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lonestarfangirl2014 · 5 years

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Some Info on the wonder family in my earth Legacy AU AKA Wonder Woman/Wonder girl fandom I need MAJOR HELP

I have my own fanon universe I’m building and I’m currently working on my version of the titans. On my version of the team there are three founding female members that have Amazon/Greek heritage. two of them are pretty much complete OCs, The first one who is also considered the teams first leader is the great granddaughter of Ares named Olivia (her mother is my interpretation of superwoman from the crime syndicate while her grandmother is my interpretation of Penthesilea a amazon from flashpoint) while the second one is the granddaughter of Zeus(making Diana her Aunt) I decided to name her Monique and the last one who is my interpretation of Diana’s little sister Drusilla is the daughter of Ares(making her my first OCs great aunt)

I also have like three males(maybe four I haven’t decided) who are part of the Wonder legacy to. And for the record only one maybe two are officially part of the Titans

Two of the males are Jason and Thrax Twin brothers to Diana and Drusilla respectably. Jason has the title Of Wonder Warrior And is a member of superhero team And I haven’t decided if Thrax is a hero yet or if I should really even include him at all in my AU.

While the third is my interpretation of Hunter Prince from the justice league legacy arc. He isn’t a Titan per say but he’s been offered membership(yes he still has major mommy and daddy issues). The fourth is a OC son of a Bana Mighdall Amazon(haven’t decided who yet but I know for sure it’s not Artemis who around Jason Todd’s age in this universe) who I call Alesandro/Amasis(child of the moon) who is part of the titans. Yeah he and Hunter don’t get along that well(I gotta develop this further but I’m thinking something like former boyfriends or former friends with benefits)

I need help with coming up with lassos. I already decided that Olivia is getting a lasso of submission similar to her mom.... I really need a name for her besides Lois ugh until I figure out one out I’m calling superwoman Atalanta after her And Dianas great aunt.....also have I mentioned that Superwoman and Wonder Woman are related several different ways but commonly refer to each other as maternal first cousins when interviewed by the media here?

But what about the others? I checked the DC Database Wiki and it said that Drusilla has a Lasso Of Truth similar to her sister but I don’t know if I wanna go that route because I kinda want to give each of Diana siblings a different type of lasso....actually I think I might just go with Thrax and Jason having a sword and Shield like Hippolyta did when she was Wonder Woman(yeah that’s canon in my universe except there’s no time travel and she went to mans world as a teenager) Nubia also Exists here as Hippolytas eldest child and I haven’t decided on a lasso for her either... should I have Hippolyta carry a lasso to(it could get passed down to one of her kids and in that case I’m thinking either Nubia or Diana since their the 1st and 2nd eldest daughters)

Also before anyone ask I’m still including both Donna and Cassie in the family but in my universe Drusilla debuted before both of them so she probably gets the Wonder girl name first(or at least she’s the public wonder girl since both Donna and Cassie are pretty much private superheroes only working with the justice league covert operations team of young superheroes until they both been in the life for a few years).

Donna Troy is currently called Troia and in my universe she was born on April 26 a year and three almost four months older then Jason Todd And a year plus four months younger then Dick Grayson. Her backstory is as follows.

Donna was orphaned by her birth mother, Dorothy Hinckley, a dying unwed teen who had given her up for adoption at Willowbrook Orphanage in Newport News, Virginia. Soon after baby Donna was adopted by Fay Stacey and her husband Carl but after Carl was killed in a work-related accident, Fay gave Donna up for adoption again, unable to raise the toddler because of mounting expenses. When her orphanage caught on fire Donna was saved by the titan Rhea who, being one of the mythological Titans, brought her to New Cronus and raised her as one of twelve Titan Seeds, orphans from various planets who would have died if Rhea had not saved them. Each one was given the name of a place that worshiped the Titans, and Donna was given the last name of Troy in homage to the ancient city. She was returned to Earth at age 12 , where her memories of New Cronus were erased until such a time that she would return and take her place among the Seeds as gods. She wound up crashing into the sea near Themyscira where she was saved from drowning by Queen Hippolyta herself. The only thing she remembered was the Name Donna Troy. Hippolyta dearly missing each of her own children decided to adopt young Donna and thus named her a recognized princess of Themyscira. As a adult at the current age of 22 she has successfully reconnected with Fay Stacey as well as her new family and is currently searching for her birth mothers family. Her lasso is the same as comic canon Lasso of Persuasion

I haven’t decided how I want Cassandra Sandsmark background to shape up. Should I have her as the Demi goddess daughter of Zeus like her New earth and young justice(tv show) incarnation or the daughter of Zeus son Lennox like her Prime earth/new 52/rebirth incarnation? I’m leaning towards the latter since her time on the new 52 teen titans was my favorite incarnation of her in the comics. Her lasso is the Lasso of Lightning

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thedcdunce · 5 years

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Donna Troy

“I'm Donna Troy, bitch.” - Donna Troy

Real Name: Donna Hinckley Stacy Troy

Aliases:

Wonder Girl

Darkstar

Goddess of the Moon

Wonder Woman

Troia

Princess Donna

Donna Prince

Gender: Female

Height: 5′ 9″

Weight: 140 lbs (64 kg)

Eyes: Blue

Hair: Black

Race: Amazon

Powers:

Divine Empowerment

Abilites:

Hand-to-Hand Combat (Advanced)

Tactical Analysis

Swimming

Photography

Equipment:

Donna Troy's Lasso

Lasso of Persuasion

Bracelets of Submission

Troia Costume

Amazon Armor

Universe Orb

Darkstar Exo-Mantle

Amazonian Weapons

Donna Troy's Lasso

Lasso of Persuasion

Universe:

Earth-One

New Earth

Base of Operations: New Cronus, 14218 Athena Drive

Citizenship: American

Origin: Magical clone of Wonder Woman

Marital Status:

Widowed (Terry Long; husband)

Divorced (Coeus; husband)

Occupation:

Photographer

Guardian of the Universe Orb

First Appearance: The Brave and the Bold #60 (July, 1965)

Last Appearance: Justice League of America Vol 2 #60 (October, 2011)

Powers

Divine Empowerment: As a magical replicate of Diana, Donna possesses most of her powers. At various times she has lost and gained her powers, even abilities unique to her.

