#best cbse question bank for class 11

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Best Question Bank for Class 11 Computer Science 2024-25 | Together with Books

Best CBSE Question Bank for Class 11 Computer Science Chapter-wise study material to prepare for 2024-25 exams. Curated as per the latest syllabus, the most recommended reference book includes Constructed Response (Short & Long Answer) Type Questions, Previous Years’ & HOTS, MCQs, Case/Source-based Integrated Questions for practice. Get Best Question Bank for Class 11 for Computer Science.

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Best CBSE Class 11th Accountancy Coaching

  Online & Offline Classes for Class 11 Accountancy

CP Classes offers the best Classes for Accounts Class 11th under the guidance of CA Niraj Jain having an experience of 12+ years in the field of professional mentoring.

Learning Modes:

Our Classes are available in the following modes :

·         Face-to-Face Classes (at our Jaipur Campus)

·         Live Classes / Online Classes (All India)

·         Google Drive Lectures (All India & Abroad)

·         Pen Drive Lectures (All India)

What is Accounting?

Just to simplify, ‘Accounting is the process of recording financial transactions pertaining to a business. The accounting process includes summarising, analysing and reporting these transactions to oversight agencies, regulators and tax collection entities.’

Coaching Classes for Accounts:

Guess What !!! You’ve landed to the right place if you’re looking for the perfect Class 11th Accountancy Classes for CBSE and other State Boards.

Accountancy is assumed to be one of the most interesting subject for every student of Class 11th Commerce. It is a 100% scoring subject that can improve the percentage of students in their Exams. Accounts needs regular practise and revision. CP Classes is the most recommended Accounts Institute in Malviya Nagar (Jaipur) & is one of the Best Commerce Coaching in Jaipur. The faculties of the institute have 12+ years of experience.

CP makes learning easy due to which Accounts becomes a favourite subject of students. Many students of CP have scored 100% Marks in Accounts. We put best efforts that help our students to target a 100% Score in Accounts Exam. For this, students are first taught the basics of every topic & ample of questions are solved later, so that each topic is effectively understood in-depth.

Why choose Commerce Paathshala for Class 11 Accounts?

·         In-Depth Conceptual Teaching

·         Topic by Topic Coverage of entire Syllabus

·         Notes are provided which helps and boosts up the Revision process

·         Mock Tests are held periodically for assessing the performance of students

·         Students are provided with a question bank of 700+ Unsolved Questions which are solved and discussed thoroughly during the Lectures

·         Video Backup is also available for each Lecture

·         Special Doubt Solving Sessions

Having said this, we would also ensure that, Class 11th Accountancy Classes at Commerce Paathshala covers all NCERT topics as per the updated CBSE Class 11 Accounts syllabus for 2021-22.

Flexibility of Learning at Commerce Paathshala:

·         Face-to-Face Classes which are available for students who wish to study Offline at Jaipur. It facilitates a direct interaction of student with the teacher.

·         Live Classes in real-time which can be accessed by all students around the world.

·         Doubts Solving Session are conducted live periodically where students can ask their queries regarding the subject matter.

·         Revision Marathon Classes, a booster for exam preparation in which entire syllabus is covered in a short-time span.

·         Exam Preparation and Motivation Lectures, a must for every student. It gears up for lending a whole-hearted effort in exam time.

·

Our Live Classes @ Home:

In Live Classes, the faculty, CA Niraj Jain covers each and every topic from Class 11th Accounts syllabus and explains it thoroughly with the help of examples and case studies.

10 Unique Features of our Live Classes:-

·         Chapter-wise and Topic-wise Classes based on the School’s Academic Curriculum

·         Live @ Home Classes at your convenience.

·         Smart Teaching Tools

·         Online Tests

·         Interactive Live Chat Box for students, that allows them to talk to teachers without interrupting the whole class

·         Best & Highly Qualified Tutors of Commerce

·         Focus on Theory as well as Practical aspect of every Topic

·         Recorded Class Option is also available at an extra cost for future streaming of Lectures

·         PDFs of the study material which students can read online or take a print out.

·         Visual Presentations for better Understanding

So, don’t think for a second. Start learning with CP Classes.

Our Pen Drive Classes & Google Drive Classes

Class 11th Accounts Online Classes and Video Lectures, is another option for our students to learn the concepts easily of the entire CBSE or State Boards Class 11th Accounts Syllabus.

Our video lectures for accounts are very adequate for Class 11th students in the CBSE or any State Board. We also provide study material through PDFs. We always look forward to help students in providing in-depth knowledge regarding the syllabus, books, marking scheme, and question paper, sample papers etc.

Class 11 Accounts Economics Business Studies Pendrive & Google Drive Classes

₹14,000

Class 11 Accounts Google Drive Classes

₹7,000 

  Class 11th Accounts Pendrive Classes

₹7,500

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Best Institute for Class 11 Science in Dwarka

Science Tuition for 11th Classes in Dwarka for CBSE Board

 After choosing the appropriate subject in class 11th, the biggest confusion for students as well as for the parents is selection of the best coaching, wherein they can get the best guidance for their exams.

In today’s time of extreme competition it is very necessary to have guidance from experienced mentors, who along with guiding for class 11th science subjects also work in the overall development of a child.

If you live nearby Dwarka, and are looking for the best coaching for class 11 Science, then Aspirations Institute is a very good option. Every year they produce toppers, who outperform in board exams.

Reasons for joining Aspirations Institute for Science Tuition for 11th Classes CBSE Board-

●      Experienced faculty- Aspirations Institute focuses on delivering quality to the students, thus they have a team of well educated and experienced teachers. Experience ranging from 5 to 21 years.

●      Focus on concept building- The best thing about the Aspirations Institute is that they work on strengthening the concepts of the students and not on mugging, so that they do not depend on memory rather on the intellect.

●      Teaching techniques- they use effective teaching methodologies like teaching through examples and live demonstrations, they also take help of the Digital Teaching aids to make sessions interesting and interactive.

●      Study Material- along with good teaching they provide adequate study material to the students which include tests, worksheets, question Banks, and elaborate notes on some other topics.

●      Regular test- they pay attention to regular analysis of the students, so that any shortcomings can be rectified on time and weaker topics can be strengthened.

●      Time management- timings are kept in such a way that students don’t face difficulty in juggling between schools and coaching, and also get enough time for the revision.

●      Adequate student-teacher ratio- At Aspirations Institute, batches consist of not more than 15 students, so that quality is maintained and personalized attention is provided to each student.

 Thus if you are looking for a Science Tuition for 11th Classes in Dwarka for CBSE Board, which helps in overall development of your kid, with special focus on his/her intellect then Aspirations Institute is the best choice.

Book your free Demo class now.

Website - www.aspirationsinstitute.com

Contact Number - +91-9818737605, +91-9868326454

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Karnataka PUC Board Class 12 books - PUC Board Class 12 books from the Karnataka PUC Board are essential in a student's life because they are used as primary study tools to ensure that the syllabus is covered completely. In the Karnataka State Board of Education Books for Class 12 Kannada Medium, the entire syllabus is covered, and students are assisted in thoroughly understanding the concepts prior to the exams.

