#Laurent de Lafayette

[nordleuchten]

La Fayette's Servants - Part 1

I have previously made some posts about servants of the La Fayette family, and I felt like this would be a good time to shine some more light onto these people. I originally intended to cover several of the servants in one post since you typically do not find much about their origin, family and age – but in the case of one gentleman this was very different, and I found documents relating to him in not one but two archives. :-)

Jean-Baptiste Machillot Desplaces

Desplaces, as he was commonly referred to, was one of La Fayette’s valet de chambre. I believe that Desplaces was already “somewhat advanced” in age by the time of the American Revolution. I believe so based on editorial notes in La Fayette’s Memoirs and because by the time La Fayette travelled to America, Desplaces appears to have been in the service of the Marquis’ family for some time. Either that or La Fayette very quickly took a shine to Desplaces. But more about their relationship in a bit.

Desplaces had married a woman by the name of Jeanne Pierrette and together they had at least one son (and I believe that this son was their only child). He was born on March 16, 1772 and baptized Marie Paul Joseph Roch (Yves) Machillot Desplaces. He was born in Paris and the archive there holds his birth certificate. In the document it is also noted that the child’s father worked for the Marquis:

Paris Archives, État civil reconstitué (XVIe-1859), Cote 5Mi1 45, p. 19-20, 08/03/2023.

The young Desplaces himself was married on July 1, 1806 to Marie Françoise Fretin, daughter of Pierre Fretin and Gabrielle Clerc, in Matour in the Department of Saône-Et-Loire. The archives there still have the official documents relating to that wedding:

Archives départmentales de Saône-et-Loire, Matour, Publicatiosn de mariage, 1803-1812, p. 101, 142, 08/03/2023.

You have to look closely, but in the handwritten paragraph at the bottom of the page we see that the couple had a child before they married. Their son Pierre Laurent was born on August 31, 1803.

This second document especially gives us some interesting insights. Although Jean-Baptists’ age is nowhere given, we see that he lived as a “rentier” in 1806 in Paris. A rentier is a person who draws their money from investments, such as insurances, contracts, real estate, stock market, shares in companies, investment funds and much more. A rentier often is, though not necessarily, an elderly person who made these investments with their life savings in order to live comfortable in old age.

We also see that the family still lived in Paris and since the young Desplaces was also born there, it raises the question why the marriage was held at Matour. His wife came from the region around Rhône. Maybe the young Desplaces was drawn to Matour by a great job opportunity or something along this line and took his little family with him. Maybe, and this is pure speculation on my part, his family, although now living in Paris, came originally from Matour. Matour is relatively close to Chavaniac, La Fayette’s ancestral home, and this could have contributed how Desplaces came into La Fayette’s employ in the first place.

What was the relationship between Desplaces and La Fayette? Desplaces, although a servant, was someone La Fayette loved very affectionately. Proof of that is not only his language, but also his timing. On May 17, 1777 La Fayette began writing a long letter, trying to explain to his wife Adrienne his actions and motives and trying to apologize for having abandoned her, their infant daughter and their unborn child. It was the first letter he wrote since leaving France. During this tumults and uncertain time La Fayette did not neglect to think of Desplaces. The letter was written in several sitting over the span of six weeks. In his paragraph from June 7, 1777, he writes:

Also let my old friend Desplaces know that I am in good health.

Idzerda Stanley J. et al., editors, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Volume 1, December 7, 1776–March 30, 1778, Cornell University Press, 1977, p. 59.

Then, on October 1, 1777, while recovering from his wound after the Battle of Brandywine, he inquired after Desplaces:

Give news of me also to M. Margelay, Abbe Fayon, and Desplaces.

Idzerda Stanley J. et al., editors, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Volume 1, December 7, 1776–March 30, 1778, Cornell University Press, 1977, p. 118.

And this relationship was not a one-sided one. On December 18, 1777, La Fayette reported to Henry Laurens that he had received a letter form Desplaces:

I received letters from France but indifferent ones. The last one is from a valet de chambre of mine who speaks much about the good health of my family but nothing about war-however you think that such a man can not be as well acquainted with the projects of the Governement as one of my friends could be. He promises me several letters by the same occasion which I did not receive-perhaps they will come. The letter of that valet de chambre is dated the 7 september.

Idzerda Stanley J. et al., editors, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Volume 1, December 7, 1776–March 30, 1778, Cornell University Press, 1977, p. 196.

He also wrote to Adrienne on January 6, 1778:

The other day I received a letter from Desplaces that mentioned an earlier one, but the capriciousness of winds and fleets, not to mention encounters with the English, often disturbs the order of my correspondence. For several days I have been concerned about the Vicomte de Coigny, whom I have heard was getting worse, but that letter from Desplaces, which did not mention him, and which told me that everyone was well, has reassured me. I have also received some others that do not mention his health. When you write to me, dear heart, please send me plenty of news about all the people I love, and even about society.

Idzerda Stanley J. et al., editors, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Volume 1, December 7, 1776–March 30, 1778, Cornell University Press, 1977, p. 225.

In these next to letter to his wife Adrienne, La Fayette’s language in particular make it clear how dear Desplaces was to him. On September 12, 1778 he wrote:

Also greet Abbé Fayon, and say something for me to my dear Desplaces.

Idzerda Stanley J. et al., editors, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Volume 2, April 10, 1778–March 20, 1780, Cornell University Press, 1979, p. 176.

And on October 10, 1780:

Remember me, too, to my good Desplaces.

Idzerda Stanley J. et al., editors, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Volume 4, April 1, 1781–December 23, 1781, Cornell University Press, 1981, p. 196.

There is one last letter where Desplaces gets mentioned by La Fayette. He wrote on October 10, 1784 during his third stay in America:

As for the minor domestic arrangements, I hope you will have brought my aunt back with you, and you will do well then to get our friend Desplaces established.

Idzerda Stanley J. et al., editors, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Volume 5, January 4, 1782‑December 29, 1785, Cornell University Press, 1983, p. 262.

I am honestly a bit at a loss where Adrienne should Desplaces help to establish himself – but it is clear that La Fayette took care of the people in his employ – what leads me to the last point I would like to raise. We already had a look at Desplaces status as a rentier in 1806 and we know that he must have had enough money to make the necessary investments. But working for La Fayette generally must have paid off for in 1778 Desplaces was able to lend the sum of 4000 Francs to a Monsieur Le Maire for one month. When Desplaces did not get his money back after the aforementioned month he turned to Benjamin Franklin for help.

Le nommé J.B. Machillot desplaces Valet de Chambre de Mr. le Mquis. de lafayette suplie Son Exelence d’avoir la bonté de le faire payer de la somme de 400 l.t. qu’il a prêté a Mr. le Maire pour un mois seulement, le tems que Son Exelence devoit lui faire rembourcer les avances qu’il avoit fait pour Elle. Sans le connoître que pour l’avoir vû chez Mdme. La Mquise. de lafayette, J’y ai été de bonne foie en lui accordant la demande qu’il me fit, aprésent je ne peu le ravoir sans le Scour [secours] de Son Exelence. Mdme. La Mquise. de la fayette m’a chargée de vous faire ses complimens. J’ai l’honneur d’être avec un très profond respect Son Exelence Votre très humble et trés obeissant Serviteur

Machillot displaces

“To Benjamin Franklin from Jean-Baptiste Machillot Desplaces, 26 September 1778,” Founders Online, National Archives, [Original source: The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, vol. 27, July 1 through October 31, 1778, ed. Claude A. Lopez. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1988, pp. 465–466.] (08/04/2023)

And even if the loan was intended as a short term one and Desplaces definitely wanted the money back, it is nevertheless quite telling that Desplaces was in a position to lend Le Maire such a large sum.

I have no information about Desplaces life during and shortly after the French Revolution or how he reacted to La Fayette’s flight and imprisonment, but the families servants in general and as a whole proofed to be very loyal and Adrienne tried her utmost to do right by them, even as her own family was struggling. And if Desplaces felt for La Fayette like the Marquis evidently felt for Desplaces, he must have been touched by the families hardships.

[gogmstuff]

1790s dresses - Some dresses belong in the French court of Marie Antoinette while others show Greco-Roman influence.

Top  1790 Marianne Dorothy Harland, Later Mrs. William Dalrymple by Richard Cosway (location ?). From tumblr.com/sims4rococo76; fixed edges, sots, & flaws w Pshop 1280X989.

Second row  1790 Presumed portrait of the Marquise de Lafayette by Adélaïde Labille-Guiard (National Museum of Women in the Arts - Washington, DC, USA). From Wikimedia 2564X3175.

Third row  ca. 1790 Marquise de Grécourt, née de la Fresnaye by Jean Laurent Mosnier (auctioned by Christie's). From their Web site 951X1186.

Fourth row  1791 Mme. de Genlis playing a harp by François Guérin (location ?). From books0977.tumblr.com/image/88627828797 797X900.

Fifth row  1794 Catherine Grey, Lady Manners by Sir Thomas Lawrence (Cleveland Museum of Art - Cleveland, Ohio, USA). From their Web site 2774X4495 @150 14.1Mj.

Sixth row left  1794 Elizabeth Holland avec son fils by Louis Gauffier (Musée Fabre - Montpellier, Hérault, Occitanie, France). From Wikimedia 2739X3483.

Sixth row right  1795 Elizabeth, Lady Webster by Louis Gauffier (Christie's -  Live auction 14277 Lot 51). From their Web site. From their Web site; fixed spots & flaws w Pshop 4026X3032.

Seventh row  ca. 1795 Anne, Duchess of Cumberland by Sir Martin Archer Shee (private collection), From tumblr.com/fashion-inspiration-s; fixed spots w Pshop 2048X2852 @72 984kj.

Eighth row left  1795 Madame Fravega by Antoine-Jean Gros (Musée des beaux-arts de Marseille - Marseille, Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France). From Wikimedia; fixed spots w Pshop and cropped 1544X1555.