Accelerated Healing

Charisma: Donna has truth-coaxing powers like Diana; even without a Lasso of Truth people find it almost impossible to lie to her.

Flight: Donna can glide on wind currents for short periods of time.

Psychic Link: While Wonder Woman has a psychic rapport with animals, Donna has a psychic rapport with her. This allows one to feel the other's emotions, dreams and even thoughts.

Superhuman Agility

Superhuman Durability

Superhuman Reflexes

Superhuman Speed

Superhuman Stamina

Superhuman Strength

Abilities

Hand-to-Hand Combat (Advanced): Like all Amazons, Donna is well trained to fight with various weapons and in the martial arts, and often practices with a kind of staff which seems to be her personal weapon of choice.

Archery

Weaponry

Tactical Analysis

Swimming: Donna is able to navigate through the depths of the oceans.

Photography: She has studied photography at New York University, and was a co-founder of Aurora Photo Studio.

Equipment

Donna Troy's Lasso: Donna's original golden lasso.

Lasso of Persuasion: Anyone who is held by the silver lasso of persuasion and with less will than Donna is compelled to do what she tell them to do.

Bracelets of Submission: Donna possesses a pair of bracelets that are common among Amazonian women. She is able to use these bracelets to deflect ranged attacks such as gunfire, missiles, and lasers. In close combat, Donna can use them to deflect punches, kicks, and melee weapons.

Troia Costume: A costume composed of various items gifted by the Titans of Myth, including an amulet of Cronus, a mystic net from Oceanus and Tethys, golden armor forged by the sun itself from Thiaand Hyperion, an earring of balance by Themis, a bracelet that used to belong to Phoebe, and from Criusand Mnemosyne a cloth from the starry firmament. This cloth became an important part of her later costumes, as it allowed her a map to everything, including New Cronus.

Amazon Armor: A heavy and ornate battle-armor much like her sister's, but made of a silver-colored metal.

Universe Orb: The Universe Orb is the repository of all knowledge and history of Universe.

Darkstar Exo-Mantle: As a member of the Darkstars, Donna wore the standard Darkstar Exo-Mantle as part of their group, granting her superhuman strength, speed, and agility. The exo-mantle also possessed a personal force field for protection against physical impact and energy attacks. The main weapons were twin maser units that fired energy blasts with pinpoint accuracy; however, it seems that Donna did not undergo the surgical procedure to attain the instant mastery of maser control that the other Darkstars had, and had a split-second delay in reaction time when wearing the less powerful deputy version of the exo-mantle. A powerful shoulder mounted cannon complemented the maser system of the Darkstars' exo-mantle. With the exo-mantle, one could achieve high speeds during flight, all the while protected from wind friction by the force field. Since leaving the Darkstars, Donna no longer possesses the exo-mantle.

Amazonian Weapons

Donna Troy's Lasso

Lasso of Persuasion

Origin

Donna was created to be a playmate for the young Wonder Woman by the sorceress Magala, who used a magical mirror to create a duplicate of Diana, though with her own personality. She was abducted by Dark Angel who mistook her for the real Diana, and cursed her to experience a cycle of countless tragic lives, given the name Donna Troy as a cruel joke to her origins. But it would not be until the intervention of Wonder Woman, Hippolyta, and the Flash years later that she would learn this.

In one of the lives she ended up living, Donna was orphaned by her birth mother, Dorothy Hinckley, a dying unwed teen who had given her up for adoption. After Donna's adoptive father Carl Stacey was killed in a work-related accident, her adoptive mother Fay Stacey gave her up for adoption again, unable to raise the toddler because of mounting expenses. Donna remembered being rescued from a fire by the goddess Rhea who, being one of the mythological Titans, brought her to New Cronus and raised her as one of twelve Titan Seeds, orphans from various planets who would have died if Rhea had not saved them. Each one was given the name of a place that worshiped the Titans, and Donna was given the last name of Troy in homage to the ancient city. She was returned to Earth at age thirteen, where her memories of New Cronus were erased until such a time that she would return and take her place among the Seeds as gods.

Wonder Girl and Troia

When Donna experienced having superhuman powers and abilities, she adopted the identity of Wonder Girl. Donna became one of the founding members of the Teen Titans, even suggesting the name of the group from a residual memory.

She married Terry Long, a college professor, and soon became pregnant. This incited the Team Titans group from the future to confront her, claiming that her son would threaten the future as Lord Chaos. Donna voluntarily gave up her powers to prevent this. She later requested for her powers to be returned but was denied. She was inducted into the Darkstars and rejoined the Teen Titans as a Darkstar. Terry later divorced Donna citing that her superhero role put the family in danger and gained sole custody of their son. She turned to teammate Kyle Rayner for comfort, but left him after Terry, Robert and Jenny Long, were killed in a tragic car accident.

The tragedy caused Dark Angel to appear and make Donna start anew with a totally different life, causing everyone but Hippolyta and Wally West to forget her existence as the Donna Troy who became Wonder Girl and Troia. Together with Wonder Woman, Hippolyta and Wally helped restore the life of Donna Troy, breaking her out of the curse that Dark Angel had bound her to. She was then adopted as a daughter of Hippolyta. Consequently, Hippolyta decreed that Donna, as her daughter, would be granted the privilege of a royal station and a title. As such, a coronation was held and Donna was thereafter referred to as Princess Donna amongst the Amazons.

Death

An android named Indigo appeared, badly damaged and in need of repair. In her attempts to repair herself and call for aid from other androids, she caused a Superbot to go rogue during a meeting of the Teen Titans and Young Justice; Donna and Omen were killed during the attempts to stop it.