For More Details Visit Here:- https://www.amazon.in/stores/page/D36F1256-55B2-4DA2-A98E-2C395103A944

Our Books:- CLAT Mock Test Sample Papers, Best Books for Engineering, CBSE Handbooks Class 11 12, CLAT 2022 Exam Book, Competitive Exam Books, GATE 2010 to 2021 Solved Question Papers, GATE 2022 Exam Book, GATE Previous Year Solved Question Papers, Karnataka PUC Board Class 12 books, Karnataka SSLC Board Class 10 books, Medical Entrance Exam Books, PUC Previous Years Solved Papers, Question Bank 2021-23, SSLC Previous Years Solved Papers, SSLC Question Bank 2021-22

For CBSE :- CBSE Workbook Class 1, CBSE Workbook Class 2, CBSE Workbook Class 3, CBSE Workbook Class 4, CBSE Workbook Class 5

For Olympiad :- Olympiad Books Class 1, Olympiad Books Class 2, Olympiad Books Class 3, Olympiad Books Class 4, Olympiad Books Class 5

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Accounts Coaching Classes in Chandigarh

Accounts Coaching Classes in Chandigarh offers Accounts Coaching for Class 12th for CBSE, ICSE, AND PSEB board students. Accounts Academy in Chandigarh has designed 11th 12th Class Tuition in such a way that it will clear all the basic fundamental concepts of CBSE 11th 12th class syllabus for those students who wish to excel & score good rank in CBSE 11th 12th Examination. Accounts Coaching Classes in Chandigarh is one of the best tutoring institutes for Class 11th & 12th Commerce students. Our teachers cover here apart from teaching and also work as their instructors.

Our unique study method combines modern practice techniques and our accounts programs are easy to design in coaching classes. Our training for those accounts helps the student overcome all confusions about accountancy. The study involves accounting laws, fraud detection, managerial accounting, and auditing in the study. Motivated accountants generally take their accounting courses through a full degree program. Traverse the contents of general accounting classes by studying accountancy.

Our

Accounts Training

Accounts Classroom Training

Accounts Mock Test

Accounts daily Practice

Accounts Problem Solving Classes

Accounts Weekly Practice Test

Accounts Result

Some common concepts we hear here involve auditing procedures and standards, cost analysis, financial statements, and reporting, tax deductions and liabilities, international accounting, business or tax research methods, global economy, etc. Solve all your confusion with the Accounts Coaching Institute in Chandigarh. In our accountancy coaching classes in Chandigarh, you get the full solution for the accounts. Students learn the business side of accounting in this classical classroom, such as direct handwriting, bookkeeping, numerous equations, and liabilities. Involves original accounting principles and how they relate to making statements. This accounting course is a must for any accounting major in our tuition classes. We also provide all the subjects for commerce stream 11th & 12th students like Accounts, Business Studies, Economics, English, and Mathematics

Vision

To attain apex in sharing knowledge, training students in accountancy and related domains, and to provide professional guidance for their success.

Mission

To provide students with quality-oriented personalized attention by delivering educational solutions and to see they prosper their career.

Focus

The teaching methodology is designed in such a way to realize how learning accountancy is made so easy, with an ultimate goal to attain the untold secret of success in every walk of life.

Syllabus for Class 11th Accountancy

Accountancy syllabuses differ from schools affiliated to one board of education to schools affiliated to another board. While there may be some differences across syllabuses advised by several education boards, the core study areas remain the same. Here are the things that commerce students have to cover in Class 11th.

Theoretical Framework – Benefits, Importance, Objectives, and Limitations of Accounting, Basic Accounting Terms

Theory Base of Accounting – presumption, Principles, Accounting Standards, Double Entry System

Recording of Transactions

Debit and Credit Rules

Journal

Cash Book

Purchase or buy Book, Sales Book, Purchases Returns Book & Sales Returns Book

Bank Reconciliation Statement

Ledger

Objectives and Preparation of Trial Balance

Depreciation

Provisions and Reserves

Promissory Note and Bills of Exchange

Accounting Treatment of Bill Transactions

Rectification of Errors

Financial Statements

Balance Sheet

Trading and Profit and Loss Account

Sole Proprietorship Trading, Profit & Loss Account and Balance Sheet

Limitations and Uses of Incomplete Records

Statement of Affairs Method for regulating Profit & Loss

Financial Statements of Not-for-Profit Organizations

Syllabus for Class 12th Accountancy

Here partnership firms and companies will come into the picture. What are the main subjects?

Accounting for partnership firms: Partnership deeds, preparation of profit and loss accounts, admission of a partner, retirement, and death of a partner, and dissolution of a partnership firm.

Accounting for the organization: Accounting for share capital and accounting for debentures will be clear here.

Analysis of financial statements: The students are taught how to analyze financial statements using various tools such as ratio analysis.

Cash flow statement

Besides the students are also given classes in computerized accounting.

Books followed in the

Accounts Coaching Classes

in Chandigarh

T.S. GREWAL

D.K. GOEL

P.C. TULISAN

S.A. SIDDIQUE

Importance of

Accounts Coaching Classes

in 12th Class?

The majority of class 12 students would answer this question by saying that it is essential to get a good score in the subject. Which is perfectly true. But by focusing on a broader aspect, you will realize the following.

Preparing for accountancy for class 12 will:

Enhance your chances of getting admissions to a good institute that broaden your exposure and knowledge

Keep your foundation strong

Broaden your skills set and competency

Gain your confidence

Train you to be able to understand advanced accounting concepts with ease method

Offer you opportunities that can make you a versatile accountant in the future

Help you get a job in some of the best financial consultant companies due to the rising demand for accountants

Help you get one step closer to writing the common proficiency test (CPT)

Help you get one step closer to becoming a Chartered Accountant (CA)

Teaching Methodology:

One to one attention (individual attention) is a great favor in Accounts Coaching Classes in Chandigarh.

All illustrations and exercises in a textbook & practice manual will be explained.

Students are given instructed to do all exercise problems and submit. Corrections will be made then and there. If required related concepts will be explained once again, where the students find it difficult to solve the exercise problems.

Mock tests will be directed for each chapter and if needed for each concept.

Questions that appeared in previous year’s question papers will also be solved or explained.

Parents are informed then and there concerning wards performance

How should you prepare for

accounts in class 12th?

Accountancy has both theoretical topics and practice-based topics in every chapter. There are six exact steps to be followed while preparing for accounts in class 12th.

Step 1: Study the theory – definitions, conceptual explanations, applications and p 4: Work on questions at the end of every chapter – at the end of the third step, you must be comparatively thorough with a chapter and its concepts. Now is the best time to work on the problems, questions, and adjustments that are available at the end of every chapter of the textbook. This will not only make you comprehensively thorough but will also demonstrate various kinds of questions that can be asked in the exam.

Step 5: Analyze past year’s papers – past year’s papers on accountancy for class 12th is available on 2 main sources, the internet, and books by many authors. Sometimes, the last few pages of your accountancy textbook could also have several year’s papers. By checking these papers, you can get a clear-cut idea and outline of:

Question paper format

Emphasized topics

Allocation of marks

Frequently asked questions

Answer expectation

Step 6: Solve sample papers – numerous students think that analyzing the past year’s papers are sufficient in conducting a good score. But sample papers are equally essential when offered by the right source. These sample papers will give you information and updates on:

Any changes in the question paper format

Any predicted questions

Changes in answer expectations

Changes in answer pattern

After following these steps, you will know that you are not only prepared with the right answers but also prepared for any changes or surprises that may happen in the examination hall. You would have learned to manage time, maintain your confidence, work efficiently, and stay aware.

Benefits of

Accounts Coaching Classes

in Chandigarh for 11th 12th Classes

Commerce students who have ambitions and aspirations for prosperous careers in the world of accounting only have one year to familiarize themselves with the basic accounting concepts; Class 11. While there are advanced concepts to learn in Class 12, candidates must grasp the basics in Class 11 to make sure that they don’t face any problems in understanding advanced concepts in the future. With an accounts home tutor, candidates can gain greater insights into accounting concepts and learn them thoroughly.

