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swampgallows · 11 months

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Now we know how COVID attacks your heart

Even patients with mild COVID symptoms could face a higher risk of developing heart disease and stroke

By Sanjay Mishra Nov 07, 2023 04:08 PM 5 min. read

Scientists have noticed that COVID-19 can trigger serious cardiovascular problems, especially among older people who have a buildup of fatty material in their blood vessels. But now a new study has revealed why and shown that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, directly infects the arteries of the heart.

The study also found that the virus can survive and grow inside the cells that form plaque—the buildup of fat-filled cells that narrow and stiffen the arteries leading to atherosclerosis. If the plaque breaks, it can block blood flow and cause a heart attack or a stroke. The SARS-CoV-2 infection makes the situation worse by inflaming the plaque and increasing the chance that it breaks free.

This can explain long-term cardiovascular effects seen in some, if not all, COVID-19 patients.

SARS-CoV-2 virus has already been found to infect many organs outside the respiratory system. But until now it hadn't been shown to attack the arteries.

"No one was really looking if there was a direct effect of the virus on the arterial wall," says Chiara Giannarelli, a cardiologist at NYU Langone Health, in New York, who led the study. Giannarelli noted that her team detected viral RNA—the genetic material in the virus—in the coronary arteries. “You would not expect to see [this] several months after recovering from COVID.”

Mounting evidence now shows that SARS-CoV-2 is not only a respiratory virus, but it can also affect the heart and many other organ systems, says Ziyad Al-Aly, a clinical epidemiologist at Washington University in St. Louis. Al-Aly's research has shown that the risk of developing heart and cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, stroke, irregular heart rhythms, cardiac arrest, and blood clots increases two to five times within a year of COVID-19, even when the person wasn't hospitalized.

"This important study links, for the first time, directly the SARS-CoV-2 virus with atherosclerotic plaque inflammation," says Charalambos Antoniades, chair of cardiovascular medicine at the University of Oxford, United Kingdom.

Virus triggers the inflammation in plaque

A recent study of more than 800,000 people led by Fabio Angeli, a cardiologist at University of Insubria in Varese, Italy, has shown that COVID-19 patients develop high blood pressure twice as often as others. More worrying is that the risk of cardiac diseases can also rise for patients who suffered only mild COVID symptoms.

"I saw a patient who now has a defibrillator, and she didn't even have a severe [COVID] illness," says Bernard Gersh, a cardiologist at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

Wondering whether the cardiovascular damage during COVID was due to the virus directly attacking the blood vessels, the NYU team analyzed autopsied tissue from the coronary arteries and plaque of older people who had died from COVID-19. They found the virus was present in the arteries regardless of whether the fatty plaques were big or small.

"The original finding in this study is that the virus was convincingly found in the plaque in the coronary artery," says Juan Carlos Kaski, a cardiovascular specialist at St George's, University of London, who was not involved in the study.

The NYU team found that in the arteries, the virus predominantly colonized the white blood cells called macrophages. Macrophages are immune cells that are mobilized to fight off an infection, but these same cells also absorb excess fats—including cholesterol from blood. When microphages load too much fat, they change into foam cells, which can increase plaque formation.

To confirm that the virus was indeed infecting and growing in the cells of the blood vessels, scientists obtained arterial and plaque cells—including macrophages and foam cells—from healthy volunteers. Then they grew these cells in the lab in petri dishes and infected them with SARS-CoV-2.

Giannarelli found that although virus infected macrophages at a higher rate than other arterial cells, it did not replicate in them to form new infectious particles. But when the macrophages had become loaded with cholesterol and transformed into foam cells, the virus could grow, replicate, and survive longer.

"We found that the virus tended to persist longer in foam cells," says Giannarelli. That suggests that foam cells might act as a reservoir of SARS-CoV-2. Since more fatty buildup would mean a greater number of foam cells, plaque can increase the persistence of the virus or the severity of COVID-19.

Scientists found that when macrophages and foam cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2 they released a surge of small proteins known as cytokines, which signal the immune system to mount a response against a bacterial or viral infection. In arteries, however, cytokines boost inflammation and formation of even more plaque.

"We saw that there was a degree of inflammation [caused] by the virus that could aggravate atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events," says Giannarelli.

These findings also confirm previous reports that measuring inflammation in the blood vessel wall can diagnose the extent of long-term cardiovascular complications after COVID-19, says Antoniades.

"What this study has found is that plaque rupture can be accelerated and magnified by the presence of the virus," says Kaski.

Understanding heart diseases after COVID

While this new research clearly shows that SARS-CoV-2 can infect, grow, and persist in the macrophages of plaques and arterial cells, more studies are needed to fully understand the many ways COVID-19 can alter cardiac health.

"The NYU study identifies one potential mechanism, especially the viral reservoir, to explain the possible effects" says Gersh. "But It's not going to be the only mechanism."

This study only analyzed 27 samples from eight elderly deceased patients, all of whom already had coronary artery disease and were infected with the original strains of virus. So, the results of this study do not necessarily apply to younger people without coronary artery disease; or to new variants of the virus, which cause somewhat milder disease, says Angeli.

"We do not know if this will happen in people who have been vaccinated," says Kaski. "There are lots of unknowns."

It is also not clear whether and to what extent the high inflammatory reaction observed in the arteries of patients within six months after the infection, as shown in the new study, will last long-enough to trigger new plaque formation. "New studies are needed to show the time-course of the resolution of vascular inflammation after the infection," says Antoniades.

COVID patients should watch for any new incidence of shortness of breath with exertion, chest discomfort, usually with exertion, palpitations, loss of consciousness; and talk to their physician about possible heart disease.

