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#Tang Dynasty(618-906 A.D)
chinesehanfu · 1 year
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【Hairstyle Historical Artifact Reference】:
China Tang Dynasty Dunhuang Mural:敦煌莫高窟231窟壁画 陰處士父母供养像/Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes Cave 231,Parents of Yin Chu Shi.
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[Hanfu · 漢服]Chinese Tang Dynasty(618-906 A.D)Traditional Clothing Photoshoot
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📸Photo:@realyn
👗Hanfu:@山涧服饰 
💄Styling∶ @莫Mo_Makeup
🧚🏻‍♀️Model: @山涧or月蓉坊掌柜上邪月
🔗Weibo:https://weibo.com/5541803701/MoqPtk1uh?refer_flag=1001030103_
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paganimagevault · 7 months
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Tomb figurine of a man (Sogdian) from Central Asia and his pet. From China, Tang dynasty, 618-906 CE, earthenware with traces of paint - Östasiatiska museum, Stockholm, Sweden.
"This writer (Kim Jin-heon) has been interested in the life of ancient Sogdians for many years. They accumulated many riches through trade with Rome and Tang, and they built marvelous buildings in Samarkand, Uzbekistan that still exist today. They were especially prosperous from the 4th to the 8th century A.D.
Most Sogdians lived near Samarkand, a small-sized city, as descendants of Iranians. The area was a transportation hub as well as a strategic foothold, linking the East and West, between India and the Steppes region.
These geopolitical traits enticed powerful surrounding countries to conquer the region and have hegemony over it. This kind of history caused the tribe to always be subject to colonization. As a way to survive the situation, Sogdians learned various languages and acquired the traits of many cultures. They were known as outgoing and ambitious.
With the desert and the Silk Road as their main "natural" resources, Sogdians were raised at a young age to be merchants. For example, when boys became five, they began to learn foreign languages with the aim to engage in business."
-Kim Jin-heon, The Korea Times
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judyconda · 1 year
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Spiritual Sunday: Chinese New Year (Part IIII -- FINAL PART) - The History and Origin of the Lion Dance (PART II-B) Lion dancing is an ancient ritual dating back to the Tang Dynasty (618-906 A.D.) and although its exact origins are unclear it can be traced back to two historical possibilities: The first possibility is related to bands of Persian performers who roamed China. During the Tang Dynasty the Chinese exchanged cultural influences with other countries and the lion was one of the many acts in the Persian 'new day' festival. The second possibility is that lion dancing can be traced to the annual cleaning of the imperial palace. Each New Year the palace was cleaned; physically and spiritually. Men dressed as twelve sacred animals made three passes through the palace. The lion was one of these animals. This purification ritual extended to Buddhist practices and, as we all know, there is a close link between Buddhism and the formation of the Chinese martial arts and kung fu in particular. Of course there are myths associated with the lion. One such story is that a Tang Dynasty emperor had a dream in which a strange creature saved his life. The next day the emperor described the dream to his ministers. One of the ministers explained to the emperor that the strange creature resembled a lion which came from the west. The emperor ordered his ministers to recreate the lion he saw in his dream and the lion subsequently became a symbol of good luck, happiness and prosperity #springseason #spring #newyearseve #newyearsday #chinese #chinesefolklore #chinesefolk #happynewyear #newyear #springfestival #spring #gongxifacai #lunarnewyear #chinesenewyear #yearoftherabbit #yearofthewaterrabbit #newmoon #newmooninaquarius #aquariusnewmoon #aquarius #aquariusseason #aquariuszodiac #aquariusszn #mystique #spiritique #spiritualsunday #spiritual #spirituality #liondance #dragondance https://www.instagram.com/p/CnwialCySRg/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=
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learnchina · 2 years
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Xia Dynasty (unconfirmed)(ca. 2100–1600 B.C.)
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Yuandi 260–264 A.D.
Wu
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Period of Northern and Southern Dynasties 386–589 A.D.
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theancientwayoflife · 4 years
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~ Mask Handle (Huan).