Classroom teaching at school may not always be efficient as teachers have limited time to explain concepts. However, a home tutor can take as much time as needed to explain concepts thoroughly. Regular Practice: Your accounts teacher at school may be great, but they cannot ensure that you are practicing regularly. There are two-parts of accountancy; the theoretical side and the practical side. What you learn in your accounts theory section will be of less use if you cannot use it practically. Coaching classes helps in this regard as they can assign tasks and homework for students that they need to submit regularly.

School teachers also mostly rely on the advised school textbook for examples and problems. However, a home tutor has the freedom to use any resource they see fit and may also come up with problems that students have to solve. Correspondence with Parents: School teachers remain under a lot of pressure for the whole academic session and apart from the two or three parent-teacher meetings scheduled by the school, they don’t get many chances to speak to parents. However, a home tutor can keep parents up-to-date regarding the performances of their children. Parents can use this information to motivate their children to practice more and they can also be more aware of the difficulties their children are facing with regards to accountancy.

Careers in Accounting

Finding a job in the accounting field is one of the decisions. Accounting is a field that will always be in demand and it is a field that you can continue to develop and move up inside your organization. There are various positions you can find in the accounting field. Careers in the accounting field can differ from entry-level positions to executive level. Choose the accounting career you are most interested in learning what it requires, what education you may require, and the salary you can potentially earn.

Jobs in Accounting

Accountant

Accounting Assistant

Accounting Clerk

Accounting Manager

Accounts Payable Clerk

Accounts Receivable Clerk

Bookkeeping

Budget Analyst

Certified Internal Auditor

Chief Financial Officer – CFO

Comptroller/Controller

CPA

Forensic Accounting

Government Accounting

Payroll Clerk

Staff Accountant

Tax Accountant

Why us for

Accounts Coaching Classes

in Chandigarh?

Accounts Coaching Classes in Chandigarh apply ease techniques to train our students and make smooth command over the desired subject. We have a practical approach and follow the 360-degree feedback system, to maintain hygiene in our Service Delivery Eco system. We prefer to deliver Quality students/professionals instead of delivering a lump of students reaching nowhere! Accountancy coaching classes in Chandigarh have the best and experienced teachers, offering students total insight and ample knowledge of the subject.

Exclusive Study Material

Properly compiled study material is our specialty which contains

Complete course topic-wise,

The easy language that helps in remembering the concepts,

Flow charts,

Diagrams,

Tabular representation,

Solved and unsolved questions,

Fast Track Revision section,

Important points to remember,

Do’s and Don’ts for the exam.

All these spotless features make this study material exclusive.

Routine Feedback & Tests

Surprise tests and feedback are important to make sure the student has understood the concept thoroughly. We believe in a quality product, therefore students are given regular tests and feedback on their work.

Our modernistic system will take the test of our students online and make sure that the result of the feedback is given immediately.

Doubt solving sessions

Our teaching sessions and methods are different and simple giving students no doubts about any concepts.

If there is any query or doubt, our doubt solving session or one to one sessions with students will work wonders to solve the problem of the students. Examples of the concepts should be studied to lay strong foundations for the chapter before moving next to complex adjustments.

Step 2: Solve accounting problems – after having enhanced the base knowledge for the chapter, you can go ahead with working on simple-moderate accounting problems. These accounting problems will have terms or concepts that have been explained in the theoretical expansion of the chapter.

Step 3: Practice computerized accounting – repeatedly practicing accounting on a spreadsheet or DBMS or even on software like Tally can make a huge difference in keeping what you studied and can lead to a better understanding of treating some accounting adjustments.

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Rachna Sagar has released Best CBSE Question Bank Class 11 2024-25| Latest marking scheme

Together with’ books, the Best CBSE Question Bank for Class 11 Mathematics for Academic Session 2024-25. Prepared as per the latest syllabus Chapter-wise Important Terms, Topic-wise Questions, NCERT Exemplar Problems, Assess Yourself Questions and Practice Papers as per CBSE suggested Time Management Skills are the top attractions of the Best CBSE Question Bank Class 11 Maths exam.

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About Entrancei

Entrancei is Indians Largest K-12 Educational content provider. Specifically, for class 6 to 12 having self-academic recourses to enhance your learning and meet your academic challenges. The educational content is prepared by more than 200 teacher and experts who are experts in their respective subjects. All the academic recourses are available free of cost and students can assesses use these content as per their requirements. To search for your academic requirement just google Entrancei Your class your topic. You will get the best study material at Entrancei.

 Entrancei Funnel

 Entrancei Educational Recourses

 Before moving to elaborate the Educational Recourse of Entrancei let us understand the Academic journey and pedology required.

When a student’s start his preparation there are different types of study material required for a specific purpose. Like the journey start with the following Recourse flow

1.      In depth Theorical Explanations of Chapters

2.      Problems for practice chapter wise

3.      Important questions of the subjects

4.      Important formulas of the chapters

5.      Sample paper of the subjects

6.      Previous year papers

7.      Reference book solutions

8.      Final Revision Material

9.      Entrance exam questions

10.  MCQ questions for Practice

11.  Online Quiz

12.  Doubts clearance

In depth Theorical Explanations of Chapters

understanding the concept of the given chapters to give you precise and adequate understanding of the subject knowledge we have uploaded advance theory which covers each and every sub topics with the help of solved examples. We have uploaded all chapter’s theory that starts from class 6 to 12 and cover almost 625 chapters with all sub topics required to learn the and explained in detail. Start reding the chapter given in your class and try to prepare your Notes for Entrancei chapter notes. These chapter theory not only cover your school requirements but also help you to build a solid foundation for your entrance exam like NTSE, Olympiads , JEE and NEET.

 Problems for practice chapter wise

 When you read the chapter from Entrancei each chapter consist of 3 to 8 exercises having MCQ and subjective questions with answer. Exercise consist of questions based on chapter and the difficulty level of questions increase as you move on question by questions . These questions are self-sufficient for all most all school as well as competitive exam.

 Important questions of the subjects

 There is separate section at Entrancei in the name of Important questions of the subjects and it consist of chapter wise pdf of each and every chapter. Our experts carefully selected few questions based on previous year trend of the exam and uploaded chapter wise Important questions of the subject like Maths , science, Physics , chemistry , zoology , Botany for class 6 to 12. These questions are prepared with detail solution by the senior teacher form different school, so factors are considered to select the questions.

 Important formulas of the chapters

 Formulas are most important part of the chapter and highly helpful for the final revision of the chapter. Entrancei experts understand this and prepared a separate section which consist of chapter wise and class wise important formulas of Maths, science, physics and chemistry. You can download the chapter wise formula sheet and be assure that the sheet consists of all most all formulas which are mentioned in your text book chapters. our maths formula section is very popular and till now 30 million students visited this section.

 Sample paper of the subjects

Entrancei academic team understand the importance of sample papers. We have uploaded almost 70 entrance and board exam sample papers. Till now 800 sample papers with solution are uploaded for students for free assesses to all sample papers. You can download your class wise and subject wise sample papers like sample papers for class 10 Maths or science or for class 12. Entrance exam like JEE, NEET ,BITSAT ,AIIMS and many more just check out our sample papers section.

 Previous year papers

 Previous year papers section consists of past 10-year question papers of the exam. We have covered all board and competitive entrance exam. All Previous year papers uploaded by Entrancei are with detail solutions to give you additional advantage of questions solving aptitude. Previous year papers section consists of question paper of CBSE class 9,10,12 all subjects, JEE, NEET,AIPMT,AIIMS,BITSAT,SCRA and other competitive entrance exam. Check out Previous year papers for more details.