#covid #covid 19 #long covid #national geographic #sars cov 2

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crosstheveil · 1 year

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Health: Adrenal Glands

TCM: Jing, Kidneys

GNM: Off Track (cortex), Unbearable Stress (medulla)

Greek: Sanguine (cortex), Choleric (medulla)

Chakra: Root

Astrology: Mars, Aries-Libra; ex. managing adrenal health can be especially important for natal placements like Mars in Libra/7th, Mars in Pisces/12th, South Node conjunct Mars, etc.

The adrenal glands, which sit atop the kidneys, play a central role in the body's response to stress, fatigue, immune challenges, and several key physiological and metabolic functions. Issues related to the adrenal glands is very common yet highly under-diagnosed. They consist of two regions:

Adrenal Cortex: Derived from the mesodermal base substance cholesterol, the adrenal cortex produces hormones such as cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, and male sex hormones. These hormones play vital roles in physiological functions. Cortisol and corticosterone, known as stress hormones, contribute to the regulation of metabolism, inflammation, and blood sugar, and assist in long-term stress response by enriching the blood with minerals and glucose. Their anabolic effects also aid in healing and regeneration. Aldosterone helps maintain blood pressure by regulating the balance of salt and water in the body. The adrenal cortex's production of male sex hormones can influence the reproductive system. If unresolved, chronic stress may lead to excessive cortisol production, causing problems like weight gain and high blood sugar.

Adrenal Medulla: The endodermal adrenal medulla manages emotional and physical stress by producing the hormones noradrenaline, dopamine, and adrenaline. These hormones are pivotal in activating the "fight, fright, flight" response, a physiological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived harmful event or threat. This acute stress response increases heart rate, blood sugar, and mental alertness, along with other physiological changes. Chronic anger or emotional upheaval can strain the adrenal medulla, leading to an energetic drain.

Stress

The adrenal glands are highly sensitive to stress, and chronic stress can lead to various disorders:

Psychiatric Disorders: Neuroses, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder.

Neurological Disorders: Migraines, peripheral neuropathy, dizziness, tremors.

Glandular Disorders: Issues related to other glands including the thyroid which is responsible for cell growth; for instance, uterine cancer, polyps, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism.

Cardiovascular Disorders: Coronary artery disease, stroke, heart attack, hypertension, arrhythmias.

Respiratory Disorders: Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), difficulty in breathing.

Immunological Disorders: Possible tumor promotion, reduced resistance to infection, autoimmune disorders, chronic inflammation.

Metabolic Disorders: Diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, difficulty in regulating blood sugar.

Gastrointestinal Disorders: Ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), chronic indigestion, malabsorption.

Genitourinary Disorders: Impotence, incontinence, menstrual problems, urinary tract infections, kidney dysfunction.

Musculoskeletal Disorders: Muscle weakness, chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia, joint pain.

Skin Disorders: Acne, eczema, psoriasis, skin thinning.

Cysts and Cancer

Adrenal Weakness: If the adrenal glands don't produce enough adrenaline, the heart may pump slower, leading to fluid accumulation and cysts in the prostate, ovaries, and breasts. These cysts can harden and potentially lead to cancer.

Blood Flow: Increasing blood flow can help resolve cysts if addressed quickly.

Signs of Imbalance

Frequent sickness, fatigue, low libido, low backache, chronic health issues, dark circles under the eyes, hair loss, early greying, frequent urination at night, cold hands and feet, brain fog, pain and weakness in the lower back, loins, thighs, knees and lower body, urinary weakness and debility, polyuria and nocturia, impotence and male sexual dysfunction, moodiness and irritability, depression, muscle or bone loss, autoimmune conditions, chronic fatigue, hormone imbalance, body aches, unexplained weight loss, lightheadedness, skin discoloration (hyperpigmentation), weakened stress response, insulin resistance, sleep problems, weight gain, sweet and salty food cravings, difficulty getting up in the morning, increased PMS or menopausal symptoms, inability to handle stress, increased allergies, frequent sighing, cravings for salty foods, higher energy levels in the evenings, overuse of stimulants like caffeine.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)

Jing (essence): The statement by the Chinese that the kidneys harbor our Jing refers to the adrenals having the highest concentration of neural crest cell derivatives in the entire body. Strong Jing corresponds to robust characteristics like strong teeth, which are made by neural crest cells, while weak Jing relates to signs of aging like grey hair and deafness, also linked to neural crest cells. Jing's manifestations include the progression from youth to adulthood, reflected in functions controlled by the pituitary (aided by neural crest cells), and can be seen in the structure of the face and jaw. Neural crest cells also create the heart's connective tissue, affecting lifespan. Jing as a concept is not the same as neural crest cells but they represent the body's inherent organizational strength. Weak organizational energy leads to neural crest cells that don't form properly or function well, resulting in genetic disorders affecting facial development. The Chinese recognized these markers as indicators of weak Jing.

Kidneys & Urinary Tract: The adrenal glands are connected to the kidneys not just through the renal fascia, but also by way of the renal artery, draining into the renal vein, and receiving nerve connections from the renal plexus. The kidneys regulates the body's water content and are essential for maintaining healthy bones, as well as producing healthy bone marrow and blood. It determines the level of adrenaline and dopamine in the body, affecting our energy and rest. In addition, it forms a relationship with the heart through various hormones. During puberty, the adrenal cortex starts to produce sex hormones like testosterone and oestrogen, and this production continues throughout adulthood. Caffeine depletes kidney qi, yang, yin, and essence, contributing to liver and adrenal issues, and long-term exhaustion. Regular coffee drinkers, especially those who don’t feel its effects, may be nearing adrenal exhaustion. Adrenal fatigue is often considered a kidney yang deficiency. If left untreated, it can progress to a kidney yin deficiency. These deficiencies are often marked by a light low groaning tone to the voice, a darkish pallor under the eyes, negative attitudes of insufficiency or inadequacy, needing to sit and not being able to stand for long, and worrying about money. Additionally, those who experience traumatic shock or long term stress often have their hair turn gray or fall out.

