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#THIS IS BASIC ART 101 LIKE WHAT YOU LEARN IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
whiskeyswifty · 1 year
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eggtoasties · 3 years
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Chapter One: I. Allegro
Pairing: Kuroo Tetsuro x Reader
Rating: G
Word Count: 3.2k
Summary: Kuroo used to think the best sound in the world was a volleyball hitting the court on the other side of the net. Now, he has other things on his repertoire.
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Counter point: Good counterpoint requires two qualities: (1) a meaningful or harmonious relationship between the lines (a “vertical” consideration—i.e., dealing with harmony) and (2) some degree of independence or individuality within the lines themselves (a “horizontal” consideration, dealing with melody).
It was illogical really, Kuroo thought to himself, having to take a mandatory arts class. He was an athlete. He would probably major in STEM or business the next year if he didn’t go pro. But here he was, staring at the course catalogue, deciding between different bands, choirs, art classes, and orchestra. Irritatingly, Kenma had finished his arts requirement last year, taking a video editing class which Kuroo thought was definitely cheating since he figured Kenma already knew the basics. Plus, he not-so-secretly believed that Kenma would benefit from another non-electronic hobby.
Sighing, he assessed each class. He knew he was tone deaf and did not want others listening to him sing. Plus, he’s seen the red cummerbunds and bow ties the choir had to wear for concerts and refused to give his teammates the blackmail fodder even if Yaku thought it looked “refined.”
To be honest, Kuroo didn’t know much about the arts. He only had the vaguest understanding of the differences between Watercolor 101, Figure drawing 101, and Oil Painting 101. While he thought of himself in the studio, palette in hand with an apron tied around him, working intently at the easel on the next generational masterpiece, he remembered when Kenma threw his pencil-drawn mockups of promotional posters in the trash and told him not to show the rest of the team.
While maybe he could try digital media, he couldn’t help but imagine himself against the romanticized backdrop of more traditional arts.
He had to choose between the several band electives and orchestra. He couldn’t do marching band—he wouldn’t be caught dead in those uniforms, wind ensemble had auditions he surely wouldn’t pass, jazz band had mandatory solos, but symphonic band was for rookies. ‘Beginners welcome,’ was typed out with an asterisk under the listing. But, so did orchestra. Doing a quick search to figure out the difference between band and orchestra, Kuroo weighed his options.
He took piano lessons from ages four through ten before finally convincing his parents to let him quit—wearing them down by crying every week and throwing a mini tantrum at daily practice—not that he intentionally did it as an elementary school student. But, even from an early age, he knew volleyball was it for him.
While he wasn’t well acquainted with classical music, he had grown up with it from his parents. Well, when they were irritated with the bickering matches between him and his older sister, their parents would crank up the car radio, drowning their yelling. His mom would tell him she used to play Mozart for him when he was a baby which is why he grew so tall—which he would always say makes no sense—and occasionally, a film score would make the hairs on his arms rise even when he was trying to focus on the scene.
So he decided. He’d enroll in orchestra for the year, make himself unnoticeable in the back, and fulfill his arts requirement so he could graduate high school and maybe apply to university. Plus, he figured, as he ticked the box next to orchestra, he’d finally be able to wear his suit his parents bought him, saying that he’d need it eventually.
Folding the course registration paper and sliding it into an envelope to be sent to Nekoma High, he stood up from his seat at the low dining room table and decided to go to Kenma’s, figuring they could squeeze some volleyball practice before summer vacation ended.
.
The first day of his third year was unextraordinary. He woke up tired, coaxed his bed head into something manageable, and started his commute to school, picking Kenma up on the way. Double and triple checking his course schedule on his phone and reminding his teammates that they all had to help out in advertising the volleyball club—well, maybe except Yaku—he tapped his toes with a mix of nervousness and anticipation.
His classes were nothing special, most of them a continuation of the year before or courses he carefully picked with the advice of his seniors. But, walking towards the orchestra room at the far side of the building where all the music classes were, he felt a familiar rush of nervous adrenaline spike—not unlike the nerves before a big match. But this time, he couldn’t be confident in his own skills or rely on a team to back him up. Counting the room numbers until it matched the one on his registration, he found the room with its double doors propped open.
Striding in, the large open space was in various states of organized chaos. Other students were already moving chairs in uniform columns, two to a row, and were pulling instruments out of cases. Unsure of what to do, he immediately found the teacher.
“Hi Jouda-sensei, I’m Kuroo Tetsuro,” he introduced. “I’m new—where should I sit?”
“Hi Tetsuro-kun, it’s nice to meet you,” she said warmly. “Ah, yes I see you enrolled as a beginner.” Flipping through the pages on her clipboard she hummed, “Is there a particular instrument you’d like to play?” sweeping a hand across the room. “We could always use more violas, we have enough cellos, weirdly too many basses, but we could also stick you with the second violins?”
Kuroo didn’t quite know the difference between violas and violins but figured ‘second’ violins implied that there was also a ‘first’ violins group and that he’d be more likely to be able to hide in the back in a bigger group.
“Yeah,” he drawled out confidently, “I actually wanted to learn violin.”
“Okay, perfect. Here—” she motioned another student over. “Tetsuro-kun, meet Daisuke-kun.” Daisuke greeted Kuroo with a shallow bow and Kuroo responded with a head nod, mentally rolling his eyes at Daisuke’s subtle disapproval.
“He’s first chair of the second violins,” Jouda-sensei continued, “he’ll get you set up. Daisuke-kun, have him take one of the rentals and teach him the ropes. Today’s mostly getting people set up if they don’t have their own instruments and playing through potential setlists,” she explained while twirling her pen in her right hand. “Testsuro-kun, you’re our only new violin which means everyone can help you learn—take today to be comfortable with an instrument in your hands and observe your classmates!” she finished, walking away.