 Reference book solutions

While preparing for you school exam or competitive entrance exam the most important think which is required is solving numerical given in the text book. Almost every student need help while solving questions form text book or reference book. Hear you need a detail solution of the questions on which you are facing problems. To help you our academic team of Entrancei uploaded detail in depth solutions of each and every question freely available on Entrancei. You can download NCERT solutions of all subject form class 6 to 12. Apart from detail NCERT solutions we have uploaded lots of reference book solutions for your reference.

 Final Revision Material

 Revision play a very important role in your preparation. To give you faster revision we have prepared a separate section in the name of final revision material which consist of brief introduction of the chapters and all-important points need to revise in the final time. Start your final revision from Entrancei revision section to excel in the board , school and competitive entrance exams.  

 Entrance exam questions

 While preparing for any competitive entrance exam students need to understand the pattern of exam. To help you out we have uploaded question bank for Entrance exam. All most all Entrance exam are covered, and questions are carefully selected to match with the pattern and difficulty level of the entrance exam. You can check out our JEE and NEET section for the questions. Like we have added chapter wise integer-based questions in separate section to give you additional edge.

 Online Quiz

 Entrancei consist of unique Online Quiz for class 6 to 12 students. At Entrancei you will find Online Quiz class wise than subject wise than chapter wise. We have uploaded almost 5 lack questions in this section. Prepare your chapter from your text book than read the theory from Entrancei section and solve questions given in the exercise. Just after that go for Online Quiz for that chapter.  

 How Entrancei Helps you in your Learning

 As explained above we have added lots of academic recourse for your reference and practice the key role is how you will use these recourses. One must follow the following level of sequence to excel in the exam.

 Entrancei Winning Mantra

Source Url: https://bit.ly/388ojEv

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Fully Access to Free Samples Papers for All Competitive Exams

Sample papers have become increasingly popular with the progress of digital learning. The unique thing about Samples papers is that it allows you to gather information before buying or subscribing to a service. When it comes to competitive exams, the importance of sample papers has increased simultaneously. Understanding this need of the students, Disha Publication has prepared a list of free samples papers for JEE, NEET, UPSC, IAS, SSC, Banking, Railways, Olympiads, CBSE, NTSE, etc.

 What makes our Sample Paper so different? Check out what number of candidates has to say:

 100% Free and Authentic

 Comprehensive Syllabus Coverage

 Easy access and Use

 Great in its quality

 Do you have any doubts about the feedback? Try it for yourself and see how much difference it makes to your learning.

 Try our free Sample Papers JEE Mains

 With the pursuit of giving candidates a sound understanding of JEE Mains Syllabus, we have designed various categories of JEE Main Books. To gain free access to those books, we provide free samples that you can download and check before buying our Best Sellers. This will increase the efficiency of preparation, and eventually, let you fetch a better score to get admission in reputed universities or colleges.  Some striking features of JEE Mains Sample Papers:

 Consists of all three subjects-Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics

 Arranged topic-wise, helps to navigate the book easily

 Detailed Solved papers of the previous year

 Follows the Chapter sequence of the NCERT books of class 11 and 12

 Link to free access to Solved Papers/Mock Tests

 Make this JEE Mains 2020 exam preparation products with our free samples. Get access to various topics for Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics. The topics are divided into various chapters for better conceptual understanding. Practice the MCQs, and learn from the additional solutions provided.

 Prepare with Best UPSC IAS Question Papers

 First of all, a candidate needs to learn the UPSC syllabus thoroughly before settling down for preparation. Following this guide to learn in the right way:

 The fact is, UPSC Syllabus, is very vast, and it cannot be completed in a month's period. One needs to sit for hours for a year or two, to cover the syllabus. There is no way you can waste your time reading irrelevant materials. Rather, candidates should focus on standard, correct, and authenticated information. Re-learn all the information you might have gathered. Make a fresh beginning with the UPSC Syllabus

 Take notes, while referring to relevant resources

 Follow one step of books, and avoid jumping from one book to another. Disha Publication has a store full of revised UPSC books to help you prepare.

 Have a detailed overview of the syllabus. At Disha Publication, UPSC books are complied with by experts, research scholars, and academics. The entire books are planned to take you from basic to advanced level of understanding. To find out how helpful these books are for your preparation, explore our free samples questions on UPSC/IAS syllabus.

 Optimize your Score with NEET Mains Free Mock Test Series

 Mock Test Series is a crucial part of the preparation for the NEET Exam 2020.  Taking an adequate number of mock tests boosts the scoring ability, and is paramount for the NEET exam. It has this guaranteed result:

 NEET Mock Test Series gets you used to the difficulty level of the exam

 Clarifies the pattern of the exam

 Let’s you identify the particular topic you need to give additional focus

 Improves the over-all exam-taking skills, time management and selection of questions

 Enables you to develop a smart exam-taking strategy, which improves your accuracy

 Attempt test on our learning platform and prepare yourself to increase you ranking in the exam. Visit https://www.mylearninggraph.com/

Source:https://www.prlog.org/12810195-fully-access-to-free-samples-papers-for-all-competitive-exams.html

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Class 11 Commerce Online Preparation

Commerce is an important academic stream that imparts a detailed knowledge related to economy, finance, accounting and others.

Specifically , the subjects included in this stream are Economics , Business Studies , Accountancy and English along with a choice of Maths or Informatics Practices.

A perfectly devised syllabus plays a vital role in imparting required knowledge to students so that they can go for further studies and ensure a bright future.

CBSE commerce class 11 syllabus is a competent resource for students as it is structured with all relevant topics, which provide essential knowledge to students.

Even though various institutions follow there own structure of studies and exams , but they are more or less similar to that given by CBSE.

So , to guide students on illuminated paths. And help them gain real knowledge of concepts here is the Class 11 Commerce Online Preparation by Esuccessmantra.

Class 11 Commerce Video lectures

Class 11 Commerce Online Video Lectures In Saharanpur , Dehradun , Yamunanagar.

Our video notes and in-video assessments are ideal for quick revision of topics.

Our well-written study materials will support you to score more marks in the board exams.

Commerce as a stream is a gateway that leads the students towards various professional courses after completing class 12.

Chartered Accountancy (CA), Company Secretary (CS), Cost and Management Accountant (CMA), Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA), Banking Sector, Teaching Profession, etc., are few famous carrier options for commerce professionals.

Commerce as a course of education can be interpreted as a study of business and trade pursuits such as the exchange of goods and services from the producer to the final customer.

The important subjects that are educated in the Commerce subject in class 11th, comprise Accountancy, Economics, Business Studies, Statistics, Mathematics and Informatics Practices.

There are various combinations of subjects that the students can choose in their class 11

Class 11 Commerce Pendrive Classes

The Class 11 Commerce pendrive Classes In Saharanpur , Dehradun , Yamunanagar.

Class XII CBSE Commerce USB Pendrive Course Ver 2.0 (Accounts Business studies Economics) with English (core).

All Lessons are Interactive Multimedia Video lessons with multiple Questions on the Basis of CBSE Evaluation Blue Print.

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NCERT Class 11 English Reading Discursive Passages

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 English Reading :: Discursive Passages

Unseen Passages for Class 11 CBSE With Answers PDF – Discursive Passages:

Read the following passages carefully:

Passage 1:  The art of reading right

Reading Comprehension (RC, as it is normally called) is the most peculiar section in almost all scholastic, entrance and employment tests. The skills in RC make a lot of difference to one’s chances of good grades/selection.