Kidney Yang (medulla): Linked to the reactive sympathetic nervous system and the hormones adrenaline, dopamine, and norepinephrine, produced in the adrenals. A deficiency in kidney yang can lead to symptoms like cold hands and feet, edema, night urination, and low libido. This deficiency parallels disorders like adrenal fatigue, hypothyroidism, and sexual dysfunction. This condition is worsened by the use of marijuana, diminishing our natural drive, motivation, and willpower. Adrenaline is used to treat conditions like asthma, anaphylaxis, and slow heart rates. It works on the cell membrane's outside, which is known as the yang aspect of the cell. It never enters the cell but attaches to a receptor on the outside, initiating a cascade of chemicals that open or close gates on the cell's exterior. In the heart and muscles, adrenaline prompts more calcium to enter, which amplifies the force of contraction; in the lungs, it leads to the relaxation of the muscles, permitting more air to flow in; in the brain, it initiates the emotional reactions connected with fear.

Kidney Yin (cortex): Associated with the parasympathetic nervous system and the hormone cortisol, produced in the adrenals. A kidney yin deficiency may manifest as sore back, leg weakness, insomnia, and anxiety. It may parallel disorders like diabetes, high blood pressure, and hyperthyroidism. Although necessary for daily function and stress response, excessive cortisol can lead to fluid retention, osteoporosis, muscle wasting, depression, and diabetes. If our bodies stopped producing cortisol, it would result in significant illness. While adrenaline binds to the exterior of the cell (yang), cortisol is absorbed into the very core (yin). Contrary to the effects of adrenaline which are more immediate, the effects of cortisol can take years.

Greek Medicine

Hot Temperament: The adrenals are generally represented as stimulating and energizing various functions to adapt to stress.

Adrenal Cortex: Sanguine, nutritive, and anabolic, enriching the blood and decreasing swelling.

Adrenal Medulla: Choleric, energetic, and catabolic, stimulating acute stress response.

Faculty Support: Adrenal glands produce supplementary amounts of sexual hormones, bridging a connection between vital and generative faculties; supporting heart and lungs (vital), kidneys and pancreas in blood sugar regulation (natural), enhancing mental alertness and stimulating the sympathetic nervous system functioning (psychic), supporting male sexual function and response (generative).

Root Center: The adrenals form the basic energetic support for the entire organism, associated with the Root Chakra.

Kidneys & Urinary Tract: Weak adrenals may adversely affect the vitality and functioning of the kidneys and urinary tract, which are interlinked with the adrenal glands'. When the kidneys are not effectively eliminating fluids, it can lead to the accumulation of phlegm and moisture. Additionally, the kidneys have a connection to the soles of the feet which may be affected by cold conditions. Conditions of melancholy or devitalization of the adrenals, kidneys, and urinary tract often correlate with chronic fatigue.

Adrenal Exhaustion: Chronic stress and irregular habits can lead to fatigue, irritability, pain, and impotence in men usually caused by flare-ups of Choleric anger or any experiences which feel like a roller coaster. Sexual overindulgence also exhaust the adrenals.

Male Sexual Function: The adrenal glands provide energetic support for male sexual function. Issues with adrenal energy may result in sexual dysfunction, including impotence or premature ejaculation.

Blood Sugar Regulation: In instances of dangerously low blood sugar, the adrenal glands jump into action, raising levels through adrenaline. Chronic instability may involve adrenocortical hormones, aggravating factors in type II diabetes.

German New Medicine (GNM)

Adrenal Cortex (Off Track)

Conflict: Feeling like you've made a wrong choice or gone down the wrong path.

Under-Functioning: Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome, adrenal gland insufficiency, Addison's disease. Reduced cortisol production, feeling stressed and tired.

Over-Functioning: Excess cortisol (Cushing's disease) with high blood pressure, round face, obesity, muscle atrophy or aldosterone (Conn's syndrome) with high blood pressure, low potassium, weak muscles, thirst, frequent urination.

Adrenal Medulla (Unbearable Stress)

Conflict: Extreme tension from stress, feeling overwhelmed. Something is beyond reach.

Diagnosis: Pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma. High blood pressure, racing heart, increased blood sugar, sweating.

Astrology

Mars: This planet governs adrenaline, testosterone, male sexual function, playing a role in the catabolic metabolism where fuel is burned. It also oversees the release of toxins, the regulation of red blood cells, iron, and muscle tissue, including tendons and ligaments. It extends to the entire muscular system, embodying vitality and physical strength. The energy of Mars is hot and dry so it's temperament is Choleric. Mars co-rules the adrenals (with Aries/Libra) and the male genitalia (Scorpio).

Aries: Aries is a Choleric sign, and its will to action makes it prone to anger and stress, which deplete and weaken the adrenal glands. The sign is energetic, sharp-eyed, cheerful, and alert, but may become irritable and have a restless tendency to keep going until burnout. This can lead to eyestrain and poor vision as the health of the eyes is dependent on the strength of the adrenals. The preference for stimulants like chili pepper, caffeine, and their attraction to the Sun can overstimulate the adrenal glands, leading them to seek cooling substances like icy drinks, fruits, and seafood.

