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#inspired by Joe’s warfare era
madelynraemunson · 5 months
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wake me up when september ends (eddie’s version)
it’s forced conforming. that’s what’s killing the kids. in hopes of a better future, eddie enlists in the military when he graduates high school.
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lunarsilkscreen · 4 months
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Why does Star Trek seem to never hit its mark?
Even today most people argue about who's a better captain; Picard or Kirk? And downsize just about every other franchise in the catalog.
Sure, the JJ Abrams Reboot was a fun action flick, but was it Star Trek? Then Seth McFarlane creates "The Orville". A seeming Parody of Star Trek, yet seemingly capturing all the elements that make Star Trek enjoyable to their fans.
Better even than most of the modern Star Treks.
I want to say here; Except ST:Picard, but I haven't watched it. It seems to capture the essence as well from outside of the Star Fleet lens.
What is it that makes Star Trek, Star Trek?
Well Roddenberry, like many men during the World War eras (and similar to Tolkien,) was in the military. Roddenberry was a pilot with the US Army Air Force.
And like many series of the time age, created a series that encapsulated his experiences with the military.
What makes Star Trek is enjoyable to what makes shows like M.A.S.H., Mission Impossible, and G.I. Joe enjoyable. Or Military films like "Red October", "Yuri", and even "A Few Good Men".
It's confused as a Space Drama, or a Space Western, when in reality; Star Trek is a military drama *set* in space.
As such, what makes the series special is not the conflict that the people are going through; but the interpersonal relationships and how the conflict affects the cast physically and mentally.
Sure there's "sci-fi tech" and shenanigans as filler. But it's always from that Military Drama perspective.
This and this Age of Exploration that the U.S.S enterprise represents harkens back to early American fiction about exploring the wild West of America. Like Lewis and Clark.
And even takes inspiration from Epics like Xena and Hercules.
Star Trek does two things for audience members. It makes them want to explore the stars. And, it makes palatable the conflicts we experience in present day earth, by remapping them to what if space scenarios.
And the focus is always on trying to find Diplomatic solutions.
Deep Space Nine was all about the later, but suffered from isolation, due to the nature of the space station. And never quote explored what it was like to feel isolated from the rest of Star Fleet.
By isolated I mean, a more home station feeling. Or even an overseas military base.
Voyager explored this isolation, but only because they were sent to the other side of the universe. And because they were on their way *home* viewed exploration as an obstacle to overcome. Instead of the expansive possibilities exploration brings, the crew is trying to return to the comfort of home.
And yet; trying to substitute the comforts of home with what they have. This is similar to a roving band of exiles, or people that have lost their home to warfare.
And yet; despite being one of my favorite Treks, still misses the mark because it often forgets what it's doing.
What makes Star Trek, Star Trek, is that it's a Military Drama in an Era of supposed peace. And exploring the conflicts that arise during peace, trying to avoid conflict as diplomaticly as possible.
