#hinterland

[melancholiads]

european winter

[becausegoodheroesdeservekidneys]

feel free to ignore if you're tired of talking about things like this, but one of your recent asks about Welsh accents reminded me of the TV series Hinterland. if you've seen it, do you remember how accurate the accents were? (it's one of those broody detective bbc murder mystery shows, I watched it several years ago so I have no idea when it aired)

Very! Hinterland was originally a Welsh language series, so every actor in it is both Welsh and a Welsh speaker, complete with their own authentic accents. They filmed every scene in Welsh first, then English. It aired on S4C in Welsh as Y Gwyll, and then BBC later in English as Hinterland

The BBC edit was also masterful, actually - rather than playing it exclusively in English, they spliced the footage so that the newly-arrived-in-Aberystwyth main character is Cymro di-Gymraeg, but everyone else is a fluent first language speaker. This meant the bulk of the episodes were in English, because he can't speak Welsh, so everyone uses English to talk TO him - but, when they spoke to each other, or any incidental sentences/characters, they'd speak Welsh and subtitle it. The result was this beautiful portrayal of bilingual rural Wales that was fucking great.

But sadly the version that got ported to Netflix was entirely in English. Or so I'm told. Make of that what you will.

[fettfleisch]

this tree reminds me of my men. the rough skin makes people think they don't need affection. But that is not true. Even the hardest shell needs love and care, and even the toughest skin can sparkle in the sun when I lay hands on it, like Jesus once did. I also have a whip if that's what my men prefer

[revvetha]

It um. Really fucking sucks when you wait ages for the first ever merch release from a company you actually like and want to support and then there's just... nothing in your size. At all. Not a single thing. God I'm fucking tired.

[fliegenengel]

Heaven’s Gate

[karmaphone]

I want to take a moment of your time to preach the good word of The Long Dark. 'Liz,' you say, 'you talk about The Long Dark all the time.' That's true! As my favorite game, it's bound to be the one I talk about the most. But it is, and I do not say this lightly, absolutely incredible.

First off, let me say that this is technically a survival horror game. There are sudden flashing sequences that can trigger epilepsy and elements like graphic animal death, creeping horrors of starvation thirst temperature etc., and seeing frozen corpses around you knowing at some point you will become one of them. However: this game has an incredible range and you can set it to supremely easy (like I do) to the point where you can genuinely forget it's not just Survive In The Frozen Woods Simulator. You can adjust the settings to get the playthrough style you want, anywhere from scenic exploration of the many enormous regions and pensive hunting to heart-racing fights against bears and wolves stalking you across the map and wondering if you'll make it to shelter before freezing to death every time you leave.

This game is gorgeous. Many people are initially put off by the simpler style, but seeing a few sunrises & auroras and getting lost in blizzards a couple times usually changes their minds. Fluffy pastels and sweeping deep purples and grays make twilight absolutely beautiful and the green and pinks of auroras are stunning, especially if you happen to catch some blue. Go catch an aurora coming into Forsaken Airfield or from the top of Timberwolf Mountain and tell me I'm wrong.

You like foraging? We got foraging! Not only can you cook with ingredients and animals that you find, you can also cook up medicines and stat buffs. There are recipes hidden around that you have to work to be able to cook.

There are of course a multitude of clothes that you can find and repair, but you can also make your own out of animal hides! #Canadian Wilderness Dressup Divas 2k24

You want calm exploration? We got that too! Take a trip around the different regions to pay respect to all the gravesites if you like, or try to find the hundreds of cairns scattered around. Vague hints that point to secret stashes and the previous lives of people on the island? We got that too, pictures and notes and journals oh my.

You want hard missions? We got an immortal glowing bear that stalks you across maps for that. We got run-from-the-top-of-one-region-to-the-bottom-of-another-without-getting-mauled-by-bears-or-wolves-or-moose challenges. We got a-blizzard-is-coming-so-you-gotta-stock-up-on-enough-supplies-to-outlast-it challenges. Zone of contamination and blackrock mine are. there. Don't even get me started on the faithful cartographer achievement, in which you fill out your map in every named place in the game.

You want storyline? We got storyline! Good luck!

[racefortheironthrone]

How would the food supply chain work for city states in in places like Ancient Greece and more recently, the Italian City States? Would they control agricultural land, or would they have to buy food from nearby (or perhaps not so nearby) agricultural regions? What measures would they take in times of war to avoid having their food supply cut off?

Great question!

To answer "How would the food supply chain work for city states," I would answer by answering your other question "Would they control agricultural land, or would they have to buy food from nearby (or perhaps not so nearby) agricultural regions?" by saying: it's both.