Place of origin: China
Period: Tang dynasty
Date: A.D. 618-906
Medium: Molded, modeled, and applied earthenware with painted decoration.
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Also, for the record, Xia is from Earth, technically Yue-Yan died prior to the Tang Dynasty ( 618 to 906 A.D.) Meaning he's been dead 1403+ years at least
Meaning, Xia’s been carrying her grief & sorrow for 1400+ years.
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wildlyhappyhologram · 4 years
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China. Tang Dynasty Pottery Horse 618-906 A.D. by Miguel Catalan
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countrymadefoods · 5 years
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History of Tea - Origin of Tea
“Though there are many literary writings about tea it's hard for historians to exactly pinpoint when tea was exactly discovered. A part of the problem is that the Chinese character for tea 'cha'(茶)is actually a relatively new character that only appeared in a Chinese dictionary around 350 A.D. Before the Chinese character 'tu' covered the meaning, describing infusions made from different plants including the tea plant. The appearance of a separate character is an indication that tea had become such a popular drink that needed its own character at that time.”
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“After a decade of research, the Archeologists published in 2015 that these roots are about 6,000 years old. This confirmed it must have been the Hemudu culture, flourishing in 7,000 BC and 6000 BC, that started cultivating and brewing tea...By the time of the Tang Dynasty (618-906 AD) tea was the national drink of China, spreading from court circles to be popular throughout Chinese society. It was during this time that the practice developed of sending finest teas to the emperor's court as a tribute to him...Though loose leaf tea existed, most tea drinkers where still buying and storing tea in compressed form.”
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“Tea was a drink that would take on literary, artistic and even religious overtones. This can be traced to the literary work 'Cha Ching', The Classic of Tea, by Lu Yu. His work was the single most influential work on the cultural significance of tea. The Classic of Tea was strongly influenced by the Taoist faith was central to culture in eighth century China. Taoists believed that every detail of life was an act of living that was worthy of celebration, and that one should attempt to find beauty everywhere in the world. Thus the emphasis on tranquility and harmony in the preparation and drinking of tea was recognition of its part in the masterpiece of life.”
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“Due to a lack of good transportation method tea was initially only traded locally starting with Tibet and neighbouring order regions of other countries. This shipped to border regions were also known as 'border sales tea (bian xiao cha)'. Later it were Turkish traders who arrived at the Mongol border in 473 A.D. to bargain for tea. 
Emperor Saga, who ruled Japan from 809 to 823, is known to be the first to be served tea. While Saga loved it, tea wasn't directly a hit in Japan. It too many more years until powdered tea was made during the Song Dynasty (960-1279). In 1191, the Japanese monk Eisai brought powdered tea back to Japan, where it became integrated in Zen Buddhism. The Japanese called powdered tea 'Matcha' and it became immensely popular among the aristocrats. However, in 1618 Chinese ambassadors presented the Russian Czar Alexis with many treasure boxes of tea, which were refused as useless.”
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“The discovery of black tea soon further spurred the growing demand farther abroad. It was the Portuguese who introduced tea Europe in the 16th century and controlled most European trade with India and the Far East (an area known then as the Indies). Jan Huyghen van Linschoten also copied and revealed Portuguese trade secrets including navigational routes. The revelation of such routes allowed the British and Dutch East India Company to break the 16th century monopoly enjoyed by the Portuguese.”
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“The demand for tea flourished in the 17th century. On the 20th of March 1602, the Dutch reorganized its overseas trade by merging the 6 existing East India Companies into one called the VOC (or United East India Company), also referred to as the Dutch East India Company...The success of the VOC can partially be attributed by the fact that it was the first company ever in history to offer an IPO (initial public offering) of shares to the public, allowing them to raise a vast amount of capital and financial power to compete internationally with larger countries.
