#admiral robert fitzroy

[blackswanhourglass]

The Importance of Proper Maintenance for Your Fitzroy Barometer!

If you are a weather enthusiast or simply someone who loves antique instruments, then you might have come across the Fitzroy barometer. The Fitzroy barometer is a type of aneroid barometer named after Admiral Robert Fitzroy, who was the captain of the HMS Beagle during Charles Darwin's famous voyage. This type of barometer measures atmospheric pressure, which is an essential component in predicting weather changes. However, owning a fitzroy barometer also comes with the responsibility of proper maintenance.

Proper maintenance of your Fitzroy barometer is crucial if you want it to function accurately and have a long lifespan. One of the most important things you can do is to ensure that it is calibrated regularly. This involves adjusting the barometer to the correct pressure readings so that it can accurately measure the current atmospheric pressure. Calibration should be done at least once a year, preferably by a professional.

Another critical maintenance practice is to keep the barometer clean and dry. You should avoid placing it in damp areas or exposing it to moisture, as this can damage its delicate components. Additionally, dust and dirt can accumulate on the barometer's surface, which can affect its accuracy over time. Use a soft, dry cloth to clean it regularly and keep it free from dust.

Lastly, it's essential to keep your Fitzroy barometer in a stable environment. Extreme temperature changes, such as placing it near a heating vent or in direct sunlight, can cause the barometer to expand or contract, leading to inaccurate readings. Keep it away from sources of heat and direct sunlight to ensure that it remains in optimal condition. Visit www.blackswanhourglass.com to learn more!

[steven-moffat-more-like-satan]

Ever since Admiral Robert FitzRoy popularized the storm glass in the 1800s, those of us with a penchant for charming historical artifacts have been enamored by its mystical appearance and purported weather-predicting prowess. I’ll admit, I was skeptical at first – after all, how could a simple glass filled with a mysterious liquid and intriguing crystalline formations offer insight into something as complex as the weather? But, as I delved deeper into how to read a storm glass and began understanding storm glass indications, I discovered that there’s something truly appealing about this traditional instrument, whether it’s offering reliable storm glass weather predictions or merely gracing my mantelpiece with a whisper of the past.Key TakeawaysLearning to read a storm glass can add historical charm to your daily routine.Familiarizing yourself with various crystal formations enhances your understanding of storm glass indications.Despite its debated accuracy, a storm glass can still provide a basic guide to weather predictions.Appreciating the allure of a storm glass goes... Decoding the Weather: How to Read A Storm Glass

[fiilme]

Ever since Admiral Robert FitzRoy popularized the storm glass in the 1800s, those of us with a penchant for charming historical artifacts have been enamored by its mystical appearance and purported weather-predicting prowess. I’ll admit, I was skeptical at first – after all, how could a simple glass filled with a mysterious liquid and intriguing crystalline formations offer insight into something as complex as the weather? But, as I delved deeper into how to read a storm glass and began understanding storm glass indications, I discovered that there’s something truly appealing about this traditional instrument, whether it’s offering reliable storm glass weather predictions or merely gracing my mantelpiece with a whisper of the past.Key TakeawaysLearning to read a storm glass can add historical charm to your daily routine.Familiarizing yourself with various crystal formations enhances your understanding of storm glass indications.Despite its debated accuracy, a storm glass can still provide a basic guide to weather predictions.Appreciating the allure of a storm glass goes... Decoding the Weather: How to Read A Storm Glass

[tripslong]

Brass weather indicator

BRASS WEATHER INDICATOR INSTALL

BRASS WEATHER INDICATOR FREE

The back of this weather station is housed in a black plastic cover with a sophisticated brass display and glass lens.

