#bekenstein

[drelldreams]

pick the planet/station you’d want to live on most if you were in the mass effect universe (no reapers AU)

[annakie]

Mass Effect 2 Photomode - Bekenstein, Donovan Hock’s Estate

[shiara-tsoni]

Bekenstein

[a-very-smooth-boltzmann-brain]

So...Tumblr...hehehe

The Beckenstein bound for information storage-able-before-becoming-a-singularity-from-all-that-entropy of the human brain is like 10^56 ish terra bytes i guess, I mean my math guesses. Here's the fun part, if it were a super computer it's speed would be 100 tera FLOPS (100 trillion ish floating point operations per second) and assuming ALL its computations involve 2 bit sized data, it'd be like 200 trillion bits per second. That would be, yes, 25 TBs per second. An average human lives say 72 years, RENT math and we have 2 x 10^9 seconds to be alive. Or process or store or whatever. And we are left with a mere 50 x 10^9 TBs of information. HOWEVER, if this were a computer with a little more time to fck around, it'd still take 10^47 seconds, ie, 10^40 years to BECOME A BLACKHOLE FROM INFORMATION OVERLOAD.

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

Uncovering the massive quantum mysteries of black holes Bizarre quantum properties of black holes – including their mind-bending ability to have different masses simultaneously – have been confirmed by University of Queensland physicists. A UQ-led team of theoretical physicists, headed by PhD candidate Joshua Foo, ran calculations that reveal surprising black hole quantum phenomena. “Black holes are an incredibly unique and fascinating feature of our universe,” Mr Foo said. “They’re created when gravity squeezes a vast amount of matter incredibly densely into a tiny space, creating so much gravitational pull that even light cannot escape. “It’s a phenomenon that can be triggered by a dying star. “But, until now, we haven’t deeply investigated whether black holes display some of the weird and wonderful behaviours of quantum physics. “One such behaviour is superposition, where particles on a quantum scale can exist in multiple states at the same time. “This is most commonly illustrated by Schrödinger’s cat, which can be both dead and alive simultaneously. “But, for black holes, we wanted to see whether they could have wildly different masses at the same time, and it turns out they do. “Imagine you’re both broad and tall, as well as short and skinny at the same time – it’s a situation which is intuitively confusing since we’re anchored in the world of traditional physics. “But this is reality for quantum black holes.” To reveal this, the team developed a mathematical framework allowing us to “place” a particle outside a theoretical mass-superposed black hole. Mass was looked at specifically, as it is a defining feature of a black hole, and as it is plausible that quantum black holes would naturally have mass superposition. Research co-supervisor, Dr Magdalena Zych, said that the research in fact reinforces conjectures raised by pioneers of quantum physics. “Our work shows that the very early theories of Jacob Bekenstein – an American and Israeli theoretical physicist who made fundamental contributions to the foundation of black hole thermodynamics – were on the money,” she said. “He postulated that black holes can only have masses that are of certain values, that is, they must fall within certain bands or ratios — this is how energy levels of an atom works, for example. “Our modelling showed that these superposed masses were, in fact, in certain determined bands or ratios – as predicted by Bekenstein. “We didn’t assume any such pattern going in, so the fact we found this evidence was quite surprising. “The universe is revealing to us that it’s always more strange, mysterious and fascinating than most of us could have ever imagined.” The research has been published in Physical Review Letters. IMAGE....An illustration of a mass-quantised black hole, created using NightCafe Creator AI.

[galeofwaterdeeps]

Bekenstein

[clericofshadows]

REGIS SHEPARD - 5/??? MASS EFFECT 2 - BEKENSTEIN SUITING UP

[pathcrier]

Elara Shepard, raised by krogan parents on Bekenstein, and crushing on one (1) ex c-sec officer 💜

[Click for better quality]

[mysticstronomy]

WHAT IS THE BLACK HOLE INFORMATION PARADOX??

Blog#256

Saturday, December 24th, 2022

Welcome back,

A black hole’s event horizon is the ultimate last-chance saloon: beyond this boundary nothing, not even light, can escape. But does this “anything” include information itself? Physicists have spent the best part of four decades grappling with the “information paradox”, but a group of researchers from the UK thinks it can offer a solution.

