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Revision Series 2022-50 Important Topics | UPSC Prelims 2022

Sleepy Classes IAS has curated subject-wise 50 most important topics for upcoming UPSC Prelims 2022. Join the live session every day at noon on Youtube. Just before prelims, these sessions will let you Revise all the Important topics And strengthen your chance to become the next officer.

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Previous Year Papers – Sociology (Paper 1)

Previous Year Papers - Sociology (Topic-wise Segregated)

“History repeats itself, first as tragedy, then as farce.”  – Karl Marx

With the intention of knowing and understanding sociology’s history, we bring to you this small booklet. It contains previous year questions for sociology optional (2013-2021).

The PYQs have been segregated chapter-wise for you to solve and raise the level of your preparation.

Sociology Downloads

Let’s write, revise and analyse.

This is just a small gift from us at Sleepy Classes to the entire student community.

This is to help you make your present ‘sharp’ and future ‘bright’. May you make the most of it. With you in your UPSC journey always!

Team Sleepy Classes

Paper 1 Part 1

Chapter 1

Sociology the Discipline

a)     Modernity and social changes in Europe and the emergence of sociology.

How did the Intellectual forces lead to the emergence of Sociology? Discuss (20/I/1a/10)

Discuss the historical antecedents of the emergence of sociology as a discipline. (19/I/1a/10)

“Sociology is pre-eminently study of modern society.” Discuss (16/I/2c/10)

How had enlightenment contributed to the emergence of Sociology? (15/I/3c/10)

Write short answer of the following in about 150 words: How did the emergence of industrial society change the family life in Western Europe? (14/I/1b/10)

“Sociology emerged in Europe and flourished to begin with on social reformist orientation in the U.S.A.” -Comment. (150 Words) (13/I/1a/10)

Europe was the first and the only place where modernity emerged. Comment

What aspects of Enlightenment do you think paved way for the emergence of sociology? Elaborate. 20 (2a/ 2022)

b)    Scope of the subject and comparison with other social sciences.

In the Context of globalization, has the scope of Sociology been changing in India? Comment (20/I/5a/10)

The sociological imagination enables us to grasp history and biography and the relationship between the two in a society. C.W. Mills. Explain. (18/I/8a/20)

Explain how sociology has emerged as a distinct discipline based on rationality and scientific temper. (17/I/1a/10)

Discuss the changing equations of discipline of Sociology with other social sciences. (17/1/2a/20)

Write Short answer of the following in about 150 words: How is Sociology approach to human actions different from that of psychological approach? (14/I/1c/10)

Compare and contrast Sociology with Anthropology. (150 Words) (13/I/1b/10)

From the viewpoint of growing importance of multidisciplinary, how do you relate sociology to other social sciences? (2021)

Delimit the scope of Sociology in relation to other social sciences. 10 marks (1a/2022)

c)     Sociology and common sense

Discuss the importance and source of hypothesis in social research. (20/I/5b/10)

Explain the probability sampling strategies with examples. (19/I/1e/10).

Illustrate with example the significance of variables in sociological research. (17/I/1c/10)

How can one resolve the issue of reliability and validity in the context of sociological research on inequality? (17/I/4c/10)

“Hypothesis is a statement of the relationship between two or more variables.” Elucidate by giving examples of poverty and illiteracy. (16/I/3c/10)

What are variables? Discuss their role in experimental research. (15/I/1c/10)

Examine the Problems of maintaining objectivity and value neutrality in Social Science research. (15/1/2b/20)

Why is random sampling said to have more reliability and validity in research? (15/I/3a/20)

The difference between information and data in social science is subtle. Comment. (1c/ 2022)

Explain the different types of non-probability sampling techniques. Bring out the conditions of their usage with appropriate examples. 20 (2 b/ 2022)

Suggest measures to minimize the influence of the researcher in the process of collecting data through focus group discussion. (3c/2022)