BRASS WEATHER INDICATOR INSTALL

To mount, simply use a hammer or nail gun to install a nail in your wall and hang the unit. Easy To Set Up & Calibrate: Setting up this weather station is easy.Beautiful Decoration: This beautiful, traditional piece is at home in any fine study, library or upscale restaurant.The rich, wood framed dark cherry lacquer finished weather station measures temperature (in ☏), barometric pressure (mmHg and inHg) and humidity (%).above sea level, so you can use it in many geographic regions. The barometer functions properly up to 3,000 ft. Use it in your home, in your garden, or even in an RV. Because it's wireless, you don't even need an electrical outlet nearby. For Indoor & Outdoor Use: You can install this weather station anywhere inside or outside your home.It is a fully functional household weather meter (barometer) No battery required. Temperature, Humidity, Atmospheric Pressure: The product is used to measure the temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure and other parameters of the environment, and accurately predict the future weather changes according to the changes in ambient temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure."Pattern formation of crystals in storm glass". ^ Tanaka, Yasuko Hagano, Koichi Kuno, Tomoyasu Nagashima, Kazushige ()."Will the True Originator of the Storm Glass Please Own Up". ^ a b McConnell, Anita Collins, Philip (2013)."An experimental examination of the so-called Storm-glass". Tempest Prognosticator – an alternative to the storm glass that the British government investigated.In 2008 an article in the Journal of Crystal Growth similarly concluded that temperature change is the sole cause of crystal growth in storm glasses. "I think it may fairly be concluded from these experiments and observations that the storm-glass acts as a rude kind of thermoscope, inferior, for most of the purposes of observation, to the thermometer." In 1863 Charles Tomlinson published an analysis in The Philosophical Magazine concluding that while attractive In response, the British Crown distributed storm glasses, then known as "FitzRoy's storm barometers," to many small fishing communities around the British Isles for consultation by ships in port before setting sail. In 1859, violent storms struck the British Isles. If there are threads near the top, it will be windy.Ī version of the device was available in the 18th century in France and the inventor is unknown.If there are crystals at the bottom, this indicates frost.If there are large flakes throughout the liquid, it will be overcast in temperate seasons or snowy in the winter.If the liquid contains small stars on sunny winter days, then snow is coming.A cloudy glass with small stars indicates thunderstorms.If there are small dots in the liquid, humid or foggy weather can be expected.If the liquid is cloudy, the weather will be cloudy as well, perhaps with precipitation.If the liquid in the glass is clear, the weather will be bright and clear.įitzRoy carefully documented his claims on how the storm glass would predict the weather: This specific mixture was promoted by Admiral Robert FitzRoy although similar devices existed even two decades earlier with variants in Italy, France and Germany. The liquid within the glass is a mixture of several ingredients, most commonly distilled water, ethanol, potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride, and camphor. The compositions of the liquid in a storm glass varies but usually contains "camphor, nitrate of potassium and sal-ammoniac, dissolved by alcohol, with water and some air." These devices are now known to have little value in weather prediction but continue to be a curiosity.

BRASS WEATHER INDICATOR FREE

If fixed, undisturbed, in free air, not exposed to radiation, fire, or sun, but in the ordinary light of a well-ventilated room or outer air, the chemical mixture in a so-called storm-glass varies in character with the direction of the wind, not its force, specially (though it may so vary in appearance only) from another cause, electrical tension. The inventor is unknown but the device became popular in the 1860s after being promoted by Admiral Robert FitzRoy who claimed that The state of crystallization within the liquid was believed to be related to the weather. It consists of a special liquid placed inside a sealed transparent glass. The storm glass or chemical weather glass is an instrument proposed as a method for predicting weather.

[ltwilliammowett]

The Father of Forecast

After Captain Pringle Stokes committed suicide on the Beagle, Lieutenant Robert Fitzroy became her captain. In February 1829, his ship was blown onto the beams by a sudden violent gust. Only great seamanship saved the day, but two sailors were swept from the rigging and drowned. Immediately before the squall, the barometric pressure had dropped sharply, and Fitzroy's traumatic experience led him to wonder whether a more systematic means of predicting bad weather could not be devised.

Vice Admiral Robert Fitzroy (1805-65), by Samual Lane,c. 1837 (x)

In 1845 he proposed distributing barometers along the British coast to give early warning of storms, but nothing came of it. In 1854, the Board of Trade established a meteorological department and Fitzroy was appointed its head. In 1857, Fitzroy, who was by then an admiral, designed a simple, sturdy Fishery Barometer (which soon became known as the Fitzroy Barometer), engraved with meteorological rhymes, such as "When the rise begins after the low, we expect storms and a clear wind."

An  Admiral Fitzroy Barometer by Eg Wood Of London, c. 1880 (x)

With the financial support of some philanthropists, he distributed 100 of these barometers to various maritime centres and life-saving stations. Despite his efforts, a well-preserved ship, the Royal Charter, sank in a storm off the Welsh coast in 1859, killing nearly 400 people. The tragedy led to a call for the Meteorological Department to expand its activities, not only collecting weather statistics but also using the new telegraph network to send storm warnings to coastal centres even when the storm was probably already underway. Fitzroy went further and expanded his department into a unit for making weather forecasts, a term he had coined in 1855.