The researchers have created a theoretical model for the event horizon of a black hole that eschews space–time altogether. Their work also supports a controversial theory proposed in 2010 suggests that gravity is an emergent force rather than a universal fundamental interaction.

The information paradox first surfaced in the early 1970s when Stephen Hawking of Cambridge University, building on earlier work by Jacob Bekenstein at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, suggested that black holes are not totally black.

Hawking showed that particle–antiparticle pairs generated at the event horizon – the outer periphery of a black hole – would be separated. One particle would fall into the black hole while the other would escape, making the black hole a radiating body.

Hawking’s theory implied that, over time, a black hole would eventually evaporate away, leaving nothing. This presented a problem for quantum mechanics, which dictates that nothing, including information, can ever be lost. If black holes withheld information forever in their singularities, there would be a fundamental flaw with quantum mechanics.

The significance of the information paradox came to a head in 1997 when Hawking, together with Kip Thorne of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in the US, placed a bet with John Preskill, also of Caltech. At the time, Hawking and Thorne both believed that information was lost in black holes, while Preskill thought that it was impossible. Later, however, Hawking conceded the bet, saying he believed that information is returned – albeit in a disguised state.

At the turn of this century, Maulik Parikh of the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands, together with Frank Wilczek of the Institute of Advanced Study in Princeton, US, showed how information could leak away from a black hole. In their theory, information-carrying particles just within the event horizon could tunnel through the barrier, following the principles of quantum mechanics. But this solution, too, remained debatable.

Now, Samuel Braunstein and Manas Patra of the University of York in the UK think they have formulated a tunnelling theory that looks rather more attractive than Parikh and Wilczek’s theory.

“We cannot claim to have proven that escape from a black hole is truly possible,” they explain, “but that is the most straightforward interpretation of our results.

Normally, theorists dealing with black holes have to wrestle with the complex geometries of space–time arising from Einstein’s theory of gravitation – the theory of general relativity. In their model, Braunstein and Patra say that the event horizon is purely quantum mechanical in nature, with bits of quantum “Hilbert” space tunnelling through the barrier.

Originally published on physicsworld.com

COMING UP!!

(Wednesday, December 28th, 2022)

"WHAT IS THE BOOTSTRAP PARADOX??"

[menacingmetal]

Shepard at Bekenstein

[lonesurvivorao3]

Only Beneficial To The Hanar

First chapter is up. Have a Bekenstein snippet.

He steered their route across the vast orchard, cherry blossoms descending, landing in her hair.

Time flowed one way, memory another for every species but his. If she thought of him as often as he knew he’d think of her, the flaws in the human brain would be a blessing.

He didn't discern any sound from her as he halted, turned and drew her to him. Having been content to take in the sight of her at every given opportunity, their time together drew perilously short.

The moonlight gave Eris an ethereal glow, and he allowed his fingers to trail down the thick braid over her right shoulder, and at that moment, time suspended itself.

[illusivesoul]

First Lines

@alyssalenko tagged me to share the first line of my last ten published works or as many as I’m able and to see if there are any patterns! Thank you :) I'll tag @quietborderline @sillyliterature @mtreebeardiles @galfrey @wardenrainwall and @mclavellan Only if you feel like doing this, of course.

.

In Time - The cargo bay in Bekenstein was still on fire.

1 Week to Amaranthine - "What do you mean it can't be sent?"

Neck Massage - “Your hair smells really nice”

Beach Sounds - "I don't usually spend much time like this. I like the quiet"

IllusiveSoul's 2022 Kinktober Fics - The wooden door creaked open, the sound of metallic hinges ranging out across the Chantry as Bethany stepped inside, her steps echoing across the stone floor.

Fever - "You're burning up," Michel said, reading the temperature report on the omnitool while running her hand across Karin's white and gray hair, who was resting with her head on the redhead's lap.

IllusiveSoul's Femslash February 2022 fics - She had disliked the woman from the moment she first saw her. 

The Crow and the Bear - Ferelden had never been a land he enjoyed.

Come Back to Me - "The Western Approach?"

Sadness and Joy - Josephine's laughter filled the garden as Adaar planted soft kisses along her neck, her face covered in a reddish hue as the blush covered her cheeks. 