What is reliability? Explain the different tests available to social science researchers to establish reliability. 10 (4c/ 2022)   

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Have any query related to UPSC preparation: 📞Contact Us ► Toll-Free: 1800 890 3043 ► Mobile: 6280133177 ► Email: Sleepy.Classes@gmail.com ► WhatsApp: 6280133177

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IAS academy in KeralaChampioning Dreams: A Closer Look at IAS HUB, the Top IAS Academy in Trivandrum

With a history that dates back to 1992, IAS HUB, located in the thriving city of Trivandrum, Kerala, stands tall as a symbol of optimism for those aspiring to the Civil Service. IAS HUB was established with the visionary leadership of the late C.K. Kochukoshy IAS (Rtd.) and H. H. Mar Thoma Mathews II Catholicos of MOC. Since then, it has grown continuously to fulfill the ever-changing requirements of Civil Service exams.

Founders’ Vision- A Journey of Transformation

The noble goal of IAS HUB’s conception was to develop youthful talent into competent civil officials. Inspired by a visionary zeal, the founders established the groundwork for an establishment to create responsible and capable individuals rather than just teaching knowledge. IAS HUB stands to be the IAS academy in Kerala, which has always been true to this goal of influencing candidates’ paths in the exciting world of civil services.

Interior of the Premier Residential Hub: A Contemporary Learning Oasis

IAS HUB MGOCSM CSA, located in Kerala’s first residential hub, is a testament to contemporary educational facilities committed to creating the best possible learning environment. The institute is proud of its cutting-edge facilities, which include multimedia classrooms, a luxurious conference room, and private reading areas. This pledge perfectly aligns with IAS HUB’s objective to give students the best possible assistance to achieve academic success.

Academic Prominence: Initiators of Comprehensive Education

A key component of IAS HUB’s successes is its dynamic faculty, a group of instructors unique in their backgrounds, depth of knowledge, and unshakable commitment to molding the future generation of civil servants. The teachers, who come from different parts of the world, guarantee education beyond traditional limits and provide a modern and all-encompassing education.

Creating Success: A dedication to outcomes

IAS HUB sets itself apart with goal-oriented programs that are painstakingly designed to give aspirant success a top priority. Fundamentally, the school embraces a student-centered mindset that recognizes each applicant’s journey. By utilizing an array of instructional resources that include auditory, visual, and kinesthetic approaches, IAS HUB guarantees a customized and stimulating learning experience.

Programs Linked with Varying Pathways

Start the Prelims Cum Mains Odyssey, a program designed to provide a thorough approach that will lead to success. Take advantage of comprehensive preparation methods, visually stimulating and informative learning materials, and orientation sessions to gain clarity. The Online Endeavor offers a flexible learning platform to working professionals, enabling them to pursue thorough syllabus coverage. Additionally, this program provides individualized mentorship to help participants manage their exam preparation and work obligations.

Optional Subjects Personalized for Goals

Recognizing the wide range of options available to candidates, IAS HUB provides focused mentoring programs for elective courses in Public Administration, Sociology, Law, Malayalam, Political Science, and International Relations (PSIR).

Choosing IAS HUB: A Decision for Success

Learn from seasoned instructors and UPSC alums to understand the subtleties of the CSAT. You will also gain from a thorough approach to exam preparation that covers every aspect of the course in detail. Expert programs provide effective preparation, fostering confidence for preliminary and main exams. Become a part of a community of accomplished individuals and gain access to proven tactics. Get reasonably priced, high-quality preparation to guarantee success without going over budget.

Additional Insights into IAS HUB

The top IAS academy in Kerala, IAS HUB, goes above and beyond conventional teaching approaches. The institution offers cutting-edge learning platforms to keep applicants ahead of the curve, including online resources, interactive tests, and live discussions. IAS HUB also hosts guest lectures by well-known professionals, offering insightful viewpoints on current events.