Most students find it difficult to tackle topics that are diverse from the field they are in or they are comfortable with. So one needs to develop a taste for even the most obscure and boring topic on this planet. For success in RC one should be able to understand. And even with an average speed one can succeed if one implements the strategies.

Broadly speaking, RC passages can be classified in a few categories. Fact based RC is the simplest form of RC. These types of passages have lot of information in the form of names, numbers etc. In this type of passages one should read very fast.

Don’t try to memorize any facts, numbers or names etc. In fact there is no need to even remember them. Just make yourself familiar with the structure of the passage. Just see in which paragraph author is talking about what. Mark it. Then when you go to the questions, identify in which paragraph information regarding that question is mentioned. Go to that paragraph, read the numbers, names etc. and mark the answer.

Inference based RC is the toughest form of RC. Here the passage is fairly tough to understand. This includes passages on topics like Religion, Spirituality, Philosophy, etc. Most of the students will be comfortable attempting these passages at least in RC. The reading speed is fairly slow in this type of passages. The way to master this type of passages is to read them again and again while practising.

Topic based RC includes passages on any particular topic like economics, astrology, medical science, etc. Generally what makes -these passages tough is usage of technical terms. If a topic is new to us then presence of technical term scares us even if they are defined in the passage. For success in this type of passages we need to have a fan-understanding of the definition of the term if it is defined in the passage. Read that definition twice if you need to. But don’t worry about technical terms if they are not defined in the passage. Assume them to be non-existent and proceed. Key principle in these passages is that don’t go to the next line unless the previous line is clear.

Reading passage first and then questions is the most popular strategy for RC. While answering the question you may come back to the passage to find answer as you have just read the passage initially and not crammed it. But you should not come back for each and every question. If you come back for majority of questions then you haven’t read the passage properly. The key to success for this strategy is that you should understand the passage very well. We will suggest students to follow this technique from the beginning and work upon this.

Reading questions first and then passage is the strategy followed by a few students. They just look at the questions and not options. The objective is that after seeing the questions when you read the passage then you read only that part carefully where the answer is given. The flaw with this is that you will not be able to remember all the questions. Besides this, this strategy fails when there are questions that require understanding of the passage.

A. Answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option:    6

Most students find Reading Comprehension difficult because……………………….(a) the language is tough(b) the vocabulary is difficult(c) the style is too involved(d) the topics are unrelated to their interest

Fact based RC is the easiest because……………………….(a) it is written in simple language(b) there are no allusions(c) it contains information(d) it can be memorised easily

For answering a question on RC, one should……………………….(a) memorise the facts, figures, etc.(b) mark what the author is talking about in the para(c) mark the essential details of the passage(d) remember the names, numbers, etc.

Topic based RC is tough as……………………….(a) it contains technical terms(b) it is based on different topics(c) it demands instant understanding(d) one can’t read them fast enough

Careful reading of the passage is essential for……………………….(a) answering difficult questions(b) saving time and effort(c) proper understanding and answering correctly(d) selective identification of relevant parts

The word ‘diverse’ in para 2 means……………………….(a) similar(b) same(c) variety(d) different

B. Answer the following questions in brief:    67. What should one do for finding the right answers?8. Why is topic based R C tough?9. Which step is considered more essential for finding right answers? Why?10. What is the most popular strategy for solving Reading Comprehension(RC)?11. Find the words similar in the meaning from passage.(a) Different (para 2)(b) Accept as true (para 6)

Answers

(d) the topics are unrelated to their interest

(c) it contains information

(b) mark what the author is talking about in the para

(a) it contains technical terms

(c) proper understanding and answering correctly

(d) different

One should mark what the author is talking about in para.

Topic based R C is tough as it contains technical terms.

Careful reading of the passage is essential for proper understanding and answering correctly.

Reading passage first and then question is the most popular strategy for solving R C.

(a) Diverse(b) Assume

Students can also read the unseen passage in Hindi

Passage 2:Playing the mind game

The Mastermind quiz is billed as a “battle of minds’. This battle is fought in two halves. In the first, each of four participants faces a barrage of questions, for two minutes, on any topic of his or her choice. In the second round, the questions are on general knowledge. There are two points for each correct answer and zero for wrong answers and passes. In the event of a tie, the person who has passed fewer questions wins.

Questions can be bizarre, but they are answered none the less. “It absolutely amazes you that these guys know so much. In KBC, it used to be, that this guy knows so little,” says Basu after the show. Siddhartha Basu was the director of Kaun Banega Crorepati (KBC).

This year’s Mastermind final was won by Ramanand Janardhana, a 22 year-old software engineer from Pune. Janardhana had Agatha Christie’s ‘Tommy and Tupence’ novels as his specialist topic. He even knew that Tommy used asofoetida to create a stink in his room.

There are, of course, all sorts of quizzers. The diary-toting, Manorama yearbook, wielding variety will typically prepare for a contest by ‘studying’. He knows that the best questions, the ones that get the ‘wah-wahs’, are always repeated. He is a solid quizzer, because he knows the obvious.

There is the other kind, like Janardhana, who claim they do nothing extra to prepare for quizzes. They read the papers and magazines, watch TV, and become quizzers because they enjoy the test of recall.

It was a test the nation took when KBC fever was at its height. But long before KBC, there were quiz societies across the country, in places from Guwahati to Gandhinagar. Kolkata was the hub of the game; quizzing in India began here in 1967. Even now, the majority of quizzers are from Kolkata. Of the four 2002 Mastermind finalists, two were from that city.

Quizzing is big in school and college festivals. It’s the ‘literary’ highlight of all fests. There are even professional quizzers, who, like mercenaries, play for money and the thrill of the game. They represent various organisations at different times.

Most quizzers grow out of active quizzing after college. Some, the really hardcore devotees of the game, keep at it. “I don’t get tired of quizzing,” says Pinaki Prasad Roy, a Mastermind finalist. “I get excited.” Roy is a 46-year old finance professional from Kolkata, and has been a quizzer for three decades.

Curiosity is the most essential quality for a quizzer. A fantastic memory and instant recall help. And for Mastermind at least, the choice of specialist subject is critical. In this year’s event, Janardhana took an unassailable lead in the specialist round itself.

A. Answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option:    6

The Mastermind quiz is called a ‘battle of minds’ because……………………….(a) it is a duel of wits(b) the participants are the most intelligent persons(c) the participants face a shower of questions(d) the mind is on the anvil

The participants in the quiz seem ‘masterminds’ because……………………….(a) they seem to know so little(b) they have very polished manner(c) they show lot of self confidence(d) they seem to know so much

Ramanand Janardhana won as……………………….(a) he had mastery over the specialist topic(b) he had gone through the quiz columns in magazines(c) he had chinks in his memory/recall(d) he knew all the often repeated questions asked by quizmasters

The studious quizzers are called ‘solid’ quizzers because……………………….(a) they prepare expected questions(b) they know the obvious(c) they bank on general awareness(d) they enjoy the test of recall

The quality most essential for a quizzer is……………………….(a) love of learning(b) mathematical accuracy(c) curiosity to know(d) comprehensive learning

The word ‘mercenaries’ in para 7 means.………………………(a) those who seek mercy(b) those who work on machines(c) those who are lively and quick(d) those who fight for money

B. Answer the following questions in brief:    67. Why did Ramanand Janardhana win mastermind final?8. Who are called solid quizzers? Why?9. Which is the most essential quality of a quizzer?10. How is Kolkata associated with quizzing game?11. Find the words from the passage which are similar in meaning to these words.(a) Those who fight for money (para 7)(b) Enthusiasts (para 8)

Answers

(c) the participants face a shower of questions

(d) they seem to know so much    .