Eighth row right  ca. 1796 Madame Boyer-Fonfrède and Son by François-André Vincent (location ?). From tumblr.com/silverfoxstole; fixed spots & blurred background w Pshop 730X888.

[lapanachestyle]

Check out this listing I just added to my Poshmark closet: YSL Saint Laurent Tan Crossbody Tote Satchel Sac de Jour Large NWOT 14x10.

[scottie-in-paris]

Day SIX!!! So sad to say that this was my last full day in Paris, France. It was fun because I was able to end it on a bang. I got to go to the YSL foundation to see the transparent closing that Yves Saint Laurent created. It was a magnificent sight to see because I never thought I would see any of these pieces in real life. After going to the foundation I went with my professor and tour guide to a local restauraunt in a mall and had a French Onion Soup for the first time! It was sooooo good.

After we ate we heard stories of life here in France. Dreams to travel to another place, and what we wish to do and what we want to be. We got the chance to explore the different stores and how the malls are very different from the malls here in the US. While we were exploring we went to a Uniqlo store to get some clothes for a good price, and it was awesome! As we got closer to an appointment we headed to the galleries Lafayette to see a fashion show to talk about what is in style and what's trending here in France.

Finally as the night went on and on we went to Las Noces de Jeanette to try escargot for the first time French style and sample some wine. Unfortunately my group downed all 6 bottles before I got there. As we finished I went back to the hotel group while many others went out clubbing to wake up at 3 in the morning to catch my plane back home.

[parisholiday-blog]

From Street Markets to High Fashion: Exploring Paris's Diverse Shopping Scene

New Post has been published on https://ohparis.com/what-to-do-in-paris/shopping/2730/from-street-markets-to-high-fashion-exploring-pariss-diverse-shopping-scene/

From Street Markets to High Fashion: Exploring Paris's Diverse Shopping Scene

Introduction

Paris, the capital city of France, is renowned for its rich history, stunning architecture, delicious cuisine, and of course, its diverse shopping scene. From charming street markets to high-end fashion boutiques, Paris offers a wide range of shopping experiences for locals and tourists alike.

Street Markets

One of the best ways to experience the local culture and find unique items is by visiting one of Paris’s many street markets. Markets like the Marché aux Puces de Saint-Ouen and Marché d’Aligre offer a variety of goods including antiques, vintage clothing, fresh produce, and artisanal crafts. Strolling through the bustling stalls, visitors can haggle with vendors, sample local delicacies, and soak up the vibrant atmosphere.

Department Stores

For a more upscale shopping experience, visitors can explore Paris’s luxurious department stores such as Galeries Lafayette and Le Bon Marché. These iconic stores offer a wide range of designer brands, beauty products, home goods, and gourmet food items. With their grand architecture and stunning displays, department stores in Paris are not only shopping destinations but also cultural landmarks.

Designer Boutiques

For those looking for the latest trends and exclusive designer pieces, Paris is home to some of the most prestigious fashion houses in the world. From Chanel and Dior to Louis Vuitton and Saint Laurent, the city boasts a plethora of high-end boutiques where fashion enthusiasts can indulge in luxury shopping experiences. Whether browsing the latest collections or seeking personalized styling advice, designer boutiques in Paris offer a truly glamorous shopping experience.

Concept Stores

In recent years, Paris has seen a rise in the popularity of concept stores that offer a curated selection of fashion, art, design, and lifestyle products. Stores like Merci and Colette have gained international acclaim for their innovative approach to retail, blending fashion with art, music, and culture. These concept stores provide a platform for emerging designers and artists, making them the go-to destinations for those looking for unique and cutting-edge products.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Paris’s diverse shopping scene offers something for everyone, from quaint street markets to high-end designer boutiques. Whether you’re searching for vintage treasures, luxury fashion, or avant-garde creations, the city has it all. By exploring Paris’s shopping districts, visitors can immerse themselves in the vibrant cultural landscape of the city and discover the unique charm of each neighborhood. So, whether you’re a fashionista or a casual shopper, Paris is a shopping paradise waiting to be explored.

[colindotpdx]

Paris Bourse de Commerce - Three Centuries: Three Roles

François Pinault seems like a decent billionaire. No great crime behind the great fortune. He ran his father’s wood trading company and started buying and fixing other related companies, then kept buying and fixing; retail, fine wine, luxury brands. He now owns Galeries Lafayette, Fnac, Chateau Latour, Christies, Yves Saint Laurent, Gucci and many others. 

The boy from Brittany did well. His son now runs the businesses and Pinault Senior focuses on his billion dollar contemporary art collection. But billionaires don’t buy art to go on the dining room wall. Art collections on this scale are delivered to Free Trade Zones to avoid sales taxes, held in complex trusts, and exhibited and shared by a web of non-profit foundations. Pinault has a warehouse in Switzerland and already had two major museums in Venice before leasing the Bourse de Commerce in Paris.

This lovely cylindrical building was constructed in 1767 as a Wheat Exchange; the wheat from the plains around Paris was stored in the granary in the attic and the interior courtyard was used for haggling and trading. The beautifully elegant double helix stone stairs are still there that allowed porters going up to avoid the porters coming down. Labour was cheap.

A hundred years later, the place was too small to store the wheat for two million Parisians and the building was assigned to the commodities exchange - the Bourse de Commerce. The restored murals around the rotunda show their vision of France as a global trader on all points of the compass, and the entrance door is topped by statues showing the City of Paris flanked by Trade and Abundance. The whole thing exudes confidence and arrogance.

The building served that role for another hundred years until all the markets were replaced by the digital trading platform, Euronext, in1998. Not so confident and arrogant now.

In 2015, Paris then leased the building to Francois Pinault for another century to house part of his collection of contemporary art. The re-imagining of the space by Japanese architect Tadao Ando, a man the same age as Pinault, is truly spectacular with a massive new concrete circular gallery in the centre.

The entire history of the building has brought together the finest artists, architects, and engineers for over 200 years.

As for the art collection? The main floor was given over to projects by Anri Sala with a massive video installation in the core of the building that contrasts with the 19th century murals and metal and glass dome. The display of selected works from Pinault’s collection is far less interesting except for the animated mouse having an identity crisis by Ryan Gander.

[marq-de-laf]

Now that others could assume the responsibility for bagging the game that he had cornered, Lafayette might well have relaxed and let his fever run a normal course. But it was not in the young Frenchman’s nature to rest if he could stand and move about. Besides, his fever was getting distinctly better. On shaky knees and with quivering hands he attended the dinners that the general officers of the two allied nations exchanged and was himself host at one of the most resplendent of them. Despite their host’s discomfort, his guests ‘passed the afternoon in the greatest happiness and harmony,’ for on that day the news of Barras’s arrival and De Grasse’s return to Chesapeake Bay became general property.

Lafayette In America by Louis Gottschalk, Book 3, pg. 307, not letting a little malaria stop the party.

[double-croche1]

