#endocarp

[whats-in-a-sentence]

In Arabidopsis and many other members of the Brassicaceae, several fruit tissues develop, including the carpel walls or pericarp (known also as the valves), a central replum, a false septum, and valve margins that form at the valve and replum borders (Figure 21.33).

"Plant Physiology and Development" int'l 6e - Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I.M., Murphy, A.

[afeelgoodblog]

The Best News of Last Month - August 2024

1.Negative Power Prices Hit Europe as Renewable Energy Floods the Grid

European power markets are experiencing a notable shift as renewable energy sources, particularly wind and solar, become a larger part of the energy mix. On Wednesday, power prices in several European markets, including Germany, dipped below zero due to a surge in green electricity production.

2. Taiwan introduces ban on performances by captive wild animals

Live performances by wild animals held in captivity, including performances by dolphins, tigers, and other non-domesticated mammals, will no longer be permitted in Taiwan under new Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) regulations.

3. FTC bans fake online reviews, inflated social media influence; rule takes effect in October

The FTC voted unanimously to ban marketers from using fake reviews, such as those generated with AI technology, and other misleading advertising practices.

The ban also forbids marketers from exaggerating their own influence by, for example, paying for bots to inflate their follower count.

4. Chinese drones will fly trash out of Everest slopes

Come autumn, Nepal will deploy heavy lifter drones to transport garbage from the 6,812-metre tall Ama Dablam, south of Everest. This will be the first commercial work an unmanned aerial vehicle does in Nepal’s high-altitude zone.

The heavy lifter from China’s biggest drone maker, Da Jiang Innovations (DJI), will take on tasks traditionally handled by Sherpas. Officials believe it will help reduce casualties on Everest.

5. Swiss scientists have found a way to use the whole cocoa fruit to make chocolate and not just taking beans and discarding the rest.

Kim Mishra (L) and Anian Schreiber (R) cooperated on the new chocolate making process

Food scientists in Switzerland have come up with a way to make chocolate using the entire cocoa fruit rather than just the beans - and without using sugar.

The chocolate, developed at Zurich’s prestigious Federal Institute of Technology by scientist Kim Mishra and his team includes the cocoa fruit pulp, the juice, and the husk, or endocarp.

6. Six-year-old boy found in Vietnam forest after five days

A six-year-old boy who was missing for five days has been found deep in a forest in Vietnam. Dang Tien Lam, who lives in the northwestern Yen Bai province, was playing in a stream with his nine siblings on 17 August when he wandered into the hills and got lost, local reports said.

He was found on Wednesday by local farmers who heard a child's cry while they were clearing a cinnamon field close to the forest.

7. Lego plans to make half the plastic in bricks from renewable materials by 2026

Lego plans to make half the plastic in its bricks from renewable or recycled material rather than fossil fuels by 2026, in its latest effort to ensure its toys are more environmentally friendly.

The Danish company last year ditched efforts to make bricks entirely from recycled bottles because of cost and production issues. At the moment, 22% of the material in its colourful bricks is not made from fossil fuels.

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That's it for this month :)

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[aistobascistod]

Dialogue : Endocardial :: The Pogues : The Endocarps

[dandelionsresilience]

Good News - May 22-28

Like these weekly compilations? Support me on Ko-fi or $Kaybarr1735! Also, if you tip me on Ko-fi or CashApp (and give me some way to contact you if it doesn’t automatically), at the end of the month I'll send you a link to all of the articles I found but didn't use each week - almost double the content!

1. Scientists Invent Healthier More Sustainable Chocolate

“The new chocolate recipe from researchers at ETH Zurich uses more materials from the cocoa pod that are usually discarded, including more of the pulp as well as the inner lining of the husk, known as the endocarp. […] The resulting chocolate also [was “deliciously sweet” and] had 20% more fibre and 30 percent less saturated fat than average European dark chocolate[, and] it could enable cocoa farmers [to] earn more from their crops.”