“I’m Sato Daisuke, a second year,” Daisuke reintroduced, emphasizing his year.
“Kuroo Tetsuro, third year,” he said smugly.
“Ah—okay,” Daisuke said standing straighter, “Kuroo-san, follow me,” turning towards the back of the room.
Chuckling Kuroo said, “Just Kuroo’s fine—you’re technically my senior here since I’ve never played violin before.”
Stuttering a bit and covering it with a cough, Daisuke nodded once. He stood in front of a wall of neatly labelled cubbies and pulling a black rectangular case out, he handed it to Kuroo. Explaining the rules of the rental and making him sign a form, Daisuke taught Kuroo how to properly tighten the bow, use rosin, clean the instrument, and taught him simple exercises to practice posture.
Fiddling a bit with the shoulder rest as Daisuke excused himself for a second, Kuroo ran through the exercises to get himself acquainted with the feel of the violin under his chin and a bow in his right hand. It was uncomfortable, he noted. His left shoulder wanted to scrunch up towards his face, his left wrist wanted to press towards the neck of the violin, and he couldn’t comfortably hold his bow. For the first time in a while, Kuroo felt out of his element—he felt as though his body couldn’t do what he wanted it to do. He felt awkward and unsure and the back of his neck prickled as he caught other students look his way.
Finally, Daisuke came back. Holding a thin blue book in his hand he explained, “This’ll teach you the basics of reading music. The thickest string on the left is G, followed by D, A, and E. Notes go in order of A through G and it just repeats.” Making sure Kuroo was following along, he continued. “So, If we start on the G string and put a finger down,” he moved over to place Kuroo’s index finger on the first tape, “what note is this?”
“A?”
“Yup, great. Follow the tapes for where you should put your fingers, I taught you how to tune and you need to study and practice every night so you’ll be able to partially follow along in class.”
Head a little dizzy with the new information but also proud to have understood some of the basics, Kuroo nodded. Daisuke took Kuroo to the back of the group, explained to a student who Kuroo was, then took his place towards the front.
Kuroo’s stand partner was a first year—Hayato. He’d been doing orchestra since middle school, didn’t take private lessons like many of the other students, but enjoyed orchestra enough to continue in high school as a hobby. Although a little awkward, Hayato was patient when giving Kuroo a more detailed explanation of reading music, since six years of piano lessons had completely left him, and set him up with basic exercises.
“You need to make sure your left wrist is down and relaxed,” Hayato said, tapping a pencil to Kuroo’s inner wrist. “Also, your bow grip is atrocious, but that’s one of the hardest things for a beginner.” He showed Kuroo how the bow was supposed to be held, stressing how it should look relaxed and curved.
Making small adjustments while Kuroo shakily moved the bow across the strings, Hayato said, “Sensei will probably have you come during study hall to practice, but you need to practice at home too or Sato-san and the concertmaster will probably chew you out.”
Bow stuttering crookedly across the strings, making Sato tut at him, Kuroo paused. “The concertmaster,” he asked disbelievingly. “What is that?” imagining some despotic conductor in long tuxedo trails and a clipboard.
Laughing at his confusion, Hayato explained. “The concertmaster is the first chair violinist. In orchestra they’re like the leader of the group. They tune the group, come out second to last before the conductor during concerts, make decisions on bowings, and everyone kinda follows their lead.”
Nodding to himself Kuroo said, “Okay, so he’s like,” he trailed off, “the captain of the team?”
“Exactly. Except she’s a third year like you and pretty well known in the music scene in our area, y’know.”
Frowning at his assumption he admitted, “Ah, okay so,” he trailed off, “concertmistress? I play volleyball, I don’t really know music.”
Hayato laughed and Kuroo raised a brow. “I mean obviously—you don’t really look like a violinist.”
Affronted Kuroo said, “Oi, what does that mean?”
“Kuroo-san, you’re like, huge,” Hayato squeaked out.
Trying not to preen, Kuroo waved his hand and turned his head towards the front of the class.
Jouda-sensei stood on her podium and tapped her baton on the raised stand in front of her. “Hi everyone, good to see all of you again. We have a few new faces so make sure to welcome them and help them out. I’m super excited for our potential set list this year, but before I pass out the folders, let’s a hear a few words from our concertmistress!”
With scattered applause and stomping, a girl rose to the podium as Jouda-sensei stepped off. Holding her violin and bow in her left hand she beamed at the class. Briefly introducing herself and sharing her excitement for the year to make music with everyone, Jouda-sensei interrupted her return to her seat.
“For the first rehearsal, how about you formally tune us?” Jouda-sensei offered.
“Aw, no it’s okay—some people are beginners and all the section leaders already took care of it right?”
Next to her, her stand partner threw an eraser at the podium making her scowl. “Just do it, her stand partner complained,” drawing laughter from the class.
Giving her partner the finger, hidden from their sensei’s view, she laughed good naturedly and straightened her shoulders.
All of a sudden, Kuroo noted, the atmosphere in the room changed. Students were no longer whispering to each other, playing random tunes, or shuffling in their seats. Everyone’s eyes were on her at the podium. She offered an open palm and nodded towards the back of the room. A single note penetrated the silence.
She swept her hand towards the back and Kuroo was suddenly flooded with the sound of the deep and rich brass section. After a few seconds, she repeated the process and the woodwind instruments close to Kuroo in the back began to tune.
Hayato leaned towards Kuroo. “Before concerts and rehearsals everyone should’ve tuned beforehand. This more for last minute checks and also a show for the audience. The order and how many sections tune at once is usually decided between the concertmaster and the conductor—Kuroo-san, we’ll tune last.”
Nodding in appreciation, Kuroo turned his attention back to the podium. The woodwinds trailed off and after a beat of silence, she nodded once again for the tuning note to be played and she waved her hand towards the cellos and basses at her right. The gravelly resonance of the strings filled Kuroo with a strange sense of full contentment and marveled at the size of the basses, whose strings seemed to be quadruple the thickness of his own.