[electronichermit]

Sunsets Over Bekenstein

[dragonflight203]

Mass Effect 2 replay, Kasumi’s loyalty mission:

-Needed to recruit Mordin first so I could research upgrades, but Kasumi’s up next so I can get the locust.

Omega:

-If you go paragon when speaking to the Patriarch after Aria’s asked you to get him to safety, you hear the first mention of a krogan’s krantt.

Krantts are a fantastic addition to the world building for krogans. They add some much needed depth to how they relate to each other beyond killing.

-It’s a shame the Patriarch doesn’t come back in ME3. The quest positions him as potentially regaining some influence if you go paragon – he could have been leading a rebellion against the Cerberus forces in the Omega DLC or the like.

-Aria’s past is built up in ME2, but again nothing comes of this. Just vague hints that major shit went down.

-According to Gavorn if you go renegade, slavers regularly kidnap vorcha to sell. Lovely.

Bekenstein

-As many have noted, its ridiculous that a garden world so close to the Citadel was left unclaimed until humanity came along. The game doesn’t even try to justify it.

-General observation: Why are women in Mass Effect normally in dresses for casual wear?

The exceptions I can think of are outfits for Shepard and colonists. But on the Citadel or Omega, the casual wear for all women are dresses.

It stands out to me given that I’m far more accustomed to seeing women wear pants than dresses or skirts.

Also, I’d like an option to put femShep in a suit for formal wear.

-As many have have noted, it’s strange Kasumi didn’t dress up for the mission. Honestly, the real reason Hock didn’t let her is because she probably didn’t meet the dress code.

-It says something about Mass Effect that guests to a fancy party are permitted to keep pistols. It’s the norm for everyone to be armed.

Unless you’re a human refugee in the Omega slums, apparently.

-I do appreciate how ME1 and ME2 had several missions that did not involve combat. Or at least parts of missions. ME3 could have used more of those.

-There is transient dialogue at the party about how Shepard is dead.

Seriously, what was up with Jacob saying that the general public doesn’t know they’re dead? How did that line make it to production?

-The mercs are Eclipse, but the ones at the party are all human. Given that Eclipse is primarily Asari and Salarian, that’s notable.

-And nearly all the guests are human too.

-Does Hock have ties to Cerberus?

He’s shady, involved in several questionable activities, and signs point to human supremacist. It’d be natural for him to be connected to Cerberus.

-You’d think an alarm would go off when the power to the barrier for the vault is disabled.

Sure, Kasumi may have taken care of that too but there’s no indication to it.

-Why does Kasumi hack the first security door, but then leave me to hack the second?

She’s definitely laughing at my struggles.

-As others have noted, the krogan anime playing in the security room is interesting.

I really want to see in universe media of Mass Effect. Can you imagine Mass Effect anime? It’d be a trip.

-You don’t even need to pass a speech check to get Hock talking if you flirt with him. He just goes off.

-Why does Shepard need to speak to Hock, anyway? Couldn’t she just linger around him while he speaks to other guests? Study the fish or something.

-There’s a statue from Illos in the vault. It’s labeled a prothean statue. Given this is from Shepard’s point of view, it indicates Shepard at least believed that’s what protheans looked like.

-Why does Hock have so many statues of krogans? There’s four or five.

-Why is turian art unusual outside of Palaven?

Is it because no one else vibes with turian art? I don’t think so – Kasumi said it may be the most valuable piece in the collection.

So the implication is that turian art is rare.

That feels unlikely; it’s pretty typical for large governments to commission art pieces to show them off. If only to one up other governments.

I suppose turians could just not value art, but outside this line there’s no indication of that.

Give me more cultural world building, Bioware!

-Why is the locust on the same podium as the gray box? Why is the gray box even on display in the vault among a bunch of statues? Where are the rare books, etc.?

I’m grateful for the opportunity to see all these statues, but logically the gray box would be stored somewhere else. And not with a submachine gun.

-I am not enjoying my insanity playthrough of ME2. I just ran through all my ammo for the first time.

How are thermal clips superior to ME1 overheating again? Is there some reason I can’t keep a gun that uses overheating on me as backup in case I run out of thermal clips?