By actively participating in the community, the academy inspires future leaders to positively impact society. Students are thoroughly prepared for the interview stage through mock interviews and personality development programs, which improves overall preparation. The sharing of success stories encourages the present generation to aim higher by showcasing past IAS HUB candidates’ varied origins and accomplishments. IAS HUB essentially creates an environment that supports holistic development and success in the field of civil services in addition to dispensing knowledge.

Creative Learning Platforms: Online resources, interactive tests, and real-time discussions are just a few of the creative learning platforms IAS HUB uses to stay ahead of the curve.

Guest Lectures by Renowned Professionals: Expand your knowledge by attending guest lectures by distinguished professionals who offer insightful viewpoints on current events and related subjects.

Initiatives for Community Engagement: IAS HUB encourages candidates to participate in social initiatives involving the community and advancing societal development.

Mock Interviews and Personality Development: Enhance your overall preparedness for the final selection process by thoroughly preparing for the interview stage through the use of mock interviews and personality development programs.

Publication of Success Stories: Take inspiration from the past IAS HUB candidates’ inspiring tales, which highlight a variety of backgrounds and accomplishments.

Conclusion

Within the complex fabric of Kerala’s civil service coaching, IAS HUB functions not only as an organization but also as a mentor, helping candidates achieve their goals. IAS HUB extends an invitation to prospective civil servants to start a life-changing road toward achievement. It has a rich history, a vibrant faculty, and programs designed for various career options. Select IAS HUB, and let IAS Academy in Kerala stand as a colorful scenery to inspire your dreams of being a civil servant. HUB, and let your Civil Service aspirations take flight in the vibrant landscapes of Kerala.

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For any aspirant to crack an optional, it is important that they understand and memorise minute details of the syllabus and prepare according to its requirements. Political Science and International Relations has its detailed syllabus listed out by the UPSC. There are two Papers of PSIR Optional- Paper 1 and Paper 2. Both Papers can also be broadly divided into two parts- Part A and B with specific syllabus of each of these components.

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Trends in PSIR Previous 5 Years and Strategy for Mains 2022

Trends in Paper 1 Part A

·        Western Political Thought:

o    Trace the evolution of western political thought from ancient to contemporary period. [2020]

·        Plato:

o    Explain Aristotle's critique of Plato's Idealism. [2019]

o    'Plato was an enemy of the open society'. (Popper). Comment. [2015]

·        Aristotle:

o    Explain Aristotle's critique of Plato's Idealism. [2019]

o    Everywhere inequality is a cause of revolution’. (Aristotle). Comment. [2017]

o    Comment on Aristotle's conception of equality. [2015]

·        Machiavelli:

o    Comment on Machiavelli on secularism. [2020]

o    Critically examine Machiavelli's views on religion and politics. [2018]

o    Compare and contrast the views of Kautilya and Machiavelli on statecraft. [2015]

·        Thomas Hobbes and John Locke:

o    Comment on Hobbesian notion of political obligation. [2017]

o    How would I and my fellow human beings behave if we were to find ourselves in a state of nature, and what does this behaviour tell us about our innate predispositions? Thomas Hobbes. Discuss. [2016]

o    John Locke is a father of liberalism. Explain. [2018]

·        J.S. Mill:

o    Representative democracy…means the people as a body must be able to control the general direction of government policy. (J.S. Mill) [2020]

o    John Stuart Mill is a 'reluctant democrat’. (CL Wayper). Comment. [2018]

·        Karl Marx:

o    Discuss Karl Marx’s concept of class. [2020]

o    Differentiate between freedom and liberty. Discuss Marx's notion of freedom. [2017]

o    Explain Marx's understanding of human essence and alienation. [2016]

o    Discuss the relationship between base and superstructure in Marxist theory. [2015]