By 1861, Fitzroy had established a comprehensive system for issuing weather information and storm warnings, which he coordinated from his London office. He then produced a daily weather forecast that was published in The Times - something no one had seriously attempted before. However, the forecasts inevitably attracted attention when they were wrong, and Fitzroy was publicly ridiculed and condemned in the House of Commons. In his efforts to improve the quality of his predictions, Fitzroy worked until he dropped.

This is the very first public weather forecast written in FitzRoy's own hand on the Daily Weather Report for 31st July 1861. It forecast the weather for the 1st and 2nd August. On the page Fitzroy notes that he believes the forecasts might be advantageously added to the observation information already published in the newspapers and if approved of he would continue them on similar principles.(x)

When he became numb and suffered from exhaustion, depression and the fact that he had been passed over for promotions on several occasions, Admiral Fitzroy committed suicide at his home in Surrey on 30 April 1865. It was a tragic echo of the fate of the captain of HMS Beagle, whose post he had taken over. When the Finisterre maritime area was renamed in 2002 to avoid confusion with the Spanish maritime area of the same name, the Meteorological Office chose the name Fitzroy in honour of its founder.

[aristocraticvision]

Chapter 298: Happy Returns (Pt. 2)

Guests and media crowded the grand throne room of Fitzroy Park Palace, where Stephen stood smiling. Princess Jessica stood to his right, smiling at her son and stepson, who sat in a row of chairs before the dais.

The crowd grew quiet and cameras flashed as Stephen, dressed in his finest royal regalia, stepped forward to speak.

“Good afternoon,” Stephen said. “Today’s investitures are very special to me, as they involve dear friends and family members who deserve special recognition for their support and loyalty.”

“First, I would like to take this opportunity to announce the official adoption of Princess Jessica’s son, Theodore Albert Strickland, as a member of the Marchand family and a prince of Weston,” Stephen said, nodding for his sons to stand. “During a private ceremony earlier today, I invested both Theodore and Crown Prince Michael with the Order of St. Gabriel the Defender, an honor seldom given outside the royal family.”

The two boys stood proudly, and were greeted by warm applause from all assembled.

Stephen motioned for Stephanie and Phillip to stand, as well.

“I also wish to acknowledge that I have awarded my daughter, Stephanie, with the title of Princess Royal in recognition of her steadfast support and continued good works on behalf of the crown.”

“Now, as you know, the recent marriage of my daughter to the son and heir of the Duke and Duchess of Holmsby shone light on a great injustice,” Stephen said. “My ancestor, who divested Weston of its dukes nearly 150 years ago, left the Pembleton family with its titles in recognition of their service to the crown, yet took away the honors associated with that position. To me, this was an unfair and unjustified punishment that I shall rectify today.”

Stephen motioned for the Duke and Duchess of Holmsby to stand.

“I hereby restore full privileges, including the family’s seat in the Westonian National Assembly, to Robert and Vivienne Pendleton, Duke and Duchess of Holmsby.”

“In making this change, I decree that the three additional extinct ducal estates shall be fully restored and assigned as follows.”

“Jason and Eleanor Howes, Earl and Countess of Trentham, please step forward,” Stephen called.

The two stepped forward and knelt.

“Jason,” Stephen said. “As the brother of my beloved first wife, Elizabeth, doting uncle to my children and Weston's Minister of Culture, I hereby create you Duke of Morley, and your wife, Eleanor, Duchess of Morley.”

“Stand, Duke and Duchess of Morley,” Stephen said.

“Devon and Grant Fellowes-Grey, Earl and Count of Buckland, please step forward,” Stephen continued.

Devon and Grant stepped before their sovereign and knelt.

“For your unceasing support, advice and affection, I hereby create you, Devon Fellowes-Grey, Duke of Renley. Grant Fellowes-Grey, I create you Earl of Carlisle in recognition of your steadfast service.”

“Rise, Duke of Renley and Earl of Carlisle,” Stephen said, smiling. “The third duchy, Valmont, I hold in trust as a royal duchy.”

“There is one last title I must award," Stephen continued. "The Right Honorable Theresa Matthews, step forward.”

Shaking slightly, Theresa stepped forward and knelt.