The Dutch were the first to ship tea from Japan and China to Europe at the beginning of the 17th century. While initial trade focused on gold, silk and porcelain, the significance of tea began in the beginning of the 18th century.With more competition from the British East India Company, the Dutch started to reorganize their trade routes. Instead of shipping via Batavia, they established a direct trade route to the Netherlands. This allowed them to stabilize the prices and provide more consistent quality. In the period from 1729 to 1794 tea became the lifeblood of trade with China. It made up about 70 percent of the total trade purchased from Canton, China.”
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“In 1600 Queen Elizabeth I gave a royal charter to a new trading company, the East India Company, by which it was given a monopoly over all British trade with the Indies. The Company soon began competing with the Portuguese and Dutch and distributed tea all over the world. Initially The British East India Company was almost pushed out by the Dutch, but made a comeback when it became responsible for the government of much of the vast Indian sub-continent...the British East India Company successfully copied tea cultivation from the Chinese in India, which allowed them to offer tea at much lower prices.”
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“Both the creation of a monopoly by Queen Elizabeth I and the success in India was crucial to the success of the British East India Company in the history of tea trade...In the past, all the tea in the world came from China. In the 1800′s, Britain controlled 1/5 of the worlds, but what they couldn't control was the price and quality of tea. In the mid 1800′s, a British group of businessmen started to create a tea producing region in a place that they did control: India. The Scottish botanist was sent to China, to bring the secrets of tea production and seeds to India.
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The tea bag basically made 2 important contributions: To make a brewing tea more convenient;To reduce the time to clean up as one can simply throw away the bag. Most people believe that it was an American tea merchant named Thomas Sullivan, who shipped out samples of tea in silk pouches in 1908. Some of his customers misunderstood this, and soaked the tea together with the pouches in hot water. They found it so convenient that they asked Thomas for more.A few years later though, a couple named Roberta C. Lawson and Mary Molaren filed a patent for a 'tea leaf holder'. Their invention used a mesh fabric that was stitched together into a bag that just fits enough tea for a single cup.”
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(via History of Tea - Origin of Tea | Teasenz)
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Empress of China Becomes First US Ship to Trade with China
“The Empress voyage was the brainchild of John Ledyard, who had sailed to the Pacific with British explorer Captain James Cook. He hoped to trade for furs in the Pacific Northwest and carry them to China. He found backers including Philadelphia merchant Robert Morris, financier of the American Revolution...Ledyard backed out when the fur plan fell through, but Morris suggested ginseng as a valuable replacement cargo. The Chinese prized the root as a cure for all manner of ills. 
The Empress needed six months to make the 18,000-mile trip to Canton (modern Guangzhou) and four months to trade its cargo for tea and export porcelain. Returning home in five months, reaching New York in May 1785. Soon dozens of ships each year were plying the seas between the United States and China, helping build fortunes in New York and New England. The desire for speed in this trade gave birth in the 1830s to the magnificent clipper ships that were the fastest sailing ships ever built.”
(via Empress of China becomes first US ship to trade with China | OUPblog)
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The Boatload of Ginseng That Launched the China Trade
“The Empress of China launched the China trade on Feb. 22, 1784, when she sailed out of New York Harbor loaded with ginseng, lead, Spanish silver coins and woolen cloth.  The Treaty of Paris had been signed, America and Britain were at peace and America was free for the first time to trade with China...Not only were Americans enamored of Chinese tea, silks and home goods, but traders didn't have too many other options. The British had cut off American trade with the West Indies, and European nations had set up daunting trade barriers. 
John Green, an Irishman from Philadelphia, was the Empress of China’s captain. Samuel Shaw, a 29-year-old Bostonian who had served as Gen. Henry Knox’s aide-de-camp, served as his senior business agent, or supercargo.”
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“On Aug. 23, 1784, the ship sailed up the Pearl River in South China. The sailors aboard the ship were thrilled to see the Stars and Stripes unfurled for the first time in that part of the world. The French, the Danes, the Dutch and the British all greeted them politely. But the Chinese restricted them to a section of Canton where goods were exchanged in large factories, or hongs, their ships moored nearby.