-Thank goodness that there’s a checkpoint in the fight with Hock’s gunship. Once Kasumi destroys the shield, if you die you reload at that point.

-I debated whether to have Kasumi destroy or keep the graybox. I’ve always let her keep it before.

I think it’s healthier for her to destroy it, but it’s not really my call to make.

Also, ME2 mechanics at play here. I need to make sure I have enough paragon points to resolve the Tali/Legion quarrel later. So let her keep the graybox it is.

Normandy

-Emily Wong assumed Shepard’s “death” was them going undercover. If I recall correctly, a few others believe the same.

Again: Everyone knows Shepard was dead. What was Jacob talking about?

-And the Blue Suns offered to take over the security for Mordin’s old clinic. Fortunately, Daniel told them no. Hopefully he lives long enough to make it stick.

-Early Mass Effect 2 is heavily weighted to tech. I already have two, plus the decreased cooldown time they unlock.

I don’t think you get any upgrades for biotics until after Horizon, if my memory is correct, unless you play the firewalker dlc.

As someone who always plays biotics, this is painful.

-Miranda has no new dialogue, oddly enough.

Jacob

-I do not understand why Jacob is with Cerberus. This is starting to feel like a toxic relationship.

Past experiences with Cerberus make him assume the worst of everyone. He’s wary of friendly overtures because they’re normally false. Not trusting other people is the norm.

Jacob, why are you here? Do you assume TIM will kill you if you leave and don’t trust Shepard enough to tell them that?

If so, kudos to you based on ME3 but I wish that had been discussed at some point.

Talking to this man feels like trying to gain the trust of a feral cat that’s accustomed to being kicked.

-He says that the Alliance doesn’t people handle their own problems and Cerberus is the same, but puts more effort into hiding that they’re spying on you.

I’ve lost track of how many times it’s come up that the Normandy is under surveillance. Does Jacob consider this subtle? What does he consider blatant?

-Once again, it feels like threading a needle to not trigger a romance with Jacob. And once again, he makes it very clear that he’s not interested.

Shepard has the opportunity to tell Jacob that since they’re interested, they’re going to assume Jacob’s down for it too.

The romance with Jacob is both incredibly icky and very hard to avoid. I don’t know what Bioware was thinking.

Mordan

-Just like Wrex, Mordin dismisses the concept of a krogan scientist.

It would have been hilarious if we had recruited Okeer and the two had to share a lab. We would have been down one teammate.

-Now Mordin opens up to you and tells you about reinforcing the genophage.

He claims it’s because he wants you to know that he’s willing to do what’s necessary, but it comes off as wanting reassurance that he did the right thing.

As much as he insists that it was necessary and not genocide, his guilt is obvious.

-Interestingly, going paragon nets you 6 paragon points. Going neutral earns you 4 paragon points.

Neutral doesn’t push back against the genophage. It just validates Mordin telling you about his work. Bioware could easily have had it provide no points, but gave you the opportunity to earn paragon points without opposing the genophage.

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

Direct evidence for modified gravity at low acceleration from Gaia observations of wide binary stars

A new study reports conclusive evidence for the breakdown of standard gravity in the low acceleration limit from a verifiable analysis of the orbital motions of long-period, widely separated, binary stars, usually referred to as wide binaries in astronomy and astrophysics. The study carried out by Kyu-Hyun Chae, professor of physics and astronomy at Sejong University in Seoul, used up to 26,500 wide binaries within 650 light years (LY) observed by European Space Agency’s Gaia space telescope. Kareem El-Badry, then at Harvard and now a faculty at Caltech, helped Chae so that he could use the Gaia database.

For a key improvement over other studies Chae’s study focused on calculating gravitational accelerations experienced by binary stars as a function of their separation or, equivalently the orbital period, by a Monte Carlo deprojection of observed sky-projected motions to the three-dimensional space. Chae explains on this point, “From the start it seemed clear to me that gravity could be most directly and efficiently tested by calculating accelerations because gravitational field itself is an acceleration. My recent research experiences with galactic rotation curves led me to this idea. Galactic disks and wide binaries share some similarity in their orbits, though wide binaries follow highly elongated orbits while hydrogen gas particles in a galactic disk follow nearly circular orbits.” Also, unlike other studies Chae calibrated the occurrence rate of hidden nested inner binaries at a benchmark acceleration as shown in the Figure.  