·        Gramsci:

o    According to Gramsci, 'hegemony is primarily based on the organisation of consent.' Comment. [2019]

o    Comment on Gramsci's concept of hegemony. [2016]

o    Discuss Gramsci's notion of organic intellectuals. [2015]

·        Hannah Arendt:

o    Critically examine Hannah Arendt's conceptual triad of labour, work and action. [2019]

o    Discuss Hannah Arendt's analysis of the role of ideology in the modern totalitarian regime. [2016]

·        Political Theory:

o    Discuss the significance of normative approach to Political Theory. [2020]

o    Comment on resurgence of political theory. [2019]

o    Comment on the decline of Political Theory. [2018]

o    Comment on the post behavioural approach. [2016]

·        Theories of State:

o    Comment on Post Colonial theory of State. [2020]

o    Write a short note on pluralist theory of the State. [2019]

o    Critically examine the neoliberal theory of State. [2018]

o    Comment on neoliberal perspective of the State. [2017]

o    Discuss the feminist theory of the State. [2016]

o    Examine the challenges to sovereignty of the State in the contemporary world. [2015]

·        Justice:

o    Make a comparative assessment of the Greek perspective of Justice and Rawlsian perspective of Justice. [2020]

o    Examine communitarian perspectives on justice. [2019]

o    Comment on distributive justice. [2018]

o    Analyse John Rawls' justification of discrimination to achieve the goals of justice. [2018]

o    'Rawls' theory of justice is both contractual and distributive'. Examine. [2017]

o    Critically examine John Rawls argument for democratic equality. [2016]

o    Comment on difference principle in the Rawls theory of justice. [2015] 

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   Equality:

o    Comment on equality of opportunity. [2020]

o    Equality means fair treatment rather than equal treatment. Comment. [2018]

o    Comment on affirmative action. [2016]

·        Rights:

o    Assess the significance of right to property in political theory. [2020]

o    Discuss the doctrine of 'rights as trump'. [2019/15m/200w/4b]

o    What do you understand by three generation of human rights? [2018]

o    What do you understand by multiculturalism? Discuss Bhikhu Parekh's views on multiculturalism.[2017]

o    The implementation of human rights is  regarded as a matter of changing the conduct of states. Comment. [2016]

o    Comment on the idea of Natural Rights. [2015]

·         Democracy:

o    Write a short note on Deliberative democracy. [2019]

o    Comment on Substantive democracy. [2018]

o    Critically examine MacPherson's views on democracy. [2018]

o    Deliberative democracy does not have its salience without participation and Participatory democracy does not have its credence without deliberations. Comment. [2017]

o    Explicate the features of representative democracy. [2016]

o    Elaborate the difference between participatory and deliberative democracy. [2015]

·        Power:

o    Examine the nature and meaning of power. [2020]

o    Explain the relationship between power, authority and legitimacy. [2018]

o    Distinguish between power and authority. [2015]

o    Discuss the 'crisis of legitimacy' in capitalist societies. (Habermas). [2015] 

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·        Ideologies:

o    Liberalism as a revolutionary idea. [2020]

o    Compare negative and positive concepts of liberty. [2019]

o    The political ideology of Globalisation is neoliberalism. Comment. [2016]

o    Define socialism. Discuss the salient features of Fabian socialism. [2017]

o    Discuss the key features of pre-Marxist socialist theory. [2015]

o    What is the contemporary relevance of Marxism? [2019]

o     'Nothing against the state, nothing over it, nothing beyond it'. (Mussolini). Comment. [2018]

o    Distinguish between liberal feminism and radical feminism. [2019]

o    Comment on Ecofeminism. [2017]

o    Comment on Postmodernism. [2017]

·        End of Ideology:

o    Discuss the end of Ideology debate. [2019]

o    Write a brief note on the End of History. [2017] 