The Return of Donna Troy

Donna Troy had discovered that, like every other person after the destruction of the multiverse, she was an amalgam of every alternate version of Donna Troy in the former realities. Unlike everyone else, Donna was the repository of knowledge of every alternate universe version of herself. She learned that her counterpart on Earth-Two was saved by a firefighter and raised in an orphanage, while her Earth-S counterpart died in the fire. She also discovered that her sworn enemy of the past, Dark Angel, was in fact the Donna Troy of Earth-Seven, saved from certain death by the Anti-Monitor, just like the Monitor had saved Harbinger. When the parallel realities were condensed into one, Dark Angel, who had somehow escaped the compression of every Donna Troy into one single person on the new Earth, sought to kill her. Every life she forced Donna to relive was, in fact, an aspect of an alternate Donna, as a way to avoid the merging and remain the last one standing. When she was defeated, Donna became the real sum of every Donna Troy that existed on every Earth, a living key to the lost Multiverse.

Donna had been reborn after her death at the hands of the Superman android. The Titans of Myth, realizing that she was the child who was destined to save them from some impending threat, brought her to New Cronus and implanted false memories within her mind to make her believe she was the original Goddess of the Moon and wife of Coeus. The Titans of Myth incited war between other worlds near New Cronus in order to gain new worshippers. They used the combined power of their collective faith to open a passageway into another reality, where they would be safe from destruction. Donna was another means to that end, until she was found by the Titans and The Outsiders who restored her true memories. This was not without casualties, however. Sparta, who was restored to full mental health and stripped of the bulk of her power, had been made an officer in the Titans of Myth's royal military. She was sacrificed by the Titans of Myth in an attempt to lay siege to the planet, Minosyss, which housed a Sun-Eater factory miles beneath its surface. Sparta's death had inadvertently helped trigger Donna's memory restoration. Athyns had also reappeared by this time, and aided the heroes and the Mynossian resistance in battling the Titans of Myth. It was then that Hyperion, the Titan of the Sun, revealed Donna's true origins to her and ordered her to open a passageway into another reality by means of a dimensional nexus that once served as a gateway to the Multiverse itself, within the Sun-Eater factory's core. This turned out to be the Titans of Myth's real target. Donna did so, but fearing they would simply continue with their power-mad ambitions, she banished most of them into Tartarus. However, Hyperion, and his wife Thia, were warned of the deception at the last moment. Enraged, they turned on Donna, intending to kill her for the betrayal, but Coeus activated the Sun-Eater to save her and Arsenal. As the Sun-Eater began absorbing their vast solar energies, Hyperion and Thia tried to escape through the Nexus, but they were both torn apart by the combined forces of the Nexus' dimensional pull and the Sun-Eater's power. Coeus, who had learned humility and compassion from Donna, vowed to guard the gateway to make certain the other Titans of Myth remained imprisoned forever. After this, Donna gained all knowledge of her alternate selves and was entrusted with the Universe Orb by Harbinger.

Infinite Crisis

Donna led a group of heroes to New Cronus to deal with a rip in space caused by Alexander Luthor, attacking him through the rift. The team suffered loss, including the death of Jade and several others who went missing. Donna also procured a "red sun eater" in order to defeat Superboy-Prime. Afterwards, Donna returned to New Cronus where she analyzed the history of the universe as it had been recorded in Harbinger's old Universe Orb.

One Year Later

Donna Troy assumed the mantle of Wonder Woman. Diana stepped down, feeling the need to "find out who Diana is". In the midst of a fight with Cheetah and Giganta, Donna was overwhelmed when Doctor Psycho manipulated her into believing that Diana was attacking her with deadly force. At the same time, Diana, posing as a government agent, arrived on the scene. Circe is behind the attacks and capture.

Donna worked alongside ex-boyfriend Kyle Rayner, who had taken up the powers and title of Ion again. They fought against one of the Monitors who attempted to remove them from the newly rebuilt time-stream, claiming the two were unwanted anomalies. Donna returned to earth with Ion in time for him to say good-bye to his dying mother.

Donna later joined several former Teen Titans in their battle against Deathstroke and his Titans East team.

The Challengers from Beyond

Donna soon after attended Duela Dent's funeral with the Teen Titans. After the burial, she was confronted by Jason Todd, who sought her out as a kindred spirit. She repeatedly ran into the helpful Jason while trying to investigate Duela's murder. Her investigation was put on hold once she discovered the Amazons had invaded Washington, D.C. She traveled to the city and confronted the recently revived Hippolyta to put a stop to the invasion. The Amazon Queen informed her that she would consider a withdrawal, only if Donna could include Diana in the peace talks, Donna left to find her sister, discovering that Jason Todd had followed her to Washington as well. Jason told Donna that he believed the Monitors were responsible for Duela's death, but before anything else could be done, both warriors were attacked by the Monitor's aide, Forerunner. They were consequently saved by the seemingly benevolent "Bob," and recruited to help locate Ray Palmer. Their journey took them across the expanse of the new Multiverse, whereupon they were also joined by Donna's former boyfriend, Green Lantern as well as Ray Palmer's successor Ryan Choi. This loose confederation of adventurers became known as the Challengers from Beyond. After several haphazard missions in the Nanoverse, they eventually found Palmer in the parallel reality known as Earth-51. Shortly thereafter, their colleague Bob the Monitor betrayed them, and Earth-51 was destroyed as a result of the Morticoccus Virus. With Palmer in tow, the Challengers eventually returned to their home dimension. Donna, Ray and Kyle agreed that with the growing individuality of the fifty-two existing Monitors, there was too much room for corruption. They all agreed to serve as a watchdog group in order to "Monitor the Monitors".

Return of the Titans

Returning to Earth, Donna reunited with her old teammates the Titans. The group reformed after discovering that the children of one of their deadliest foes, Trigon, had been systematically hunting down members, both old and new.

Blackest Night

Donna had a horrific encounter with her deceased son Robert and husband Terry, revived as undead beings in the Black Lantern Corps. She was bitten by Robert, becoming "infected" by the Black Lantern's power. Donna, along with Superboy, Kid Flash, Wonder Woman, Green Lantern and several other resurrected heroes, were targeted by Nekron, the being responsible for the Black Lanterns. Donna's previous deaths made her vulnerable to the Black Rings. However, unlike the other heroes, Donna was converted by being infected with the Black Lantern's power rather than having a ring forced on her.