The Chinese didn't know what to make of the Americans. They called them the ‘New People.’ (Later they would call them the ‘Flowery-Flag Devils' because the stars on the flag looked to the Chinese like flowers.) Shaw showed them a map of the United States and explained the size and possibilities of the new country. The Chinese, he wrote, ‘were not a little pleased at the prospect of so considerable a market for the productions of their own empire.’ “
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“The Chinese had less interest in buying foreign goods than in selling their own. They did, however, prize ginseng, used as a curative, energy booster and aphrodisiac. Ginseng grew in only a few places: eastern Asia and parts of North America, including Canada, the mountains of New England, New York and Appalachia.”
“It took three months to scour the eastern United States for nearly 30 tons of ginseng to ship aboard the Empress of China. It was the largest shipment ever to arrive in Canton. Unfortunately for the Americans, the Europeans had also brought large amounts of the root. The price plummeted.”
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“The Empress of China left Canton on Dec. 28, 1784 and arrived in New York Harbor on May 11, 1785. She carried 800 chests of tea, 20,000 pairs of nankeen trousers and a huge quantity of porcelain. Newspapers announced her return, and stores up and down the East Coast sold her cargo. That's where the Americans learned how to make real money in the China trade: the sale of Chinese export goods to Americans.
All told, the voyage earned a 25 percent return on investment. They'd hoped for more, but they made enough to spawn a new era of commerce with China.Shaw gave a complete report of the voyage to John Jay, the U.S. foreign minister. Jay shared his findings with Congress. Members of Congress responded with ‘a peculiar satisfaction in the successful issue of this first effort of the citizens of America to establish a direct trade with China.’”
(via The Boatload of Ginseng That Launched the China Trade | New England Historical Society)
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Getting to the Root of Ginseng
“Sang, or Panax quinquefolius, is the American version of Asian ginseng (P. ginseng), which the Chinese have usedto treat a wide variety of ills for several thousand years. In Chinese medicine, Asian ginseng is considered “hot” (a mild stimulant), while its American cousin is “cool” (a calming tonic). Both contain compounds known as ginsenosides, but in different proportions.
In 1713, Pierre Jartoux, a Jesuit missionary in China,wrote in a letter that after eating ginseng, “I found my Pulse much fuller and quicker, I had an appetite, and found myself much more vigorous...After an hour, he reported feeling like a new man. In his letter, almost as an afterthought, he noted that ginseng might well grow in similar environments, such as Canada.”
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“By chance, Jartoux’s letter came to the attention of a Jesuit brother visiting Quebec. An amateur medical botanist, Joseph Francois Lafitau soon after discovered a Canadian specimen that matched the plant in Jartoux’s drawing. A short time later, Canadian suppliers began shipping tons of it to China, resulting in over-harvesting within a few decades. The Chinese began looking to the South for an alternate source.
They found it in southern Appalachia, where the Cherokee were already using ginseng medicinally. The Indians believed that it was sentient, able to make itself invisible to people unworthy of it. They so valued ginseng that they dug up only one in four plants and replenished each harvested root with a bead, a prayer and a new seed. When the Canadian supply faltered, the Cherokee stepped up production. By the 1750′s, ports in Virginia and South Carolina were doing a brisk trade in the Cherokee’s Appalachian ginseng. Shipped to China, it eclipsed Canadian varieties.”
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”George Washington, conducting a survey of his lands in the autumn of 1784, made note of the trend. “I met numbers of Persons & Pack horses going in with Ginsang; & for salt & other articles at the Markets below,” he wrote. The United States had no trade agreements with the Far East or even consulates there, so ginseng traders went through British middlemen.”
(via Getting to the Root of Ginseng | Smithsonian Magazine)
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THE HISTORY OF AMERICAN GINSENG INDUSTRY IN MARATHON COUNTY AND ITS MYSTERIOUS ORIGINS WITH CHINA.