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Indian Political Thought

·        Ancient thought and Kautilya:

o    Explain the sources of ancient Indian Political Thought. [2020]

o    Discuss Kautilya's views on the elements of the State. [2019]

o    What do you understand about the notion of statecraft? Discuss the theory of statecraft as given by Kautilya. [2017]

o    Compare and contrast the views of Kautilya  and Machiavelli on statecraft. [2015]

·        Sri Aurobindo:

o    According to Sri Aurobindo, Swaraj is a necessary condition for India to accomplish its destined goal. Comment. [2017]

o    Discuss Sri Aurobindo's views on cultural nationalism. [2016]

·        M.K. Gandhi:

o    Explain ideological components of Gandhism. [2020]

o    Discuss MK Gandhi's concept of Swaraj. [2019]

o    Examine Gandhi's critique of modernisation. [2016]

o    Comment on Gandhi's views on the state. [2015]

·        B.R. Ambedkar:

o    Comment on Ambedkar on Constitutionalism. [2020]

o    Discuss Ambedkar's ideas on Annihilation of Caste. [2018]

o    'Political democracy could not last unless social democracy lay at its base'. (BR Ambedkar). Comment. [2017]

o    Discuss Dr. BR Ambedkar's idea of state socialism. [2016]

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Sources and strategy

·        Stick to your notes and revise them repeatedly.

·        If possible make mind maps and tables for thought and theory for quick revision.

·        In case of lack of material, stick to IGNOU.

·        Answer writing key for conceptual clarity, interlinkage and scholars to quote. 

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PSIR Optional Booklist By Toppers

Get the best PSIR Course for UPSC 2023. Prerna Madam’s courses are known for being extremely comprehensive and ensure conceptual and analytical understanding of PSIR and Polity to aid students in tackling any question that may come their way. Under her guidance, a number of aspirants have secured ranks in UPSC through PSIR Optional including Aditya Raj (AIR 225- 2021), Anurag Nayan (AIR 279-2021), Raghvendra Sharma (AIR 340-2021), Preeti Panchal (AIR 449-2021), Anjali Birla (2019), Ravinderpreet Kaur (AIR 389- 2018), Rupesh Kumar (AIR 487- 2018) and more.

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This year’s Essay paper is yet another evidence of the shifting trend of UPSC CSE towards evaluating originality in thinking. Through essays with a philosophical base, UPSC wants to recruit Civil Servants who have the ability to think out of the box. To find out the best approach to deal with such Essays, Join the Sleepy Classes IAS – Essay Course available now.

[iashubcivil]

Championing Dreams: A Closer Look at IAS HUB, the Top IAS Academy in Trivandrum

With a history that dates back to 1992, IAS HUB, located in the thriving city of Trivandrum, Kerala, stands tall as a symbol of optimism for those aspiring to the Civil Service. IAS HUB was established with the visionary leadership of the late C.K. Kochukoshy IAS (Rtd.) and H. H. Mar Thoma Mathews II Catholicos of MOC. Since then, it has grown continuously to fulfill the ever-changing requirements of Civil Service exams.

Founders’ Vision- A Journey of Transformation

The noble goal of IAS HUB’s conception was to develop youthful talent into competent civil officials. Inspired by a visionary zeal, the founders established the groundwork for an establishment to create responsible and capable individuals rather than just teaching knowledge. IAS HUB stands to be the IAS academy in Kerala, which has always been true to this goal of influencing candidates’ paths in the exciting world of civil services.

Interior of the Premier Residential Hub: A Contemporary Learning Oasis

IAS HUB MGOCSM CSA, located in Kerala’s first residential hub, is a testament to contemporary educational facilities committed to creating the best possible learning environment. The institute is proud of its cutting-edge facilities, which include multimedia classrooms, a luxurious conference room, and private reading areas. This pledge perfectly aligns with IAS HUB’s objective to give students the best possible assistance to achieve academic success.