(a) he had mastery over the specialist topic

(b) they know the obvious

(c) curiosity to know

(d) those who fight for money

He had mastery over the specialist topic which blessed him with victory.

The studious quizzers are called solid quizzers they know the obvious.

The quizzer should have curiosity to know.

Quizzing in India began in Kolkata in 1967. Even now the majority of the quizzers are from Kolkata.(a) Mercenaries(b) Devotees

Passage 3:Living with foods

Floods are not new to India and this sub-continent, but in recent years the problem has received much greater attention perhaps largely because it has led to much greater damage than in the past. Even though information on the impending occurrence of floods is now more accurate and certainly more timely, often there is very little time or support infrastructure in place by which damage can be minimized. This is particularly true in the case of flash floods resulting from sudden and excessively heavy rain.

In the case of India flooding is very much a function of the seasonal nature of our rainfall. The monsoons are spread over a short period during the year and often bring a concentrated volume of rain, which cannot be absorbed by the earth and finds outlet only in the form of streams that join up with our major river systems. But, flooding is not confined only to the main rivers of the country, often smaller tributaries and streams can cause heavy damage as well. Once these streams spill over their banks they could cause excessive harm, mainly because those living near the banks of these streams particularly in mountain areas do not have easy recourse to moving away quickly.

One major factor that could lead to a higher severity of flooding in the future is the danger of climate change. While the evidence of the nature of impacts resulting from climate change on precipitation and flooding at the regional level is not entirely clear, it could happen that the Indian subcontinent witnesses and suffers the effects of a significantly changed pattern of monsoons. One set of scientists has estimated that the monsoons could be shorter in duration, but far more intensive. In other words, much greater precipitation would take place in a much shorter period of time, thereby increasing the danger of floods. Climate change is the result of human actions through the increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, of which carbon dioxide is the most prominent.

At the local level also human actions have heightened the danger of flood through the cutting of trees in the mountains as well as in the plains. In the case of India, the ecological damage through deforestation of the Himalayas has led to large-scale erosion of the mountain slopes and high levels of siltation. This leads to deposition of silt on the riverbeds in the plains and hence spill over of water whenever the volume in the river reaches a certain level. With siltation on the river beds, flooding occurs even at very shallow water levels. The vulnerability of the population has increased substantially because of population pressures, symbolized, for instance, by the stubborn and perhaps helpless settling of slum dwellers on the banks of the river Yamuna in Delhi, which is merely a trickle most of the year, but bursting its banks during the monsoons as has been the case this year.

Flood forecasting is critical to minimizing the damage from floods. It is for this reason that the Central Water Commission has set up a network of forecasting stations, which cover the most important flood prone inter state rivers in the country. These stations produce forecasts that are used to alert the public and to mobilize various official agencies so that they take both preventive as well as relief measures whenever required. However, even in cases where forecasts have been timely and generally accurate, people have often been reluctant to move away, because in most cases they lack the means and physical options for moving away from a danger zone to one that is relatively safe. In the case of flash floods, forecasts are difficult to make, and often the time available for relief is very short.

A. Answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option:    6

The problem of floods has been considered important recently because…………………..(a) there are flash floods(b) floods are unpredictable(c) the rivers change their courses(d) these cause much greater damage

The danger of floods is not minimised as…………………..(a) flood forecasting is inaccurate(b) there is little time available for safety measures(c) people are scared and act in panic(d) support infrastructure is poor

India suffers from floods during monsoons because…………………..(a) it rains very heavily and continually(b) the embankments of the rivers are weak(c) the streams and rivers spill over(d) the streams are full of silt

Climate change is the direct result of…………………..(a) increased concentration of green house gases(b) explosion of nuclear devices(c) fire in oil wells in the gulf region(d) significantly changed pattern of monsoons

The worst hit people are slum dwellers because…………………..(a) they are stubborn and helpless(b) they do not have means to move away quickly(c) they have concentrated in large numbers(d) they have settled on the banks of the rivers

The word ‘precipitation’ in para 3 means…………………..(a) forming a precipitate(b) separation of solid material from liquid(c) falling of rain in an area(d) the quality of being exact or accurate

B. Answer the following questions in brief:    67. Why does India suffer from floods during monsoons?8. What is the result of greenhouse gases?9. Who are the worst hit people?10. Which human action have heightened the danger of flood?11. Write the words from passage which are similar in meaning.(a) Fall of rain in an area (para 3)(b) Harshness (para 3)

Answers

(d) these cause much greater damage

(b) there is little time available for safety measures

(c) the streams and rivers spill over

(a) increased concentration of green house gases

(d) they have settled on the banks of the rivers

(c) falling of rain in an area

During monsoon the streams and rivers spill over and it results in flood.

Climate change is the direct result of increased concentration of greenhouse gases.

Slum dwellers are the worst hit people as they have settled on the banks of the rivers.

Cutting of trees in the mountains as well as in the plains have heightened the danger of flood.

(a) Precipitation(b) Severity

Passage 4:Great Indian digital divide

The revolution in information technology (IT), far from helping India to leapfrog to a post-industrial society, threatens to rupture the social fabric by enriching a few at the cost of many.

In a very short time and quite unexpectedly, India has risen to considerable eminence in the world of information technology. This year, software products are expected to account for $ 5.7 billion in exports and will account for a quarter of the growth in the economy, which is expected to grow nearly seven per cent. Within eight years, predicts a recent study by McKinsey & Co. and the National Association of Software & Service Companies (Nasscom), India’s annual IT exports could hit $ 50 billion about 33 per cent of global software exports. Such a surge is expected to generate 2.2 million jobs—and push our growth rate near the double digits that many East Asian Tigers enjoyed before the 1997 crash.

For the rapidly growing middle class, which was desperate to make its presence felt but remained mired in the great Indian outback of the global economy and regretfully watched the industrial revolution pass it by, this is the moment they have been waiting for. When countries like Japan and Germany, the objects of Indian admiration, should come knocking on our doors to solicit our talent to invigorate their industry, it is indeed redemption of sorts. And IT is the cause of it all.

The big question is, will IT do an encore for India as a nation, and not just for a wafer thin percentage of IT-literate Indians, mostly the poster boys of the IITs?

IT has, as yet, failed to touch the lives of the average citizen and India is nowhere close to being a knowledge economy or society. As per the International Data Corporation (IDC), in a survey of 55 countries, India ranks 54th on its Information Society Index.

The fact is, it is a straightforward reflection of the deep inequality of our education system which breeds a few ‘geniuses’ at the cost of the entire nation. A study by former director of the National Centre for Software Technology, R. Narasimhan, points out that nowhere is the digital divide more glaring than in IT education. The report warns that India’s ‘obsession’ with the software industry and its exports orientation is leading to the churning out of unemployable students on one hand and bright whiz-kids on the other. While the latter are lured away by overseas employers, the former remain unemployable.Narasimhan cautions against the ‘hype’ associated with the phenomenal growth of India’s software industry defying rational explanations and built up into a ‘mystique of sort’ which breeds false hopes. .

India’s software industry is a poor employment generator. In the mid-Nineties, some 20,000 people were actively employed in software export services. In contrast, there were three million registered unemployed graduates in the Nineties. While the ‘Narasimhan study doesn’t mention number of hobs lost due to computerisation, one could comfortably add a million to the number.

A. Answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option: 6

The revolution in IT threatens to break apart the social fabric because…………………………(a) the stocks of software companies have risen at BSE(b) it has helped India to rise beyond the industrial society(c) it is enriching a few at the cost of many(d) it has created a gulf between the rural and urban sector

Growth in export of Indian software products and national economy have been achieved because of…………………………(a) global recession(b) liberalised economy(c) public private cooperation(d) eminence of Information Technology

It is a time of pride for the middle classes in India because…………………………(a) developed industrial nations will require Indian software professionals to invigorate their industry(b) they are desperate to make their presence felt(c) they have remained stuck in the mud of global economy(d) they have regretfully watched the industrial revolution pass by them

The digital divide is clearly visible in IT revolution because…………………………(a) it has improved a lot of average Indian citizen(b) it has benefitted only the products of IITs or some IT-literates(c) it has made India a knowledge economy or society(d) non-IT trained students run the IT institutes

Narasimhan’s report cautions against ‘hype’ around IT software industry because…………………………(a) it is rational(b) it breeds false hopes(c) all look for foreign assignments(d) it attracts even the dullards

The word ‘redemption’ in para 3 means…………………………(a) recoupment(b) recumbent(c) recovery(d) redeeming

B. Answer the following questions in brief: 67. Why is the digital divide clearly visible in IT revolution?8. Why is IT not beneficial for average Indians?9. What does Narasimhan’s report highlight on IT software industry?10. How is it lucrative for the middle classes in India?11. Find the words from the passage which are similar in meaning.(a) Recovery (para 3)(b) Very easily seen (para 6)

Answers

(c) it is enriching a few at the cost of many

(d) eminence of Information Technology

(a) developed industrial nations will require Indian software professionals to invigorate their industry

(b) it has benefitted only the products of IITs or some IT-literates

(b) it breeds false hopes

(c) recovery

It has benefitted only the products of IITs or some IT-literates.

It has yet failed to touch the lives of the average citizen and India is nowhere close to bring knowledge economy or society.

Narasimhan’s report highlights it’s failure in India as it breeds false hope to invigorate their industry.

Indian software professionals are on high demand in developed Industrial nations.

(a) Redemption(b) Glaring

Passage 5 :Deleterious effects of drugs

“Cured yesterday of my disease, I died last night of my physician,” says Matthew Prior, a celebrated pharmacologist, while talking about the deleterious effects of drugs in his book, “The Remedy Worse Than the Disease”. There is no dearth of patients dying of misguided treatment.

disorder bound to disappear in a short duration.

In this era of drugs we must familiarise ourselves with the term “Iatrogenic disease (physician caused ailment)”. When a physician administers medicines without a complete understanding of the patient’s condition, drugs play havoc. A person may become the victim of a worse disease or even lose his life.

With Analgin, for instance, special precautions should be taken in case of pregnancy, bronchial asthma, renal and hepatitic dysfunctions and blood-related disorders. It has been banned in several countries, including the USA and Sweden, because of its unexpected and negative effects that lead one even to death through an anaphylactic shock. An anaphylactic shock is a process that leads to a severe fall in the blood pressure, bronchoconstriction, the swelling of blood and lymph vessels and sometimes death because of the loss of fluid in these vessels. Anaphylaxis usually occurs suddenly, in minutes after the administration of a drug. The well-known drug, penicillin, and many other drugs, may cause anaphylaxis.

The term “side-effects” is a part of an ailing layman’s vocabulary but adverse drug reactions are known only to a more aware and literate patient.

Ciprofloxacin, when given for an ear-infection, may cause vertigo and amoxycillin, while fighting a throat infection, may hurt the stomach. Similarly, while chemotherapy given for cancer may lead to indigestion and hair fall, steroids administered continuously may lead to obesity and diabetes.

Drugs are meant to eliminate disease. In the quest for avoiding the misery of sickness, man has invented medicines that may themselves cause diseases. The illness caused by a drug may be short-term or long-term. Side effects are short-term and predictable. The unpredictable and bizarre reactions are termed as adverse reactions. A variety of drugs cure many ills but are also known to cause irregular heart beat and even sudden death.

A strong sense of responsibility on the physician’s part and an attitude of extreme caution on the patient’s part can substantially help in covering at least some of the risks of medicines, if not all. There are many factors that help a doctor in his choice and use of the drug. The medical history of a patient, age, sex, personality, environment and education contribute in deciding the course of treatment. The very old and the very young are likely to suffer as their bodies are less tolerant. Older children may sometimes be more tolerant than the adults. The elderly tend to respond better to standard drug dosage. But the lower body size, slow blood flow to vital organs, decreasing metabolic capacity and tendency to multiple physical problems contribute to adverse reactions.

A. Answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option: 6

An “Iatrogenic disease” is an ailment caused by……………………………(a) infection in the hospital ward(b) overdose of anaesthetic(c) the wrong administration of drugs by a physician(d) self-medication and buying drugs over the counter

Analgin and penicillin must be used carefully because……………………………(a) these may cause suffocation(b) they may create bruises(c) some patients complain of leg cramps(d) these may cause anaphylaxis

An adverse drug reaction is an illness caused by……………………………(a) secondary effects of a drug(b) a drug having unpredictable and strange effects on a patient(c) a drug having predictable and unpleasant disorders(d) the use of drugs taken after their date of expiry

Man has invented drugs to eliminate……………………………(a) diseases(b) side effects(c) death(d) casualties

Elderly people are prone to adverse drug reactions because they have……………………………(a) larger body size(b) multiple emotional problems(c) slow blood flow to vital organs(d) stagnant metabolic capacity

The word ‘dysfunction’ in para 4 means……………………………(a) disorder of brain(b) indigestion(c) bad temper(d) not working properly

B. Answer the following questions in brief: 67. What is an adverse drug reaction?8. Why are elderly people prone to adverse drug reaction?9. What are the factors that help a doctor in his choice and use of drugs?10. Why has man invented medicines?11. Find words from the passage which are similar in meaning.(a) Not working properly (para 4)(b) Considerably (para 8)

Answers

(c) the wrong administration of drugs by a physician

(d) these may cause anaphylaxis

(b) a drug having unpredictable and strange effects on a patient

(a) diseases

(c) slow blood flow to vital organs

(d) not working properly

An unpredictable and strange effect on a patient is called an adverse drug reaction.

Elderly people’s blood flow to vital organs is slow so they are prone to adverse drug reaction.

The factors like medical history of the patient, age, sex, personality, environment and education help a doctor in his choice and use of drugs.

Man has invented medicine to eliminate the misery of sickness.

(a) Dysfunction(b) Substantially

Passage 6:Saving for a rainy day

The Food Bill is still in the works but has provoked a furious debate on the lack of grain storage facilities, rotting of grains and whether they should be distributed free to the hungry masses. Waking up to the fact that no food security programme can be effective without proper storage, the government is now planning to upgrade existing warehousing facilities and also adding new ones. However, between food security and large-scale storage, there’s a missing link that needs to be taken note of: storage at the farm level. No one can deny the importance of decentralised storage; at least 25-30 per cent grains in the country are stored at the farm level.

However, it’s not as if there hasn’t been enough thrust on this issue: there are State institutes to look into the storage problems.

Yet, policy-wise we did have a sound start: the Save Grain Campaign, which was initiated 43 years ago, was supposed to do what we are floundering on now. Through this campaign, the Centre was to initiate and train states in warehousing and storage of grains. The Centre wanted the states to take it up on a large scale but the latter did not want any “added responsibility”. Finding no takers, the campaign was withdrawn in 2008.

“Around 15-20 per cent foodgrain losses occur in large storage godowns. Along with investment in large storage capacities, we must encourage farm-level storage. This can be in the form of refining and improving the local/indigenous storage technologies and providing technical and financial support at that level,” says M.B. Chetti, Dean, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka.