Paradigmatically, a city-state consists of a metropole (the city in question) and the periphery (subordinated lands and territories under the city's control). (Or metropolis and hinterland, if you prefer). To further break this down, the periphery consists of a mix of different lands, including both overseas colonies and tributaries, conquered (and thus lesser and weaker) city-states and their peripheries, and the agricultural hinterland around the metropole. To take just this last category, we can think of the relationship between Athens and Attica, Rome and Latium, Venice and the Mestre and Veneto (everyone always focuses on Venice's overseas empire, but it's rarely remembered that Venice at its height basically controlled all of northeastern Italy and fought Milan for northcentral and parts of northwestern Italy), or Florence and (eventually all of) Tuscany.

How far that agricultural hinterland extended beyond the city's walls depended a lot on transportation technology. Brett Devereaux has very good (but lengthy) explanations of the difficulties of overland grain trade here and here, but the TLDR is that, as a rough rule of thumb, "the price of grain doubles every hundred miles it is moved overland." Those kind of price increases aren't really affordable, so I think if you're looking for a rough rule of thumb, a hundred miles is probably a good maximum radius for an agricultural hinterland, whereas the minimum radius is probably around 7-12 miles (based on medieval urban regulations for agricultural markets), which was roughly how far a cart could travel in a day.

However, certain factors can change the effective radius of the hinterland:

The more and better roads you have, carts can move faster and come from more directions/places, which effectively expands that cart/day radius.

If the city is on a river (and this is one of the main reasons why most historic cities were on rivers, if they weren't on coasts), you can use river-barges to transport grain. Sail-barges could travel 14 miles an hour in good winds, and tow- or pole-barges could do 10-40 miles a day (depending on whether they were going upriver or downriver). Moreover, because of buoyancy, barges can carry much heavier loads than carts, which makes them much more eficient in transporting bulk goods like grain.

Finally, the population density and degree of urbanization matters, because it raises the possibility of making partial trips, because smaller population centers will act as local metropoles and more efficiently bring in grain from rural areas allowing for more efficient routes; also, higher density and urbanization allows for the creation of a network of granaries that allow you to store grain along the way so that you can make partial trips rather than covering the whole distance from the city to the very edge of the periphery.

However, the hinterland usually wasn't enough on its own to supply the city-state, but the same advantages of wind-speed and buoyancy also meant that a long-distance overseas grain trade was absolutely viable in both the Ancient and Medieval worlds. So for example, Greek city-states would draw on grain from southern France, southern Italy and Sicily, the Black Sea, and Anatolia; much of Rome's grain supply came from North Africa and Egypt; and so on. Moreover, as Fernand Braudel points out, the interconnected grain trade of the Mediterranean was the indispensable foundation for southern European urbanism from the Middle Ages through to the Early Modern period, and the geospatial dynamics of that system did not really change that much until the invention of the steam engine.

To answer your final question - "What measures would they take in times of war to avoid having their food supply cut off?" - it was usually by a mix of metropolis/hinterland logistics and long-distance trade. A well-organized city-state would have granaries set up both in the city and in the more urbanized areas of the periphery and would have contingency plans to harvest and transport as much grain as possible to the city to use as reserves in a time of crisis. (You'll note that this leaves the periphery in a really bad situation in times of crisis, and this prioritization of the metropole over the periphery is one of the main reasons why it sucked to be in the periphery, which is why there was so much competition over who got to be the metropole and why there were so many rebellions on the peirphery.)

At the same time, if the city-state had naval supremacy over its enemies, it could pretty much indefinitely hold out against its enemies as long as it could maintain a lifeline to the sea. This is why Athens was able to hold out against Sparta for so long during the Pelopennesian War, why Constantinople won so many of its sieges, and why Venice was able to take on most of Europe and still come out on top most of the time.

[activitesparanormales]

INTERZONE / Mémoires du futur

2023

[desertpups]

Thrilled to announce I’ll be playing @hinterlandiowa in Saint Charles, Iowa later this year. Excited to join this great line up! See you soon 🖤

hinterlandiowa.com

[badmoondoll]

[depression-stays-but-you-dont]

Transcript:

A Note Left Behind-

“The most violent storm always begins and ends in a whisper. I’ve left this place now because the last summer is coming.

If you want to find me, I’m paddling across shattered ice, to the arctic sunset. These lights shouldn’t be in the sky. It’s a dance I don’t know.

Somehow we must progress from this. In a different age we walked out of the hot sands of the old continent. Now we’re here again.

The Long Dark is coming. All of these tools will become useless. Take a step. Walk because it’s your destiny to make it out of here.”

(Contributed by Backer #4783)

[nightvacancy]

The Long Dark (2014)

[flackernundflimmern]

[wenbochenphoto]

I am so lucky to have this as my backyard, can never get tired of living here. The vegetation here are Gondwana rainforest, wet sclerophyll forest in the valleys and cloud forest on the distant plateau.

[tabrisfam]

guard wanted to take a picture idk