2. Vermont Is Coming for Big Oil, Making It Pay for Decades of Climate Pollution

“Legislators in Montpelier are on the brink of enacting the "Climate Superfund Act," modeled after the federal Superfund law, that seeks to make oil, gas and coal companies pay for damages linked to historical greenhouse gas emissions. […] Companies would be held liable for the costs associated with […] floods and heat waves, along with losses to biodiversity, safety, economic development and anything else the treasurer deems reasonable[, that were caused by their emissions].”

3. Important bird habitat now protected in the Rocky Mountain Trench

“Grassland-reliant species in the Rocky Mountain Trench now have more protected habitat thanks to a new [270-hectare] conservation area near Cranbrook. […] About one-third of the Skookumchuck Prairie Conservation Area is forested[…,] Most of the site is a dry grassland[…, and] Three hectares of wetlands add to the landscape diversity and offer crucial benefits to wildlife and water systems in the area. This conservation gem also provides habitat for endangered American badger and excellent winter range for elk, mule deer and white-tailed deer.”

4. Lemur Week marked by 70th breeding success

“A wildlife park has celebrated its 70th lemur breeding success ahead of a week raising money to help save the endangered primates. […] The park's open-air Madagascar exhibit is home to 31 free-roaming lemurs and was officially opened in 2008. […] Females are only sexually receptive for just one or two days a year, leaving a small window of opportunity for males to father offspring. […] The two playful siblings, one female and one male, were born to father Bernard and mother Hira.”

5. Innovative material for sustainable building

“Researchers introduce a polymer-based material with unique properties. This material allows sunlight to enter, maintains a more comfortable indoor climate without additional energy, and cleans itself like a lotus leaf. The new development could replace glass components in walls and roofs in the future.”

6. Isle of Wight eagles don't pose threat to lambs as feared

“While there had previously been fears that the eagles would feed on livestock, such as lambs, the project has found no evidence of this. [… “W]hite-tailed eagles effectively steal meals from other predatory birds[, which is] a really important ecological role that had been lost within the landscape and is being restored.” [… The birds’] population was boosted by a chick last year – the first time the species has bred in England in 240 years.”

7. Breakthrough discovery uses engineered surfaces to shed heat

“Cheng's team has found a way to lower the starting point of the [Leidenfrost] effect by producing a surface covered with micropillars. […] The discovery has great potential in heat transfer applications such as the cooling of industrial machines and surface fouling cleaning for heat exchangers. It also could help prevent damage and even disaster to nuclear machinery.”

8. New malaria vaccine delivered for the first time

“A total of 43,000 doses arrived by air today from UNICEF, and another 120,000 are scheduled to show up in the coming days. […] They're the first vaccines designed to work against a human parasite. […] Across four African countries, these trials showed a 75% reduction in malaria cases in the year following vaccination of young children. […] The Serum Institute of India, who will be manufacturing the new vaccine, says a hundred million doses will likely be available to countries by the middle of next year.”

9. Urban gardening may improve human health: Microbial exposure boosts immune system

“"One month of urban indoor gardening boosted the diversity of bacteria on the skin of the subjects and was associated with higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the blood. The group studied used a growing medium with high microbial diversity emulating the forest soil," [… whereas] the control group used a microbially poor peat-based medium. [… N]o changes in the blood or the skin microbiota were seen. […] “This is the first time we can demonstrate that meaningful and natural human activity can increase the diversity of the microbiota of healthy adults and, at the same time, contribute to the regulation of the immune system."”

10. Cities Are Switching to Electric Vehicles Faster Than Individuals

“[M]ost large cities have adopted some kind of climate goal, and some of them are buying EVs for their municipal fleets at a faster rate than the general public. And that progress could speed up as more EVs enter the market and as cities get educated about grant funding and tax incentives that were passed over the last four years.”

May 15-21 news here | (all credit for images and written material can be found at the source linked; I don’t claim credit for anything but curating.)