Finally, the concertmaster gave one last nod and tucked her violin under her chin. Hearing the drone of the pitch, everyone around Kuroo began to tune. Unsure of what to do, he stumbled to mimic Hayato who was adjusting his tuners. Since Sato Daisuke already tuned his instrument, Kuroo just played open strings and waited for the rest of his section to stop. Glancing to his left at Kuroo’s right hand, Hayato whispered sharply, “Keep your pinky curved!”
.
After tuning, folders were passed out to each student, filed with sheet music. Hayato organized the sheets on their stand.
“Since you’re on the inside—the left hand side of the stand—your job is to turn my pages,” he explained. “It’ll be good practice to see if you can follow along even if you can’t read, but no worries if you want to spend today just watching and listening.”
Thanking Hayato and teasing when he fumbled in embarrassment, Kuroo spent the rest of class in awe. Although the group was seeing the pieces for the first time, he couldn’t help the goosebumps on his arms as the orchestra came together. Even when he heard Hayato miss a note, noticed when the conductor would glare at a section, or when they had to stop and regroup, listening to individual instruments try come together as one left Kuroo wanting to be a part of it. From the inside, he watched as bows moved in unison and fingers slid up and down the necks of stringed instruments. He was hyper aware of the instruments behind him providing support to the main melody, and leaned towards them to catch their individual parts.
He set his gaze towards the front of the room and watched the concertmaster. Powerful yet graceful, her bow made sure movements across the strings, fingers moving quickly and accurately. Her body swayed with the music and her face, unlike Hayato’s, was not one of extreme concentration. She seemed focused as she watched the conductor and indicated entrances to her section through her body, but despite the multi-tasking, it was clear to Kuroo that she was having fun.
She trusted her section to follow along, for her stand partner to flip the pages at the right times, and for the rest of the orchestra to do their parts. When Jouda-sensei made the class begin again, she would lean towards her stand partner and share whispered giggles and Kuroo caught the glint of shiny pink polish and traced the way her hair fell across her shoulders.
He knew what being a captain was like—he had been captain since he was voted in at the end of his second year and he wondered how long she’d been playing for, how much she practices, and how she encourages her section. He wondered what the differences and similarities were between leading a team and an orchestra were—the differences and similarities between them, even.
At the end of class Kuroo promised to himself to practice a little every day to be able to play with the group and hold his own. For the rest of the school day, he idly hummed the melodies they had played in class and replayed images of bows and hands moving in unison.
.
In the club room before practice, Kuroo came in with his violin case. Greeting his teammates, he started to change.
Loosening his tie and pulling his sweater over his head, Kuroo heard Lev ask about his case. Swapping his school top for his practice one, Kenma responded.
“Kuroo’s taking orchestra for his arts credit.”
“Why would you take a band credit, you should’ve taken sculpture like I did,” Yamamoto exclaimed proudly.
“Your sculptures were ugly,” Kenma said evenly, over the sounds of his video game.
Before Yamamoto could respond, Fukunaga menacingly shook his water bottle at the two of them causing Kenma to turn his back and hunch defensively over his game.
Narrowing his eyes at Kenma, Yamamoto turned his attention back to Kuroo who was idly flipping through the practice book Daisuke had given him.
“Yeah Kuroo, band classes are so much work when you’ve gotta learn the instrument, why’d you enroll?”
Before Kuroo could respond Yaku jumped to Yamamoto’s side and jabbed him. “Band and orchestra are two different things you uncultured swine!”
Doubled over and grasping his stomach, Yamamoto glared tearfully at his senior, then directed his glare towards Lev who was slapping his knee in laughter.
“Kuroo-san,” Lev shouted, “can you play us something?” he asked excitedly.
Gaining the interest of the rest of the team, everyone crowded around Kuroo, nodding in unison. He rubbed the back of his head in uncertainty.
“I’ve literally just learned how to play. I don’t know if you’d really want me to.”
“We really want you to!” Lev said, encouraging him to open his case.
Begrudgingly, Kuroo went to his violin and briefly explained how to setup and tune, to the amazement of some of his teammates. Even Kenma peered curiously over his video game in the corner. He tucked the instrument under his chin, carefully held his bow and placed the hair on the A string and played. Kuroo focused intently on ensuring that his bow grip was loose, but secure, that his pinky and thumb were curved and that his bow was making straight lines across the string.
As Kuroo looked over to his teammates, he noticed Yaku’s shoulders starting to shake while he pointed a finger at him.
“I-Is that the best you can do?” Yaku nearly screamed, howling in laughter. “You’re not even moving your f-fingers!”
To Kuroo’s embarrassment, the rest of the team tried desperately to hold in their laughter and Lev deadpanned, “That kinda sucked, senpai.”
Stuttering out an indignant scoff, Kuroo’s brow furrowed, “I told you I just learned this today! A-and posture is important you heathens!” shaking his bow at Lev and Yaku.
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bigguywithredhand · 7 years
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Dumbing of Age. Webcomic Sins
 Comic is here: http://www.dumbingofage.com/
Automatically giving Willis 10 sins for using an genre that has been already touched in webcomics for years. In the setting which is college students. If AppleGeeks did it. What makes you special?
 Willis basically uses his characters from his own works instead of making another set of characters with different ideas. It's like painting two cups the exact same and exact shade of  color except one has a red dot that is small and insignificant about the cup. Way too many protagonists, I lose track about almost all of these characters. Megatokyo feels more structured than this and that was a weeaboo nightmare.   
