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macgyvermedical · 9 months
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Magic Bullets: The Antibiotic Story
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The year was 1907 and a Dr. Alfred Bertheim was trying to make arsenic less toxic to humans.
Why? Because in addition to killing humans, arsenic also kills trypanosomes- single-celled protozoa that cause the life-threatening infection trypanosomiasis. By creating a version of arsenic that still killed the protozoa, but not the human they infected, Dr. Bertheim could create a drug to treat the disease*.
This was not a fully new idea. About 50 years earlier, a drug called Atoxyl had been created in France. About 40 times less toxic than pure arsenic, it had been shown to not only successfully treat trypanosomiasis, but also the equally devastating syphilis infection.
But 40 times less toxic than pure arsenic is still not great. About 2% of people treated even one time with the drug ended up blind, among a myriad of other side effects. It was a start, but not ideal.
And Dr. Bertheim (under the direction of better-known Dr. Paul Ehrlich) was setting out to change that.
And it just so happened that the sixth compound from the sixth group he tried did so. Known as "compound 606", the new Arsphenamine could treat trypanosomiasis, relapsing fever, and syphilis very effectively- and it didn't leave its takers dead or blind.
Most of the time, at least. See, arsphenamine, also known by the brand name salvarsan, was a pain in the ass to administer. It had to be dissolved in several hundred mililiters of water under a nitrogen atmosphere to prepare it for administration. If it touched air, it would rapidly react, causing toxic byproducts that could cause liver failure, severe skin rashes, and even death.
But both trypanosomiasis and syphilis were definitely going to kill you, so it was worth the risk.
And the seed had been planted, so to say. The idea of a chemical able to kill infection-causing agents without killing the host was a true possibility for the future of medicine.
And by 1912, Neosalvarsan, a drug somewhat less effective -but far easier to administer and with significantly fewer side effects- was on the market. Over the next decade, Neosalvarsan would be responsible for a massive drop in syphilis cases worldwide.
But neither of the drugs could treat deadly infections from staph or strep or the hundreds of other bacterial or viral infections that still had no cure in the 1910's and 1920's.
Then came the first of the heavy-hitters. Bayer was a dye company when it started, and in 1932, three and a half decades after switching mostly to pharmaceuticals, chemists at Bayer were testing the company's dyes for anti-infective properties. They went through thousands of trials, finally finding a dye that could kill streptococcal bacteria without killing a mouse host.
Pre-1930s, streptococcal disease was a major problem. It caused strep throat, cellulitis, scarlet fever, childbed (purpural) fever, some forms of toxic shock syndrome, impetigo, necrotizing fasciitis, rheumatic fever, and many others. The skin infections may have been at least somewhat treatable with a hot compress, but the rest were prone to cause blindness, deafness, loss of limbs, and for many, loss of life.
In 1936, sulfonamide antibiotics changed that. Protosil, the first of the sulfonamides, became available to treat many of the infections listed above. These would be used for wound infections throughout WWII. Unfortunately, they would also cause the untimely death of nearly 100 people via the Elixer Sulfanilamide tragedy.
Sulfanilamide was a similar drug to Prontosil and was safe and effective for treating strep infections. However, when mixed with diethylene glycol (now used as standard car antifreeze) to make it into a liquid suspension, it was deadly. See this letter from a doctor who had prescribed the liquid form of the medication, not knowing it was poison:
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[to read more about the Elixer Sulfanilamide Disaster, see here]
Despite the sulfanilamide tragedy, the race was on for more antibiotics. Three years before they went on the market, researchers had found evidence of bacterial resistance to sulfonamides. What would happen when these new bacteria, that didn't die when exposed to the new wonder drug, made up so much of the bacterial population?
In 1942, the Cocoanut Grove fire in Boston caused over 492 deaths and 130 injuries. The injured were among the first to receive a remarkable new drug called penicillin. The fire and the fate of the victims were publicized throughout the world, and penicillin became a household name overnight. But once again, even before it went on the market in 1943, just in time for the end of the Second World War, there was evidence of resistance.
But fortunately, the fire had been sparked. Over the next 30 years, many dozens of antibiotics would come into clinical use. If you've taken it, it probably came out between 1940 and 1970. Tetracycline, isoniazid, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, vancomycin, amoxicillin, and dozens more you've never heard of.
And then? Nothing.
Well, not completely nothing, there were a couple that came out in the 1980s and a few in the early 2000s. But nothing like that 30-year golden age.