[AGENDA EXPOS] Les musées et galeries vont enfin pouvoir dévoiler toutes leurs expositions à l’issue de leur réouverture à partir du 19 mai. Voici notre sélection avec les dates associées : 19-30/05 : Artavazd Pelechian, Sarah Sze - Fondation Cartier 19/05-12/06 : Bertrand Dezoteux : Le Juste Prix - Fondation Pernod Ricard 19/05-12/06 : Wolfgang Tillmans : lumière du matin - Galerie Chantal Crousel 19/05-12/06 : L'éloge de la main + Roger Catherineau - Les Douches 19/05-26/06 : 30 ans à Paris - Galerie Thaddeus Ropac (Pantin) 19/05-26/06 : Regards hors-champ et paysages - La Fab. 19/05-27/06 : Hubert Duprat - Musée d'Art Moderne 19/05-04/07 : Peintres femmes, 1780-1830 : Naissance d'un combat - Musée du Luxembourg 19/05-04/07 : Sarah Moon - Musée d'Art Moderne 19/05-05/07 : Hito Steyerl. I Will Survive - Centre Pompidou 19/05-11/07 : Ex Africa, présences africaines dans l'art aujourd'hui - Musée du Quai Branly 19/05-18/07 : Olivier Ratsi, Heureux soient les fêlés car ils laisseront passer la lumière - Gaîté Lyrique 19/05-18/07 : Gabrielle Chanel. Manifeste de mode - Palais Galliera 19/05-18/07 : Les origines du monde : l'invention de la nature au XIXe siècle - Musée d'Orsay 19/05-19/07 : Magritte / Renoir. Le surréalisme en plein soleil - Musée de l'Orangerie 19/05-19/07 : Signac, les harmonies colorées - Musée Jacquemart-André 19/05-26/07 : Abbas Kiarostami - Centre Pompidou 19/05-01/08 : Louis de Funès - Cinémathèque 19/05-22/08 : Henri Cartier-Bresson : Le Grand Jeu - Bibliothèque Nationale François Mitterrand 19/05-23/08 : Elles font l'abstraction, une autre histoire de l'abstraction au 20è siècle - Centre Pompidou 19/05-27/08 : Dans la tête de Stéphane Blanquet + Tranchée Racine - Halle Saint-Pierre 19/05-06/09 : Marc Riboud. Histoires possibles - Musée Guimet 19/05-26/09 : Heure bleue de Peder Severin Krøyer - Musée Marmottan Monet 19/05-24/10 : Moriyama, Tomatsu : Tokyo - Maison Européenne de la Photographie 19/05-12/12 : Histoires de photographies - Musée des Arts Décoratifs 19/05-31/12 : Musée Méliès, la magie du cinéma - Cinémathèque 19/05-02/01/22 : Dalí, l'énigme sans fin & Gaudí, architecte de l'imaginaire - Atelier des Lumières 19/05-02/01/22 : Picasso-Rodin - Musée Picasso & Musée Rodin 19/05-22/01/22 : Jean - Cité des sciences et de l'industrie 19/05-13/02/22 : Napoléon ? Encore ! De Marina Abarmović à Yan Pei-Ming - Musée de l'Armée 20/05-13/07 : Kiki Smith : From Inside - Galerie Lelong 20/05-13/07 : Robert Rauschenberg : Photographies - Galerie Lelong (Librairie) 20/05-17/10 : La Mer imaginaire - Fondation Carmignac (Porquerolles) 20/05-31/10 : Salgado Amazônia - Philharmonie 20/05-14/11 : Azzedine Alaïa, Peter Lindbergh - Fondation Azzedine Alaïa 21/05-24/07 : Vive l'Afrique !! Les découvertes d'André Magnin - Galerie du Jour agnès b. 22/05-06/06 : Ecole Kourtrajmé : Hard-Corps - CentQuatre 22/05-20/06 : Bread & Salt - The Community Centre 22/05-24/10 : Anne Imhof, Natures Mortes - Palais de Tokyo 22/05-31/12 : Ouverture - Bourse du Commerce 26/05-03/10 : Wang Bing : l'œil qui marche - Le Bal 27/05-30/09 : Albert Uderzo - Musée Maillol 27/05-30/01/22 : Fake News - Fondation EDF 28/05-19/09 : Napoléon - Grande Halle de la Villette 29/05-01/08 : Energies Désespoirs - CentQuatre 01/06-02/09 : The Power of My Hands / Afrique(s) : artistes femmes - Musée d'Art Moderne 01/06-31/12 : The World of Banksy - Espace Lafayette-Drouot 03/06-19/09 : Eugène Atget : voir Paris - Fondation Henri Cartier-Bresson 03/06-31/10 : Chagall, Modigliani, Soutine… Paris pour école, 1905-1940 - Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme 08/06-29/08 : Michael Schmidt, une autre photographie allemande - Jeu de Paume 09/06-18/07 : Sammy Baloji - Beaux-Arts 09/06-23/08 : James Coleman - Centre Pompidou 15/06-31/10 : Henri Cartier-Bresson : Revoir Paris - Musée Carnavalet 17/06-05/09 : Surface Horizon - Lafayette Anticipations 17/06-05/12 : Yves Saint Laurent : Les coulisses de la haute couture à Lyon - Musée Yves Saint Laurent 21/06-31/07 : Isabelle Cornaro - Fondation Pernod Ricard 06/07-02/01/22 : Damien Hirst, cerisiers en fleurs - Fondation Cartier 10/09-24/01/22 : Boticelli - Musée Jacquemart-André 14/09-30/01/22 : Chefs-d'œuvre photographiques du MoMA - Jeu de Paume 15/09-10/01/22 : Soutine / De Kooning - Musée de l'Orangerie 15/09-16/01/22 : Vivian Maier - Musée du Luxembourg 22/09-22/02/22 : La Collection Mozorov - Fondation Louis Vuitton 28/09-16/01/22 : Enfin le cinéma ! : Arts, images et spectacles en France 1833-1907 - Musée d'Orsay 30/09-24/04/22 : Thierry Mugler : couturissime - Musée des Arts Décoratifs 20/10-02/01/22 : Martin Margiela - Lafayette Anticipations 22/10-22/01/22 : Jonathan Jones : Untitled (transcriptions of country) - Palais de Tokyo Octobre : Sarah Maldoror, Tricontinentale - Palais de Tokyo 11-14/11 : Paris Photo - Grand Palais 17/12-24/07/22 : Hip-Hop 360 - Philharmonie A&B

[carnegiemuseumnaturalhistory]

A Journey to France to Uncover the Mysteries of the Carnegie’s Grand Staircase

The Carnegie Institute has been in existence for 125 years and is one of the greatest architectural buildings ever designed in Pittsburgh. In 1985, Carnegie Institute President Robert Wilburn invited Dr. Cynthia R. Field, the Smithsonian’s Architecture Historian, to assess the artistic value of the museum. He asked, “what do you think is the most valuable specimen or painting in the museum?” She said, “The Building Itself is the Greatest Object of the entire Museum Collection” (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1: Carnegie plaque

The internationally-famous architect, I.M. Pei, who designed the Louvre’s glass pyramid that sits in the Louvre’s central courtyard in Paris, France, opined, “Architecture is the very mirror of life. You only have to cast your eyes on buildings to feel the presence of the past, the spirit of a place; they are the reflection of society.” In 2018, Architecture Digest ranked the Carnegie’s Grand Staircase the 8th best museum staircase in the world. The Grand Staircase was built by the Pittsburgh architectural firm of Alden and Harlow at the apex of America’s Gilded-Age building boom. During my research, I discovered that the architects employed multicolored classic marbles and fossil limestones in the interior design from Algeria, Croatia, Greece, France, Ireland, Italy, and the United States. The commission to build the Grand Staircase in 1907 incorporated two classical French fossil limestones in the columns and pillars, floor tiles, steps, walls, balconies, and water fountains. This monumental Beaux-Arts style staircase is modeled after the L‘Opéra Garnier ‛a Paris, Grand Staircase in France, c. 1875, and was visited by a French Delegation with Andrew Carnegie (Fig. 2). The architecture described as Beaux-Arts was taught at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, from the mid-19th century until 1900. It drew upon the principles of French neoclassicism and used modern building materials, i.e., iron and glass. And as such, it became a preferred architectural style in the United States from 1895 until 1910 in cities such as, Boston, Chicago, New York City, Pittsburgh, and Washington D.C.

Fig. 2: French delegation and Andrew Carnegie

In 2019, The Carnegie’s Grand Staircase and Music Hall Foyer were recognized in the book La pierre de l’Échaillon Une histoire locale, une renommée international for the use of Échaillon jaune (yellow) ornamental stone in the museum’s columns, pillars, and walls (Fig. 3). This book was published by S.P.I.A. (Sauvegarde du Partrimoine Industriel d’Autrefois, a historical society founded by Jean Paul Rey, president) (Fig. 4).  In the book, they describe how a small French village of l’Échaillon, pronounced Esh-ee-own, received recognition for its white marble (a limestone) used by famous French architects in 64 classic buildings and sculptures from 1875 to the early 20th century (Fig. 5).  I first met Jean Paul in October of 2016, when I was invited to give a presentation at an S.P.I.A. meeting on my research on the Carnegie’s l’Échaillon.  The meeting was held in an old schoolhouse in the village of Saint-Quentin-sur-Isère, Département de Isère, in southeast France.

Fig. 3: The Grand Staircase

Fig. 4: Jean Paul Rey and Albert D. Kollar

Fig. 5: Book cover

The French Limestones in the Carnegie’s Architecture

The Carnegie building stones research project progressed significantly, once we obtained the digital images of the architect’s blueprints from the Carnegie Museum of Art’s Architecture Department. With the assistance of my co-authors, Rich Fedosick and Kay Hughes of the Section of Invertebrate Paleontology, we examined the blueprints to understand the architects Marble Index terminology (Fig. 6). Eventually, we were able to interpret and recognize the location of the two French limestones based on the Marble Index letters, E for Échaillon and H for Hauteville. From a nonscientific perspective, the architects considered the Carnegie’s interior stones to be marbles. However, the geological definition of a marble is when a rock defined as a limestone or dolomite is subjected to high heat and pressure from geologic forces forms a metamorphic rock.  The six stones listed in the Marble Index as marbles, are limestones, a sedimentary rock enriched with fossil seashells. The characteristic rudist fossils and yellow color that distinguish the Échaillon stone are found in the 18 pillars and the 22 columns that rise 3.8 meters or 12.5 feet about the Grand Staircase, and in the walls of the Music Hall Foyer (Fig. 7).

Fig. 6: Marble index E and H letters

Fig. 7: Échaillon fossils

The other French limestone used in the Carnegie is Hauteville. This limestone was quarried from the Plateau d’Hauteville in the Ain Department, in eastern France. I visited this quarry in 2016 to investigate the geology of the quarry operation, to uncover evidence of the common fossil snail Nerinea in the quarry rock (Fig. 8), and to learn more about the cultural history of the region (Fig. 9).  The Hauteville limestone was used in the Grand Staircase walls, balcony features, water fountains, vestibule steps, and as floor tiles. Other locations include, the Hall of Sculpture and Hall of Architecture floors, the walls along the grand hallway, the Music Hall vestibule floor, the Founder’s Room vestibule floor, the floor and steps in the Smoking Room (now offices), the Forbes Avenue vestibule entrances to the music hall, carriage drive, and museum and fine arts. Moreover, the Hauteville floor tiles are distributed throughout the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh main entrance corridors. The Hauteville stone is beige in color and contains many visible fossils, none more distinctive than the robust Nerinea, a 12.7 cm/5-inch-long snail that serves as the index fossil for the limestone identification (Fig. 10).

Fig. 8: Hauteville Quarry fossil snail

Fig. 9: Hauteville directional signs

Fig. 10: Nerinea snail in Carnegie floor

Introduction to the l’Échaillon Carrières

There are three carrières or quarries in the Vercors cliffs located in the Isère River Valley that were excavated for White Echaillon or “Echaillon blanc,” Yellow Echaillon or “Echaillon jaune,” and Pink Echaillon or “Echaillon rose” during the 19th and early 20th century (Fig. 11).  These unique color combinations became popular for various interior and exterior architecture features in 194 buildings in western Europe, North Africa, and the United States. In 2016, Jean Paul Rey and members of S.P.I.A. led me on a field trip to the abandoned classic l’Échaillon white quarries (Fig. 12). We explored what is thought to be a 2,000-year-old Roman quarry and walked through a maze of underground caverns and narrow tunnels that contained abandoned mining equipment.  The other two Echaillon carrières are located several kilometers south in the small villages of Lignet, where the Pink Echaillon was quarried (Fig. 13) and Rovon, where the Yellow Echaillon was excavated (Fig. 14).