Academic Prominence: Initiators of Comprehensive Education

A key component of IAS HUB’s successes is its dynamic faculty, a group of instructors unique in their backgrounds, depth of knowledge, and unshakable commitment to molding the future generation of civil servants. The teachers, who come from different parts of the world, guarantee education beyond traditional limits and provide a modern and all-encompassing education.

Creating Success: A dedication to outcomes

IAS HUB sets itself apart with goal-oriented programs that are painstakingly designed to give aspirant success a top priority. Fundamentally, the school embraces a student-centered mindset that recognizes each applicant’s journey. By utilizing an array of instructional resources that include auditory, visual, and kinesthetic approaches, IAS HUB guarantees a customized and stimulating learning experience.

Programs Linked with Varying Pathways

Start the Prelims Cum Mains Odyssey, a program designed to provide a thorough approach that will lead to success. Take advantage of comprehensive preparation methods, visually stimulating and informative learning materials, and orientation sessions to gain clarity. The Online Endeavor offers a flexible learning platform to working professionals, enabling them to pursue thorough syllabus coverage. Additionally, this program provides individualized mentorship to help participants manage their exam preparation and work obligations.

Optional Subjects Personalized for Goals

Recognizing the wide range of options available to candidates, IAS HUB provides focused mentoring programs for elective courses in Public Administration, Sociology, Law, Malayalam, Political Science, and International Relations (PSIR).

Choosing IAS HUB: A Decision for Success

Learn from seasoned instructors and UPSC alums to understand the subtleties of the CSAT. You will also gain from a thorough approach to exam preparation that covers every aspect of the course in detail. Expert programs provide effective preparation, fostering confidence for preliminary and main exams. Become a part of a community of accomplished individuals and gain access to proven tactics. Get reasonably priced, high-quality preparation to guarantee success without going over budget.

Additional Insights into IAS HUB

The top IAS academy in Kerala, IAS HUB, goes above and beyond conventional teaching approaches. The institution offers cutting-edge learning platforms to keep applicants ahead of the curve, including online resources, interactive tests, and live discussions. IAS HUB also hosts guest lectures by well-known professionals, offering insightful viewpoints on current events.

By actively participating in the community, the academy inspires future leaders to positively impact society. Students are thoroughly prepared for the interview stage through mock interviews and personality development programs, which improves overall preparation. The sharing of success stories encourages the present generation to aim higher by showcasing past IAS HUB candidates’ varied origins and accomplishments. IAS HUB essentially creates an environment that supports holistic development and success in the field of civil services in addition to dispensing knowledge.

Creative Learning Platforms: Online resources, interactive tests, and real-time discussions are just a few of the creative learning platforms IAS HUB uses to stay ahead of the curve.

Guest Lectures by Renowned Professionals: Expand your knowledge by attending guest lectures by distinguished professionals who offer insightful viewpoints on current events and related subjects.

Initiatives for Community Engagement: IAS HUB encourages candidates to participate in social initiatives involving the community and advancing societal development.

Mock Interviews and Personality Development: Enhance your overall preparedness for the final selection process by thoroughly preparing for the interview stage through the use of mock interviews and personality development programs.

Publication of Success Stories: Take inspiration from the past IAS HUB candidates’ inspiring tales, which highlight a variety of backgrounds and accomplishments.

Conclusion

Within the complex fabric of Kerala’s civil service coaching, IAS HUB functions not only as an organization but also as a mentor, helping candidates achieve their goals. IAS HUB extends an invitation to prospective civil servants to start a life-changing road toward achievement. It has a rich history, a vibrant faculty, and programs designed for various career options. Select IAS HUB, and let IAS Academy in Kerala stand as a colorful scenery to inspire your dreams of being a civil servant. HUB, and let your Civil Service aspirations take flight in the vibrant landscapes of Kerala.

[sleepyclasses1]

PSIR Optional Best Coaching

PSIR is a very dynamic option and requires broad coverage of current affairs for both papers. Our course provides monthly coverage of important topics, giving you the best coaching for the PSIR optional.