But now we're running into problems due to drug resistance. About 1.27 million people die annually directly from antibiotic resistant infection, while antibiotic resistance contributes to about 4.95 million more deaths.
The good news is that the drugs that are being made today are directly targeting those antibiotic resistant infections. In fact, as I'm writing this, a new drug (Zosurabalpin) is being tested for a bacteria called Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, which up until now has had no antibiotic that works against it.
*as you may imagine for the time period, this was not necessarily a benevolent act. See, most of the reason Europeans wanted to treat trypanosomiasis in the first place was because they kept dying of it when they went to colonize Africa. And they wanted something that would give them a leg up on the people who were already there.
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Skin Graft Market Outlook, Global Outlook & Forecast 2023-2032
Market Synopsis of Global Skin graft Market:
In 2022, the skin graft market was estimated at USD 4.00 billion. The skin graft market is expected to increase from USD 4.28 billion in 2023 to USD 7.36 billion by 2032, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.01% over the forecast period (2023-2032).
Key players of Global Skin graft Market:
Key players profiled in the report are Organogenesis, Inc., Specmed Medical, Stratatech Corp, Tissue Regenix Group PLC, Avita Medical, Convatec Inc., Medrotonic, Coloplast, B. Braun Melsungen, zimmerbiomet, Stratatech Corporation, Zimmer Biomet and others.
Current Industry Trends:
U.K.’s National Health Service researchers are expected to launch a liquid skin dispersing device which contains a regenerative epithelial suspension which mimic natural skin and reduce wound healing times
Allograft skin graft is expected to lose market share in favour of xenogeneic and prosthetic segments. The advancements in skin graft technology such as biocompatibility and biomimetic material is a reason for the expected development coupled with the drawbacks of allografts such as large surgical footprint
Mergers and acquisitions are ripe as the skin graft market outlook is highly technology oriented with large development cost and times. To cut short development efforts and to take advantage of complementary specialities of other companies are the cause of the mergers and acquisitions. For example, Mallinckrodt plc, entered into a merger agreement with Stratatech Corporation in August 2016 to take advantage of reduced development efforts for StrataGraft regenerative skin tissue and a technology platform for genetically enhanced skin tissues.
Start-ups are a growing trend, as a company with proprietary technology will have an advantage over a larger competitor due to low volume and high value nature of the product, which negates the economics of scale advantage of a larger company.
Market Dynamics of Global Skin graft Market:
Drivers
Rise in the cases of risk factors such as accidents, skin infections such as necrotizing fasciitis or purpura fulminans, burns, cancer, surgeries and others. According to WHO, burns are a leading cause of public health issue causing approximately 265000 deaths annually. The global burn care market size is approximately USD 1.5 billion in 2016.
Technical advancements in surgical instruments such as development of electrical dermatome and drum-type dermatome which has resulted in greater accuracy and control.
Growing occupational hazards such as electricity, high temperatures, machinery and others
Restraints
Complications such as infection, pain and hospital stay
High cost of treatment
Lack of healthcare infrastructure in developing regions
Rejection and immune reactions which can be fatal
Segments of Global Skin graft Market:
The global skin graft market report is segmented on the basis of graft type, graft thickness and applications. Graft type - autologous, isogeneic, allogeneic, xenogeneic and prosthetic.
Graft thickness - split-thickness, full-thickness and composite graft.
Applications - extensive wound, burns, extensive skin loss due to infection, skin cancers and others. Equipment - dermatome (knives dermatomes, drum dermatomes, electric dermatomes, air dermatomes), general surgical instruments, consumables and others.
End users - hospitals and clinics, academic and research and others.
Regional analysis of Global Skin graft Market:
US accounts for the maximum market share due to faster market uptake of new technology, favourable reimbursement scenario and greater expenditure on healthcare. Europe is the second largest market due to large disposable income and rising awareness which is led by France and Germany. Asia Pacific region is expected to generate fastest growth and is estimated to be led by China and India. However Japan has the largest market share in the region as of 2016. Asia Pacific also has a
The Middle East & Africa market is led by the gulf nations particularly Saudi Arabia and UAE. The regions of Africa are expected to witness a moderate growth due to poor economic and political conditions and poor healthcare penetration.