“In Wisconsin, Indians used American ginseng as a medicine long before white colonists arrived. By the 1840s, white settlers acquired American ginseng extensively from Indians for export. The ginseng trade in Marathon County started relatively late, starting in the 1870s, but played an extremely important role in the subsequent export of American ginseng. From the 19th century to the 20th century, most of the wild American ginseng was sold to China...Wild American ginseng, however, is a fragile plant that takes a long period of growth and neither Indians nor whites have any idea how to breed it. Indians used to be less dependent on ginseng in the past so this plant has been able to reproduce naturally for centuries but once soon large-scale export acquisitions begin, the American ginseng resources in Wisconsin are quickly...depleted.
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In the 1880s, American George Stanton successfully cultivated American ginseng for the first time. His success led to the “ginseng fever” of the late nineteenth century. From the west coast of the United States to the Midwest, many American farmers use the original farmland for American ginseng cultivation...Part of the success of the American ginseng industry is due to the Fromm brothers who studied wild American ginseng and its habitat. From year after year trials, Fromm brothers master a better, newer approach to American ginseng cultivation. In addition to the Fromm brothers, there were three other companies in the Marathon County that were involved in the plantation of American ginseng in 1913. The results of these three companies were not immediately apparent and they were not the leaders of the American ginseng industry until 1919.” 
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Keemun 
“is a famous Chinese black tea. First produced in late 19th century, it quickly became popular in the West and is still used for a number of classic blends... Other varieties include those specifically tailored for the Gongfu tea ceremony (Keemun Gongfu, or Congou  or Kung Fu- 祁門工夫) and Keemun Xin Ya (祁門新芽), an early bud variety, said to have less bitterness.”
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Wong Chin Foo was born as Wong Sa Kee ( 王歲奇 or Wang Sa Kee or Huang Sa Kee.) Wong Sa Kee’s family had once been a wealthy tea merchant, who betrayed the Emperor Xianfeng during the Taiping Rebellion, which left Wong’s family impoverished and outcast. Prince Gong was in charge following Xianfeng’s death, Wong Sa Kee was transferred to Prince Gong’s list. Officially, applying for citizenship as Wong Chin Foo in 1874.
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Being the son of a tea merchant (Hong) like Moy Kee, he was able to own a Chinese restaurant, in New York on Pell Street called Mon Lay Won “The Chinese Delmonico” and introduced Americans to the term “Chop Suey.” Wong Chin Foo also introduced the martial arts Kung Fu to Americans. Wong Chin Foo later served as a translator for the U.S. Immigration and Customs Service. 
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Wong Chin Foo was friends with Sun Yat Sen who had an office above the Port Arthur Chinese Restaurant on Mott Street. The Emperor Guangxi had a list of people he wanted to bring back to China to be executed. Wong Chin Foo and Sun Yat Sen’s efforts to overthrow the Qing dynasty earned them a place on that list, while avoiding being killed by the Tongs.
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THE FORGOTTEN STORY OF THE “FIRST CHINESE AMERICAN”
“Chinese have been in the United States in sizeable numbers since the California Gold Rush. They were shamefully mistreated, denied rights for most of a century and are generally thought to have borne everything the American establishment dished out passively and without much protest. This canard does an injustice to a little-known Bucknell alumnus, however. Nineteenth-century Chinese in America had a leader and a fighter in Wong Chin Foo (1847–98), a compelling and controversial figure whose story is a forgotten chapter in the history of the struggle for equal rights for all...He was the first to employ the term "Chinese American." He published New York's first Chinese-language newspaper. He established America's first association of Chinese voters and was probably the first Chinese ever to testify before Congress.”
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“He was born Wong Sa Kee to a once-wealthy but impoverished family and spent his teenage years in the care of Sallie Little Holmes, an American Baptist missionary who arrived in his native Shandong Province in 1860. He mastered colloquial American English and was baptized by age 20. Foreseeing a promising future for him as a preacher, his benefactress brought him to America in 1867 to complete his education. And after a stint in Washington, D.C., and some travel, he transferred to Lewisburg, where he studied for nearly a year.”
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”Wong settled in New York and became a journalist, and in 1883 launched the first Chinese-language newspaper east of the Rockies. Its English name — The Chinese American — marked the first recorded use of the term...He wrote scores of articles demystifying Chinese life that appeared in newspapers across the country. And in an essay on Chinese food, he was the first to introduce "chop suey" to American readers.”