“Theresa Matthews, you have been my daughter’s best friend, supporter, champion and confidant for nearly as long as I can remember,” Stephen said, gently. “Through the years, you have given great service to my family, and never once have asked for anything in return. So let me recognize you now by hereby creating you Countess of Holton. May you use your station continually in service of your friends and your country. Stand, Countess of Holton.”

He pinned a badge of office to her sash and helped Theresa to her feet.

“Congratulations to you all,” Stephen said, smiling. “You have earned the admiration of your sovereign, and your nation.”

BEGINNING | PREV | NEXT

Continent of Oceana | History of Weston | History of Corwyn | History of Torenth | History of Allycia

[aestheticselfindulgence5318]

The beautiful boys from my favorite documentary, The Voyage of Charles Darwin.

In order: Charles Darwin, Captain Robert Fitzroy, Lieutenant John Wickham, Admiral Bartholomew Sulivan, General Juan Manuel de Rosas.

Drawings of the characters done by the beautiful and talented @amiz06-certified-bimbo!

[steven-moffat-more-like-satan]

Ever since Admiral Robert FitzRoy popularized the storm glass in the 1800s, those of us with a penchant for charming historical artifacts have been enamored by its mystical appearance and purported weather-predicting prowess. I’ll admit, I was skeptical at first – after all, how could a simple glass filled with a mysterious liquid and intriguing crystalline formations offer insight into something as complex as the weather? But, as I delved deeper into how to read a storm glass and began understanding storm glass indications, I discovered that there’s something truly appealing about this traditional instrument, whether it’s offering reliable storm glass weather predictions or merely gracing my mantelpiece with a whisper of the past.Key TakeawaysLearning to read a storm glass can add historical charm to your daily routine.Familiarizing yourself with various crystal formations enhances your understanding of storm glass indications.Despite its debated accuracy, a storm glass can still provide a basic guide to weather predictions.Appreciating the allure of a storm glass goes... Decoding the Weather: How to Read A Storm Glass

[fiilme]

Ever since Admiral Robert FitzRoy popularized the storm glass in the 1800s, those of us with a penchant for charming historical artifacts have been enamored by its mystical appearance and purported weather-predicting prowess. I’ll admit, I was skeptical at first – after all, how could a simple glass filled with a mysterious liquid and intriguing crystalline formations offer insight into something as complex as the weather? But, as I delved deeper into how to read a storm glass and began understanding storm glass indications, I discovered that there’s something truly appealing about this traditional instrument, whether it’s offering reliable storm glass weather predictions or merely gracing my mantelpiece with a whisper of the past.Key TakeawaysLearning to read a storm glass can add historical charm to your daily routine.Familiarizing yourself with various crystal formations enhances your understanding of storm glass indications.Despite its debated accuracy, a storm glass can still provide a basic guide to weather predictions.Appreciating the allure of a storm glass goes... Decoding the Weather: How to Read A Storm Glass

[steve-morrison]

What is a Storm Glass uk?

Do the Glass Tube Really Work to forecast the Weather?

A Storm Glass uk may be a sealed device made from clear glass that contains chemicals that are said to crystallize to in such how to predict weather a few days beforehand . One to 3 days later, the observed weather should mimic the prediction from a few days back. the particular inventor of this glass tube is unknown. They first starting exposure somewhere towards the mid-1700′s, however they became popular after documented use by Admiral Robert Fitzroy.

Fitzroy was a pioneer beforehand meteorology . He was also the captain aboard the HMS Beagle with Darwin during his expeditions researching evolutionary differences in animals. Fitzroy documented that he used an identical device intended to live atmospheric pressure and temperature changes through solubility of the crystals. For this reason, these instruments are often called a Admiral Fitzroy Storm Glass uk.

How Does a  Weather Predicting Storm Glass uk Work?

When something similar was employed by Fitzroy back within the 19th century, it had been meant to live atmospheric pressure , which is really an honest indicator of approaching weather. However, modern glass tube are tested and revealed to truly be more of a measure of temperature than pressure. Temperature changes don’t tell us much about high or low systems coming into the world or whether it'll rain, snow, or be clear outside. Ultimately, it's this reason that a lot of believe Fitzroy glass tube don't predict weather well.

Tap on the link and check out other features as well.

https://www.personalisedboxframes.com/storm-glass-uk/

The ingredients in glass tube differ slightly, but most ordinarily they include ethanol, water , sal ammoniac , saltpeter , and camphor. a number of these chemicals are hard to urge your hands on lately , in order that they are often substituted with something else, including vodka of all things!