Justice League

Donna Troy became part of the new Justice League's lineup, along with Mon-El, Batman, and Hal Jordan.

Her recruitment began when she volunteered to help Mikaal Tomas and Congorilla track down the supervillain Prometheus. She accompanied them to the JLA Watchtower alongside Starfire and Animal Man, only to discover that Red Arrow had been mutilated by Prometheus. During the ensuing battle, Donna was impaled through the wrists, but freed herself, taking down Prometheus after he defeated the rest of the team. Unfortunately, the villain destroyed Star City via a teleportation device.

In the aftermath, Donna was told by Wonder Woman that she could benefit from being a part of the JLA. To that end, she officially joined the team, even recruiting Cyborg and Starfire as well.

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starlassoed-blog · 8 years

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partial list of ncps related to donna on this blog !! all are canon mentioned characters, but most are divergent or heavily under my own canon. they can be mentioned in activity on this blog, and are *wink wink* open for other’s interpretations.

magala - an ancient woman murdered by her own mate, gaea took pity on her and took her to the well of souls, as one of the first woman killed by men’s violence, later, when the amazons were created she stayed with them, but kept her seclusion and studied the mystic. she created a mirror, which after showing it to a 12 year old diana, part of her soul bonded to it, creating donna.

terry long - a history professor, terry worked at the new york college donna attended in her attempts to live a normalized double life. soon, the two began dating and after a short time were married. they had a happy marriage, with a son named robert, but it soon began to fall apart with terry’s dissatisfaction with his life and career, coming to find donna’s superhero lifestyle dangerous and reckless.

dorothy hinckley - in one of the many alternate lives donna was forced to live through, dorothy is the birth mother of donna, who suffered through cancer and gave donna up for a better life.

dark angel - a daemon of doom, dark angle appeared on themyscira with the intent on kidnapping princess diana, instead unwittingly capturing donna instead. she created the multitude of lifetimes donna was forced to live through, each one ending in terrible tragedy with the hopes of driving hippolyta insane, but thanks to that, once donna was freed she became her own being.

coeus - after being reborn, donna was taken by the titans of myth and her memories tricked into her believing that she was the original goddess of the moon. that made her the wife of coeus, an olympian

violet - while visiting london, a sightseeing donna made friends with a lovely young woman named only violet. the two spent the whole day chatting and bonding, before they parted ways. donna later tracked her down to give back the purse violet had forgotten, and in the process walked in on violet being attacked. saving the girl, they formed a somewhat close bond of gratitude and friendship

#deathrisen #( inspired by cj bc why not )#( i just want to dive deeper into donna's backstory okay )#* ⟨ ❝ NOT LIKE OTHER GIRLS ? IS THAT A BAD THING ? ( mari's ooc. )

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donnatroyprincessofthemyscira · 1 year

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We got her fire origin back.

We got the "Who is Donna Troy?" Back.

Now we get our first look at her FRACK'N FATHER!

#Donna Troy #titans #wondergirl #teen titans #wonder girl #troia #princess donna troy #wonder woman #Dorothy Hinckley #Tales of the Titans

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blackbatcass · 8 months

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I think pieces of Donna’s different origins stay with her in ways that contradict each other. There’s a language in the back of her mind that doesn’t come from anywhere and she doesn’t have a clear enough memory to realize it’s from New Kronos. Her blue eyes are a dead match for Dorothy Hinckley’s but she sometimes finds dried pieces of clay under her fingernails. She still has burn scars on her ankles from the house fire. She and Diana have the same nose, and a nearly identical birthmark. She remembers the name of the firefighter who saved her, who she supposedly made up. Sometimes she blinks and is seeing through someone else’s eyes for a moment, someone halfway across the universe, someone who’s name is not Sparta or Athens or Xanthi but could have been, once. She remembers sparring with her peers when she was young, but her memory never agrees on whether it was with the Amazons or the Titan seeds. She doesn’t make sense. She’s Donna Troy and she is made up of every reality the universe wove together to keep her alive.

#donna troy #wonderfam #donna fucking troy you all…..going insane

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maxwellyjordan · 5 years

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Argument preview: Justices to hear challenge to lack of insanity defense

Next week the justices will return to the bench for the first time since the end of June. The new term is already full of interesting cases, including the very first one on Monday, October 7: Kahler v. Kansas, in which the Supreme Court will consider whether the Constitution allows a state to abolish the insanity defense.

Kansas State Capitol

In November 2009, James Kahler shot and killed four members of his family. Things had begun to unravel for Kahler earlier in the year, when his wife Karen – who had begun an affair with a woman the previous year – filed for divorce and left him, taking their children with her. In the fall, Kahler was fired from his job working for the city of Columbia, Missouri. On the weekend after Thanksgiving, Kahler drove to the home of Dorothy Wight, Karen’s grandmother, with three or four rifles and ammunition in his car. Kahler entered the home, where he shot Karen, Wight, and his two teenage daughters, Emily and Lauren. The couple’s son, Sean, escaped through the back door and ran to a neighbor’s house. Wight’s medical-alert device recorded audio of the shootings, including Kahler saying, “I am going to kill her.”

Kahler was charged with four counts of first-degree murder. At his trial, an expert for the defense testified that Kahler had been so depressed at the time of the shooting that he couldn’t help himself, while the prosecution’s expert testified that Kahler had the capacity to form the kind of premeditated intent to kill required for a death sentence.

Under Kansas law, Kahler could not argue that he was insane as a defense to the charges. In 1995, Kansas had replaced the insanity defense with a new law that allows a defendant to argue that, because of mental illness, he could not have intended to commit the crime but makes clear that mental illness “is not otherwise a defense.” The law was a response to several high-profile criminal cases, including the attempted assassination of President Ronald Reagan by John Hinckley, who was found not guilty by reason of insanity. The trial court instructed the jurors in Kahler’s trial that they could only consider Kahler’s mental illness as part of determining whether he intended to kill his victims. The jury found him guilty and sentenced him to death.