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marryp · 10 months
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Necrotizing Fasciitis Treatment Market Report- Drivers and Restraints, Growth Opportunity Assessment and Forecast to 2032
 During the assessment period, which runs from 2022 to 2032, the market for treating necrotizing fasciitis is expected to expand at a CAGR of 6.3%. The market, which had a valuation of US$ 2.4 billion in FY 2021, is anticipated to grow by 4.2% annually to reach US$ 2.5 billion. Furthermore, by 2032, the industry is expected to have a market value of US$ 4.6 billion.
Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare but serious bacterial infection that affects the tissue beneath the skin as well as surrounding organs and muscles. Necrotizing fasciitis begins with a minor injury and progresses rapidly.
Browse Complete Report@ https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/necrotizing-fasciitis-treatment-market
According to the CDC, 500 to 1,000 cases of NF are diagnosed in the United States each year. Necrotizing fasciitis has a poor prognosis in the presence of co-morbidities such as immunosuppression, chronic alcoholism, chronic renal failure, liver cirrhosis, and diabetes mellitus.
Any delay in diagnosing necrotizing fasciitis can be fatal, resulting in more extensive surgery, a high rate of amputation, and a high mortality rate. If necrotizing infection is not treated, it can lead to systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
Despite improved diagnostic tools and treatment management in recent years, the mortality rate of necrotizing fasciitis remains high. Surgery to remove infected tissues, antibiotics, and supportive treatment to control blood pressure, organ function, and fluid levels are all part of the treatment for necrotizing fasciitis.
Necrotizing fasciitis progress very quick and lead to serious disease such as sepsis and organ failure.
Necrotizing Fasciitis Treatment: Market Dynamics
In the near future, the market for necrotizing fasciitis treatment will be driven by an increase in the prevalence of chronic disease and an increased focus on research and development of rare diseases as well as the development of new technology.
Rising awareness and innovation in wound and trauma therapy, as well as innovation in the diagnosis of rare diseases, will drive the market for necrotizing fasciitis treatment during the forecast period.
The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and steroid drugs, which suppress fever, makes disease diagnosis difficult, and a lack of specific treatment and diagnostic criteria impedes the growth of the necrotizing fasciitis treatment market.
Necrotizing Fasciitis Treatment: Overview
The development of technology-driven treatments for rare diseases has significantly boosted the market for Necrotizing Fasciitis Treatment. Recent development in the drug development and growing number of drug in the clinical trial, focus on technological and biological advances drive the market of Necrotizing Fasciitis Treatment in the near future.
New technology and treatment with intravenous antibiotics option and development of new therapy will drive the market of intently modulated radiation therapy. Increasing prevalence of chronic disease and increase level of awareness for the rare disease also drive the market in the forecast period.
Because of the increased number of cases of type I necrotizing fasciitis, type I accounts for the largest revenue share. Due to the increasing number of hospital pharmacies during the forecast period, hospital pharmacies account for the largest revenue share by end user.
Necrotizing Fasciitis Treatment: Region-wise Outlook
The North America market for Necrotizing Fasciitis Treatment Market holds the largest revenue share, due to rising awareness on the diagnosis as well treatment of rare disease. Increasing disease related to bacterial infection and increasing research and development for new drug and treatment drive the market of North America.
Because of the rising prevalence of chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and infections, Europe has the second largest revenue share in the global necrotizing fasciitis treatment market. Asia Pacific is expected to witness rapid growth in the necrotizing fasciitis treatment market, due to government funding for rare disease and clinical trials and high prevalence of chronic diseases and developing healthcare infrastructure in countries such as India.
For More Information: https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/necrotizing-fasciitis-treatment-market
China is expected to experience significant growth as a result of increased awareness of bacterial infection and the development of new treatment options. Latin America and Middle East & Africa are projected to exhibit slow growth in Necrotizing Fasciitis Treatment Market, owing to lack of awareness and limited treatment facilities and less developed healthcare infrastructure.
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jean-perry · 2 years
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isiawgr-blog · 6 years
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Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare but serious infection of the soft tissue, with rapidly spreading necrosis of superficial fascia and subcutaneous tissue. Get More Info Visit US:  https://www.maximizemarketresearch.com/market-report/global-necrotizing-fasciitis-treatment-market/79923/
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riddhiochani · 4 years
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Necrotizing Fasciitis Treatment Market is estimated to value over USD xx billion by 2027 end and register a CAGR of over xx% during the forecast period 2020 to 2027.
The report initiates from the outline of business surroundings and explains the commercial summary of chain structure. Moreover, it analyses forecast by drug type, by type, by distribution channel, by region and Necrotizing Fasciitis Treatment Market Share.