Joyce is put as way too sheltered for her character, even when I was in elementary school and out of private school. I still at least had common sense. Joyce basically is so sheltered that she seriously believed her room mate played with toys of actual action figures. I know that Joyce is basically you Willis, but it seems so far fetched that you are this racist, this naiive, and sure as hell has not at least learned about the dangers of date rape drugs or basically the rules of don't let anyone give you a drink at a party. I'm not blaming the victim, but I am blaming the creator of the fictional victim. I understand that rape prevention doesn't help as much as we think it does. But basically having your character being so naiive at this is not only mindnumbing, it's practically jaw dropping cringe.
 Walky is a gary-sue, nothing of his character makes any sense whatsoever. If you don't study, you don't pass a test. That's basically common knowledge, this could had been a real good opportunity for Willis to break the whole notion that kids who don't study don't go too far in college. But instead of that, Willis is too focused on the political standpoint that Walky has to have every single damn moment from Joyce.
 Dorthy tries her best to have her own future which is understandable. -4 sins for just having that character development and wanting growth. But it kinda destroys the whole formula when Dorthy basically dumps Danny for not having an aspirations in his life and dates Walky for doing the same thing that Danny currently is doing.
Ruth is a shitty RA and would had been fired already in so many cases at this point. Willis keeps her around for Billy. 20 sins for this horrible viewing of lesbianism, no woman would seriously date another woman if they were abusive and bullying at this point. Ruth is at this limit of being a clossal cunt because her world is fucking falling over the place and she takes it out on Billy.
Billy basically is trying her best to be popular again, but doesn't realize that people don't give a rats ass about your shitty high school life. They only care what you do now as a college person.
Sarah is... ugh. It's horrendous on how this author treats this character. But HERE WE GO. Sarah is basically the typical black sistah best friend stereotype. No matter where we go in the story, Sarah never really changes and this angers me as an African American. I feel like this author really doesn't have black women in the form of what they are supposed to be. And I'm pretty sure not all black women are this mother-hen stereotypical big momma/madea ready to throw down their earrings. Sarah is violent  and always angry for whatever reason. She alienates practically everyone around her for her no nonsense bullshit.
Roz basically can do wahtever Roz wants because she's a democrat. And it shows greatly. I don't know if Willis is trying to put her as a parody but pretty much Roz doesn't listen to anyone. She thinks that because she's right that means she is pretty much in the right. But that's not correct. Because you are right, it matters up to you to use that correct answer you have in the most ethical way possible. And sleeping with someone to cause controversial movement against your sister is not right. It's not ethical. And frankly we all take it as a grain of salt. Which is understandable. (No. It's not.)
Amber is basically an emotional tramuatize idiot who thinks that she can do anything. Amber is such a mary-sue as well is that she believe she can be batman. The reason why she's a mary sue is because the character is not really in shape. She's overweight and she basically doesn't do any form of exercise whatsoever. Instead of going out to the local campus gym and work out like Batman has actually done (he has a gymnasium. The guy is fucking ripped for a reason.) and actually has done some form of martial arts. Amber just dons on a cape and say “I AM AMAZI GIRL!” and does a deep voice but she doesn't even cover her head. Because you know. Who else would recognize Amber. Right? RIGHT!? RIGHT!?!? 40. Fucking. Sins. For the whole thing on that.
The antagonists are not really diverse, they all come into the typical jockstrap/white privilege idiots. Because you know black or people of color can never do bad. I'm sinning this because despite what white people has done. People of color attack their own people. They have done it before. I'm a victim of sexaul assualt from my own family cousin who was dark-skinned. Tell me in my face that we are all so not criminals. Please Willis. I want you to. 20 sins.
Sal is a mary sue as well who can't wrap her head that her family hates her because she's dark skin. (By the way. She's basically the same color as Walky.) And she blanantly ignores her constant behavior. Sal has even robbed a liquor store once. But oh definitely it's the darker skin that's the issue. Mary Jane Watson didn't accept my request to the prom. It was totally not because I asked her while  I had no deordant and acne. It's totally because I'm brighter than normal black people. (Sarcasm by the way)
Art style is shit. Same faces. EVERY FUCKING WHERE. THE COLORS OF THE  SKIN IS SO LIGHT I CAN'T TELL THE DIFFERENCE TO GIVE A FUCK ABOUT SAL'S ISSUE WITH WALKY. AND WAAAAAAAAAAH (translation: Same face syndrome is bad. It's bad because it shows no creativity. 1 sin. Because graphics aren't everything to an art form as long as the message really sticks)
The author will probably call me an transphobic or whatever homophobic or whatever he can pull out. I so want him to do so. Please call the person who has trans friends, homosexaul friends, bisexual friends, asexual friends, and even many more people who of different religions and races as friends. And by the way, Left leaning independent. Take your best shot.
Sin Count: 101 sins.
Punishment: Sunday School.
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evnoweb · 6 years
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OTR Links 07/30/2018
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Pop!_OS 18.04: the state of the art in GNU/Linux on desktop – Aral Balkan
Pop!_OS 18.04: the state of the art in GNU/Linux on desktop https://t.co/DOJMs4bB9L via @flipboard
— Doug Peterson (@dougpete) July 29, 2018
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Dell XPS 13 Now Shipping With Brand New Version Of Ubuntu Linux
Dell XPS 13 Now Shipping With Brand New Version Of Ubuntu Linux https://t.co/lWDogBXzoX via @flipboard
— Doug Peterson (@dougpete) July 29, 2018
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Tech 101: Don’t use hit music from Ed Sheeran and others in your videos, it’s not cool.