Libra: Libra, the Sanguine Air sign that rules the kidneys and lower back, is a counterbalance to Aries. The kidneys and genitourinary tract are only as strong and healthy as the adrenal glands, which are their energetic support. Underlying adrenal weakness and exhaustion weakens the kidneys and genitourinary system, leading to urinary debility, urinary tract infections, inflammation or irritation, uremia, and gout. Since male sexual function is also dependent on the strength and health of the adrenal glands, problems may arise in this area.

Aries-Libra Dynamic: Kidneys, adrenals, eyes, head and cranium, low back, lumbar spine, bladder, genitourinary system (especially male), hips and loins. Aries represents personal power, autonomy, honesty, and decisiveness, often leaning towards individualism and assertiveness. Libra, on the other hand, emphasizes cooperation, diplomacy, compromise, and social harmony. While Aries is direct and often acts alone, Libra seeks mutual choice and operates through consensus. This represents a struggle between competition and cooperation, selfhood and partnership, war and peace, doing and being. Finding balance is needed for acid/alkaline balance, as Aries tends to run acidic, and for hormonal balance, where Aries tends toward excess testosterone. The tension between these two forces may cause a lot of frustration and aggravation, particularly in males, manifesting as irritation or inflammation of the genitourinary tract.

Healing and Relief

Diet: Paleo; reduce caffeine, sugars and sweeteners, gluten, starch, white flour, processed foods, and hydrogenated oils.

Nutritional Supplements: Ionic Magnesium, B Vitamins, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Vitamin C, Zinc, Probiotics, L-Theanine

Herbal Adaptogens: Ashwagandha, Rhodiola Rosea, Holy Basil, Licorice Root, Siberian Ginseng, He Shou Wu

Lifestyle Considerations: Address societal pressure to perform, lack of self-care, and the conflict in real life. Regular exercise of varied intensity. Practice meditation, mindfulness, Tai Chi, Qigong. Express creatively and spend time in nature. Align sleep schedule with circadian rhythm to nourish yin. Hydrate more and add salt to water. Avoid various toxins like dioxin or insecticides which contribute to adrenal malfunction. Spend more time in the sun each day. Don't sit for too long. Try wearing a haramaki, stretch cotton (for summer) or stretch wool (for winter).

These are research notes from the work of Daniel Keown, Michel Odoul, Michael Tierra, Lesley Tierra, Johan Boshwinkel, David Osborn, Judith Hill, Eileen Nauman, Björn Eybl, Caroline Markolin, Deb Shapiro, and Jody Smith.

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fitnessnirvana · 2 months

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WHAT ARE THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF EXERCISE?

The majority of individuals are aware that regular exercise is beneficial to their health, but less is known about the specifics.

Some individuals just use exercise to improve their physical appearance, which can sap their desire and consistency. While having aesthetic objectives is OK, taking a more comprehensive approach to fitness might help you stay motivated to be active and enjoy the health benefits of regular exercise.

The NHS advises adults to be active every day and strive for at least 150 minutes of physical exercise each week through various activities to keep healthy. But any kind of exercise, even ten minutes a day, will help you feel better, so start small and increase your physical activity wherever you can.

What are the health benefits of exercise?

Here are just a few of the many incredible benefits from living an active lifestyle:

Improved heart and circulatory health:

There are several ways that regular exercise might lower your risk of heart and circulation disorders.

It accomplishes this, among other things, by enhancing the muscles' capacity to get oxygen from the blood more efficiently. This lowers blood pressure since your heart needs less effort to circulate blood around the body swiftly. Moreover, you can prevent heart attacks and conditions like high cholesterol, coronary artery disease, and heart attacks by strengthening your heart and enhancing your circulation. Improved insulin resistance from exercise can aid in the reversal of type 2 diabetes.

2. Stronger muscles, bones, and joints:

Exercise strengthens all of the tissues in your body, something you may already be aware of given that it can help you develop bigger, stronger muscles. Frequent exercise creates strong, flexible muscles, increases bone density, and improves joint function and range of motion—all of which help to prevent injury as we age.

3. Weight control:

Although BMI and weight aren't the only factors that determine health, most people are at their healthiest when they have a healthy balance of muscle and fat. Studies reveal that being underweight can result in problems like osteoporosis, infertility, malnutrition, and a weakened immune system, while obesity can raise the risk of many diseases, including heart disease and osteoarthritis, as well as other physical impairments like joint discomfort.

In addition to improving your diet, exercise can help you control your weight and achieve a more muscular or fat-free body composition.

4. Better mood and stress management:

One excellent strategy for enhancing mental health is exercise. Exercise causes the body to create endorphins, sometimes known as happy hormones, which are molecules that improve mood. Exercise also releases endorphins, which the body naturally releases in reaction to stress or pain to help reduce these symptoms and elevate mood. For this reason, exercise is an excellent coping mechanism for stress or low mood.

5. Increased energy:

Your energy levels can be raised by exercise in the short and long term. Energy levels can benefit immediately after exercise since exercise causes the body to release endorphins and enhances the passage of oxygen and nutrients to the muscles and brain. Over time, physical activity contributes to the production of more energy by the body and increases endurance, which reduces exhaustion from daily duties.

6. Better brain function:

Exercise has been linked to improved brain function, learning, and memory in numerous scientific research on the subject of cognition and exercise. This can happen both directly and indirectly. Directly, it can happen when the brain receives more oxygen and when a hormone called irisin is released, which affects the area of the brain that regulates learning. Anytime you find it difficult to focus or process information, a quick workout will help!