Fig. 11: Echaillon quarries locations, S.P.I.A.

Fig. 12: Visit to Echaillon

Fig. 13: Lignet Quarry Marker

Fig. 14: Rovon quarry

Cularo, Grenoble, and the white l’Echaillon stone

A fortuitous discovery was made by S.P.I.A. for their book while searching for evidence of the white l’Echaillon in the Gallo-Romans era 4th century Cularo or Grenoble, France today. In the Saint Laurent crypt that is preserved many meters below the modern-day street level tramway, a white capitol on top of a white limestone column was identified as l’Echaillon. This white capitol stone is presumably from the Roman quarry adjacent to the white l’Echaillon underground caverns. When Emperor Gratian ruled the Roman Empire from 367 to 383 A.D., he renamed Cularo after himself. Cularo thus became Gratianopolis, which through a later phonetic shift became Graignovol and then Grenoble. Although hard to find among the narrow streets and passageways of Grenoble, is a section of a Roman wall that once encircled Cularo, a portion of which is protected by a fence. This historic wall can be seen at Passage Sainte-Claire on the corner of Rue Lafayette, in the central city of Grenoble (Fig. 15). I suspect some of the white cobbles embedded in the wall may have their origin from the white l’Echaillon Roman quarry. Undoubtedly, more research will be necessary to make an affirmative conclusion.

Fig. 15: Roman wall

“Geology of the l’Échaillon Carrières”

The drawing of a new geologic map on the l’Echaillon carrières by Professor Thierry Dumont of the Université Grenoble-Alpes, confirms stratigraphically, the ages of the three limestone quarries. Among the three, the white Echaillon limestone is late Jurassic in age, whereas the pink Lignet and yellow Rovon limestones are early Cretaceous in age. The formal geologic name for the rose and yellow limestones is the Urgonian Formation. Fossils are abundant in the three limestones. Dr. Claudie Durand of Le musèum d’Histoire naturelle de Grenoble (Fig. 16) curated a diverse collection of 163 species of invertebrate fossils from l’Echaillon first published in 1919. Geologically, the three limestones were deposited in the tropical Tethys Seaway a circum-equatorial ocean of the Mesozoic Era. The strata form the Vercors carbonate platform, a buildup of late Mesozoic rudist (bivalve mollusk) reefs spanning 25 million years of evolution from (late Jurassic 140 million years ago to early Cretaceous 165 million years ago) (Fig. 17).  

Fig. 16: Dr. Claudie Durand

Fig. 17: Rudist (bivalve) reef fossils

The Rovon carrière provenance and fossils

The primary goal of this research is to define the geology and authenticate the specific provenance of all marbles, fossil limestones, sandstones, and the singular igneous granite rock used in the Carnegie building. The search for the provenance of the Carnegie’s yellow Echaillon was initiated in December of 2017 by Jean Paul Rey, when we were introduced to the Forman of the modern-day Rovon quarry. After a long discussion about our objectives, he granted permission to visit the old quarry. As darkness fell, we met with a local farmer who directed us to the quarry location in the Vercors cliffs that rise some 538 meters above his snow-covered field (Fig. 18).  

Fig. 18: Verors cliffs and old Rovon quarry

In October of 2018, the S.P.I.A. team pre-arranged to have several 4-wheel trucks transport ten people including Professor Fabienne Giraud-Guillot of the Université Grenoble-Alpes to the Rovon quarry. We ascended the long steep road that ended some 500 m from the main quarry. Surprisingly, the quarry was filled with massive limestone boulders that were cut by mechanical wire saws from the cliff rock (Fig. 19). Such large boulders make it virtually impossible to break with small hammers. For actual fossil collecting purposes, it is better to search for smaller size rocks to break apart (Fig. 20). This past October, transport to the Rovon quarry riding in a 55-year-old Russian built farm tractor was a treat (Fig. 21). And the fossil collecting was a success with 21 complete specimens collected for the museum of the diagnostic Caprina rudist bivalve clam (Fig. 22). The shape of these fossils closely resembles the fossils preserved in the Echaillon limestone in the Grand Staircase and Music Hall Foyer. Additional geologic data is being reviewed by colleagues from the Geology Department at the University of Zagreb in Croatia and the University of Ireland at Galway.  

Fig. 19: S.P.I.A. team

Fig. 20: Collecting fossils

Fig. 21: Russian tractor

Fig. 22: Caprina rudist clam

“Carnegie’s Grand Staircase in the 21st Century”

A study published this month by the BMJ, formerly The British Medical Journal, suggested that “when people of all ages participate in the arts and visit museums once a month or even every few months, they are likely to be more engaged in the world and may actually live longer.” Years ago, the Oscar winner actor Russell Crowe was in Pittsburgh, and he was asked what he did on his days off. In reply, he said, “I ride my bicycle to look at buildings and the architecture of the city.” I. M. Pei states, “Architecture brings people together.” I agree.

Maybe it’s time to reconsider how the Carnegie’s Grand Staircase is promoted to the public at large. For instance, the current arrangement of the free-standing dioramas situated on the first floor, awkwardly impede the flow of patrons walking among the pillars, columns, and the taking of photographs of the Grand Staircase.  Moreover, the placement of these dioramas detracts from the visual enjoyment of the famous John White Alexander multicolor murals. An artistic feature of the murals is their connection to the stone colors to enhance the first and second floors architectural features. The best vantage points to see this fabulous spectrum of color is from the third-floor balcony looking down to the first and second floors.

The Carnegie Museum of Art (Museum of Fine Arts) will be celebrating its 125th Anniversary in the fall of 2020. The Grand Staircase was designed as the showcase entrance to the Museum of Fine Arts for Pittsburghers of the early 20th Century. One hundred and twenty-five years later, perhaps, this world-class space can once again establish a new generation of museum patrons and become the destination as a place to be for its cultural and intellectual heritage.  And don’t forget, this staircase can be an Instagram-worthy site for a family portrait to encourage our younger audiences to visit too.

Albert D. Kollar is the Collection Manager in the Section of Invertebrate Paleontology at Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Museum employees are encouraged to blog about their unique experiences and knowledge gained from working at the museum.

[uneminuteparseconde]