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“Wong took on the most famous of America's China critics, California's Denis Kearney. A demagogue and a skillful public speaker, the Irish-born Kearney personified the "Chinese Must Go" movement...In a public confrontation in 1887, he was judged victorious. "The mandarin got the better of the San Francisco orator in the intellectual contest, and drove Kearney from position to position," one newspaper declared.”
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“After the passage of the Exclusion Act, Wong became active in politics...He began to focus on securing citizenship for Chinese willing to "Americanize" — that is, learn English, adopt Western dress, shave off their queues and give up gambling and opium smoking...When Congress renewed the Exclusion Act for a second decade in 1892, it added a requirement that Chinese register with the government and be photographed. Infuriated, America's Chinese resolved to see the new law retracted or declared unconstitutional. Wong established a new organization, the Chinese Equal Rights League, to get the law repealed. Under its aegis, he testified before a committee of Congress, but despite his soaring rhetoric, the effort failed.“
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“Wong Chin Foo believed deeply in justice, equality and enfranchisement, and challenged Americans to live up to these values that they so freely espoused, but so utterly failed to apply to the Chinese in their midst. More than 70 years before Dr. King dreamed of an America that judged people according to the "content of their character," Wong declared that only "character and fitness should be the requirement of all who are desirous of becoming citizens of the American Republic." 
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”Although it took until 1943, nearly a half-century after his death, for America to repeal the prohibition against naturalization of Chinese, no one deserves more credit than Wong for waging the good fight against it. He set a pattern for what he thought being "Chinese American" should mean that is more or less what it has come to mean for millions. He deserves to be remembered not merely for envisioning and articulating the goal, but also for the creative means he employed, and the boundless energy he expended, in trying to achieve it.”
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(via THE FORGOTTEN STORY OF THE “FIRST CHINESE AMERICAN” | Bucknell University)(via History of Tea - Origin of Tea | Teasenz)
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chinesehanfu · 1 year
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[Hanfu · 漢服]Chinese Tang Dynasty(618-906 A.D)Traditional Clothing Photoshoot
【About Hairstyle “堕马髻 [duò mǎ jì]”】
During the Tang Dynasty, Li Shan(李善) quoted "record of the Customs/《风俗通》" recorded : “‘堕马髻者,侧在一边’,......始自梁冀所为,京师翁然皆效之”。
 ( “堕马髻 [duò mǎ jì]” is a hairstyle with a side hair bun. It was created by Liang Ji's family and later imitated by the people in the capital.)
The characteristic of this hairstyle is that the hair hangs sideways to the shoulders, and a lock of hair is separated from the bun to scatter freely. If  combine with “啼妆(Makeup that make people look like they are crying)” and “愁眉(sad looking brows)“, it will look like a woman who has just fallen from a horse, which can increase a woman's sense of charm.
The“堕马髻 [duò mǎ jì]”appeared again during the Tianbao era(742–756) of the Tang Dynasty, and became popular during the Zhenyuan period(785–805) of the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, some people described the shape of roses hanging down and petals gently touch the ground, like the hairstyle “堕马髻 [duò mǎ jì]”. “堕马髻 [duò mǎ jì]”has slightly changed from generation to generation, but its basic characteristics, the sideways and inverted shapes, have not changed. “堕马髻 [duò mǎ jì]” is mainly favored by married middle-aged women.