Tech 101: Don’t use hit music in your videos, it’s not cool. https://t.co/vqhK7WPzGO via @flipboard
— Doug Peterson (@dougpete) July 29, 2018
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Odds of stanching illegal handgun flow low for police and lawmakers – The Globe and Mail
Odds of stanching illegal handgun flow low for police and lawmakers – The Globe and Mail https://t.co/o5dNZJ5Ccz
— Doug Peterson (@dougpete) July 29, 2018
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Farewell to the Tragically Hip
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http://flip.it/Ozs3bl
10 ways to craft compelling Snapchat and Instagram Stories https://t.co/gRlLNmsppW via @flipboard
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http://flip.it/J_D3.k
16 Survival Tips From The 1900s That Are Still Brilliant Today https://t.co/dBrBKv33lw via @flipboard
— Doug Peterson (@dougpete) July 29, 2018
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‘Scutoid’ is a new geometric shape that looks like a ‘twisted prism’
Squares and circles are so basic. Get down with this new shape, the scutoid. https://t.co/xgqeP7ZCNw via @flipboard
— Doug Peterson (@dougpete) July 29, 2018
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A veterinarian explains what dog and cat years really mean | Popular Science
A veterinarian explains what dog and cat years really mean https://t.co/FjAaHLGkx8 via @flipboard
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Chrome, Firefox rein in memory-hogging websites – CNET
Chrome, Firefox rein in memory-hogging websites https://t.co/jRAymN15K4 via @flipboard
— Doug Peterson (@dougpete) July 29, 2018
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Trump Administration Is Retroactively Revoking Passports For Transgender Women, Forcing Them To Prove Gender
Trump Administration Is Retroactively Revoking Passports For Transgender Women, Forcing Them To Prove Gender https://t.co/jIOs5fjDM3 via @flipboard
— Doug Peterson (@dougpete) July 29, 2018
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http://flip.it/8_c_LE
New- Plagiarism Check Is Now Integrated with Google Classroom https://t.co/MSbtglFjrQ via @flipboard
— Doug Peterson (@dougpete) July 29, 2018
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3D-printed guns in America will be legal from Aug. 1, 2018 — Quartz
The age of 3D-printed guns in America is here https://t.co/VpncQ0fpL5 via @flipboard
— Doug Peterson (@dougpete) July 29, 2018
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8 Essential Apps Made For The Modern Driver • Gear Patrol
8 Essential Apps Made For The Modern Driver https://t.co/uL1Ko9Gcak via @flipboard
— Doug Peterson (@dougpete) July 29, 2018
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Flipboard on Flipboard
Apple Said to Be Removing Headphone Jack From Upcoming 2018 iPad Pro Models https://t.co/v1SyfRa0Bs via @flipboard
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How to Read Education Data Without Jumping to Conclusions – The Atlantic
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— Doug Peterson (@dougpete) July 29, 2018
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Mark Zuckerberg Loses Nearly $17 Billion After Facebook Shares Plunge
Mark Zuckerberg Lost 20% Of His Net Worth Yesterday, More Money Than Rupert Murdoch’s TOTAL Net Worth https://t.co/w5AGnIkTyt via @flipboard
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Installing and getting started with Python – DEV Community
Installing and getting started with Python https://t.co/ZXAiKoAc32 via @flipboard
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Does your vacation rental have hidden cameras? Here’s how to find out – CNET
Does your vacation rental have hidden cameras? Here’s how to find out https://t.co/wO8QpFsttO via @flipboard
— Doug Peterson (@dougpete) July 29, 2018
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Flipped Learning 2.0: Rethinking the Flipped Classroom Model
Flipped Learning 2.0: Rethinking the Flipped Classroom Model https://t.co/UtxAwwb4k0 via @flipboard
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Whatever happened to … – doug — off the record
Whatever happened to … https://t.co/N7dRhjQVN9 pic.twitter.com/RjlXDN5qHJ
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Twitter
Whatever happened to … https://t.co/N7dRhjQVN9 pic.twitter.com/RjlXDN5qHJ
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OTR Links 07/29/2018 – doug — off the record
OTR Links 07/29/2018 https://t.co/3Th0hKW6cD
— Doug Peterson (@dougpete) July 29, 2018
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Posted from Diigo. The rest of my favorite links are here.
OTR Links 07/30/2018 published first on https://medium.com/@DigitalDLCourse
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pamphletstoinspire · 6 years
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Catholic Physics - Reflections of a Catholic Scientist - Part 101 - Truth Cannot Contradict Truth - Part 10
With Images:
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/catholic-physics-reflections-scientist-part-101-truth-harold-baines-5f/?published=t
SCIENCE BACKGROUND - PART 1
Lakatos “Scientific Research Programme” - black arrows indicate direction of foundation information flow; red arrows indicate direction of feedback information flow. - (Diagram made by RJK) - [Caption for linked image]
“To develop a complete mind: Study the art of science; study the science of art. Learn how to see. Realize that everything connects to everything else” — Leonardo DaVinci
SECTION 1: Elements of the Physics of Motion
1.1 INTRODUCTION
This section is for those students who don’t remember (or perhaps never were taught) elementary physics. I hope to give some qualitative notions of some basic concepts in physics and to do so with a minimum of mathematics, using pictures, animations and links to available explanations on the web.  So, dear reader, imagine you’re living in pre-Renaissance Europe, and are listening to those Medieval monks explain what they think about motion, and how it differs from what Aristotle had to say.
1.2 DISTANCE, VELOCITY, ACCELERATION
First, let’s consider distance. I believe all you readers have an intuitive notion of what distance is: you draw a straight line between point A and point B and the length of that line is the distance between points A and B.¹
What is velocity, then? Velocity is a rate, distance per time. (And, to be fussy, velocity has direction; “speed” is the magnitude of velocity; you don’t care what the direction is; velocity is “speed” plus direction.)