The Kansas Supreme Court upheld Kahler’s death sentence, rejecting his argument that the failure to allow him to raise an insanity defense violated the Constitution. The U.S. Supreme Court agreed to hear the case in March.

In his brief on the merits, Kahler contends that it has long been established that a mentally ill person who commits a crime without understanding that his actions are wrong is not morally responsible for those actions and therefore should not be held criminally responsible. The importance of this rule, he suggests, can be seen in the fact that, until 1979, every jurisdiction in the United States allowed an insanity defense. Today, he continues, 45 states, the federal government, the U.S. military and the District of Columbia all allow a mentally ill defendant to assert an insanity defense.

But under Kansas law, Kahler argues, it doesn’t matter whether an insane defendant understands that what he is doing is wrong. The only question is whether he intended to commit the crime, which is a much lower bar. Therefore, Kahler posits, “so long as a defendant intentionally kills another human being—even if he delusionally believes the devil told him to do it, or that the victim was an enemy soldier trying to kill him,” he can be convicted of murder even if he is insane. Such an approach is not the equivalent of offering an insanity defense, Kahler maintains. Rather, he predicts, the state’s rule will “shrink the class of defendants who might be acquitted as a result of mental disease or defect almost to the vanishing point.”

Removing such a fundamental principle from the criminal justice system, Kahler maintains, violates the 14th Amendment’s due process clause, which was enacted to protect exactly these kinds of basic principles. Kansas’ rule also violates the Eighth Amendment’s ban on cruel and unusual punishment because, “by convicting and punishing people who are not blameworthy, cannot be deterred, and require incapacitation and rehabilitation that the criminal justice system cannot provide,” it doesn’t advance any of the justifications for punishment – such as deterrence or retribution. Indeed, Kahler notes, at the time the Eighth Amendment was adopted, it was widely regarded as cruel and unusual to impose criminal punishments on the insane.

Kahler acknowledges that the Supreme Court normally gives the states a fair amount of latitude in how they structure their criminal justice systems, and he concedes that states can “tweak” a baseline standard that hinges on whether the defendant knows that his actions were wrong. States can also require defendants to show that they are insane, perhaps even beyond a reasonable doubt, but they can’t get rid of the insanity defense altogether.

Kansas frames the issue very differently, telling the justices that the state has simply “redefined,” rather than “abolished” the insanity defense. Although a defendant cannot raise insanity as an affirmative defense to accusations of a crime, the jury can still consider evidence of mental illness in determining whether the defendant could have intended to commit the crime.

Kansas next contends that Kahler is wrong when he argues that an insanity defense based on the inability to know the difference between right and wrong was so well established that it is the kind of fundamental practice protected by the Constitution’s due process clause. For many years, insanity was based on a lack of intent to commit a crime; it was only in the 19th century that the kind of insanity defense that Kahler now says is required by the Constitution developed as a test. But even in the years since then, Kansas stresses, lawyers, lawmakers and mental health professionals have continued to argue for the rule that Kansas eventually adopted in 1995, focusing on whether the defendant had the intent to commit the crime.

Nothing in the Constitution, Kansas continues, requires any “one particular approach to insanity. Instead,” the state argues, “given the complex legal, religious, moral, philosophical, and medical questions involved, States have the freedom to determine whether, and to what extent, mental illness should excuse criminal behavior.” Although Kahler contends that the Constitution should allow a defense based on the idea that a defendant is morally blameless, the state writes, such an argument simply “begs the question of who is morally blameless.” Here, the state explains, it “has reasonably determined that individuals who voluntarily and intentionally kill another human being are culpable, even if they do not recognize their actions are morally wrong. After all,” the state observes, “terrorists who kill in the name of religion may sincerely believe that their actions are morally justified or even morally required, but they are still culpable.”

Kansas urges the justices to refrain from deciding whether Kansas law violates the Eighth Amendment’s ban on cruel and unusual punishment, because the Kansas Supreme Court did not address the question. But in any event, the state tells the justices, the text of the Eighth Amendment only bars some kinds of punishments; it does not require the states to “adopt certain affirmative defenses to criminal convictions in the first place.” Nor is Kansas’ system cruel and unusual, the state emphasizes: There is no conflict between an approach that focuses on whether the defendant intended to commit the crime and the purposes of punishment, and in fact Kansas’ approach removes the stigma that is sometimes associated with an insanity defense.

Finally, the state suggests that any differences between its approach and an insanity defense based on knowing the difference between right and wrong are essentially irrelevant in Kahler’s case, because he would not have been able to show that he was insane under any test. “Kahler’s own expert was unable to conclude that Kahler is insane,” the state asserts. Instead, the expert told the jury only that Kahler could not control his actions, and Kahler did not provide any other evidence demonstrating that he did not know the difference between right and wrong.

Kansas is one of only five states that have abolished the insanity defense, so a ruling for Kahler may not have a widespread effect. On the other hand, a ruling for Kansas might prompt more states to consider abolishing the insanity defense and adopting a rule similar to the Kansas law. We’ll have a better sense of where the justices – and the state of the insanity defense – might be headed after next week’s oral argument.

This post was originally published at Howe on the Court.

The post Argument preview: Justices to hear challenge to lack of insanity defense appeared first on SCOTUSblog.

from Law https://www.scotusblog.com/2019/09/argument-preview-justices-to-hear-challenge-to-lack-of-insanity-defense/ via http://www.rssmix.com/

#law #justice

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cynthiabryanuk · 6 years

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Schools in Leicester and Leicestershire verified closed today due to the fact that of snow

A number of schools in Leicester and Leicestershire have actually validated they are shut today.Heavy snow yesterday suggests that lots of side roadways stay blockaded today-although many main roadways are back to normal.Gritters have been working all the time to try and fix the issue, however they rely on vehicles to spread the grit, and most drivers wisely decided to remain at home. Video Loading Video Unavailable Click to play Tap to play The

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ones we & rsquo;re knowledgeable about so

far.