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“堕马髻 [duò mǎ jì]” hairstyle originated in the Han Dynasty, during the Han Dynasty, "《后汉书∙卷六十四∙列传第二十四∙梁冀》" recorded:
 “寿色美而善为妖态,作愁眉,啼妆,堕马髻,折腰步,齲齿笑,以为媚惑。冀亦改易舆服之制,作平上軿车,埤帻,狭冠,折上巾,拥身扇,狐尾单衣。寿性钳忌,能制御冀,冀甚宠惮之。”
Translation:
Liang Ji(梁冀)'s wife Sun Shou(孙寿) is very beautiful and good at being "bewitching”. She make “愁眉(sad looking brows)“,“啼妆(Makeup that make people look like they are crying)”,as shown below:
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“堕马髻(comb your hair bun on one side)” ,”折腰步(refers to swinging the waist when walking)”, as shown below:
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“龋齿笑(Refers to a woman's intentionally contrived smile that looks like a toothache, although is very happy inside, woman don’t laugh out loud)”, she thinking these makeup & action that will make her very cute and to attract men.
Sun Shou is jealousy because she can subdue his husband Liang Ji. Liang Ji dotes on her very much, but is also afraid of her.Sun Shou's actions and the makeup she created were deeply loved by women in the imperial city of the Han Dynasty at that time, and they imitated her. And this trend gradually spread to other cities.
which has record in  《搜神记∙卷六∙梁冀妻》:
“汉桓帝元嘉中,京都妇女作“愁眉”“啼妆”“堕马髻”“折腰步”“龋齿笑。”“愁眉”者,细而曲折。“啼七”者,薄拭目下若啼处。“堕马髻”者,作一边。“折腰步”者,足不在下体。“龋齿笑”者,若齿痛,乐不欣欣。始自大将军梁冀妻孙寿所为,京都翕然,诸夏效之。天戒若曰:“兵马将往收捕:妇女忧愁,踧眉啼哭;吏卒掣顿,折其腰脊,令髻邪倾;虽强语笑,无复气味也。”
But these trend is actually portending a tragic end.
天戒若曰:“兵马将往收捕:妇女忧愁,踧眉啼哭;吏卒掣顿,折其腰脊,令髻邪倾;虽强语笑,无复气味也。”
Translation:
Heaven warned: "The army will come to arrest, the women are sad, frowning and crying; the officials and jailers push and kick, break their waists and spines, and make their hair buns tilt; even if they are forced to talk and laugh, they will no longer have that mood." 
In the second year of Yanxi(159 AD), the whole clan and family of Liang Ji's was exterminated.
In Chinese history, it is not difficult to found that when a kind of makeup or fashion that tends to show"sad”,“crying" etc,and becomes popular among women. In many cases,It heralds the imminent demise of a dynasty.
Just like the "Blood Halo Makeup/血晕妆" in the late Tang era and popular in the Han, Tang and Southern Song Dynasty brows makeup “愁眉(sad looking brows)“.When these makeups appeared, the empire also getting weakened.
Therefore, Chinese literati and scholars of in history criticized these fashion/trend, and believed that it was a sign of the collapse of the country.
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chinesehanfu · 1 year
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【Historical Artifacts Reference 】:
Tang Dynasty Su Sixuan(苏思勖)'s Tomb Murals(746 AD)
It is inferred that it may be the wife of the owner of the tomb, Su Sixuan (苏思勖)'. ​
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【Tang Dynasty”Earmuffs”:暖耳(Nuǎn ěr)】:
The mural of Li Yong(李邕)'s tomb in Fuping, Shaanxi (the fifteenth year of Tang Kaiyuan, 727 AD),showing a  woman wears 暖耳(Nuǎn ěr).
It is presumed to be made of animal fur and a cloth belt, and the cloth belt is tied under the chin.
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[Hanfu · 漢服]Chinese Tang Dynasty(618-906 A.D) Traditional Clothing Hanfu Reference to Tang Dynasty Murals 【佳期阁- 好柿发生】
High-Tang Period Woman Attire and Hairstyle
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chinesehanfu · 1 year
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【Hairstyle Historical Artifact Reference】:
Tang Dynasty Female Playing Pipa Pottery Figurine
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[Hanfu · 漢服]Chinese Tang Dynasty(618-906 A.D)Traditional Clothing Photoshoot
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theancientwayoflife · 7 years
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~ Porcelain rhyton (drinking horn). Date: A.D. 618-906 Place of origin: China Period: Tang dynasty Medium: Stoneware
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