Des concerts à Paris et alentour en gras : les derniers ajouts :-: in bold: the last news Mars 02. DIIV – La Gaîté lyrique ||COMPLET|| 03. Napalm Death + EYEHATEGOD + Misery Index + Rotten Sound – La Machine 03. Scorpion Violente + Air LQD – Quai de Bourbon 03. Handle + CIA Debutante + David Fenech – Espace B 03/04. The Mission – Petit Bain 04. David Fenech & Laurent Perrier + Phanes – Quai de Bourbon 05. Dorian Pimpernel + Mooon – Supersonic (gratuit) 05. TZII + Sacrifice Seul – Quai de Bourbon 05. Instant Voodoo + Laurence Wasser – Le Zorba 05. Orange Blossom : “Sharing” avec les machines de François Delarozière – Élysée Montmartre 05. King Dude + Biere noire – La Boule noire 06. Frustration + Italia 90 – Le Trianon 06. Electric Fire + Fantazio et les Turbulents (Sonic Protest) – Les Voûtes 06. UVB76 + Gaël Segalen – Café de Paris 06. France + Autrenoir + Aho Ssan + Astrid Sonne + Keki + Janomax – La Station 06. Violent quand on aime + Officium + Matière danse – Espace B 06. Chris Liebing + AZF – Dehors Brut 07. Sourdure – La Lingerie|Les Grands Voisins (gratuit) 07. L’atelier d’éveil musical du centre social Raymond-Poulidor + Foudre rockeur (Sonic Protest) – Les Voûtes 07. Substencia + Eastel + MZA – tba 07. Dave Clarke + Kuss + Murd + Toscan Haas – Dehors Brut 07. ABSL + Mind Matter + NN aka Primitive Tribe – Caves Lechapelais 07. Alcest + Birds In Row + Kælan Mikla – La Machine ||COMPLET|| 07. Ensemble intercontemporain joue Steve Reich : cinéconcert sur un film de Gerhard Richter – Salle Pierre Boulez|Philharmonie ||COMPLET|| 10. Tempers + Alessio Peck + Josee Laïka – Supersonic (gratuit) 10. Jerusalem in my Heart + Méryll Ampe et les élèves de l’Ensapc + Lucretia Dalt (Sonic Protest) – La Dynamo (Pantin) 10. Arnaud Rebotini : live pour “Fix Me” d’Alban Richard – Centre des Arts (Enghien-les-Bains) 11. Mopcut + F-Space + We Use Cookies + Astra Zenecan (Sonic Protest) – La Station 11. Morrissey – Salle Pleyel 11. Nada Surf + John Vanderslice – La Cigale ||COMPLET|| 12 Thomas Bégin + JD Zazie (Sonic Protest) – La Muse en circuit (Alfortville) 13. Russian Circle + Torche – Bataclan 13. Jean Jean + All Caps + Quadrupède – Quai de Bourbon 13. Bernardino Femminielli – Le Zorba 13. Emptyset + Hair Stylistics + Méryll Ampe (Sonic Protest) – L’Échangeur (Bagnolet) 13. Ballaké Sissoko & Vincent Segal – Le Colombier (Ville d’Avray) 14. Panico Panico + Tabatha Crash + Cosse – ESS’pace 14. Lonely Walk + Tamara Goukassova + Shock – Espace B 14. Why The Eye + WAqWAq Kingdom + Maria Violenza + Fleuves noirs + Jean-Marc Foussat + Julia Hanadi Al Abed + Pierre Gordeeff (Sonic Protest) – L’Échangeur (Bagnolet) 15. Nosfell (Mondial du tatouage) – Grand Halle de La Villette 15. Das Synthetische Mischgewebe & Anla Courtis + Ricardo Dias Gomes & Loïc Ponceau + Seijiro Murayama & Florian Tositti + Phanes – Les Pianos (Montreuil) 16. Hällas + La Secte du Futur + Meurtrières – La Maroquinerie 17. Chelsea Wolf – La Gaîté lyrique ||COMPLET|| 18. Pelada + Eye + Fiesta En El Vacio (Ideal Trouble) – Petit Bain 18. Lee Scratch Perry & Adrian Sherwood + 2Decks + Zaraz Wam Zagram (Sonic Protest) – Église Saint-Merry 18. This Quiet Army & Tom Malmendier + John Robin-Bold – Quai de Bourbon 19. HP (Haswell & Powell) + Inga Huld Hakonadrottir & Yann Legay + Asmus Tietchens + Regreb “2 Cymbals” (Sonic Protest) – Église Saint-Merry 19. Boubacar Cissokho (Paris Music) – Bibliothèque historique de la Ville de Paris 19. Maulwürfe – Musée d’Orsay 20. Bleib Modern + Order 89 + Blind Delon + IV Horsemen + Paulie Jan + Codex Empire + Opale + Panzer + DJ Varsovie (fest. des souvenirs brisés) – Petit Bain 20. Jon Hopkins – Salle Pleyel 20. Martin Kohlstedt + Manu le Malin joue Barbara (Paris Music) – Musée des Arts et Métiers 20. Yan Wagner + Madben (Paris Music) – Cathédrale américaine 20. Monolithe noir + Paulie Jan – Quai de Bourbon 20. Senyawa + Bonne humeur provisoire + Black Trumpets (Sonic Protest) – La Marbrerie (Montreuil) 20. Paula Temple + 16H07 b2b Ket Robinson + Ma Čka – Yoyo|Palais de Tokyo 20. Ellen Allien + Shlømo – Dehors brut 20. Ensemble Dedalus : "Occam Ocean" d'Éliane Radigue – Le Studio|Philharmonie ||COMPLET|| 21. Stephen O’Malley – Médiathèque musicale de Paris (gratuit) 21. Mind/Matter + Die Orangen + Mitra Mitra + Qual + Rendered + Verset Zero + Years of Denial (fest. des souvenirs brisés) – Petit Bain 21. Container + Muqata’a + OD Bongo + Diatribes & Horns + Jealousy Party + Urge + Wirklich Pipit + Me Donner + Cancelled + FLF + 2Mo (Sonic Protest) – Le Générateur (Gentilly) 21. GZA – La Marbrerie (Montreuil) 21. ABSL + Anetha + Hektos Oaks + High Future + Randomer + Sugar – tba 21. Front 242 + She Past Away – Élysée Montmartre ||COMPLET|| 21/22. Laurie Anderson : "The Art of Falling" – Cité de la musique|Philharmonie ||COMPLET|| 22. Mike Cooper + Yann Legay + Will Guthrie & Ensemble Nist-Nah + Cheb Gero (Sonic Protest) – théâtre Berthelot (Montreuil) 24. Skemer + IV Horsemen + Silly Joy – Supersonic (gratuit) 24. Joe Gideon – Espace B 24. I’d M Theft Able + Teenage God + Suicide Motorhead + Notre Travail bénéfique – Le Balto Otlab (Montreuil) 25. Low House (Eugene S. Robinson & Putan Club) + Moodie Black – Petit Bain 25. Wrekmeister Harmonies – Espace B 25. Buzzkull + Kontravoid + Crystal Geometry – Badaboum 25. Kumusta + Crash Normal – L’International 25. Li Li-Chin + Onceim & Li Li-Chin – Église Saint-Merry 25>28. Èlg + Vincent Epplay & Timo Van Luijk + Dominique Petitgand… (Fest. Interférences) – Centre Wallonie-Bruxelles (gratuit) 27. Lebanon Hanover – La Gaîté lyrique 27. Baston – L’International 27. Maggy Payne : « Crystal » (diff.) + 9T Antiope + John Wiese + Matthias Puech + Nihvak (fest. Présences électronique) – Studio 104|Maison de la Radio 27. Mongolito + Biere Noire + Bisous De Saddam + Léa Jacta Est + Club Passion (Croux fest.) – Café de Paris 28. Ensemble Links : "Drumming" de Steve Reich + Cabaret contemporain joue Kraftwerk – théâtre de la Cité internationale 28. Iannis Xenakis : « Mycenae Alpha » (diff.) + Marja Ahti + Rashad Becker + Nina Garcia + Kode9 (fest. Présences électronique) – Studio 104|Maison de la Radio 28. Cut Hands + NAH + Shit&Shine + France Sauvage + Burris Meyer + UVB76 (dj) – Petit Bain 28. Satan + Noyades + S.O.L.A.N + Traitors + Accès de faiblesse (Croux fest.) – Espace B 28. Denis Frajerman + David Fenech – Plateforme 28. Balladur + Bracco + Coeval + Bajram Bili (dj) – La Boule noire 28. 14anger + Brecc + Oguz + Fuerr + Draugr + Atim – tba 29. Ivo Malec : « Recitativio » + Eve Aboulkheir + Richard Chartier + Lee Gamble + Will Guthrie & Mark Fell (fest. Présences électronique) – Studio 104|Maison de la Radio 31. M!R!M – Espace B 31. Leandro Barzabal + AVC + Vulcanizadora – Instants Chavirés (Montreuil) Avril 01. Lea Bertucci – tbc 02. The Futurians + CIA Debutante – Instants Chavirés (Montreuil) 02. Shannon Wright + Melaine Dalibert (Piano Day) – La Marbrerie (Montreuil) 03. Kuniyuki Takahashi & Henrik Schwarz + Hugo LX & DJ Nori + Akiko Nakayama (Japan Connection fest.) – La Gaîté lyrique 03. Tamara Goukassova + Constance Chlore – Le Zorba 03. Victoria Shen + Meryll Ampe + Golem mécanique – Instants Chavirés (Montreuil) 03. CocoRosie – Le Trianon ||COMPLET|| 04. Hiroaki Umeda + Nonotak + Aalko + Make It Deep Soundsystem (Japan Connection fest.) – La Gaîté lyrique 04. Satoshi Tomiie & Kuniyuki + Hiroshi Watanabe + DJ Masda + Akiko Kiyama + Daisuke Tanabe + Intercity-Express (Japan Connection fest.) – La Gaîté lyrique 04. Ash Code – Espace B 04. 2kilos &More & Black Sifichi + Plurals – Le vent se lève 04. OOIOO – Lafayette Anticipations 04. Katie Gately – Sacré 04. Wow + Laura Palmer – L’International 06. Julie Doiron – Espace B 06. Bauhaus – Grand Rex 08. Föllakzoid + UVB76 – Espace B 09. Will Samson + Northwest + Lyson Leclercq – Le vent se lève 09. The Chap + Rubin Steiner Live Band – Badaboum 10. Ventre de biche + Badaboum + Videodrome + A Ten Year Later + Paolo Tecon + Le Compas dans l’œil – La Station 10. Manu Le Malin + Popof + Nout Heretik + Noisebuilder + Electrobugz + Krïs Heretik + Broke Heretik + Aness Heretik + Split Heretik + Tom Buld'r.Heretik + Limka + Le Jall + Boubou Antinorm17 – tba 11. Infecticide + Astaffort Mods + Mono Siren – Supersonic (gratuit) 11. IAMX – Café de la danse 12. VTSS + Hadone – tba 14. Lucy Railton & Joe Houston jouent "Patterns in a chromatic field" de Morton Feldman – Instants chavirés (Montreuil) 14/15. Metronomy – La Cigale 16/17. Metronomy – La Cigale ||COMPLET|| 17. Facs + ISaAC – Petit Bain 18. Siglo XX – La Boule noire 19. Rome + Primordial + Moonsorrow – La Machine 20. Big ‡ Brave + Jessica Moss – La Boule Noire 23. Volkor X + ToutEstBeau + Aphélie – Supersonic (gratuit) 23. Health + Pencey Sloe + Dead – Petit Bain 24. Parade Ground – L’International 25. Selofan + Jupiter Jane – Supersonic (gratuit) 25. Tim Tama + Vladimir Dubyshkin + Trym + Regal + Parfait – tba 26. Pharmakon + Deeat Palace + Unas (Ideal Trouble) – Petit Bain 26. Igorrr + Author & Punisher + Otto Von Schirach – La Cigale 27. Dean Wareham joue "On Fire" de Galaxie 500 – Petit Bain 27. Caribou – L’Olympia 27. The Foals + The Murder Capital – Zénith 28. Ulver – L’Alhambra 29. Protomartyr – La Boule Noire 29. Movie Star Junkies + Sam Fleisch + Tibia – Gibus 30. Conflict + The Filaments – Gibus Mai 02. Richie Hawtin – T7 05. The Sonics + Messer Chups – Trabendo 06. hackedepicciotto + Laurence Wasser – Espace B 07. Laurent Perrier & David Fenech – Souffle Continu (gratuit) 07. Trrmà – Le Zorba 08. Max Richter : "Infra" + Jlin + Ian William Craig – Cité de la musique|Philharmonie ||COMPLET|| 09. Max Richter : "Voices" – Salle Pierre Boulez|Philharmonie 09. Jonas Gruska + Leila Bordreuil + Jean-Philippe Gross + Kali Malone (fest. Focus) – Le 104 09. Extrawelt + Oxia + Popof + Wuza + O'Tawa – Le Kilowatt (Ivry/Seine) 10. Iannis Xenakis : « La Légende d’Eer » + Folke Rabe : « Cyclone » et « What ??? » (fest. Focus) – Le 104 10. Max Richter : "Recomposed" & "Three Worlds" – Salle Pierre Boulez|Philharmonie ||COMPLET|| 11. Cannibale + Frankie and the Witch Fingers + Euromilliard – La Maroquinerie 11. The Electric Soft Parade + Tim Keegan – Petit Bain 13. Wire – La Maroquinerie 13. Austra – Badaboum ||COMPLET|| 14. Aksak Maboul + JFDR + Powerdove (Le Beau festival) – La Boule noire 15. Palberta + Michelle Blades + Good Morning TV (Le Beau festival) – La Boule noire 16. Tops + Corridor + Polycool + Myriam Stamoulis + La Veillée Pop (Le Beau festival) – La Station 16. Black Midi – Carreau du Temple 19. Swans + Norman Westberg – Le Trabendo 16. Hermann Kopp & Lorenzo Abattoir + Fusiller + Sang-Foutre – Quai de Bourbon 20>24. Giant Swan + Otoboke Beaver + Sinead O’Brien + Kills Birds + Vanishing Twin + Kit Sebastian + Jardin + Rouge Gorge + Derya Yildirim & Grup Şimşek + Holy Fuck + Gabber Modus Operandi + Balladur + Crystallmess (dj) + Squid + Glitter + Black Country, New Road + Murman Tsuladze + Tôle froide + Sorry + Donny Benet + La Créole + La Récré + Lewsberg + Lido Pimienta + Moesha 13... (Villette sonique) – La Villette 20. The Jesus & Mary Chain jouent “Darklands” + Carla Del Forno (Villette sonique) – Grande Halle de La Villette 21. Yves Tumor + Pottery + Disq (Villette sonique) – Trabendo 22. Robert Aiki Aubrey Lowe + Kristin Anna (Carte blanche Stephen O’Malley/Villette sonique) – Grande Halle de La Villette 22. Kim Gordon (Villette sonique) – Cabaret sauvage 22. François Bayle : « Le Projet Ouïr » + Marco Parini : « De Parmegiani Sonorum » + Yan Maresz (fest. Akousma) – Studio 104|Maison de la Radio 23. Tout Est Beau (Villette sonique) – parc de La Villette 23. Julien Négrier + Hans Tutschku : « Provenance-émergence » + Félicia Atkinson : « For Georgia O’Keefe » + Warren Burt + Michèle Bokanowski (fest. Akousma) – Studio 104|Maison de la Radio 24. Philippe Mion + Pierre-Yves Macé : « Contre-flux II » + Daniel Teruggi : « Nova Puppis » + Adam Stanovitch + Gilles Racot : « Noir lumière » (fest. Akousma) – Studio 104|Maison de la Radio 23/24. Damon Albarn – Salle Pierre Boulez|Philharmonie ||COMPLET|| 25. The Church – Petit Bain 26. Minimal Compact – La Machine 30/31. Paula Temple + Dave Clarke + Ben Klock + Len Faki + 999999999 + VTSS b2b Shlomo + DVS1 + François X… (Marvellous Island) – île de loisirs de Vaires-Torcy Juin 01/02. The Dead C – Instants Chavirés (Montreuil) 03. Bambara – Espace B 04. Phill Niblock + Tim Shaw – Instants Chavirés (Montreuil) 05. And Also The Trees – La Maroquinerie 06/07. Four Tet + Nils Frahm + Park Hie Jin + Modeselektor… (fest. We Love Green) – Bois de Vincennes 12. The Breath of Life + Box and the Twins – Gibus 13. Flat Worms (Ideal Trouble) – Gibus 14. Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds – Bercy Arena 18. Acid Mothers Temple – Espace B 27. Meryem Aboulouafa + Nicolas Godin (Days Off) – Cité de la musique 28. Ensemble Social Silence joue “Music for Airport” de Brian Eno (Days Off) – Studio|Philharmonie 28. Wooden Elephant joue “Kid A” de Radiohead (Days Off) – Amphithéâtre|Cité de la musique 29. Alva Noto & Ryuichi Sakamoto + Echo Collective joue “12 Conversations with Thilo Heinzmann” de Jóhann Jóhansson (Days Off) – Salle Boulez|Philharmonie 30. Emilíana Torrini & The Colorist Orchestra + Agnes Obel (Days Off) – Salle Boulez|Philharmonie Juillet 01. Apparat – Le Trianon 01. Arandel : “InBach” (Days Off) – Amphithéâtre|Cité de la musique 02. Orchestre de Paris : “Symphony No. 1 "Low"” de Philip Glass + “Music for Ensemble and Orchestra” de Steve Reich (Days Off) – Salle Boulez|Philharmonie 03. Perfume Genius + Anna Calvi  (Days Off) – Cité de la musique 04. Nicolás Jaar : musique pour la pièce chorégraphique “¡miércoles!” de Stéphanie Janaina (Days Off) – Studio|Philharmonie 04. Kevin Morby + Andrew Bird Symphonique (Days Off) – Salle Boulez|Philharmonie 04. Boy Harsher + Partiboi69 + Otim Alpha + Jonny Rock + La Famille Maraboutage + Catu Diosis… (Macki Music) – Parc de la Mairie (Carrières/Seine) ||COMPLET|| 05. Ben UFO + Jamie Tiller b2b Orpheu The Wizard + Murman Tsuladze + The Pilotwings + Flegon… (Macki Music) – Parc de la Mairie (Carrières/Seine) 05/06. Suzanne Vega, Ensemble Ictus & Collegium Vocale Gent : “Einstein on the Beach” de Philip Glass (Days Off) – Cité de la musique 07. The Rapture + Sons of Raphael (Days Off) – Salle Boulez|Philharmonie 17. Björk – Seine Musicale (Boulogne-Billancourt) 17/18. Grim + Galerie Schallschutz + Am Not + Linekraft + Deathpanel + Detrimental Effect + African Imperial Wizard – Les Voûtes 18. Oh Sees – Cabaret sauvage 20. Björk – Seine Musicale (Boulogne-Billancourt) Août 29. Massive Attack (Rock en Seine) – parc de Saint-Cloud Septembre 27. Mudhoney – La Maroquinerie 30. Peter Hook & The Light : Joy Division. A Celebration – Bataclan