Now I ask your pardon, dear reader to bear with me while I inject just a little math to make the concept clear. Suppose it’s four miles to the nearest rest stop on the thruway and you must get there in five minutes (or less–I won’t ask why.  How fast do you have to travel or what should your car’s velocity be? Your rate of travel, speed, must be four miles in five minutes, or 4miles/ 5 minutes, or as it would be written conventionally, 4/5 miles/minute; in other words, distance divided by time.  Since there are 60 minutes in an hour, a little arithmetic shows you would have to travel 60x (4/5) miles/hour or 48 mph². And here’s an equation (again, pardon)
v= d/t  where v is velocity, d is distance and t is time to travel that distance
What is acceleration? It’s also a rate, the change in velocity divided by the corresponding change in time. Let’s turn again to an example with some numbers. Fresh out of grad school I bought a MG TD (red, no less!).  The MG was not, to use my grandson’s lingo, “zippy.” From a standing start, it could get to a speed of 42 mph in about 20 seconds (real sports cars take only about 5 seconds to get to 60 mph).  This acceleration rate corresponds happily (for nice numbers) to about 1 (m/s)/s or 1 m/s².   So we have acceleration, a, given by the gain in velocity over the time, t, it takes to achieve that change:
a = (change in v) / t
Here’s an illustration to give you some notion of what acceleration and velocity look like. It’s the MG TD performing as above, going from 0 to 42 mph in 20 s and thereafter at the constant speed of 42 mph. The shots correspond to 4 s intervals from 8s to 28 s. (Caption for linked image below)
Velocities at 4 second intervals from 8s to 28 s. Acceleration is 1 m/s^2, to get to 42 mph in 20 s. Acceleration ceases at 20 seconds, so velocity is constant from 20 seconds to 28 seconds; the speed is listed above each car image; the arrow length corresponds (roughly) to the velocity:
An easy way to think about constant acceleration is that the distance covered in a given time is average velocity multiplied by the time.  The average velocity is just (1/2) (v_beginning + v_end).³
As pointed out in ESSAY 1, SECTION 3.2, Nicolas Oresme had derived these relations between velocity, distance and acceleration by a graphical analysis, 100 years before Galileo.  However, it was Galileo who did the science: confirmed the theory by experiment.
Inclined Plane used by Galileo to measure relation between distance, velocity and acceleration (Caption for linked image)
How did Galileo set up an experiment where the motion would be slow enough for him to measure time, distances and speed? Acceleration of falling bodies would be too fast.  Here’s the experiment, done in elementary physics lab classes.  An inclined plane, as in the illustration below, length L, is set up so that the top end of the plane is a height h above the ground. A ball or cylinder rolls down the plane and you measure distance traveled in given times. Now if the plane were to be vertical (h=L), the ball would fall with an acceleration that of gravity (9.8 m/s²) and that would be too fast. If the plane is flat (h=0), the ball would not roll at all (hey! that’s poetry?). Clearly the acceleration is going to vary as the height h changes.  It turns out that the acceleration is proportional to h/L. It will be the same–independent of size or material–for a given shape sliding or rolling down the plane.
1.3 MOMENTUM
How do objects acquire velocity, that is accelerate? Buridan in the 14th Century had ideas about velocity that anticipated Galileo and Newton centuries later. He said that a moving body had “impetus,” the heavier the body moving at a given velocity, the more impetus it had.  If you threw a ball, the motion of your arm gave the ball its impetus. “Impetus” is what we now call “momentum” and define as
momentum = mass x velocity
Mass is what we ordinarily think of as weight, but to be fussy, weight is really mass times the force of gravity. You can think of mass as resistance to change in motion, what would technically be termed “inertia.”
Here’s an example to give you some intuitive notion about momentum: the MG TD referred to above is a very light car, weighing only about 1/2 ton (1000 pounds); a late model Cadillac is much heavier, weighing about two tons. Accordingly, the mass of the Caddy is about four times greater than that of the MG.  So, if the MG were traveling at 40 mph and the Caddy at (1/4)x 40 mph = 10 mph, they would have equal momentum (if they were traveling in the same direction–remember, velocity has direction, speed does not).  This is illustrated below.
Caddy (top) is moving 1/4 as fast as MG(below) but has 4 times the mass; so the momentum of the Caddy and the MG are the same. (Caption for linked image)
1.4 FORCE
What causes a body to accelerate, acquire velocity? Again, Buridan had the right qualitative notion: the body acquired impetus because of an action by an agent, you, throwing the ball with your arm. In this notion there is an implied notion of force, which Newton (17th century) made explicit by his Second Law of Motion:
Force = mass x acceleration
more generally if mass doesn’t stay constant (think of an example involving liquids!)
Force = change of momentum/change of time
For the first definition, go back to the example of the accelerating MG: the force is provided by friction between the tires and the road, the tires— wheels — are made to go round by the engine turning a drive-shaft.
For the second definition, think of a pitcher winding up and releasing a baseball moving at 90 mph as depicted in this video . The baseball has a mass of about 0.15 kg (or about 0.3 lbs) If you go frame by frame in the video, you’ll see that it takes less than 10 ms (0.01 s) for the pitcher to start his windup and release the ball; that’s the change in time for the baseball to acquire its velocity of 90 mph (we’ll neglect air friction slowing the ball down). So, fussing with units — I don’t need for you all to mess with the arithmetic — you get a force of about 650 Newtons required.
For comparison, the force of gravity on the baseball is about 1.5 Newtons. If air friction is neglected, from what height would the ball have to fall to get this 90 mph velocity? About 100 yards. Why the greater force to throw the ball this fast?  Because the force of the throw is acting for only a short period of time, during the pitcher’s windup, whereas gravity will be acting all during the fall.
1.5 KINDS OF ENERGY; CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
There are two other physics concepts, as important as velocity, acceleration and force, that bear on motion, and those are energy and work.  I’ll talk about “Work” in Section 2, below, but here are some ideas about the different kinds of energy. To get an intuitive idea of this, let’s go into more detail about how the MG acquires velocity.