View gallery Babington Academy Woolden Hill Main, Anstey Thurnby Lodge Main

Hamilton Academy

Countesthorpe Leysland Community College

Dorothy Goodman SEN Academy

Wigston College

Wigston Academy

King Edward VII Science and Sport College, Coalville

Find out more

Meadow View Farm School

Madani Schools

Captains Close Primary, Asfordby

Huncote Main

Winstanley School

Ellesmere College

St Hartulph’s CE Main, Breedon-on-the-Hill

Lancaster Academy

Broomfield Primary, East Goscote

Merrydale Junior School, Leicester

Sileby Redlands Neighborhood Main School

Braunstone Community Primary School

Whitehall Main School, Leicester

Hugglescote Primary School

Barlestone CofE Main School

Church Hill Infants School, Thurmaston

Oakfield Short Stay School, Blaby

Al Aqsa School, Leicester

Wreake Valley Academy, Syston

Menphys Nursery Schools, Wigstone and Sketchley Hill

Willesley Primary School, Ashby

Brookvale Groby Learning School

Judgemeadow Community College, Evington

Inglehurst Junior School, Leicester

Kibworth CofE Primary

Griffydam Primary School, Coalville

Parkland Primary School, Wigston

Beaumont Leys Secondary School

Woodstock Main Academy, Leicester

Falcons Main School, Leicester

Grove Primary School, Melton Mowbray

Gartree High School, Oadby

Ivanhoe Primary School, Ashby

Humberstone Infants School

Northfield Main Academy

Humberstone Junior School

Shenton Primary School

Thythorn Field Main School, Wigston

Stafford Leys Primary School, Leicester Forest East

St Thomas More Catholic Voluntary Academy, Leicester

Highgate Main School, Sileby

Dove Bank Primary School, Nailstone

St Winifride’s Catholic Academy, Shepshed

South Wigston High School

King Richard III Infant School, Leicester

Mowmacre Hill Primary School, Leicester

Beaumont Leys School

Houghton on the Hill Primary School

West Gate School, Leicester

Leicester College

Krishna Avanti Main School, Leicester

Manor High School, Oadby

Marriott Main School, Leicester

Judgemeadow Neighborhood College, Leicester

Noah’s Ark Playgroup, Coalville

Entrance College, Hamilton

Hallaton Cof E Main School

Regent College, Leicester

Manorfield, Cof E Primary School, Stoney Stanton

Sherrier CofE Main School, Lutterworth

Mellor Neighborhood Primary School, Leicester

St Mary’s CofE Primary School, Hinckley

Lia Main School and Lia Gems, Leicester

Woodstock Primary School, Leicester

Ibstock Community College

All Saints CofE Primary School, Coalville

Land of Knowing Nursery and Primary School, Evington

Sparkenhoe Main School, Leicester

The Kibworth School

The Grove Primary School, Melton Mowbray

St John the Baptist CofE, Whitwick

Merrydale Junior School, Leicester

Limehurst Academy, Loughborough

Hamilton CE Primary School

Richard Hill CE Main School, Thurcaston

ALP Leicester, Birstall

All Saints Primary School, Sapcote and Sharnford

Overdale Infants and Junior School

Soar Valley College, Leicester

Caldecote Community Main School

Martin High School, Anstey

Birkett Home School, Wigston

English Martyrs, Anstey Lane

Heath Lane Academy, Earl Shilton

Sheepy Magna CE Primary

Iveshead School, Shepshed

St Paul’s Catholic School, Evington

Loughborough CE Primary School

Belgrave St Peter’s CE Primary School, Leicester

Source

http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/news/leicester-news/schools-leicester-leicestershire-shut-snow-906508

from http://taxi.nearme.host/schools-in-leicester-and-leicestershire-verified-closed-today-due-to-the-fact-that-of-snow/

from NOVACAB - Blog http://novacabtaxi.weebly.com/blog/schools-in-leicester-and-leicestershire-verified-closed-today-due-to-the-fact-that-of-snow

0 notes

kevingbakeruk · 6 years

Text

Schools in Leicester and Leicestershire verified closed today due to the fact that of snow

video will start in Cancel Play now Here are the

ones we & rsquo;re knowledgeable about so

far.