[chez-mimich]

VERTIGINE DELLA LISTA, OVVERO COSA HO VISTO, LETTO, ASCOLTATO NEL 2019.

“Cold War" di Pawel Pawlikowski, Anteo Milano, 01.01.19

“Racconti parigini” a cura di Corrado Augias, 03.01.19

“La bestia che mi porto dentro” di Francesco Piccolo, 09.01.19

“Il gioco delle coppie” di Olivier Assays. 12.01.19

“Haruna kuyateh & Ararata Ensemble Orchestra”, caserma Passalacqua Novara Jazz Winter, 26.01.19

“La Favorita” di Yorgos Lanthinos, 27.01.19

“L’arte sopravviverà alle sue rovine” di Anselm Kiefer, 27.01.19

"Orchestra Sinfonica Cantelli" Teatro Coccia. Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven, Liszt, 30.01.19

“Green Book”, di Peter Farrely, 01.02.19

“Col Hakolot” coro ebraico, Broletto di Novara, 03.02.19

"My River runs to thee”, Taste of Jazz, Opificio, 07.02.2019

"Santiago, Italia" di Nanni Moretti 09.02.19

"Masahisa Fukase", Fondazione Sozzani, 09.02.19

“The Gumbos”, Taste of Jazz, 21.02.19

“Cuore di cane” di M. Bulgakov, Teatro Grassi Milano,23.02.19

“Shades of Freedom”, Taste of Jazz, Opificio, 28.02.19

“Roma” di Alfonso Cuaròn, 02.03.19

Giorgio Andreotta Calò “Cittadimilano”, Hangar Bicocca 09.03.19

“Capri Revolution” di Mario Martone, 15.03.19

"Broken Nature: Design Takes on Human Survival, Triennale Milano 23.03.18

"Una giusta causa" di Mimi Leder, 30.03.19

"Surrogati. Un amore ideale" Osservatorio prada, Milano, 31.03.19

“Ibrahim Mahama, Firend”, Porta Venezia Milano, 06.04.19

“Design Week-Fuorisalone”. Statale, Meravigli, Cairoli, Brera, Garibaldi. 10.04.19

“Design Week-Fuorisalone”. Centrale Ventura, Via popoli Uniti, 12.04.19

“Design Week-Fuorisalone”, Via Tortona, Base, Vie Bergognkne, 13.04.19

“Musica in scena: Irene Veneziani”, pianoforte, Teato Faraggiana, 24.04.19

“Dilili a Parigi” di Michel Ocelot, 25.04.19

“Christian Marclay”, White Cube Mason’s Yard, Londra, 07.05.19

“Phyllida Barlow, Cul de Sac”, Royal Accademy, Londra, 07.05.19

“Prahabavathi Meppayil, PACE”, Royal Accademy, Londra, 07.05.19

“Dorothea Tanning”, Tate kdern, Londra, 08.05.19

“Franz West”, Tate Modern, Londra, 08.05.19

“Jenny Holzer” Artist Room, Tate Modern, Londra, 08.05.19

“Magic Realism”, Tate Modern, Londra, 08.05.19

“Kaleidoscope”, Saatchi Gallery, Londra, 09.05.19

“Artic New Frontier”, Saatchi Gallery, Londra, 09.05.19

“Ara Güler, Gallery 12”, Saatchi Gallery, Londra, 09.05.19

“Johnnie Cooper” Saatchi Gallery, Londra, 09.05.19

“Boilly, Scenes of Parisian Life”, National Gallery, Londra, 10.05.19

“Sean Scully, Sea Star”, National Gallery, Londra, 10.05.19

“Emme Kunz, Visionary Drawings”, Serpentine Gallery, Londra, 10.05.19

“Hito Steyler, Power Flowers”, Serpentine Sakler Gallery, Londra 10.05.19

“Sylvie Felury, Hypnotic Poison”, Galerie Thaeddeus Ropac, Londra, 10.05.19

“Gerwald Rokenschaub”, Thaeddeus Ropac, Londra, 11.05.19

“Munch” di Steffen Kaverneland, 15.05.19

“The Repetitition (s) Histoire (s) du Theatre” di Milo Rau Teatro Streheler Milano, 11.05.19