First, fuel is burnt in the cylinders to move the pistons up and down and thereby rotate the shaft that turns the rear wheels around, moving them against the friction of the road.  We have then chemical energy from the gasoline combining with oxygen (burning) converted to mechanical energy.  The energy of motion is called “kinetic energy” and is given by the formula
Kinetic Energy = (1/2) mass x velocity^2 (the “^2” means “squared”)
Another important form of energy is “potential energy,” energy a body has by virtue of its position. Let’s think about what this means. When you let a ball roll down an inclined plane it has zero kinetic energy at the top and kinetic energy at the bottom after it’s accelerated due to gravity and acquired velocity.  So where does that kinetic energy come from?  To balance the energy books we say the ball at the top of the plane has potential energy that can be converted to kinetic energy.  This potential energy is given (for gravity at the surface of the earth) by
Potential Energy = mass x g x h= mgh
where g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s^2), h is the height above the bottom
This is illustrated below: (Caption for linked image)
Potential Energy Changed to Kinetic Energy as Ball Rolls down the Inclined Plane.
An important principle of physics is that energy is conserved.  What does that mean? It means that energy doesn’t disappear into nowhere, for example:
kinetic energy, energy of motion is lost due to friction, but is converted to the same amount of heat energy;
kinetic energy, energy of motion is lost due to work done, moving the MG up a hill–the work done is equal to the amount of kinetic energy lost; the work done is equal to the gain in potential energy at the end;
chemical energy of the gasoline is converted to kinetic energy less friction losses in the engine and drive shaft.
Accordingly, the energy bank account balances: input (at the beginning) of chemical energy, gasoline in the fuel tank = kinetic energy at the end of the drive, when the fuel tank is empty + energy lost due to friction of the tires with the road, engine and drive shaft friction + work done due to a net change in height level at the end or gain in potential energy.
In SECTION 2, I’ll have more to say about the science of energy, “Thermodynamics,” particularly these two important laws: The First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics.
1.6 NOTES
¹Let me add a cautionary note physicswise: if you are traveling between A and B (home and the local fastfood place, let’s say) and you wander around, make side-trips, the distance is still the length of the line between beginning and ending points.  If you want to get total mileage traveled, then you have to draw straight lines between each of the intermediate starting and stopping points and add the lengths up.
² Since each hour contains 60 minutes, you would have to go 60 (minutes/hour) x (4/5) (miles/minute) or 60 x (4/5) (miles/hour)= 48 (miles/hour).
³For our example, the distance covered by the accelerating MG between 12 seconds (v_beginning = 25 mph) and 16 seconds (v_end=33mph) is just
(1/2) (25+33) (miles/hour) x(1 hour/ (3600 seconds) x (16-12) seconds or about 56 yards
SECTION 2: Thermodynamics, the Science of Energy
“It looks full of hard words and signs and numbers, not very entertaining or understandable looking, and I wonder whether it will make people wiser or better.’ So wrote a cousin of Josiah Willard Gibbs when she happened onto a copy of his most famous paper on thermodynamics lying on his desk.” — As quoted from Order and Chaos, by Stanley Angrist and Loren Hepler.
Diagram of the Second Law of Thermodynamics for a Heat Engine; from Wikimedia Commons (Caption for linked image)
From the uncoiling energetics of DNA to the information lost into black holes, thermodynamics enters into every field of science. The Second Law of Thermodynamics, all about order and disorder — you can’t (realistically) unscramble eggs — is perhaps the most fundamental of those principles at the inner core of the Lakatos sphere.  Einstein’s comment about thermodynamics says it all:
“A theory is the more impressive the greater the simplicity of its premises, the more different kinds of things it relates, and the more extended its area of applicability. Therefore the deep impression that classical thermodynamics made upon me. It is the only physical theory of universal content which I am convinced will never be overthrown, within the framework of applicability of its basic concepts.” — Albert Einstein (author), Paul Arthur, Schilpp (editor). Autobiographical Notes. A Centennial Edition. Open Court Publishing Company.
In this section I’ll try to explain some fundamental concepts in thermodynamics and to explore what the First and Second Laws of thermodynamics tell us about the world (and God?).
2.1 WORK
What do we mean in physics by the term “work”?   It means applied force times distance moved.  If you apply a force — push against a stone wall — but don’t move the wall, you may work up a sweat, but you haven’t done any work.  These ideas are illustrated below.  In the two diagrams below, a basket is moved up a distance d. The force applied is the weight, mg, due to gravity: F=mg; the distance moved is “d.”  So the work W is given by
Work = applied force times distance moved or W = mg X d
weight (basket) before being lifted. The basket is at height h above ground.The potential energy is then mgh. (Caption for linked image)
basket after being lifted a distance d. the basket is now a height h+d above the ground and the potential energy is mg(h+d) (Caption for linked image)
In the next two diagrams the basket is moved across a table against a resisting frictional force, Fr.  Again the basket moves a distance d, so the Work done on the basket is W=FrXd. (Caption for linked image)
Basket before being moved. (Caption for linked image)
Basket after being moved a distance d against a frictional force Fr. (Caption for linked image)
I should emphasize that the examples given are for “mechanical work. I also want to emphasize again that doing work is more than exerting a force. Work is force times distance force moved.
2.2 WORK, HEAT AND ENERGY
To repeat: there are many kinds of energy: for example, mechanical; electrical; magnetic, chemical, heat. All these forms of energy can be converted to work and work can be changed into these several forms of energy. (See this interesting video about conversion of different forms of energy.)
In the first example above, a basket is pulled up a distance d against the force of gravity, mg;
the work done, mgd, is converted to the increase in potential energy: before the lift the potential energy was mgh; after the lift the potential energy was mg (h+d) (the height above the ground of the basket has increased to h+d) so the difference (after – before) is just mgd.