View gallery Babington Academy Woolden Hill Main, Anstey Thurnby Lodge Main

Hamilton Academy

Countesthorpe Leysland Community College

Dorothy Goodman SEN Academy

Wigston College

Wigston Academy

King Edward VII Science and Sport College, Coalville

Find out more

Meadow View Farm School

Madani Schools

Captains Close Primary, Asfordby

Huncote Main

Winstanley School

Ellesmere College

St Hartulph’s CE Main, Breedon-on-the-Hill

Lancaster Academy

Broomfield Primary, East Goscote

Merrydale Junior School, Leicester

Sileby Redlands Neighborhood Main School

Braunstone Community Primary School

Whitehall Main School, Leicester

Hugglescote Primary School

Barlestone CofE Main School

Church Hill Infants School, Thurmaston

Oakfield Short Stay School, Blaby

Al Aqsa School, Leicester

Wreake Valley Academy, Syston

Menphys Nursery Schools, Wigstone and Sketchley Hill

Willesley Primary School, Ashby

Brookvale Groby Learning School

Judgemeadow Community College, Evington

Inglehurst Junior School, Leicester

Kibworth CofE Primary

Griffydam Primary School, Coalville

Parkland Primary School, Wigston

Beaumont Leys Secondary School

Woodstock Main Academy, Leicester

Falcons Main School, Leicester

Grove Primary School, Melton Mowbray

Gartree High School, Oadby

Ivanhoe Primary School, Ashby

Humberstone Infants School

Northfield Main Academy

Humberstone Junior School

Shenton Primary School

Thythorn Field Main School, Wigston

Stafford Leys Primary School, Leicester Forest East

St Thomas More Catholic Voluntary Academy, Leicester

Highgate Main School, Sileby

Dove Bank Primary School, Nailstone

St Winifride’s Catholic Academy, Shepshed

South Wigston High School

King Richard III Infant School, Leicester

Mowmacre Hill Primary School, Leicester

Beaumont Leys School

Houghton on the Hill Primary School

West Gate School, Leicester

Leicester College

Krishna Avanti Main School, Leicester

Manor High School, Oadby

Marriott Main School, Leicester

Judgemeadow Neighborhood College, Leicester

Noah’s Ark Playgroup, Coalville

Entrance College, Hamilton

Hallaton Cof E Main School

Regent College, Leicester

Manorfield, Cof E Primary School, Stoney Stanton

Sherrier CofE Main School, Lutterworth

Mellor Neighborhood Primary School, Leicester

St Mary’s CofE Primary School, Hinckley

Lia Main School and Lia Gems, Leicester

Woodstock Primary School, Leicester

Ibstock Community College

All Saints CofE Primary School, Coalville

Land of Knowing Nursery and Primary School, Evington

Sparkenhoe Main School, Leicester

The Kibworth School

The Grove Primary School, Melton Mowbray

St John the Baptist CofE, Whitwick

Merrydale Junior School, Leicester

Limehurst Academy, Loughborough

Hamilton CE Primary School

Richard Hill CE Main School, Thurcaston

ALP Leicester, Birstall

All Saints Primary School, Sapcote and Sharnford

Overdale Infants and Junior School

Soar Valley College, Leicester

Caldecote Community Main School

Martin High School, Anstey

Birkett Home School, Wigston

English Martyrs, Anstey Lane

Heath Lane Academy, Earl Shilton

Sheepy Magna CE Primary

Iveshead School, Shepshed

St Paul’s Catholic School, Evington

Loughborough CE Primary School

Belgrave St Peter’s CE Primary School, Leicester

Source

http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/news/leicester-news/schools-leicester-leicestershire-shut-snow-906508

from TAXI NEAR ME http://taxi.nearme.host/schools-in-leicester-and-leicestershire-verified-closed-today-due-to-the-fact-that-of-snow/

from NOVACAB https://novacabtaxi.tumblr.com/post/179881989036

0 notes

allbestnet · 8 years

Text

Top 200 Books 1990-2000

Infinite Jest (1996) by David Foster Wallace

American Psycho (1991) by Bret Easton Ellis

Harry Potter (1997) by J.K. Rowling

A Song of Ice and Fire (1996) by George R.R. Martin

Blindness (1995) by Jose Saramago

The Perks of Being a Wallflower (1999) by Stephen Chbosky

House of Leaves (2000) by Mark Z. Danielewski

A Fine Balance (1995) by Rohinton Mistry

Fight Club (1996) by Chuck Palahniuk

Giver (1993) by Lois Lowry

Good Omens (1990) by Terry Pratchett

The God of Small Things (1997) by Arundhati Roy

The Green Mile (1996) by Stephen King

The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle (1994) by Haruki Murakami

Trainspotting (1993) by Irvine Welsh

The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay (2000) by Michael Chabon

Holes (1998) by Louis Sachar

Cryptonomicon (1999) by Neil Stephenson

Memoirs of a Geisha (1997) by Arthur Golden

Jurassic Park (1990) by Michael Crichton

The Book of the New Sun (1994) by Gene Wolfe

The Secret History (1992) by Donna Tartt

Birdsong (1993) by Sebastian Faulks

Calvin and Hobbes (1993) by Bill Watterson

Tuesdays With Morrie (1997) by Mitch Albom

Angela's Ashes (1996) by Frank McCourt

High Fidelity (1995) by Nick Hornby

Snow Crash (1992) by Neal Stephenson

Oh, the Places You'll Go! (1990) by Dr. Seuss

The Virgin Suicides (1993) by Jeffrey Eugenides

Redeeming Love (1991) by Francine Rivers

The Shipping News (1993) by E. Annie Proulx

Underworld (1997) by Don DeLillo

Battle Royale (1999) by Koushun Takami

Bridget Jones's Diary (1996) by Helen Fielding

The Poisonwood Bible (1998) by Barbara Kingsolver

Guns, Germs, and Steel (1997) by Jared Diamond

The Blind Assassin (2000) by Margaret Atwood

A Suitable Boy (1993) by Vikram Seth

Notebook (1996) by Nicholas Sparks

A Walk to Remember (1999) by Nicholas Sparks

The Sandman (1996) by Neil Gaiman

Speak (1999) by Laurie Halse Anderson

The Beach (1996) by Alex Garland

Cold Mountain (1997) by Charles Frazier

The English Patient (1992) by Michael Ondaatje

Outlander (1991) by Diana Gabaldon

Possession: A Romance (1990) by A.S. Byatt

Neverwhere (1996) by Neil Gaiman

We (1993) by Yevgeny Zamyatin

Stardust (1999) by Neil Gaiman

The Red Tent (1997) by Anita Diamant

The Dresden Files (2000) by Jim Butcher

The Diamond Age (1995) by Neal Stephenson

Kingdom Come (1996) by Mark Waid

Into Thin Air (1997) by Jon Krakauer

White Teeth (2000) by Zadie Smith

Guess How Much I Love You (1994) by Sam McBratney

Interpreter of Maladies (1999) by Jhumpa Lahiri

Into the Wild (1996) by Jon Krakauer

Ender's Shadow (1999) by Orson Scott Card

The Reader (1995) by Benhardq Schlink

Ella Enchanted (1997) by Gail Carson Levine

Disgrace (1999) by J.M. Coetzee

American Pastoral (1997) by Philip Roth

Firm (1991) by John Grisham

On Writing (2000) by Stephen King

The Tipping Point (2000) by Malcolm Gladwell

I Know This Much Is True (1998) by Wally Lamb

A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again (1997) by David Foster Wallace

The Demon-Haunted World (1997) by Carl Sagan

Pelican Brief (1992) by John Grisham

Sophie's World (1991) by Jostein Gaarder

The Coldest Winter Ever (1999) by Sister Souljah

In the Time of the Butterflies (1994) by Julia Alvarez

Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil (1994) by John Berendt

Invisible Monsters (1999) by Chuck Palahniuk

Long Walk to Freedom (1995) by Nelson Mandela

Falling Up (1996) by Shel Silverstein

The Human Stain (2000) by Philip Roth

Me Talk Pretty One Day (2000) by David Sedaris

Motherless Brooklyn (1999) by Jonathan Lethem

The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (1997) by Jean-Dominique Bauby