“Piano City Milano: Marta Meszaros”, Casa Melis, Milano, 19.05.19

“World Press of the Year 2019”, Fondazione Sozzani, 19.05.19

“People of Tamba”, Fondazione Sozzani Milano, 19.05.2019

“Matteo Bortone solo” Novara Jazz, 25.05.19

“Ariel Tessier & Severin Morfin” Novara Jazz, 25.05.19

“Three Days of Forest” Novara Jazz 25.05.19

“No Tongues” Novara Jazz 25.05.19

“Severin Morfin e Ronan Coutry” Novara Jazz 26.05.19

“Ronan Prual & Matthieu Prual” Novara Jazz, 26.05.19

“Giulio Corini, Libero Motu” Nivara Jazz, 30.05.19

“Elephank Project” Novara Jazz, 30.05.19

“Ill Considered” Novara Jazz, 31.05.19

“Khalab Feat. Tamar Collocutor e Tommaso Cappellato” Novara Jazz, 31.05.19

“Francesco Bigoni Solo” Novara Jazz, 01.06.19

“Italian String Trio” Novara Jazz, 01.06.19

“Olmo”, Novara Jazz, 01.06.19

“Animanz & Juanita Euka”, Novara Jazz, 01.06.19

“Sanne Huijbregts Solo”, Nivara Jazz, 02.06.19

“Erios Junior Jazz Orchestra+Michael Steinman”, Novara Jazz, 02.06.19

“Marco Remondini+Banda Filarmonica di Oleggio”, Novara Jazz, 06.06.19

“Roberta Brighi L.W. 6TET”, Novara Jazz, 06.06.19

“Workshop de Lyon+Trio Impro+L’Effet Vapeur”, Novara Jazz, 07.06.19

“Simone Graziano Frontal”, Novara Jazz, 07.06.19

“Ben Van Gelder” Novara Jazz, 08.06.19

“Jeuselou du Dimanche” Novara Jazz, 08.06.19

“Reiner Baas & Ben Van Gelder” Novara Jazz, 08.06.19

“Marmite Infernale”, Novara Jazz, 08.06.19

“Barre Phillips Solo”, Novara Jazz, 09.06.19

"Serotonina" di Miche Houellebecq, 30.06.19

"Miro, au delà de la peinture" Fondation Maeght, St. Paul de Vence, 06.07.19

"Koln Duo", Ramatuelle, 10.07.2019

“Un mondo in parole” di Paul Auster, 11.07.19

“Edison, l’uomo che illuminò il mondo” di Alfonso Gomez-Dejon, 25.07.19

“Mirò parle” di Joan Mirò, 25.07.19

“Sheela Gowda, Remains”, Hangar Pirelli Bicocca, 31.08.19

“Yossi Rakover si rivolge a Dio” di Zvi Kolitz. 05.08.19

Roger Ballen "The Body, the Mind, the Space", Fondazione Sozzani, 18.08.19

“Anna Maria Maiolino”, Pac Milano, 19.08.19

Gilbert & George,“There were two Young Men”, 25.08.19

“Laurent Hasley,“Too Blessed 2 Be Stressed”, Fondation Vuitton, Parigi, 25.08.19

“Sally Mann, a thousand crossing”, 24.08.19

Marc Pataut, “de proche en proche”, 24.08.19

“Nous les Arbres”, Fondation Cartier Parigi, 26.08.19

“Préhistoire, un enigme moderne”, Centre Pompidou, 27.08.19

"Takesada Matsutani", Centre Pompidou, 27.08.19

"Bernard Frioeze", Centre Pompidou, 28.08.19

"Cao Fei", Centre Pompidou, 28.08.19

“Champs d’Amours”, Hotel de Ville, Parigi, 27.08.19

“Berthe Morisot”, Musée d’Orsay Parigi, 29.08.19

“À la plume, au pinceau, au crayon” Ima, Parigi, 29.08.19

“Hella Hongeriujs”, Lafayette Anticipation, Parigi, 30.08.19

“Ernst Macoba: I shall dance in a different society”, Centre Pompidou Parigi, 27.08.19

“Eloisa Manera, Duende”, Piccolo Coccia EJC, Novara, 11.09.19

“WE3 di Francesco Chiapperini”, Piccolo Coccia, EJC, Novara 12.09.19

“Raffaele Casarano, Mirko Signorile”, Piccolo Coccia, EJC, Novara, 12.09.19

"Piero Bittolo Bon, Bread & Fox”, Sala Borsa Novara, EJC, 13.09.19

"Roberto Ottaviano con “Eternal Love”, PIccolo Coccia Novara, NJC, 13.09.19

"Marco Colonna solo", Basilica di San Gaudenzio Novara, 14.09.19

“Filippo Vignato Quartet”, Teatro Coccia Novara, EJC ,14.09.19

"Andrea Grossi, Songs and Poems", Teatro Coccia. EJC, Novara, 14.09.19

“Crossing Quartet”, Teatro Coccia Novara, EJC, 14.09.19

"Federica Michisanti, Horn Trio", Chiostro della Canonica Novara, EJC, 15.09.19

"L'incredibile viaggio delle piante" di Stefano Mancuso , 20.09.19

"5 E'il numero perfetto" di Igort, 23.09.2019

Alex Prager, "Silver Lake Drive" Fondazione Sozzani Milano, 23.09.19

"C'era una volta a Hollywood" di Quentin Tarantino, 30.09.19

"Danie Steegmann Mangrané, A Leaf-Shaped Animal Drawn the Hand", Hangar Bicocca Milano, 31.09.19

"Joker" di Todd Phillips, 05.10.19

"Anastasiya Pteryshak e Enrica Savigni, suonano Paganini", Chiesa di San marco, 07.10.19

“Training Hunans” Osservatorio Prada Milano, 12.10.19

“Yan Pei-Ming”, Galleria De Carlo Milano, 12.10.19

“Raoul” di e con James Thierrée, Teatro Strehler 12.10.19

Giulia Biagetti, organo. San Gaudenzio 13.10.19

“Romancero Gitano” di Federico Garçia Lorca, con Nuria Espert, Teatro Grassi, 22.10.19

Kevin Browyer organo, San Gaudenzio 23.10.19

"Golden Variations" con Camilla Monga, Novara Jazz, 24.10.19

"Erlend Apneseth Trio", Novara Jazz, 26.10.19

"Dontown Abbey" di Michael Engler, 27.10.19

"Lupi5" Tast of jazz, Opificio Novara 31.10.19

"Canova, Thorvaldsen, la nascita della scultura moderna", Gallerie d'Italia Molano, 01.11.19

"Ritorno a Reims" Teatro Studio Melato, 05.11.19

"Canova Trio" Taste of Jazz, 08.11.19

"Il libro di tutti i libri" di Roberto Calasso, 20.10.19

Cerith Wyn Evans "...Illuminating Gas" Hangar Pirelli Bicocca Milano, 16.11.19

"Florasia", Taste of Jazz, Opificio Novara, 22.11.19

"L'ufficiale e la spia" di Roman Polanski, 28.11.19

"Un giorno di pioggia a New York" di Woody Allen, 2.12.19

"La Belle Epoque" di Nicola Bedos

"Cité. Lieux vides, rues passantes", 05.12.19

"Simone Quatrana e Davide Rinella", Taste of Jazz, 06.11.19

"Wes Anderson, il sarcofago di Spitzmaus e altre meraviglie", Fondazione Prada Milano, 08.12.19

"Tower Jazz Composer Orchestra" recensione, 09.12.19

"Boom Collective", Taset of Jazz, 14.12.19

"Louis Armstrong. Satchmo oltre il mito del jazz", 18.11.19

"Vito Emanuele Galante in solo", San Giovanni decollato, 18.11.19

"Paolo Fabbri Jazz Ensemble" Taste of Jazz, 19.12.19

"1.15 K" Recensione, 19.12.19

"Australia, storie dagli antipodi", Pac Milano, 21.12.19

"La dea fortuna" di Ferzan Opzetek 26.12.19

“Parasite” di Bong Joo-Ho, 29.12.19

“Pinocchio” di Matteo Garrone, 31.12.19

[lapanachestyle]

Check out this listing I just added to my Poshmark closet: YSL Saint Laurent Tan Crossbody Tote Satchel Sac de Jour Large NWOT 14x10.

[normanemilioleongoodworlds]

20 Minutes: Guerre en Ukraine : Le gouverneur de Floride estime que la France n'aurait pas résisté à la Russie et créé la polémique

20 Minutes: Guerre en Ukraine : Le gouverneur de Floride estime que la France n'aurait pas résisté à la Russie et créé la polémique.

Ron de Santis est-il un simple homonyme ou fils de Laurent de Santis, célèbre producteur hollywoodien, en un mot un vulgaire fils à papa ?

Nous, français avons fait la campagne de Russie avant qu'Hollywood ne voit jamais le jour. 400 000 soldats français ou alliés y sont morts, 25 000 ont survécu, en fait de couardise nous pouvons en remontrer à toutes les armées d'Amérique.

L'armée française est de nos jours petite et vaillante.

Cela vaut mieux qu'une armée grande et ramollo (du cerveau aussi).

La Floride est un État peuplé de retraités, vous vous dorez la pilule à Miami en vous moquant des français, vous faites peur à la Russie et à la France.

Les français sont prêts à défendre leur territoire sans l'aide des américains, sans le marquis de Lafayette et les soldats du roy de France vous eussiez été massacrés, je dis massacrés, par l'armée de bouchers britanniques.

En fait de lachete, vous faites école, dès que la France a le dos tourné, vous lui plantez un coup de poignard dans le dos, stabbing, des inversés, tous des inversés ?!