7. A better night's sleep:

Having trouble falling asleep? You can treat insomnia and increase both the quantity and quality of your sleep with exercise. Consistently receiving enough sleep has countless advantages, such as increased energy, enhanced focus, better hormone balance between appetite and fullness, decreased inflammation, and enhanced immune system performance. Improving your sleep can have a significant impact on your daily mood, even in the absence of exercise's other health advantages!

8. Staying sociable:

Yes, there are health benefits to being sociable! Research indicates that social isolation and loneliness are associated with increased risks of several mental and physical health issues, including depression, hypertension, and heart disease, especially as we age.

Maintaining your physical fitness is a great method to improve your social life in addition to your physical health. There will be a vibrant fitness community you can join, regardless of your interests in running, circuit training, hiking, cycling, or hitting your personal best on the squat rack. Joining a running club or wellness group can help people meet lifelong friends, and fitness courses are a fantastic place to start. Exercise groups can be a great way to make new friends, meet people in a new place, or just widen your current circle of acquaintances if you're feeling lonely.

These are only a handful of the many amazing health advantages of regular exercise; other advantages include a lower chance of cancer, more flexibility and mobility, better sex life, and a longer life span.

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lanaboodhoo · 3 months

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An Overview of Conditions Treated by Cardiologists

Cardiology is a branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the heart and the cardiovascular system. The field includes medical diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease, and electrophysiology. A congenital heart defect may occur when the heart or one of its associated blood vessels fails to develop normally before birth. The spectrum of these defects ranges from mild to severe with some children not requiring treatment while others require multiple surgeries to correct. Coronary artery disease is the most common heart disease and accounts for 1 in every 4 deaths globally. It is due to narrowing or blockage of the blood vessels that supply the heart with blood and oxygen, usually due to cholesterol deposits. Heart failure is the inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the needs of the body. This may to be due to weakness of the heart muscle, or if the heart is unable to fill properly. Conditions such as coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, inflammation of the heart and abnormalities of the heart valves may cause heart failure. Valvular heart disease may affect one or more of the four valves of the heart, which normally keep blood flowing properly through the heart. Treatment for narrowed or leaking valves may be medical, surgical or catheter based. Electrophysiology focuses on the electrical system of the heart, disturbances of which may result in heart rhythm abnormalities. These may include irregular, slow or rapid heartbeats. Treatment may include drugs, implantable devices or catheter ablation, where tissue causing the problem is destroyed. Symptoms of a heart problem may include chest pain, abnormal shortness of breath, dizziness, blackout, palpitation, cough and swelling of the legs. These should prompt referral to a cardiologist if a cardiac cause is suspected.

#Lana Boodhoo

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sandhyamedicity · 4 months

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Understanding Heart Disease: What is Heart Disease

What is Heart Disease?

Heart disease, also known as cardiovascular disease (CVD), encompasses a range of conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels. It is the leading cause of death worldwide, causing significant morbidity and mortality. The term "heart disease" is often used interchangeably with "cardiovascular disease," although technically, cardiovascular disease includes all diseases of the heart and blood vessels, while heart disease specifically refers to conditions affecting the heart itself.

Types of Heart Disease

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): CAD is the most common type of heart disease and occurs when the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle, become narrowed or blocked due to plaque buildup (atherosclerosis). This can lead to chest pain (angina), heart attacks, and other complications.

Heart Failure: Heart failure, or congestive heart failure, happens when the heart muscle is unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to a buildup of fluid in the lungs and other tissues. Causes include CAD, hypertension, and cardiomyopathy.

Arrhythmias: These are disorders of the heart's rhythm, which can be too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or irregular. Common arrhythmias include atrial fibrillation and ventricular fibrillation, which can significantly impact heart function.

Heart Valve Disease: Heart valve disease involves damage to one or more of the heart's valves, affecting blood flow within the heart. Conditions include stenosis (narrowing of the valve), regurgitation (leakage of the valve), and prolapse (improper closure of the valve).

Congenital Heart Defects: These are heart abnormalities present at birth, ranging from simple defects like a hole in the heart's walls (septal defects) to more complex malformations. They can affect how blood flows through the heart and to the rest of the body.

Cardiomyopathy: Cardiomyopathy refers to diseases of the heart muscle. The heart muscle becomes enlarged, thickened, or rigid, which can lead to heart failure or arrhythmias. Types include dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy.

Pericarditis: Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, the thin sac surrounding the heart. It can cause chest pain and fluid buildup around the heart, affecting its function.

Causes and Risk Factors

Heart disease is influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Major risk factors include:

High Blood Pressure (Hypertension): Hypertension forces the heart to work harder to pump blood, leading to the thickening of the heart muscle and potential heart failure.

High Cholesterol: Elevated levels of cholesterol, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL), contribute to the formation of plaque in the arteries, leading to atherosclerosis.

Smoking: Smoking damages the lining of blood vessels, increases blood pressure, reduces oxygen to the heart, and raises the risk of heart disease.

Diabetes: Diabetes significantly increases the risk of heart disease. High blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels and the nerves that control the heart.

Obesity: Excess body weight strains the heart, raises blood pressure, and increases the likelihood of diabetes and cholesterol problems.

Physical Inactivity: A sedentary lifestyle contributes to obesity, hypertension, and other heart disease risk factors.

Unhealthy Diet: Diets high in saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, sodium, and sugar can lead to heart disease by raising cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and weight.

Family History: A family history of heart disease increases one's risk, suggesting a genetic predisposition.

Age and Gender: Risk increases with age, and men are generally at higher risk earlier in life than women, although women's risk increases and can surpass men's post-menopause.