[wachinyeya]

Scientists in Switzerland have invented a way to make chocolate healthier and more sustainable.

Typically, only cocoa beans and pulp are extracted for our chocolate bars. But researchers at the ETH Zurich federal technology institute have discovered that the cocoa pod husk can be used

Their new recipe involves taking what’s known as the endocarp, the inner layer of the fruit shell, and mixing it with some of the pulp surrounding the beans to make a sweet cocoa jelly.

“This means that farmers can not only sell the beans, but also dry out the juice from the pulp and the endocarp, grind it into powder and sell that as well,” explains Kim Mishra, lead author of the study published in the journal Nature Food.

[bonefall]

do your cats have any sort of fun little fortune-telling methods? not proper divination, more like how humans have magic 8 balls or those folded paper fortune tellers

Generally, these are frowned upon! You have to keep these relatively harmless fortunetelling methods on the downlow, else you might get a lecture about how StarClan does not approve of "misinterpretation of their will." It's like witchcraft.

But kittens especially love silly little rituals just as much as they love blasphemy so, here's a couple popular ones. Adults sometimes do these too, but quietly!

DANDELION RUNNING

Find a big dandelion puffball, one with the seeds dry and loose. Pluck it from the ground, hold it in your teeth, and RUN AS FAST AS YOU CAN! At the end, observe the seeds that still cling to the puff.

That's how many kittens you will have someday. Apprentices who are mutually crushing like to do this together to see if their number matches up.

PUFFBALL SMACKING

This one is mostly a ShadowClan tradition because they are the most morbid. You find a juuuust barely ripe puffball, gather around, and you give it a slap. Gentle! Every slap you get is a lucky moon you will have.

But if you hit it and it pops, that means BAD luck for every slap you got in.

So obviously the apprentices like to gather around and take slap-turns, and saddle the unlucky popper with all the bad luck of the session.

SEEDMATCH

This is the closest thing to a card reading or those little fold-up stars they have. It's about seeds, obviously.

First, you get a bowl of some kind. That can be a big leaf, or clay, or maybe even a turtle shell if you've caught an invasive slider or terrapin. Toss in 12 pairs of seeds (called "pods" in Clanmew) for a total of 24, the same amount of whiskers on a cat's face.

The seeds are mixed until randomized. Then the the Speaker and the Spoken both close their eyes and pluck 6 seeds. The Spoken places their seeds down, one at a time, in a row. The Speaker checks the seeds they plucked, and either declares no matches, or places down the match.

The 12 seeds are traditional. Each pair is the same species, and has a meaning;

Poppy = Rest, physical injury, sleep

Apple = Risk and reward

Plum core (the endocarp within the pit) = Death or redemption (ShadowClan INSISTS these must come from damsons specifically)

Dandelion = Freedom, change, metamorphosis

Fennel = Health, wellness, illness

Flax = Breakthroughs, ingenuity, interruptions

Gorse = Effort, perseverance, the threat of hard work being undone

Bull Thistle = Ambition, opportunity, seizing the moment (prra-ness)

Borage = Love, fertility, sacrifice

Field Rose = Protection, defense, guarding, driving loved ones away

Bluebell = Gains and losses

Coltsfoot (though some house rules require a speaker to provide their own personal species of seed) = Eccentricity, trust in yourself and others, releasing inhibition

There are of course, three possible outcomes when the Spoken places their seed:

NO MATCH: a good sign, positivity of the symbolism.

MATCH: a bad sign, negativity of the symbolism.

SPOKEN PICKED TWO OF THE SAME SEED: a warning, a call to be careful because fate is still unwritten.

From the order of how the seeds were placed down, a narrative forms, much like a book. The Speaker tells a story about it, trusting their heart to place the right words in their mouth.

This practice is kept alive by Clerics, but persists as a game in private and at Aftergatherings.

[pizzatower-lostmedia]

TW: Blood (gore), disfigurement BREAKING NEWS!