[andrewpitchford]

My Storm Glass, an old method of barometer invented for sailors in the 1700s and made famous by Admiral Robert Fitzroy around 1860. My birthday present from @raven_pitchford and @tamicahlnr Thanks guys! https://www.instagram.com/p/B3eg7lBnc_N/?igshid=14qj033456vr8

[lindahall]

Robert FitzRoy – Scientist of the Day

Robert FitzRoy, an officer of the British Royal Navy, was born July 5, 1805.

read more...

[nellygwyn]

Covent Garden Lovers

courtesy of Hallie Rubenhold’s “The Covent Garden Ladies”

A list of the notable and famous frequenters of London’s brothels in the latter half of the 1700s. “Patrons du peche” (patrons of sin)

Look out for the royalty, and the great and the “good.”

Lord Chief Justice Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth

Admiral George Anson, 1st Baron Anson

Sir William Apreece

Sir Richard Atkins

Sir John Aubrey, MP

Richard Barry, 7th Earl of Barrymore

Allen Bathurst, 1st Earl of Bathurst

Sir Charles Bingham, 1st Earl of Lucan

Captain George Maurice Bisset (yes, THAT George Bisset, of Lady Seymour Worsley’s scandal)

Admiral Edward Boscawen 

Hugh Boscawen, 2nd Viscount Falmouth

James Boswell (diarist, great friend of Samuel Johnson)

Sir Orlando Bridgeman

Thomas Bromley, 2nd Baron Montfort

Captain John Byron (Lord Byron’s grandfather)

John Calcraft, MP

Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll

John Campbell, 5th Duke of Argyll

John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun

George Capell, 4th Earl of Essex

David Carnegie, Lord Rosehill

John Cleland (writer of the pornographic novel “Fanny Hill: Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure”)

Henry Fiennes Clinton, 9th Earl of Lincoln.

Robert “Cock-a-doodle-doo” Coates

Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess of Cornwallis

Colonel John Coxe

William Craven, 6th Baron Craven

His Royal Highness, Prince Ernest, Duke of Cumberland

His Royal Highness, Prince Henry Frederick, Duke of Cumberland

His Royal Highness, Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland

The Honourable John Damer

Sir Francis Dashwood, Lord Despenser (founder of “The Hellfire Club” and Chancellor of the Exchequer)

Francis Drake Delevel

Reverend William Dodd

George Bubb Doddington, Lord Melcombe

William Douglas, 4th Duke of Queensbury

Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville

George Montagu Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax

Sir Henry Elchin

Richard Edgecumbe, Lord Mount Edgecumbe

Sir Charles Fielding, son of the Earl of Denbigh

The Honourable John Finch

John Fitzpatrick, 1st Earl of Upper Ossory

Samuel Foote (theatre manager and dramatist)

Charles James Fox (prominent Whig statesman, arch-enemy of William Pitt the Younger)

Stephen Fox, 2nd Baron Holland

George Fox-Lane, 3rd Baron Bingley

John Frederick, 3rd Duke of Dorset

His Majesty, King George IV (oh, what a surprise)

Sir John Graeme, 3rd Duke of Montrose

Charles Hamilton, Lord Binning

Charles Hanbury-Williams (British envoy to the court of Russia, introduced Catherine the Great to her lover, Stanislaw Poniatowski)

Colonel George Hanger

Count Franz Xavier Haszlang, Bavarian Envoy to London

Judge Henry Gould

Robery Henley, 1st Earl of Northington

Augustus Henry Fitzroy, 3rd Duke of Grafton (great-great-great-great grandson of King Charles II)

Henry Herbert, 10th Earl of Pembroke

Joseph Hickey

William Hickey

William Holles, 2nd Viscount Vane

Rear-Admiral Charles Holmes

Admiral Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood

Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk

Thomas Howard, 3rd Earl of Effingham

Admiral Lord Richard Howe, 4th Viscount Howe

Thomas Jefferson (not that TJeffs; manager of the Drury Lane Theatre)

John Phillip Kemble

Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel

William John Kerr, 5th Marquess of Lothian

Sir John Lade

Penistone Lamb, 1st Viscount Melbourne

William Longhorne (the poet laureate)

