personally dedicated the dome. Actual construction began in 1809 with cast iron produced at Le Creusot, but the dome was not ultimately completed until 1813, having cost 700,000 francs, seven times more than the original estimate.

Bélanger’s iron dome is important because it was the largest iron structure of its day, and it was several decades before another of such magnitude was constructed. The elegant and slender ribs of the dome seen from 40 meters below create an illusion of lightness far surpassing that which is possible with other traditional framing materials.

The novelty of the use of iron and the thinner dimensions made the Halle au Blé a notable attraction in Napoleon’s day and throughout the 19th century. Pierre Fontaine, whom Napoleon had named First Architect and who had argued with the emperor regarding the Vendôme Column, the Temple of Glory, the Pantheon, the Pont des Arts, the Pont des Invalides, and the Pont d'lena, found the dome to be much more satisfying in its use of iron than these other structures.

“This work,” he wrote, “is one of the most remarkable which has been erected under the present regime.” In fact, many of the Parisian guidebooks of the last century give ample treatment to its description, since the dome was considered to be one of the significant landmarks of the capital.

Conversion to the Bourse de Commerce:

The engineer Cosmo Canovetti was charged in 1887 with the reconstruction of the Halle au Blé and its conversion into the Bourse de Commerce. In order to determine whether to retain or reconstruct the dome, Canovetti examined it for any deterioration. He calculated the bending moments by means of funicular polygons, a process unknown to Bélanger, in order to determine whether the additional weight of a roof covering over part of the dome would create any structural problems. Canovetti found the structure adequate, and he observed that Bélanger had understood well the appropriate ratio of diminution to give the ribs from their spring points on the masonry wall to their apex at the compression ring which forms the lantern base.

Source:

Building with Iron: A Napoleonic Controversy, Frances H. Steiner, Technology and Culture, Volume 22, Number 4, October 1981, pp. 700-724 (Article), Published by Johns Hopkins University Press

[emploitogo]

Liste des boursiers sélectionnés par le gouvernement togolais pour l’année 2022-2023

Liste des boursiers sélectionnés par le gouvernement togolais pour l’année 2022-2023

Liste des boursiers sélectionnés par le gouvernement togolais pour l’année 2022-2023.  

[mainet-france]

10 choses à savoir avant d’investir

Investir en bourse ou en cryptomonnaie n’a jamais été aussi simple et rapide ! Il est loin le temps où vous deviez appeler un courtier qui prenait note de vos demandes de vente ou d’achat d’actions… Même si toutes les mesures sont prises pour que ces investissements soient sécurisés, en quelques clics vous pouvez aisément devenir détenteurs de cryptomonnaie ! Mais avant d’investir, il nous semblait important de rappeler quelques règles simples à nos lecteurs qui débutent et veulent se lancer dans la cryptomonnaie. - Investissez que ce que vous êtes prêt à perdre ! Un investissement reste risqué, n’allez pas investir toutes vos économies. - La cryptomonnaie a son propre langage, des termes bien spécifiques et un univers bien particuliers, qu’il conviendra de comprendre et assimiler avant de vous lancer ! - Documentez-vous bien sur le fonctionnement des brokers, les frais sur les dépôts, les retraits, etc… - Analysez bien les marchés avant de vous lancer ! - Renseignez-vous aussi auprès de votre banque si des frais de change ou des commissions sont appliqués - Ne croyez pas à l’argent facile sans rien faire, il n’y a pas d’investissement miracle ! Il vous faudra passer du temps à comprendre et analyser et c’est comme ça que vous progresserez dans vos investissements ! - Suivez vos investissements régulièrement, les cours évoluent vite, il faut être aussi réactifs de votre côté ! Soyez prêt à y passer du temps - Ne mettez pas d’émotion dans vos investissements et surtout ne pas paniquer à la première baisse ! - Investissez progressivement, par petits versements par exemple pour éviter une perte importante. - Et si vous ne partiez pas seul ? Avec des amis, des associés, ou tout simplement en rejoignant une équipe déjà constituée qui investir en réseau ? Vous l’aurez compris, investir reste simple mais risqué ! Aussi nous vous conseillons de toujours bien réfléchir avant de vous lancer et de toujours mesurer les risques avant de valider vos investissements ! Chez Mainet, nous avons décidé d’investir en équipe dans un partenariat gagnant/gagnant ! Lorsque vous démarrez dans l’équipe, votre parrain vous accompagne de À à Z, vous n’êtes pas seul. On vous explique chaque étape et action qui va vous permettre d’optimiser vos investissements !  Read the full article

[garadinervi]

From: Edith Dekyndt: ‘L'origine des choses’, Bourse de commerce – Pinault Collection, Paris, February 8, 2023 – February 19, 2024 [© Edith Dekyndt]