Although this anatomy chart is incomplete, such as missing his hands and feet, there is a substantial amount of blood, and we understand if it makes some people queasily uncomfortable—please look away from the post if you will. A previously early and lost anatomy chart of Pepperman, the first boss of “Pizza Tower,” has since been found! Of course, being a sentient pepper, it showcases the capsaicin glands. These glands are the white strips that align the endocarp (better known as the inside of the pepper) and connect the placenta to the apex (the bottom of the pepper) Feel free to draw Pepperman properly!

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☟︎☜︎ ✋︎💧︎ 🏱︎☜︎☼︎☞︎☜︎👍︎❄︎ ☠︎⚐︎🕈︎ ☟︎☜︎ ✋︎💧︎ 🏱︎☜︎☼︎☞︎☜︎👍︎❄︎ ☠︎⚐︎🕈︎ ☟︎☜︎ ✋︎💧︎ 🏱︎☜︎☼︎☞︎☜︎👍︎❄︎ ☠︎⚐︎🕈︎ ☟︎☜︎ ✋︎💧︎ 🏱︎☜︎☼︎☞︎☜︎👍︎❄︎ ☠︎⚐︎🕈︎ ☟︎☜︎ ✋︎💧︎ 🏱︎☜︎☼︎☞︎☜︎👍︎❄︎ ☠︎⚐︎🕈︎ ☟︎☜︎ ✋︎💧︎ 🏱︎☜︎☼︎☞︎☜︎👍︎❄︎ ☠︎⚐︎🕈︎ ☟︎☜︎ ✋︎💧︎ 🏱︎☜︎☼︎☞︎☜︎👍︎❄︎ ☠︎⚐︎🕈︎ ☟︎☜︎ ✋︎💧︎ 🏱︎☜︎☼︎☞︎☜︎👍︎❄︎ ☠︎⚐︎🕈︎ ☟︎☜︎ ✋︎💧︎ 🏱︎☜︎☼︎☞︎☜︎👍︎❄︎ ☠︎⚐︎🕈︎ ☟︎☜︎ ✋︎💧︎ 🏱︎☜︎☼︎☞︎☜︎👍︎❄︎ ☠︎⚐︎🕈︎

[dailybotany]

I'm currently working on diagrams for the students I'm TAing for and I thought I'd share the first couple here!

We're working on fruit types right now. Fruit terminology is heavily based on developmental morphology, particularly how many carpels (ovary units) the fruit develops from and what ovary layers develop into what.

Drupes are a fleshy, indehiscent fruit formed from a single superior ovary/carpel and generally contain only one seed, encased in a lignified/schlerenchymatous endocarp. A common example is a cherry!

The diagram on the left is useful to understand the developmental progression from flower to fruit.

[theeasistwayofdoingthings]

Plants template

(link for notion)

Read:

If you have any suggestions of things for me to add in this sheet feel free to tell me :)

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If you prefer to see directly without the link

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¤》general information《¤

Name:

Pronunciation:

Meaning:

Other names:

Scientific name:

Type:

Domain:

Kingdom:

Phylum:

Sub-Phylum:

Class:

Order:

Family:

Genus:

Geographic distribution:

Symbol:

Edible?

Where it is used?:

¤》planting information《¤

How long does it take to be fully grown:

How long does it take to bear fruit:

What is the best season to plant?

How much water do it need??

How much sun do it need?

¤》properties《¤

•

¤》general appearance《¤

FLOWER

Stamen:

Petal:

Sepal:

LEAF

Color:

Shape:

FRUIT

Epicarp:

Mesocarp:

Endocarp:

STEM

Type:

Color:

SEED

Size:

Shape:

Seed pattern:

Color:

ROOT

Type:

SPRING

How does it looks like?