Lord Edward Ligonier

Field Marshall John Ligonier, 1st Earl of Ligonier

Simon Luttrell, 1st Baron Carhampton

Thomas Lyttleton, 2nd Baron Lyttleton

Kenneth Francis Mackenzie, 4th Earl of Seaforth

Charles Macklin

The Honourable Captain John Manners

John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland

Charles Maynard, 1st Viscount Maynard

Captain Anthony George Martin

James Macduff, 2nd Earl of Fife

Captain Thomas Medlycott

Isaac Mendez

Major Thomas Metcalfe

Sir George Montgomerie Metham

John Montague, 4th Earl of Sandwich

Alexander Montgomerie, 10th Earl of Eglinton

Arthur Murphy

Richard “Beau” Nash (famous dandy, popularised ballroom etiquette at the assemblies in Bath)

Francis John Needham, MP

Henry Nevill, 2nd Earl of Abergavenny

John Palmer (actor)

Thomas Panton

William Petty, 1st Marquess of Landsdowne

Evelyn Meadows Pierrepoont, 2nd Duke of Kingston

Thomas Potter

John Poulett, 4th Earl of Poulett

William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath

William Powell (manager of Drury Lane)

Charles “Chace” Price

Richard “Bloomsbury Dick” Rigby

Admiral George Brydges Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney

David Ross (actor)

Francis Russell, 5th Duke of Bedford

Frederick John Sackville, 3rd Duke of Dorset

Sir George Saville

George Selwyn (politician and wit)

Edward “Ned” Shuter (actor)

John George Spencer, 1st Earl of Spencer

Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl of Harrington

Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield

Sir William Stanhope, MP

Edward Stanley, 12th Earl of Derby

Sir Thomas Stapleton

John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Bute

Frederick St John, 2nd Viscount Bolingbroke

Colonel Sir Banastre Tarleton

Commodore Edward Thompson

Lord Chief Justice Sir Edward Thurlow

Robert “Beau” Tracy

John Tucker, MP

Arthur Vansittart, MP

Sir Henry Vansittart, MP

Robert Vansittart

Sir Edward Walpole

Sir Robert Walpole (Britain’s first Prime Minister)

John Wilkes

His Majesty, King William IV

Charles Wyndham, 2nd Earl of Egremont

Henry Woodward (actor)

His Royal Highness, Edward, Duke of York

His Royal Highness, Frederick, Duke of York

Lieutenant Colonel John Yorke

Joseph Yorke, 1st Baron Dove

Extra information is my own

[sciencebulletin]