Symptoms

Symptoms of heart disease vary by condition but may include:

Chest pain or discomfort (angina)

Shortness of breath

Pain, numbness, or coldness in the legs or arms

Fatigue

Lightheadedness or dizziness

Palpitations (irregular heartbeats)

Swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosing heart disease often involves a combination of medical history review, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as:

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

Echocardiogram

Stress tests

Blood tests

Cardiac catheterization

CT or MRI scans

Treatment strategies vary based on the specific type of heart disease and its severity and may include:

Lifestyle Modifications: Healthy diet, regular exercise, smoking cessation, and weight management are crucial for preventing and managing heart disease.

Medications: Medications can control risk factors such as hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes, or treat specific heart conditions like arrhythmias and heart failure.

Procedures and Surgeries: Angioplasty, stent placement, bypass surgery, valve repair or replacement, and implantable devices like pacemakers or defibrillators may be necessary for severe cases.

Prevention

Preventing heart disease involves managing risk factors through:

Maintaining a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats

Regular physical activity

Avoiding tobacco use

Controlling blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels

Regular health screenings

Stress management techniques

Understanding and addressing heart disease through lifestyle changes, medical management, and preventive measures is crucial in reducing its impact and improving overall heart health.

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thoughtportal · 9 months

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According to Stephen Jay Gould, "we have a strong preference for seeing trends as entities moving somewhere." However, trends may instead be the product of relative expansions and contractions of different subpopulations constituting the system. Variation in attributes of coronary heart disease cases during the decline in coronary heart disease mortality suggests a change in the primary source-subpopulation of cases over time. It is proposed that an early 20th-century expansion of a coronary heart disease-prone subpopulation, characterized by high serum-cholesterol phenotype and high case-fatality--which contributed to most of the coronary heart disease cases and deaths during the 1960s--may have been a late result of the 1918 influenza pandemic. The same unusual immune response to infection that in 1918 killed preferentially men, whites, and those born from 1880 to 1900 (20-40 years old) may have "primed" survivors of those birth cohorts to late coronary heart disease mortality. Ecologic evidence in favor of a birth cohort and geographic association between both epidemics is presented. Cross-reactive auto-immune response upon reinfection could explain the excess coronary heart disease deaths reported during influenza epidemics from the late 1920s onward. Mimicry between the viral hemagglutinin and the apolipoprotein B or the low-density lipoprotein receptor could be the link between infection and hypercholesterolemia. The extinction of those birth cohorts would result in a relative increase in cases coming from a 2nd subpopulation, which was characterized by insulin resistance and chronic expression of low-grade inflammation markers and was comparatively less vulnerable to die acutely from coronary heart disease.

#article #medical study #medical history #spanish flu #1918 influenza pandemic #pandemic #heart disease #history

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seogoogle1 · 6 months

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Embracing Veganism: Exploring the Comprehensive Health Benefits of a Plant-Based Lifestyle

Introduction In recent years, the shift towards plant-based diets has gained considerable traction, with Vegan Health Benefits emerging as a prominent lifestyle choice. Beyond its ethical and environmental implications, veganism is increasingly recognized for its numerous health benefits. From reducing the risk of chronic diseases to promoting overall well-being, adopting a plant-based diet holds immense potential for enhancing human health. In this article, we delve into the compelling health advantages of veganism, backed by scientific evidence and expert insights.

Nutrient-Rich Diet

One of the primary misconceptions surrounding veganism is the assumption of nutritional deficiencies. However, when appropriately planned, a Vegan Health Benefits diet can provide all the essential nutrients required for optimal health. Plant-based foods are rich sources of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and phytonutrients, offering a diverse array of nutrients that contribute to overall well-being. Key nutrients abundant in plant-based foods include fiber, vitamin C, vitamin E, potassium, magnesium, and folate.

Heart Health

A plant-based diet has been linked to a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. Research indicates that individuals following vegan diets have lower blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and body mass index (BMI) compared to omnivores. Furthermore, the absence of dietary cholesterol and saturated fats in plant-based foods helps maintain healthy cholesterol levels, thereby reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.

Cancer Prevention

Plant-based diets are associated with a lower incidence of certain cancers, including colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer. Phytochemicals found in fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which help combat oxidative stress and inflammation—key factors contributing to cancer development. Additionally, the high fiber content of plant-based diets promotes regular bowel movements and eliminates carcinogens from the body, further reducing cancer risk.

Weight Management

Obesity is a significant global health concern associated with various chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers. Adopting a vegan diet can aid in weight management due to its low calorie density and high fiber content. Plant-based foods are typically lower in calories and saturated fats while being rich in fiber, promoting satiety and reducing overall calorie intake. Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of vegan diets in achieving and maintaining a healthy weight.

Diabetes Control

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance and high blood sugar levels, is a growing health epidemic worldwide. Plant-based diets have shown promise in managing and even reversing type 2 diabetes. By emphasizing whole, unprocessed foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes, vegan diets help improve insulin sensitivity, lower blood sugar levels, and reduce the risk of diabetic complications. Additionally, the high fiber content of plant-based foods aids in controlling blood glucose levels and managing weight, both crucial factors in diabetes management.