¤》Physiology《¤

Defense mechanism

•

[smute]

coconuts are indeed a stone fruit! stone fruits have a fleshy outer layer (made of exocarp/skin and mesocarp/flesh), which surrounds a single shell (the pit or stone, called the pyrena) made of hardened endocarp with a seed (kernel) inside. think of the endocarp like the fleshy part of a lemon or lime. that's the same tissue, except in a lemon it's membranous and filled with fluid and in stone fruits and nuts its hard

the part of the coconut we eat is the kernel, unlike most other stone fruits where the outer flesh is eaten. almonds and pecans are similar in that its the kernal that we eat and not the outer flesh

other stone fruits not mentioned by the poll: olives, dates, ginkgos, pistachios, and cashews. the term stone fruit carries no implication of relation between these plants, despite many of them being related. plums, apricots, and peaches are closely related, but coconuts are more related to grass (and corn!) than they are to a peach

additional fun fact: nectarines are literally just peaches with a mutation that makes them fuzz-less. their baldness makes them more susceptible to insect damage, since insects seem to dislike the fuzz :(

omg CASHEWS TOO? consider my mind blown

[karmathenightowl]

Endocarp

This was inspired by the shape and texture of a walnut shell. Might come up with lore later...

[allthenewzworld]

A rich, dark but sweet, with a hint of cocoa bitterness - have Swiss scientists discovered a new sustainable chocolate? 🍫

Chocolate have traditionally been made using only cocoa beans.

Now, food scientists in Zurich have found a way to make chocolate using the entire cocoa fruit, without adding sugar.

The new sweet treat developed by Kim Mishra and his team includes the cocoa fruit pulp, the juice, and the husk, or endocarp.

The key to the new chocolate lies in its very sweet juice, which tastes, Mr Mishra explains, "a bit like pineapple".

(📸 Chocosuisse, Imogen Foulkes, Lindt)

#chocolate #allthenews

[kazimacosmeticsproducts]

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The harvesting is embarked yr-round via men; women generally cope with the processing. Fruits are sun-dried for two to 3 days, cooked, and processed with a mortar and pestle to split the fibrous pulp from the seed. The pulp (wina batana) is used in cooking and as a fuel, and the white endocarp surrounding the seed (kisuma batana) is processed into batana oil (ojón), which has been used for generations as a skin treatment and hair care product.D2D CLICK HERE :- https://www.kazima.in/

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[robjtolley]

The Process of Producing Coffee

Coffee is one of the world’s most famous beverages, as it is consumed around the globe. The process of coffee production, from seed to consumer, entails several steps. Coffee beans, essentially seeds, must undergo drying, roasting, and grinding before brewing into the beloved beverage.

Coffee seeds, known as unroasted coffee beans, are grown in rows shaded by excessive sunlight. Fresh seeds typically germinate within approximately two and a half months after planting, although older seeds may take up to six months to sprout. Coffee plants should ideally be cultivated in hilly regions with nitrogen-rich volcanic soil for optimal growth.

Elevation plays a crucial role in coffee cultivation. The arabica species thrives at higher altitudes, whereas the robusta species is typically grown at lower elevations or sea level. Additionally, coffee plants have specific rainfall requirements. A distinct wet season for cultivation and a dry season for harvesting is crucial.

Whether by machine or human hands, coffee is harvested through one of two methods: strip picking or selective picking. The strip-picking method involves removing cherries from the branch, which can be done manually or with a machine. When employing selective picking, only the red cherries are harvested, leaving the green ones to mature further.

After the harvest, coffee cherries undergo immediate processing to prevent spoilage. Two primary methods are employed based on resources and location: the dry and wet methods. The dry method, known as unwashed or natural processing, is commonly used in areas with limited water access and by small-scale farms. Cherries are spread on drying beds, exposed to the sun for 15 to 20 days, regularly turned, and covered at night to prevent moisture absorption. The wet method involves washing and sorting cherries before pulping them to remove the skin.

Next, the mucilage-coated beans ferment in large tanks with added enzymes to dissolve the sticky substance. After approximately 24 hours, beans are repeatedly washed to eliminate residue. These beans are sun-dried for a day or two before being sorted into different grades.