Scientists lament 'Humpty Dumpty' effect on world's spectacular, rare wildlife

Some of the world's largest, most spectacular and unheralded mammals are silently slipping away, species like Tibetan wild yaks and Patagonia's huemul, Bhutan's takin and Vietnam's saola. Even Africa's three species of zebras and wildebeest have suffered massive reductions over the last several decades. The reasons for these losses are more than disease and habitat fragmentation, deforestation or wildlife trade, according to researchers. Ultimately, the cause is rampant human population growth. And unless human behavior changes in unprecedented ways, these scientists warn that future communities of these mammals will never resemble those of the recent past or even today. The findings are based on a new study, "Disassembled food webs and messy projections: modern ungulate communities in the face of unabating human population growth," published June 9 in Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. Joel Berger, lead author of the study and a professor at Colorado State University, said that the time for action is now, and that touting past conservation achievements does little to better humanity's future. "We all must realize we're members of a broad, beautiful and living planet, and we must find ways to subsist in this together or suffer more severe consequences than what we already see," said Berger, also a senior scientist at the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS). "For many assemblages of animals, we are nearing a moment in time, when, like Humpty Dumpty, we will not be able to put things back together again." Berger is also the Barbara Cox Anthony University Chair of Wildlife Conservation at CSU. Analyzing ecological, human disruptors In this study, the research team—which also included Alejandro Vila, the director for Science for WCS's Patagonia Program; Cristobal Briceno, a professor and veterinarian at University of Chile; and Joanna Lambert, a professor at the University of Colorado Boulder—analyzed direct and indirect disruptions that lead to the changing roles of mammals in global ecosystems and noted how the nature of ecological interactions has changed and will do so, on an even larger scale, in coming decades. More specifically, they looked at what has transpired with the huemul in Patagonia, takin in Bhutan, wild horses in deserts, wolves and coyotes in North America, and the inevitability of change in big ecosystems as large carnivores are extirpated. Scientists said this is happening as the human population increases it footprint on land. "Even in the remote reaches of the Himalayas, stray and feral dogs, a direct result of human intrusions, wreak havoc on wild and domestic species of high economic value and cultural importance," said Tshewang Wangchuk, a study co-author, conservation biologist and president of the Bhutan Foundation. Humans only recently colonized parts of the Himalayas, areas where ice has receded due to warming temperatures. Yet, the authors also point to human population change at a global scale. In 1830 when Vice-Admiral Robert Fitzroy captained his ship, the Beagle, through the Magellan Straits of South America, fewer than 1.2 billion people inhabited Earth. By Earth Day in 1970, there were more than 3.5 billion. Today, only 50 years later the world's population approaches eight billion. Livestock and humans now constitute a staggering 97 percent of the planet's mammal biomass. Food webs irretrievably altered The research team said worldwide food webs have become irretrievably altered by humans, with little hope to reconstitute even recent past conditions or to put back the ecological functions once created by native species. Feral pigs, for instance, exist today on every continent except Antarctica, and in 70 percent of the states in the United States. These animals disrupt fish, reptiles, birds and other small mammals, plants and soils. In addition, climate change warms the oceans, which in turn foments marine algal blooms, reducing fishery catches. With less demand for fish, a consequent uptick in wildlife poaching on land occurs. The scientists also documented how an appetite for fashion like cashmere increases imports to the west from Mongolia, India and China, resulting in economic incentives for desert pastoralists to produce more domestic goats in central Asia. These goats compete for food with native species and are in danger due to increasing numbers of dogs in these areas. The dogs are not only predators but also carry diseases, which jeopardizes endangered species like snow leopards, kiang and Przewalksi's gazelle. Use 'ecological grief' to implement action Berger and the study authors suggest that despite the grim findings, all is not yet lost. The world has remarkable protected areas including: Serengeti and Kruger National Park in Africa, Yellowstone and Wrangell-St. Elias National Park & Preserve in North America, Madidi National Park in Bolivia, the Patagonia Ice Fields of Chile and Argentina, Chang Tang Nature Reserve in China, and Northeast Greenland National Park, the world's largest national park. And although food webs with large mammals will be different from those of the past and operate differently today, there are options to shape the future. "It is not too late and we simply do not have the luxury of time to mourn what we have lost," said Lambert. "We need to use our ecological grief to implement action and honor the exceptional biodiversity that remains. This can be done by protecting large tracts of the planet's wild places." Provided by: Colorado State University More information: Joel Berger et al. Disassembled Food Webs and Messy Projections: Modern Ungulate Communities in the Face of Unabating Human Population Growth. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution (2020). DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00128 Image: Some of the world's largest, most spectacular and unheralded mammals are silently slipping away, species like Tibetan wild yaks and Patagonia's huemul. Credit: Joel Berger/ Colorado State University Read the full article

[thisdaynews]

The Nasty Political Fight Over the First Weather Forecasts

New Post has been published on https://thebiafrastar.com/the-nasty-political-fight-over-the-first-weather-forecasts/

The Nasty Political Fight Over the First Weather Forecasts

On October 25, 1859, a slow-moving gale churned northward toward the British Isles, winds topping 100 miles an hour in a narrow fury over the Irish Sea. That evening, the steam clipperRoyal Charteralso approached the coast with 500 men, women and children aboard, on what should have been the celebratory last night of a two-month journey from Australia.

Not gleaning the grave danger in the atmosphere, theRoyal Charter’scaptain pushed on toward Wales. By midnight, the 3,000-ton behemoth was foundering. The crew anchored off the coast of Anglesey to try and ride out the gale. The port chain snapped first; the starboard chain, an hour later. Just after dawn on the 26th, the winds and waves drove theRoyal Charteronto the rocky shore, breaking its iron hull to pieces. All but 41 passengers were crushed or drowned.

Story Continued Below

What became known as the “Royal Charter Storm” went down in history as the most violent storm of the 19th century in the British Isles, sinking 133 vessels and leaving more than 800 people dead, including all the women and children on the namesake ship.

The storm made history, too, for establishing the first systematic weather forecasts—until politics got in the way of public safety.

For two weeks now, Americans have watched as President Donald Trump’s refusal to admit a minor mistake about the path of Hurricane Dorian has consumed more attention than the rising death toll and humanitarian crisis in the Bahamas. Trump’s statement that Alabama could be hit by Dorian prompted a correction from the National Weather Service station in Birmingham. That was followed by the president’s alteration of a hurricane map with a Sharpie pen; an unusual, unsigned statement from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which oversees NWS, defending Trump; then, reports that the secretary of Commerce had threatened to fire top NOAA employees if they didn’t contradict their own forecasters.