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infraindia · 6 years
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The Global Necrotizing Fasciitis Market is expecting a steady growth during the forecasted period. Necrotizing fasciitis is a bacterial infection that affects tissue beneath the skin, surrounding muscles, and organs. Growing geriatric population, increasing prevalence of infectious diseases and technological advancement in surgery has driven the market growth. Moreover, increasing healthcare expenditure, and rising demand for the better treatment has fueled the growth of the market. However, lack of awareness about the disease in developing economies and poor reimbursement policies in developed countries may slow the growth of this market.
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surajmarathedb1 · 2 years
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Market Growth of Global Skin Graft Market
Data Bridge Market Research analyses that the skin graft market growing at a CAGR of 9.97% in the forecast period of 2022-2029. Innovations and further advancements in terms of skin grafting methods are expected to act as a significant factor for market attaining this growth rate.
Market Study and Insights of Skin Graft Market
A skin graft is defined as the extraction of donor skin from a separate body part/donor site of the patient, which is then transplanted to the required site to complete the skin grafting procedure. This procedure involves the extraction of skin that is usually hidden from view or covered, and it is used to reverse or reduce the complications caused by burns, various skin-based disorders, injuries, and various other complications.
Get sample report- https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/request-a-sample/?dbmr=global-skin-graft-market
One of the major factors driving the growth of the skin graft industry is the increasing number of skin burns on a daily basis. Second, any type of surgery performed on the human body damages the skin of that specific area, so the increasing number of human surgeries performed all over the world is another factor driving the growth of the skin grafts industry. Accidents or other diseases such as cancer, necrotizing fasciitis and skin damage requires removal or repair, which is also responsible for significant growth in the skin graft market. Increased levels of policies imposed for reimbursement of skin grafts and skin grafting procedures, resulting in increased market growth potential.
Global Skin Graft Market Opportunity and Market Proportions
Skin graft market is segmented on the basis of type, graft thickness, application, equipment type and end user. Each individual segment’s growth is analysed and these insights are subsequently considered before providing you with the market overview which can help you in understanding and identification of your core applications in the broad market.
Based on type, the skin graft market consists of allogeneic, autologous, xenogeneic, prosthetic and isogeneic.
On the basis of graft thickness, the skin graft market has been categorized as split-thickness, full-thickness and composite graft.
Skin graft market has been segmented based on application into burns, extensive wound, skin cancer and infection.
Based on equipment type, the market has been categorized as dermatome, general surgical instruments, consumables and others. Dermatome has been sub-segmented into knife dermatome, drum dermatome, electrical dermatome and air-powered dermatome, knife dermatome has been further sub-segmented into Blair/Brown knife, Watson knife, Cobbett knife whereas drum dermatome has been further sub-segmented into Padgett dermatome and Reese dermatome.
Skin graft market has also been segmented on the basis of end user into ambulatory surgical centres, hospitals, dermatology clinics, academic and research and others.
Skin Graft Market Share Study and Competitive Landscape
The skin graft market competitive landscape provides details by competitor. Details included are company overview, company financials, revenue generated, market potential, investment in research and development, new market initiatives, global presence, production sites and facilities, production capacities, company strengths and weaknesses, product launch, product width and breadth, application dominance. The above data points provided are only related to the companies’ focus related to skin graft market.
Access full report- https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/reports/global-skin-graft-market
Some of the major companies covered in the skin graft market report are
Smith & Nephew Plc,
MiMedx
Tissue Regenix
Integra LifeSciences Corporation
Organogenesis Inc.,
Zimmer Biomet,
NOUVAG AG,
De Soutter Medical,
Mallinckrodt,
B. Braun Melsungen AG,
AVITA Medical,
Surtex Instruments Limited,
Exsurco Medical, Inc.,
Specmed,
ConvaTec Inc.
CryoLife, Inc.,
Athersys Inc.
LifeNet Health
U.S. Stem Cell, Inc.
Isto Biologics
Allergan
MAJOR TOC OF THE REPORT
Chapter One: Introduction
Chapter Two: Market Segmentation
Chapter Three: Market Overview
Chapter Four: Executive Summary
Chapter Five: Premium Insights
Chapter Six: Global Skin Graft Market by Product & Procedure type
Get TOC of the report- https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/toc/?dbmr=global-skin-graft-market
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report101 · 2 years
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isiawgr-blog · 5 years
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