The coffee milling process involves several steps, including preparing dried beans for market. Hulling removes the dried husk layers (exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp) from parchment coffee beans. Polishing eliminates sliver skin that may remain after hulling. Polished beans are considered higher quality but show little difference in content compared to unpolished beans.

Grading involves sorting beans based on size, weight, color consistency, and flaws. Initially done by hand, the process can take hours. A more efficient method uses pneumatic sorting by air jet to separate light and heavy beans. Beans are also sized through screens on a scale of one to ten. Only the finest beans are graded as high quality.

Coffee roasting is the pivotal process that transforms green coffee beans into the aromatic brown beans we love. Whenever feasible, the roasting process occurs near the consumer to maintain freshness. Beans begin to deteriorate in quality as soon as they are roasted. It’s conducted at about 550 degrees Fahrenheit, with the beans continuously turned to prevent burning. Initially, the beans dry and turn yellow, emitting a roasting aroma. When the beans reach about 400 degrees Fahrenheit, a first crack occurs, causing the beans to double in size and become light brown.

The beans turn medium brown as the temperature rises, releasing a fragrant oil called caffeol. This pyrolysis stage is crucial, imparting the aroma and flavor to coffee. Beans can be stopped at this stage for a light or medium roast or continue for a darker roast. Around 440 degrees Fahrenheit, a second crack signals the start of the second pyrolysis, resulting in dark brown, oily beans. After roasting, the beans are rapidly cooled with water.

After roasting, coffee beans are carefully packaged to retain freshness and flavor. This packaging comes in different types, such as whole bean, ground, or single-serve pods, often sealed in vacuum bags to shield the beans from air and light. Subsequently, the distributed coffee reaches local cafes, retail stores, and consumers. It can journey far from coffee-producing nations to reach regions known for their love of coffee.

[somethingstrangeinthewoods]

Acceptance

They(?) take you apart. First is the skin, like thin needed dough she(?) runs his(?) fingers along it, their(?) claws leave an intended trail. He(?) sink needle teeth into it at your shoulder, you feel their(?) teeth turn under like little hooks and grip at the underside. Then she(?) peels you, like an orange revealing your endocarp muscles to the night air. When the only peel left on you is on your head, you look like them(?). Your syrup blood leaks from your muscles onto the grassy earth, the air is dense and hot with the sweet smell of you, it mixes with the cold juniper in the night to meld into a warm embrace of cinder and chili. She(?) takes all the peeled skin and chews it up to swallow, when you kiss you taste the trace of vanilla it left behind. They(?) slide his(?) face down your warm abdomen, you can feel the blood rush around your body, there is the taste of brandy on the back of your throat. She(?) pushes their(?) hand between the slabs of muscle and penetrates your core, you feel your innards clench around her(?) arm as the tips of their(?) fingers brush up against the deepest parts of you. He(?) grabs your left kidney and slowly pulls it out into the night, its sill attached to you with pipes and veins, and you can feel it as she(?) bites down into it like a tart. The tension building then snapping as their(?) teeth sink past the outer walls, then the organ collapses into itself as he(?) rips one half from the other, some fluid you never learned the name of spills out of the half-eaten cake and you feel the other half slide down their(?) throat. Her(?) face is painted with strawberry red jam that drips down as he(?) looks up at you with shiny eyes. They(?) shoot up to level with you and plant another sweet kiss on your lips, smearing your red on you. You slip your tongue onto theirs(?) and invite it into your mouth, you run your teeth over the soft velvet before biting down, you chew it and swallowing. You stare into each other’s eyes, you see him(?) stare back with only acceptance, as the smell of hot brandy fills the top of your nose your nose.

[acceptance washes over you]

[listliy]

Stone fruits list with names of drupe fruits belonging to genus Prunus within Rosaceae family, have single large seed surrounded by a hard, woody endocarp (pit)