Digestive Health

A well-planned vegan diet can promote digestive health by providing an abundance of fiber, which is essential for maintaining regular bowel movements and preventing constipation. Fiber also serves as a prebiotic, nourishing beneficial gut bacteria and promoting a healthy gut microbiome. Furthermore, plant-based diets are typically lower in inflammatory foods such as red meat and processed foods, which can exacerbate digestive issues such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Improved Longevity

Research suggests that adhering to a plant-based diet may extend lifespan and improve overall longevity. The consumption of plant-based foods rich in antioxidants and phytonutrients helps protect against oxidative stress and inflammation, two key drivers of aging and age-related diseases. Additionally, the reduced risk of chronic diseases associated with veganism, such as cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers, contributes to a longer and healthier lifespan.

Conclusion

The evidence supporting the health benefits of Vegan Health Benefits continues to grow, highlighting the potential of plant-based diets in promoting overall health and well-being. From reducing the risk of chronic diseases to supporting weight management and digestive health, adopting a vegan lifestyle offers a multitude of advantages backed by scientific research. As more individuals recognize the transformative impact of plant-based eating on health, the movement towards veganism is likely to accelerate, paving the way for a healthier and more sustainable future.

Website: https://cruelty.farm/

https://seogoogle99.blogspot.com/2024/04/vegan-gut-health.html

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usascripthelpersofficial · 6 months

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TYPES OF HEART DISEASE

Heart disease encompasses a wide range of cardiovascular problems. Various conditions fall under the heart disease umbrella, each affecting the heart or blood vessels in distinct ways. Understanding these types can help in recognizing symptoms early and seeking appropriate treatment. This article explores the primary types of heart disease, their causes, and potential treatments.

1. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Overview:

Coronary Artery Disease is the most common type of heart disease. CAD occurs when the coronary arteries, responsible for supplying blood to the heart muscle, become hardened and narrowed due to the buildup of cholesterol and other materials, known as plaque, on their inner walls. This process is called atherosclerosis.

Symptoms:

Chest pain (angina)

Shortness of breath

Fatigue

Treatment:

Treatments include lifestyle changes, medication, and possibly procedures like angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

2. Heart Arrhythmias

Overview:

Arrhythmias are irregular heartbeats. The heart can beat too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or irregularly. This can be due to a fault in the heart’s electrical system.

Symptoms:

Palpitations

Dizziness

Fainting

Treatment:

Treatment might involve medications, lifestyle adjustments, and in some cases, implantable devices like pacemakers or procedures like catheter ablation.

3. Heart Valve Disease

Overview:

The heart contains four valves: the tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, and aortic valves. These valves open and close to direct blood flow through the heart. Valve disease occurs when one or more of these valves do not function properly.

Symptoms:

Fatigue

Swollen ankles or feet

Shortness of breath

Treatment:

Treatment may include medication, surgical repair, or valve replacement depending on the severity and specific type of valve disease.

4. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Overview:

Heart failure, sometimes known as congestive heart failure, occurs when the heart can’t pump blood as well as it should. This can result from any condition that damages the heart muscle, including CAD, high blood pressure, and heart valve disease.

Symptoms:

Shortness of breath

Persistent coughing or wheezing

Swelling in legs, ankles, and feet

Treatment:

Managing heart failure involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medications, and possibly surgery or devices like ventricular assist devices (VADs) or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs).

5. Cardiomyopathy

Overview:

Cardiomyopathy refers to diseases of the heart muscle. These diseases enlarge or make the heart muscle rigid and more prone to arrhythmias.

Symptoms:

Breathlessness

Swelling of the legs

Fatigue

Treatment:

Treatment focuses on controlling symptoms and may include medications, lifestyle modifications, or devices to help the heart pump more effectively.

6. Congenital Heart Defects

Overview:

Congenital heart defects are structural problems with the heart present from birth. They can involve the walls of the heart, the valves of the heart, and the arteries and veins near the heart.

Symptoms:

Symptoms vary widely and can include cyanosis (a bluish tint to the skin, lips, and fingernails), breathing difficulties, and fatigue.

Treatment:

Treatment depends on the type and severity of the defect and may involve medication, catheter procedures, or surgery.

Conclusion

Heart disease is a broad term that covers various conditions affecting the heart’s structure and function. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of these different types can lead to early diagnosis and treatment, significantly improving quality of life and outcomes for those affected. Regular check-ups and conversations with healthcare providers about heart health can help individuals understand their risks and take proactive steps towards heart disease prevention.

#usascriphelpersofficial #heart failure #heart disease #heart disease prevention #heart disease risk #health care #medical care #public health

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er-cryptid · 1 year

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Lovastatin

Names -- Mevacor -- Altoprev

Class -- lipid-lowering agent -- HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

Use -- adjunctive treatment/managing hypercholesterolemia (primary) and mized dyslipidemia -- primary prevention of coronary heart disease in asymptomatic patients with increased total and LDL cholesterol and decreased HDL cholesterol

Action -- inhibits HMG-CoA reductase -- HMG-CoA reductase is an enzyme responsible for catalyzing an early step in the synthesis of cholesterol

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gsuniversityofficial · 1 year

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What are the stages of congestive heart failure?

Congestive heart failure, also known as cardiac failure, is a serious condition in which the heart fails to pump blood adequately. We are all aware of the basic functioning of the heart which is to pump blood and oxygen to various parts of the body. This functioning may get hampered at times due to certain heart issues. One such heart issue that we are going to discuss is congestive heart failure.

GS Hospital Pilkhuwa, one of the top heart care hospitals in UP, takes the initiative to bring about awareness for a healthy heart. Awareness of heart health is a must to prevent any kind of cardiac issues and maintain healthy heart function. In this context, we shall discuss the causes, symptoms, and stages of congestive cardiac failure and how to prevent it.

Early detection is key to better recovery for heart health. Knowing about the stages of congestive cardiac failure will help restore heart functioning with a strategic plan and medication management. Let's begin with the basics of congestive heart failure.