A Walk in the Woods (1998) by Bill Bryson

Kitchen Confidential (2000) by Anthony Bourdain

Perfect Storm (1997) by Sebastian Junger

Bag of Bones (1998) by Stephen King

The Hot Zone (1997) by Richard Preston

Naked (1997) by David Sedaris

Runaway Jury (1996) by John Grisham

Captain Corelli's Mandolin (1994) by Louis de Bernieres

Ishmael (1992) by Daniel Quinn

Thousand Acres (1991) by Jane Smiley

The Pact (1998) by Jodi Picoult

Client (1993) by John Grisham

The Savage Detectives (1998) by Roberto Bolano

The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down (1998) by Anne Fadiman

All the Pretty Horses (1992) by Cormac McCarthy

Timeline (1999) by Michael Crichton

Walk Two Moons (1994) by Sharon Creech

Girl, Interrupted (1993) by Susanna Kaysen

The Sparrow (1996) by Mary Doria Russell

Dolores Claiborne (1992) by Stephen King

Under the Skin (2000) by Michel Faber

Message in a Bottle (1998) by Nicholas Sparks

Because of Winn-Dixie (2000) by Kate DiCamillo

Push (1996) by Sapphire

Rich Dad Poor Dad (2000) by Robert Kiyosaki

White Oleander (1999) by Janet Fitch

Stargirl (2000) by Jerry Spinelli

Snow Falling on Cedars (1994) by David Guterson

Fatherland (1992) by Robert Harris

The Rum Diary (1998) by Hunter S. Thompson

Liar's Poker (1990) by Michael Lewis

Without Remorse (1993) by Tom Clancy

Rainmaker (1995) by John Grisham

The Hours (1998) by Michael Cunningham

Survivor (1999) by Chuck Palahniuk

The True Confessions of Charlotte Doyle (1990) by Avi

Who Moved My Cheese? (1998) by Spencer Johnson

The Children of Men (1992) by P.D. James

Behind the Scenes at the Museum (1995) by Kate Atkinson

The Prestige (1995) by Christopher Priest

A Fire Upon the Deep (1992) by Vernor Vinge

Gates of Fire (1998) by Steven Pressfield

Resident Evil (1998) by S.D. Perry

Lesson Before Dying (1993) by Ernest J. Gaines

LA Confidential (1990) by James Ellroy

Freak the Mighty (1993) by Rodman Philbrick

Angels & Demons (2000) by Dan Brown

300 (1998) by Frank Miller

Flags of Our Fathers (2000) by James Bradley

The Watsons Go to Birmingham - 1963 (1995) by Christopher Paul Curtis

Kitchen God's Wife (1991) by Amy Tan

Enduring Love (1997) by Ian McEwan

Veronika Decides to Die (1998) by Paulo Coelho

Needful Things (1991) by Stephen King

Girl with a Pearl Earring (1999) by Tracy Chevalier

My Name is Red (1998) by Orhan Pamuk

Understanding Comics (1993) by Scott McCloud

Lost World (1995) by Michael Crichton

Revelation Space (2000) by Alastair Reynolds

Someone Like You (1998) by Sarah Dessen

The Mythical Man-Month (1995) by Frederick Brooks

About a Boy (1998) by Nick Hornby

Cirque du Freak (2000) by Darren Shan

Doomsday Book (1992) by Connie Willis

Sin City (2000) by

Street Lawyer (1998) by John Grisham

DC vs. Marvel (1996) by

Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West (1995) by Gregory Maguire

King Leopold's Ghost (1998) by Adam Hochschild

Alias Grace (1996) by Margaret Atwood

Haroun and the Sea of Stories (1990) by Salman Rushdie

Bastard Out of Carolina (1992) by Dorothy Allison

Pale Blue Dot (1994) by Carl Sagan

Standing for Something (2000) by Gordon B. Hinckley

Insomnia (1994) by Stephen King

Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood (1996) by Rebecca Wells

Dance Dance Dance (1994) by Haruki Murakami

The Thief of Always (1992) by Clive Barker

Chinese Cinderella (1999) by Adeline Yen Mah

Testament (1999) by John Grisham

Celestine Prophecy (1993) by James Redfield

The Bell Curve (1994) by Charles Murray

Hearts in Atlantis (1999) by Stephen King

A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius (2000) by Dave Eggers

Tigana (1990) by Guy Gavriel Kay

Lies My Teacher Told Me (1995) by James Loewen

Rainbow Six (1998) by Tom Clancy

Mars trilogy (1993) by Kim Stanley Robinson

Miss Smilla's Feeling for Snow (1992) by Peter Hoeg

True History of the Ned Kelly Gang (2000) by Peter Carey

Batman: Knightfall (1994) by

Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six (1998) by Tom Clancy

Sum of All Fears (1991) by Tom Clancy

The Clash of Civilizations (1996) by Samuel P. Huntington

Debt of Honor (1994) by Tom Clancy

The Crow Road (1992) by Iain Banks

Northern Lights (1995) by Philip Pullman

Desperation (1996) by Stephen King

Dark Visions Trilogy (1995) by L.J. Smith

The Eye of the World (1990) by Robert Jordan

Fever 1793 (2000) by Laurie Halse Anderson

Black Hawk Down (1999) by Mark Bowden

The Story of Tracy Beaker (1991) by Jacqueline Wilson

Digital Fortress (1998) by Dan Brown

Vineland (1990) by Thomas Pynchon

Hogfather (1996) by Terry Pratchett

Hannibal (1999) by Thomas Harris

Nightfall (1990) by Isaac Asimov

Sputnik Sweetheart (1999) by Haruki Murakami

Stormbreaker (2000) by Anthony Horowitz

The Freedom Writers Diary (1999) by Erin Gruwell

The Rings of Saturn (1995) by WG Sebald

Esperanza Rising (2000) by Pam Munoz Ryan

A Course in Miracles (1996) by Helen Schucman

Imajica (1991) by Clive Barker

Independence Day (1995) by Richard Ford

#top books #1990-2000 #best #books #reading

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