Storm forecasting was born of the worst sort of politics, as the full story of theRoyal Chartermakes clear. Then, as now, the consequences of inaccurate or censored information about the weather can be measured in lost lives and widespread destruction of property.

Five years before theRoyal Charterdisaster, British Vice Admiral Robert FitzRoy, who had captainedHMS Beagleduring Charles Darwin’s famous voyage, was named founding director of Britain’s Meteorological Office. FitzRoy had long agitated for a system of weather-data collection to allow scientists to detect storms and warn ship captains and the public. He named his concept “forecasting.” By analyzing temperature, barometric readings, and other data from ships and stations, he was convinced, scientists could detect emerging storms and post warnings—saving thousands of lives, not to mention the property lost to shipwrecks.

FitzRoy was right about the science of forecasting. But the politics were beyond rational prediction. In Victorian times, the idea of forecasting struck many nonscientists as ludicrous—a con, or even an affront to God. In his bookThe Weather Experiment, the British historian Peter Moore recounts a telling House of Commons debate. When a science-minded member of Parliament suggested in 1854 that amassing weather observations from sea and land could someday mean “we might know in this metropolis the condition of the weather 24 hours beforehand,” laughter broke out raucously enough to stop the proceeding.

The screams from the wreck of theRoyal Chartersnuffed out the laughs. After the storm, FitzRoy produced a detailed report showing how the tempest could have been tracked and its path predicted, validating his model. The Meteorological Office began collecting weather data in the fall of 1860. When the office accurately predicted its first gale, in February 1861, FitzRoy became a hero to many.

To others, he was still a pariah. FitzRoy and other public meteorologists were ridiculed as the “government Zadkiel,” the pseudonym of the most famous British astrologer in Victorian times. Darker motives were also at work. The late Malcolm Walker, a long-time historian of the Meteorological Office, found that in the early 1860s, ship-salvaging and other disaster profiteerslobbied members of Parliament to complain that storm warnings were “having a damaging effect” on their livelihood.

In 1864, one member of the House of Commons, Augustus Smith, wrote that he did not think the government should “undertake the functions of Aeolus,” the Greek god of wind. Smith also had financial interests in the Isles of Scilly, off the Cornish coast. In his public response, FitzRoy noted that ever since the introduction of forecasting, the Scilly harbors had far fewer visits from vessels in distress. His implication: Smith’s real concern was loss of profits. Data collection continued, but only for another year.

Across the Atlantic, the Americans did not have the same qualms about forecasting. By 1860, 500 U.S. telegraph offices were transmitting weather data to Washington, though with the secession of the Southern states and the outbreak of civil war, the network crumbled. After the war, a petition from the Great Lakes region—where violent weather contributed to 1,914 shipwrecks in 1869 alone—urged Congress to establish a meteorology agency and national weather service that could track storms as they moved in from the west. The next year, President Ulysses S. Grant signed a resolution creating what would become the National Weather Service. Alabama’s was one of 22 original stations that telegraphed observations to Washington.

Trump’s crude altering of a Hurricane Dorian map to contradict Alabama forecasters recalls the Zadkiel politics that stymied British forecasting. For Trump, vindication has always been more important than public information. But the real shame of the president’s Sharpie is that it has blacked out the most important story in the wake of Hurricane Dorian: the 1,300 souls still unaccounted for in the Bahamas. NOAA’s chief scientist and three former heads of the agency are among many who have stood to make the point that forecasting “should never be political.” There are simply too many lives at stake.

That lesson was hard-won at the dawn of forecasting, a science whose truth had to overcome the vulgar politics of its birth. On April 30,1865, FitzRoy, hero to ship captains and the Royal Navy, died by suicide, slashing his throat with a razor. Fellow scientists believed it was the pressure of trying to make accurate weather predictions in the face of constant criticism and ridicule. FitzRoy was also anguished by the death of President Abraham Lincoln, according to Walker, the Meteorological Office historian. FitzRoy’s suicide gave his critics ammunition to convince the public and lawmakers that forecasting was an immoral pseudoscience. Parliament banned all public forecasts in England for the next 13 years, allegedly because of inaccuracies.

We can only imagine the number of lives lost at sea, all due to the politicization of storm forecasting.

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30 Gigantic Influences Of Room Home Photos | room home photos

AFTER years spent active in hotels as one fifth of Girls Aloud, Kimberley Walsh now has the account absolute ancestors home.

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