In the second example the work done does not increase the potential energy of the basket —it’s still at the same height. Where has the energy which should have been produced by the work gone?  Recall that the basket moved against a frictional force.  What form of energy is produced by friction? Heat! Here again is an account of Joule’s experiment on the conversion of work to heat:
History of Thermodynamics: James Joule: Work—>Heat
Diagram of Joule’s Apparatus for Measuring the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat from Wikimedia Commons (Caption for linked image)
As the weight falls, the potential energy of the weight is converted into work done (a paddle stirs the water in the container against a frictional force due to water viscosity).  The temperature rise corresponding to a given fall of weights (work done) yields the amount of heat rise (in calories) of the known mass of water.¹  Since the temperature rise is very small, the measurements have to be very accurate.
It took 30 to 50 years after Joule’s definitive experiment (and subsequent refinements and repetitions) for the kinetic theory of heat — heat caused by random, irregular motion of atoms and molecules–to be fully accepted by the scientific community.  James Clerk Maxwell published in 1871 a paper, “Theory of Heat”. This comprehensive treatise and advances in thermodynamics convinced scientists finally to accept that heat was a form of energy related to the kinetic energy (the energy of motion) of the atoms and molecules in a substance.
2.3 CONSERVATION OF ENERGY — THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
The conservation of mechanical energy was discussed in Section 1: the potential energy of a body a height h above the ground is equal to its kinetic energy just before it hits the ground, where the potential energy is zero.  The First Law of Thermodynamics states the conservation of energy in a more general way:
ΔE = Q + W
We focus here on a “system.”  The system might be a container of water, it might be the earth, or anything of interest with some boundaries that are closed (by “closed” we mean that no matter crosses the boundaries of the system). “Q” is the heat absorbed by the system; W is the work done on the system; ΔE is the change in energy of the system.²
An early statement (1850) of the First Law was given by the German physicist Rudolf Clausius:
“In all cases in which work is produced by the agency of heat, a quantity of heat is consumed which is proportional to the work done; and conversely, by the expenditure of an equal quantity of work an equal quantity of heat is produced.
Clausius also gave a definitive statement for the Second Law, but before discussing that I’d like to talk about how the Second Law developed and the concept of entropy came to be.
2.4 THE SECOND LAW: HEAT ENGINES.
One pedestal of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th Centuries was the heat engine, designed
NOTES
¹Here’s how the amount of heat transferred to the water,Q, is determined. Q is related to the temperature rise, ΔT, as follows: Q = C ΔT.  C is the “heat capacity,” which is proportional to the amount of water in the apparatus and a constant, specific heat capacity, c, that depends on the substance. For liquid water at ordinary temperatures, c= 1 calorie/ (gram x degree Centigrade).or 4181 Joules/(kilogram x degree Centigrade).
²If we were to conform strictly to current usage we would use ΔU rather than ΔE, where U is the “internal energy” of the system (as distinct from kinetic energy of the system, for example). This “Internal Energy” is defined by the First Law:.the Change in U is given by Q+W, but the “zero” of U is arbitrary. For example, if you’re concerned with chemical reactions you can define a zero of U for elements in their most stable state under standard conditions (e.g. oxygen as O2, diatomic molecules, at 25 degrees Centigrade and 1 atm pressure—if oxygen were behaving as an ideal gas).But why make things more complicated than necessary? The goal of this discussion is to achieve an intuitive understanding of what thermodynamics is about, not to pass a final exam.
From a series of articles written by: Bob Kurland - a Catholic Scientist
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huskyfelix · 7 years
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According to your education system, I should be in 12th grade right? It's not really like that in SG. We have two most basic levels of education that is compulsory and takes 10 years to complete, basically we start at 6, then we take a national exam when we are 12, then we go to secondary school, where the atmosphere is very different and everyone studies lol. When we are in secondary 2 (for u it's 8th grade), we pick certain subjects that we want to take, and between different arts and sciences
Such as literature and geography and history, music or higher arts, and also between biology, physics and chemistry. (My subject combination was literature, half history, full chemistry and full physics). Then after that we take the national exams when we are secondary 4, which is 10th grade for you, and then we all diverge into different paths. You can go to polytechnics, junior colleges or ITE. Most people go for poly, but I'm going for JC, because I'm not really sure what I want to do in uni
But in JC, there are 2 different streams, science stream and arts stream. They mirror the subjects you took in secondary school, and normally it's harder to get into science stream than arts stream, but my passion lies in English, literature and hopefully economics, which is an arts combination. Science stream is more of a combination of biology, physics, chemistry and maths. I have to take a compulsory science subject, so I'm taking math! Wow this is really long, but I hope it helps :) ~ʕ•ٹ•ʔ
Complete side note lmao idk how the unit works but apparently it's over and none of my fave got in, ahh nvm ~ʕ•ٹ•ʔ ((u can ignore this if u want))
WOW, okay okay, it’s so detailed. Thank you it helps me a lot, I really like know this kind of stuff tho~ After I read it, I realized that actually we have pretty similar education system. It’s just different in the time when we allowed to choose which stream we want to learn more. Because you tell me about your education system, I want to tell you mine too lol. So in here we have to finish at least 12 years study consist of: elementary school (6 years), middle school (3 years), and high school/vocational high school (3 years). Which we’ll chose the stream we want to learn more at first year of high school. In here, we named it “science stream”, “social stream”, and “literature stream” (even not all school in here has “literature stream”, but this stream does exist XD), which actually it’s completely the same as science and art stream in yours, just different in term (And you know what? I was in social stream when I was high school, so, we’re somewhat the same! Even for compulsory science subject I took biology since I’m sucks in math lol XD). After we finished the 12 years study, we could continue to the higher education, like University (whether the undergraduate degree or bachelor degree - both of these still have stream system for the entrance exams) and Polytechnic. Similar right? XD
And the unit, I don’t understand either. But isn’t it has the same system as produce 101? Well, I just guessing though lol. Ah... sorry to hear that, that’s bad if our favorite couldn’t make it to final, that’s why I hate and never watch survival game and such (Stray kids is exception tho, I accidentally watched it and like it, so yeah lol)
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