The study finds that when two stars orbit around with each other with accelerations lower than about one nanometer per second squared start to deviate from the prediction by Newton’s universal law of gravitation and Einstein’s general relativity. For accelerations lower than about 0.1 nanometer per second squared, the observed acceleration is about 30 to 40 percent higher than the Newton-Einstein prediction. The significance is very high meeting the conventional criteria of 5 sigma for a scientific discovery. In a sample of 20,000 wide binaries within a distance limit of 650 LY two independent acceleration bins respectively show deviations of over 5 sigma significance in the same direction.

Because the observed accelerations stronger than about 10 nanometer per second squared agree well with the Newton-Einstein prediction from the same analysis, the observed boost of accelerations at lower accelerations is a mystery. What is intriguing is that this breakdown of the Newton-Einstein theory at accelerations weaker than about one nanometer per second squared was suggested 40 years ago by theoretical physicist Mordehai Milgrom at the Weizmann Institute in Israel in a new theoretical framework called modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) or Milgromian dynamics in current usage. Moreover, the boost factor of about 1.4 is correctly predicted by a MOND-type Lagrangian theory of gravity called AQUAL, proposed by Milgrom and the late physicist Jacob Bekenstein. What is remarkable is that the correct boost factor requires the external field effect from the Milky Way galaxy that is a unique prediction of MOND-type modified gravity. Thus, what the wide binary data show are not only the breakdown of Newtonian dynamics but also the manifestation of the external field effect of modified gravity.

On the results, Chae says, “It seems impossible that a conspiracy or unknown systematic can cause these acceleration-dependent breakdown of the standard gravity in agreement with AQUAL. I have examined all possible systematics as described in the rather long paper. The results are genuine. I foresee that the results will be confirmed and refined with better and larger data in the future. I have also released all my codes for the sake of transparency and to serve any interested researchers.”

Unlike galactic rotation curves in which the observed boosted accelerations can, in principle, be attributed to dark matter in the Newton-Einstein standard gravity, wide binary dynamics cannot be affected by it even if it existed. The standard gravity simply breaks down in the weak acceleration limit in accordance with the MOND framework.

Implications of wide binary dynamics are profound in astrophysics, theoretical physics, and cosmology. Anomalies in Mercury’s orbits observed in the nineteenth century eventually led to Einstein’s general relativity. Now anomalies in wide binaries require a new theory extending general relativity to the low acceleration MOND limit. Despite all the successes of Newton’s gravity, general relativity is needed for relativistic gravitational phenomena such as black holes and gravitational waves. Likewise, despite all the successes of general relativity, a new theory is needed for MOND phenomena in the weak acceleration limit. The weak-acceleration catastrophe of gravity may have some similarity to the ultraviolet catastrophe of classical electrodynamics that led to quantum physics.

Wide binary anomalies are a disaster to the standard gravity and cosmology that rely on dark matter and dark energy concepts. Because gravity follows MOND, a large amount of dark matter in galaxies (and even in the universe) are no longer needed. This is also a big surprise to Chae who, like typical scientists, “believed in” dark matter until a few years ago.  

A new revolution in physics seems now under way. On the present results and the future prospects, Milgrom says, “Chae’s finding is a result of a very involved analysis of cutting-edge data, which, as far as I can judge, he has performed very meticulously and carefully. But for such a far-reaching finding -- and it is indeed very far reaching -- we require confirmation by independent analyses, preferably with better future data. If this anomaly is confirmed as a breakdown of Newtonian dynamics, and especially if it indeed agrees with the most straightforward predictions of MOND, it will have enormous implications for astrophysics, cosmology, and for fundamental physics at large.“

Xavier Hernandez, professor at UNAM in Mexico who first suggested wide binary tests of gravity a decade ago, says, “It is exciting that the departure from Newtonian gravity that my group has claimed for some time has now been independently confirmed, and impressive that this departure has for the first time been correctly identified as accurately corresponding to a detailed MOND model. The unprecedented accuracy of the Gaia satellite, the large and meticulously selected sample Chae uses and his detailed analysis, make his results sufficiently robust to qualify as a discovery.”