What is congestive heart failure?

As the name suggests, congestive cardiac failure is a heart condition in which the heart fails to pump sufficient blood and oxygen to other systems of the body. The word “heart failure” can be quite stressful. However, this does not mean that the heart completely fails to perform its functioning of heartbeats.

In congestive cardiac failure, the heart becomes less contractible due to its limitation and ability to fill with blood. This may cause congestion or chest pain due to a lack of oxygen and blood supply. If neglected, it may cause multisystem organ failure.

Causes of congestive heart failure

The causes of congestive heart failure are as follows-

Genetic

Aging

Stress

High blood pressure or cholesterol

Obesity

Coronary artery disease or blockage

Heart valve disorder

Irregular heartbeat

Abuse of drugs or alcohol

History of smoking

Symptoms of congestive heart failure

The symptoms of congestive heart failure are as follows-

Rapid heartbeat

Weight gain

Excessive sweating

Shortness of breath

Swelling of extremities

Fatigue

Nausea

Lightheadedness

Persistent cough

Stages of congestive heart failure

There are 4 different stages of congestive cardiac failure which include the following-

Stage A

Patients with stage A heart failure may have no major dysfunction of pumping activity of the heart such as coronary artery disease, valvular problems, or blockage of the heart. They may have symptoms such as mild shortness of breath, and swelling of extremities. These patients generally have a strong past medical history of diabetes, high blood pressure, or obesity. There are no major structural and functional changes in the heart at this stage. The symptoms can be corrected with lifestyle changes and medications.

Stage B

Patients with stage B congestive heart failure may develop structural heart disease which reduces the overall functioning of the heart usually within less than 6 months. These patients often complain of enlarged left ventricles. They may have symptoms such as shortness of breath, and swelling of extremities. The diagnostic test mainly reveals structural changes with positive stress tests. Healthy lifestyle modifications such as exercising to lose weight may help in improving the functioning of the heart with medications. These patients may have a strong genetic history of heart failure.

Stage C

Patients at this stage will show symptoms of heart failure with underlying structural heart disease. The symptoms mainly occur due to contraction of the left ventricle while pumping blood. The patient may have breathlessness, fatigue, and tiredness with dyspnea on exertion. These patients are under current treatment for heart failure and may show no symptoms while being under the medications. They are given treatment to prevent heart failure exacerbation.

Stage D

Stage D heart failure is considered the last stage of heart failure. In these patients, there will be advanced structural and functional cases causing symptoms to occur at rest as well. The patients under this stage may require advanced treatment such as circulatory support, surgery, or medications as directed by the physician.

The stages and symptoms of heart failure may range from mild to severe. It may worsen over time if not medically managed. Practicing a healthy lifestyle can help in delaying the progression of the heart issue preventing further damage.

Types of heart failure

There are two types of heart failure which include

● Left-sided heart failure

Left-sided heart failure is considered a common type of heart failure. The left ventricle is an important chamber that allows the pumping of the heart. This allows blood supply to all parts of the body by maintaining adequate blood volume.

In case of systolic heart failure, the left ventricle capacity to contract deteriorates causing pumping failure. This reduces the capacity of blood and oxygen supply to other parts of the body.

On the other hand, in the case of diastolic heart failure, there is stiffening of the left ventricle which causes the inability of the muscle to relax.

The main symptoms of left-sided heart failure are weight gain, shortness of breath at rest as well as exertion, inability to lie flat on bed at night, awakening at night due to shortness of breath, and left-sided chest pain.

● Right-sided heart failure

Right-sided heart failure is quite less common. This occurs because of the lack of pumping of blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. The backflow of the blood into the blood vessels may cause fluid retention and edema of the lower legs and arms. The main symptoms of right-sided heart failure are breathlessness of exertion, wheezing, lightheadedness, dizziness, coughing, edema of the legs, and difficulty concentrating.

Both forms of heart failure may get progressive with time if left untreated. If you are resonating with any of the above-mentioned signs and symptoms, it is recommended to consult your doctor right away.

Treatment of congestive heart failure

The main standard treatment for congestive cardiac failure is to control signs and symptoms and prevent further damage to the heart. The line of treatment for congestive cardiac failure includes a comprehensive treatment plan with the following-

Medications include vasodilators, diuretics, ACE inhibitors, glycosides, anti-coagulant, beta-blockers, and tranquilizers.

The surgical procedure includes bypass surgery of the blocked artery, biventricular pacing therapy, implantable cardioverter defibrillator, VAD (Ventricular assist devices) therapy, or heart transplant which is the last resort.

Lifestyle modifications include avoiding salt for fluid retention and limiting intake of caffeine for irregular heartbeats or tachycardia.

Tips to follow for congestive heart failure

The best lifestyle changes for congestive heart failure are as follows-

Monitor your heart health

Go for regular check-ups with your doctor

Carry out routine tests like exercise stress tests, ECG, EKG, and heart monitor by your doctor

Destress yourself

Maintain healthy weight

Voice up your concerns with your doctor

Stay positive

Follow a healthy diet plan

Exercise as advised by your doctor

Have a good and sound sleep

Quit smoking and alcohol.

Conclusion

GS Hospital, the best heart care center in Delhi NCR has helped many patients worldwide to recover from congestive cardiac failure. With a professional team of cardiologists, GS Hospital is focused on providing quality care to every patient at their best. Right from diagnosis to the best medication treatment, the hospital aims to provide holistic heart health care to patients to regain their confidence with the best cardiac health. This makes them a top heart care hospital in Ghaziabad to opt for all heart issues.

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