Nous avons fondé votre acte de naissance, vous vous empressez de prononcer notre acte de décès, permettez-nous de vous démentir par les faits !... 🇲🇫🇪🇺

[nazaninlankarani]

At this season’s ‘Rendez-Vous,’ Cartier Mines the Past to Reinvent its Classics

Courtesy of Cartier

For its biannual “Rendez-Vous” event held at the beginning of October, the luxury maison Cartier chose the Hôtel de Marois in the heart of the Golden Triangle, no doubt the ritziest part of Paris, to present its novelties to members of the international press.

The hôtel particulier was built in 1863 for the Comte le Marois, son of one of Napoleon’s generals. It remained the property of that aristocratic family until 1927 when it became the seat of the Comité France-Amériques, an organization founded to oversee relations between France and “the Americas.”

While a large part of its imposing architecture dates back to the era of France’s Second Empire, it manages to gracefully blend woodwork and paintings from a glorious 18th-century heritage with some eclectic ornaments dating from the era of Napoleon III.

An Evocative Experience

“We chose this site because it embodies a permanent tension between past, future, and present,” said Cartier’s Arnaud Carrez. “It is the same tension between the contemporaneity of Cartier and the history of this place.”

In the grand, gold-leaf decorated ballrooms—called the Salons Washington, Franklin, Jefferson, Lafayette, and Bolivar—rich with history and the weight of the past, Cartier brought a very contemporary touch to its presentation, demonstrating everything that is modern about its luxury accessories.

“A product is best discovered through an experience that evokes the whole universe of the maison, tells a story, and gives that product its emotional charge,” Mr. Carrez said.

Courtesy of Cartier.

The Scent of a Diamond

The choice of that majestic site could not have been more suited for Cartier’s presentation of its new fragrance, Cartier Carat, designed by the house perfumer, Mathilde Laurent.

Officially launched in September, Cartier Carat is an ode to light, specifically the diffracted light that traverses a diamond, encapsulated in a scent that seeks to capture the color spectrum and the fiery sparkle from inside the precious stone.

More than a perfumer, Laurent is an olfactory storyteller whose narrative style engages all the senses and typically takes her audience down an unexpected path. Scent is just one way in which she creates an experience that transports, like Marcel Proust’s madeleines, up into a Scented Cloud as she did last year or, this time, inside a brilliant-cut diamond.

If the bright, floral scent of Carat wasn’t convincing enough, the artistically minded perfumer also brought a touch of conceptual art to the craft of making perfume. She commissioned the Bureau of Extraordinary Affairs, a London-based designer duo that specializes in light installations, to produce an immersive experience into the heart of her inspiration for Carat.

The installation, called Mille Facettes—A Thousand Facets of Olfactory Lights, was presented as an artistic interpretation of the new fragrance, purporting to take the visitor for some 90 seconds inside a diamond, or more accurately inside a Plexiglas box in which a white light was diffused into a million facets of colors, plunging the visitor into the creative mind of the perfumer.

“The installation creates a sensory and emotional experience that is part of our singular approach to perfume making,” a representative for Cartier said. “This experience gives the visual sensation of being inside a diamond.”

The presentation followed that of the Scented Cloud, shown by Cartier last fall in front of the Palais de Tokyo. In the presentation, a suspended cloud in a glass cube separates the fragrant air above from the unscented air below.

(The “Mille Facettes” installation will be set up in a Cartier pop-up shop in the Marais district from October 12 to November 4.)

Courtesy of Cartier.

New Ways to Wear a Diamond

Up a grand staircase and into the grand ballrooms on the first floor, Cartier presented its new jewelry pieces as well as its new Ballon Blanc timepiece, due out in November.

In keeping with the theme of diamonds and carats, the jewelry show focused on a number of classic capsule collections at Cartier, all of which employ only diamonds, like the Coup d’Éclat, the Etincelle, or the Pluie de Diamants. Reinventing the codes of diamonds jewelry, the new pieces were each designed to be worn in a contemporary and sometimes mysterious way.

Cartier had first experimented with “new-wear” in its designs when it launched its Magician collection some years back. It has now moved its creative designs into its classic lines. The Panther ear cuff and a bracelet that transforms into a headband were the most practical pieces. A number of the pieces were so challenging to wear that guidance was provided by a video.

“Cartier is a house that transcends fashion, and it is the force of its timeless creativity that we show here,” Mr. Carrez said.

Courtesy of Cartier.

When the Jewelry Case Becomes Handbag

Playful and ever inventive, Cartier has taken its iconic red jewelry boxes and turned them into handbags this season.

Cartier’s jewelry boxes have been around since the early 20th century. Originally produced in three colors—black, olive green, and rose—they were finally made in red when the house settled on a distinctive blue-red shade in the 1930s. A gold frieze has always run along the contour of the box, either in the shape of a floral garland or as a row of butterflies fluttering about.

“Cartier has in the past experimented with transforming objects into accessories, for instance taking a nail and making it into the ‘Juste un Clou’ bracelet,” a Cartier spokesperson said. “This year, we have made the jewelry box into an accessory in its own right, suitable for carrying or wearing cross-body.”

This year’s new handbags were shown in a surrealistic “performative” installation that featured models hidden behind a red wall, whose arm and leg protruded through the wall to display the handbags to music in robotic motions.

Like every Cartier Rendez-Vous, the visit ended with a stop at a chic Cartier refreshment bar, where macarons and Proustian madeleines promised to transport the visitor on yet another journey of the senses.

The new handbags will be launched in a staggered manner in selected stores between November 30 and mid-February 2019.

[Source]

[deannadupont]

Thomas Paine Park The park’s namesake, Thomas Paine, was an Englishman from Thetford in County Norfolk. He spent his early years committed to justice in Britain, speaking out for social equity and lobbying for higher wares. In 1774, at the urging of Benjamin Franklin, then colonial ambassador to Britain, Paine immigrated to Philadelphia. He became a close associate of Franklin, the other founding fathers, and the Marquis de Lafayette. His writings profoundly influenced the course of the American Revolution and the creation of the United Thomas Paine, c. 1791 image. Click for full size. Laurent Dabos (from Wikipedia), circa 1791 3. Thomas Paine, c. 1791 (Oil painting by Laurent Dabos) States government. Paine published the unsigned pamphlet Common Sense on January 10, 1776. It advocated rising up in arms against Britain, and many of its ideas are echoed in the Declaration of Independence. His description of a representative government became the basis for modern democracy anchored by a written constitution. Paine’s sixteen American Crisis essays boosted morale during the darkest days of the Revolutionary War. For his service to the fledgling nation, New York State later gave Paine a 277-acre farm in New Rochelle, new York. His most famous work, Rights of Man (1791), was written after the French Revolution and proposes that government is responsible for protecting the natural rights of its people. Many of Paine’s ideas were strikingly far sighted. He advocated for the abolition of slavery, defended freedom of thought and expression, and proposed an association of nations to avert the spread of conflicts. In 1802, Paine returned to America, where he was the guest of President Jefferson, to whom he recommended the Louisiana Purchase. Paine tried to settle down on his farm, but his declining health led him to move to Manhattan in 1804. He died in Greenwich Village on June 8, 1809. His remains were buried on his New Rochelle farm. It was not until several years after his death that dedicated friends and biographers (at Thomas Paine Park) https://www.instagram.com/p/CXG1PUhF8T7/?utm_medium=tumblr

[artwalktv]

A Music video directed by VALENTIN PETIT & produced by DIVISION MAIN UNIT:  Directed by Valentin Petit Produced by DIVISION Producer: Theo Gall Line Producers: Clemence Couten & Melanie Jackson Director of Photography: Jeff Bierman 1st AD Mathieu: Perez Producer LA: Tara Ravazi Line Producer LA: Gina Naranjo VFX CREW: VFX by Machine Molle Artistic Director VFX: JF Fontaine VFX Supervisor: Selim Mondzie Animation Lead: Eric Letourner CG Artists: Maxime Hélier, Damien Clément & Maxime Naudin FX Artist: Mattéo Girard & Sara Dibiza Matchmove Artist: Florian Perrault Digital Compositors: Sacha Danjou, Théophile Virnot & Adrien Renay Real-time VFX Artist: Ruben Frosali Postproducer: Marine Ligouzat VFX Editor: Thibaut Kiefer Editors: Valentin Petit, Maxime Caro & Antonin Brones Color Grader: Arthur Paux Sound Designer: Emilien Bernaux Thanks to Laurent Bahy Typographer: Nathan Almeras NY CREW: Produced by Happy Place Producers: Yvan Lafayette & David Newhouse Production Coordinator: Cameron Steinfeld 1st AD: Daniel Lugo Location Managers: Conlan Olberding & Teddy Yoon DIT: Matt Richards 1st AC: Erik Kandefer 2nd AC: Alex Dubois Steadycamer: Calvin Falk FPV Operator: Tommy Tibajia Key Grip: Sam Kretschmer BBG: Rolf Elberlein Gaffer: Matt Reilly BBE: Manuel Moreno Production Designer: Madison Hatch Art Director: Steven Killian Set Decorator: Rachel Marquez Set Dresser: Tommy Mitchell VFX: Karl Coyner Scanning Technician: Ivin Ballen Scanning Assistant: Damani Adadevoh CAM/UNIT Truck PA: Mika Arava G&E Truck PA: Ricardo Piva 15 Pass PA 1: Erena Willis 15 Pass PA 2: Carlos Cruz-Reyes 15 Pass PA 3: Kelly Fernandes FPV PA: April Goldberg Covid Officer: Luis Cabrera Covid Assistant: Geno Houser LABEL Commissioner: HopeWilson Label: Roc Nation Kaily Nash, Lindsey Oh, Jacob Passick & Drew Cabral Labels: Polo Grounds Music & RCA Records Bryant Leach, Shani Fuller-Tillman Victoria Seagriff, Thomas Wolfe, Camille Yorrick & Karina Lopez Big thanks to Jules de Chateleux, Laure Salgon and Morgan Seite.