He and many experts like him suggest that if we want to leapfrog in storage capacity at the farm-level (since setting up large storages is time-consuming and expensive), new technologiese vacuum packaging could be the answer. They assure quality as well as a chance to store grains almost anywhere and that it can be done in villages by trained persons.

“Alternatively, we have to go for cold storage facilities for food grains, which is very costly since it involves electricity supply,” says Chetti. Instead, vacuum packing, say experts, helps preserve grains and seeds for long periods without any deterioration in quality. In fact, an experiment was carried out in the university on the usefulness of the packaging system (using chilli) and the results were satisfactory. The available technology offers a seven- layer packing to preserve quality for long periods of time and once sealed, climatic changes have no effect on it. Elimination of oxygen from the pack helps in extending shelf life.

“At present only three-layer plastic films are manufactured in India. The seven-layered film needs to be imported. But the import duty is high,” says Mohan Bajikar, of course, such technologies are expensive, but then delivering to the hungry isn’t enough—quality must be ensured.

Fool policy analyst Devinder Sharma, however, says expensive solutions like silos and warehousing are not the answer to procurement and storage problems. Instead, he says, “local production, local procurement and local distribution” is the answer, something like what Chhattisgarh has been doing. It procures paddy directly from farmers, buying it through cooperative societies and procurement centres at the village level. To store, he adds, the government can add a small godown next to each panchayat ghar.

Whichever way we look at it, decentralised storage cannot be left out of the loop if we want to ensure food security and reduce stock losses.

A. Answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option: 6

The necessity of proper storage has been realised because……………………(a) there is lack of grain storage facilities(b) grain is lying in the open and rotting(c) no food security is possible without it(d) masses are hungry and without grain

Decentralised storage stress upon……………………(a) storage at farm level(b) storage at block level(c) storage at district level(d) storage at state level

The ‘Save Grain Campaign’ was withdrawn after 43 years because……………………(a) the centre did not spare funds(b) proper training in warehousing was lacking(c) the states did not show any interest(d) the states did not want any added responsibility

The most cost-effective solution for storage of grain is……………………(a) cold storage facilities(b) decentralised storage(c) setting up large warehouses(d) vacuum packaging

Experts reject silos and warehousing because……………………(a) these are very costly solutions(b) local storage and distribution is more effective(c) these are inadequate for storage(d) these fail to reduce stock losses

The word ‘facilities’ in para 6 means……………………(a) aptitude(b) dexterity(c) conveniences(d) buildings for a particular purpose

B. Answer the following questions in brief: 67. Why was save green campaign withdrawn after 43 years?8. Which is the most cost effective solution for storage of grain?9. How are new technologies like vacuum packaging more successful in storing?10. Why do experts reject soil and warehousing?11. Find the words from the passage which are similar in meaning?(a) Improve (para 1)(b) Native (para 4)

Answers

(c) no food security is possible without it

(a) storage at farm level

(d) the states did not want any added responsibility

(b) decentralised storage

(a) these are very costly solutions

(d) buildings for a particular purpose

Save green campaign was withdrawn because the states did not want any added responsibility.

Decentralised storage is the most effective solution for storage of grain.

They assure quality as well as a chance to store grains almost anywhere.

Experts reject soil and warehousing because these are very costly solutions.

(a) Upgrade(b) Indigenous

Passage 7:The relevance of repetition

The painstaking memorisation of mathematical tables, historical dates, capitals of countries and even poems leaves an indelible mark on every adult who has attented school. However, all educators deprecate this rote system learning by orally reciting and consigning lessons to memory as mindless and mechanical, which goes against critical thinking and creativity. But is this dichotomy between creativity and rote learning part of a lazy binary thinking?

We often hear about people who can repeat the entire telephone directory or memorise the entire dictionary. Indians have a history of highly developed systems of memorisation, perfected through centuries of Vedic learning. From a typically Western perspective, the permanency of the written word has been pitted against the ‘unconscious operation of memory’ of oral cultures, and held to be more reliable in cultural transmission. However, refuting this thesis, Fritz Stall, an Indie scholar observes that the oral tradition in India is remarkable, “because it has led to scientific discoveries that are of enduring interest”. Of course, this mugging up can be aural (i.e. chanting aloud) or visual—mentally storing images in a visual map.

The advantages of rote memorisation—like it expands areas of the mind to great possibilities—are now becoming evident to the world. Various accounts from ancient India, including those from travellers like I-tsing, point to the fool-proof system of oral memorisation and the capacity to absorb volumes of data.

A parallel dimension of transmission of knowledge also existed in India, with a flexible mode of oral communication through which knowledge was disseminated. One instance is the narrative-performative tradition of recitation, which extended basic story through interpolations, conscious extensions and embedding of sub-narratives. Many Indian myths, legends, epics, and fables such as Kathasaritsagara and Jataka stories were spread though this process. While the story remains the same, the interpretation changes according to who says it, where it is said and how it is said. While communicating mathematics, philosophy and other scientific disciplines, cryptic text forms were created, that facilitated memorisation.

A related question pertains to cognition—how can we transmit principles using memorisation as a creative tool rather than as a mechanical process of repetition? Bhaskara’s Lilavati, the seminal 12th century illustrates how memorisation and creativity go together.

The fact that Bhaskara’s methods still figure in Indian pedagogic consciousness was recently brought home in a news report on the Ramanujan School of Mathematics in Patna, which trains youngsters from poor families to clear the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) entrance test. This year, all the 30 students of the school got through IITs. Anand Kumar, the school’s founder, called it the “sheer power of practice to break the so-called IIT code” and a student attributed the success to his teacher’s ability to teach differential calculus through a “thrilling story of a daring robber”.

A. Answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option: 6

All educators condemn rote learning as…………………..(a) it is a feat of memory(b) it is a parrot like learning(c) it is mindless and mechanical(d) it is against critical thinking and creativity

The dichotomy between creativity and rote learning is…………………..(a) increased by computer literates(b) initiated by western thinkers(c) the clash of the cultures of west and east(d) opposed by Indian scholars

The oral tradition in India is called remarkable because…………………..(a) it has helped to preserve Vedic learning(b) some of the old texts are still available(c) it has led to scientific discoveries of enduring interest(d) it provides capacity to absorb volumes of data

Rote learning has its own advantages as…………………..(a) it promotes learning without understanding(b) it does not add pressure to the mental faculties(c) mugging up can be aural as well as visual(d) it expands areas of the mind to greater possibilities

Cryptic texts were created for mathematics, philosophy, etc. because…………………..(a) these are very simple(b) these are easy to remember(c) these are short and easy(d) they are easy to interpret

The word ‘enduring’ in para 2 means…………………..(a) bear(b) transitory(c) lasting(d) indelible

B. Answer the following questions in brief: 67. Why is oral tradition in India called remarkable?8. How is rote learning advantageous?9. What does Bhaskara’s Lilavati illustrate?10. Why were cryptic texts created for mathematics, philosophy etc.?11. Write the word from passage similar in meaning to these words.(a) Separation (para 1)(b) Ascribed (para 6)

Answers

(d) it is against critical thinking and creativity.

(a) increased by computer literates.

(c) it has led to scientific discoveries of enduring interest

(d) it expands areas of the mind to greater possibilities

(b) these are easy to remember

(c) lasting

Rote learning in India is called remarkable because it has led to scientific discoveries of enduring interest.

Rote learning is advantageous as it expands areas of mind to greater possibilities.

Bhaskara’s Lilavati illustrate how memorisation and creativity go together.

These texts were created because these are easy to remember.

(a) Dichotomy(b) Attributed

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