Pavel Kroupa, professor at Bonn University and at Charles University in Prague, has come to the same conclusions concerning the law of gravitation. He says, "With this test on wide binaries as well as our tests on open star clusters nearby the Sun, the data now compellingly imply that gravitation is Milgromian rather than Newtonian. The implications for all of astrophysics are immense."

The finding was published in the 1 August 2023 issue of the Astrophysical Journal.

Reference: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ace101 “Breakdown of the Newton–Einstein Standard Gravity at Low Acceleration in Internal Dynamics of Wide Binary Stars” (The Astrophysical Journal, 2023, Vol. 952, article ID 128)

[clericofshadows]

citadel dlc infiltration wip

my favorite thing about writing up the casino mission is coming up with distractions for the guards...

All that remained in order to get inside the safe room was a few cameras, a patrolling guard, and a stationary one looking bored against the wall. They were alone in the room; a couple walked out as the three of them lingered nearby the entrance.

"So, how are we going to handle this?" Regis asked, pathing out a way to disable everything as cleanly as possible.

"Don't worry, I have a plan," Zaeed said, motioning for Regis to enter the room. "Get yourself nice and positioned by the controls, and we'll make sure you get us in with no problems."

Regis looked at Kaidan who merely shrugged in response, not appearing to know what Zaeed was planning, which didn't concern him at all. Nope.

If worse comes to worse, they can just Stasis the guards and threaten Khan. Not the end of the world.

Regis gave them one last lingering look before walking inside, sitting down on one of the couches closest to the first panel. He made a show as if he was searching for something in his coat, waiting to see if any of the guards were about to approach him.

Regis was in the clear. Ready to activate his omnitool at any moment, he kept a lazy eye out for his lovers, watching as they walked inside, looking a little flustered.

Oh, no. Really?

"What the hell were you thinking, spending all my goddamn money like that?" Zaeed asked, his voice in a low, dangerous growl reserved for the worst of the scum of the galaxy.

"'My' money," Kaidan replied, with dramatic air quotes, his voice carefully flat. "I don't know, what was that doc we signed all those years ago, signifying the joining of what, exactly? Remind me of that Zachary!"

Regis had to hide a snort as he activated his omnitool. The stationary guard shuffled on his feet, careful to look at anything other than them.

"Yes, yes, commitment and all that goddamn shit, I haven't forgotten! Do you know what I was saving up for you, Kevin?" Laying it on thick with the names, loves, Regis thought to himself, listening out for the tell-tale sign of the program finishing up. It was taking a bit longer with this one.

"I don't know, tell me. You've been awfully cagey lately. And hey, I ended up making more goddamn money than what we started with, so stop with your complaining!"

"Yeah, you may have made more money, but guess what? That wasn't your fucking decision to make. Because I was going to buy us a goddamn home on Bekenstein, and you nearly robbed us of a chance for that!"

Aw, how sweet. The program chimed, and Regis got up to deal with the next one. The other guard in his route had moved closer to his lovers, slowing down as he assessed the situation.

"You... what? Our dream home?" Kaidan asked all starry-eyed. He's sure Wren was getting an absolute kick out of this, but she was suspiciously quiet. Maybe she was enjoying the show as much as Regis was.

"Yes, you blind idiot!" Out of the corner of his eye, Regis saw Zaeed step closer to Kaidan.

"You should've told me! You know how much planning I have to do now to make it perfect? Come here, you asshole." Kaidan closed the distance between them, grabbing Zaeed by the shirt collar, and pushing him up against the wall near the door.

Regis activated his omnitool the moment he heard the patrolling guard clear his throat awkwardly, inputting the program and watching for the cameras, both still disabled. He would've love to watch the show, having just enough of them in view to see that they were ignoring the guard, too absorbed in each other and their love. Or something.

The other guard had joined his partner, clearing his throat louder and trying to find a way to deal with the... situation.

The program chimed, and Regis moved away from the wall, sending out a quick pulse in the gravity well to signify he was ready to go.

He watched, amused, as they broke apart. "Sorry, gentlemen. A place like this makes you feel so in love," Kaidan sighed. "We'll finish this later, darling. Got to show all my appreciation somehow."