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my-weird-news · 1 year
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🔥 Oppenheimer: From Nukes to Trending! 😮
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Nuclear Nonsense: A Comedy of Catastrophic Proportions Before the bomb, humanity's knack for destruction was like a sitcom that only non-humans were allowed to participate in. We're talking floods, plagues, and divine acts of cleanup on aisle Earth. Sure, we could picture Mother Nature throwing tantrums and nature's fury causing chaos, but when it came to ending the show, our role was more like a forgettable side character. No button-pushing villain who could bring down the curtain on the human race in a snap. Oh, but then along came nuclear power, and suddenly we were handed the detonator to blow up entire cities like oversized birthday cakes. Scientists, in their infinite wisdom, realized we could even accidentally set the sky ablaze while trying to flex our newfound atomic muscles. It was like giving a toddler a bazooka and hoping they wouldn't blow up the living room. And guess what? Pandora's box just threw in the towel. J. Robert Oppenheimer, the brain behind the bomb, exclaimed, "I'm now Death, the cosmic party pooper!" (Okay, maybe he said it with more gravity, but you get the gist.) Imagine the shock! Anyone from Joe Schmo to Jane Doe suddenly had the potential to turn us all into cosmic confetti. Existential crisis level: expert mode. We're talking not just the fear of instant doom but also a sense that the universe had run amok. With a deity, you could kneel and beg for mercy. But human beings? We all know how stubbornly ludicrous we can be. Even if you tried to shove thoughts of global obliteration under the mental rug, you'd be stuck with a permanent itch of anxiety, like that one popcorn kernel wedged in your teeth after the movies. Speaking of movies, Hollywood's always been the ultimate therapy couch for our fears. The bomb and its bombastic world waltzed back into our cinematic spotlight, from "Manhattan" to "Asteroid City" to "Oppenheimer: The Sequel." But this is a dance that's been going on since forever. No surprise that during the Cold War, the era of bomb-tastic paranoia, filmmakers were on a destruction binge—like Black Friday shoppers at an apocalypse megastore. Take "Fail Safe" (1964), for instance, a film where technological fiascos and nuclear whoopsies lead to an explosion of international proportions. The characters debate if wiping out the world is the ultimate way to evict Communism from the party. But hold onto your fallout shelters, because computers mess up and suddenly it's raining nukes on innocent folks. Cold War cinema was all about serious pondering of human folly, but then there's "Dr. Strangelove" (1964), Kubrick's laugh-out-loud lesson that the end of the world might just be thanks to some very anxious, very, um, inadequately equipped men. Flash-forward to the '80s. Movies like "The Day After" and "Threads" kept the nuclear anxiety fire burning. Even Japan got in on the action, producing atomic-inspired epics like "Godzilla" (not the one where he battles a pizza delivery guy, though). Amidst all the doom and gloom, some films dared to tease the edge of sanity without tumbling into the abyss. "WarGames" (1983), a tale of teenage hackers and their accidental playdate with Armageddon, stole Reagan's heart, because who doesn't enjoy a little close call with global extinction? Back in the day, nuclear threats were as common as mullets, and kids did their nuclear drills with the same gusto as they practiced fire drills. Fast forward again, and we're in a world where nuclear nightmares are as rare as unicorns, or at least as rare as functional self-checkout machines. The Soviet Union vanished, and we stopped practicing the "under the desk" Olympics. The bomb's not completely forgotten, but let's face it, these days we're more concerned about tracking our steps on Fitbits than tracking thermonuclear warfare. Still, we've made a U-turn back to the birth of our atomic playground, perhaps to deal with our modern conundrums. We're living in Oppenheimer's world, the power of the gods in our hands. It's like giving your dog the car keys and hoping they won't crash into a fire hydrant. We're swamped in the feeling that doom's a-swirlin' around every corner, which Wes Anderson's "Asteroid City" gets all too well. Bomb tests pop up like surprise birthday parties, just more explosive. And then there's "Oppenheimer," a movie that's less about biographies and more about the boom of power—atomic power, geopolitical power, power to make you question your own power lunch choices. In a nutshell, Oppenheimer's like an all-you-can-eat buffet of nuclear musings, a reflection of how we became the cosmic game masters. But here's the kicker: we tell ourselves stories about our atomic prowess that are as nutty as a squirrel on an espresso binge. We're terrified, yet we tiptoe around the dread like it's a sleeping bear. But, like any good show, the curtain must rise, and now we're caught in a web of apocalyptic worries, waiting for the grand finale. We're the gods and the end of the line, and the world's biggest punchline. 🍿🔥💣# Nuclear Nonsense: A Comedy of Catastrophic Proportions Before the bomb, humanity's knack for destruction was like a sitcom that only non-humans were allowed to participate in. We're talking floods, plagues, and divine acts of cleanup on aisle Earth. Sure, we could picture Mother Nature throwing tantrums and nature's fury causing chaos, but when it came to ending the show, our role was more like a forgettable side character. No button-pushing villain who could bring down the curtain on the human race in a snap. Oh, but then along came nuclear power, and suddenly we were handed the detonator to blow up entire cities like oversized birthday cakes. Scientists, in their infinite wisdom, realized we could even accidentally set the sky ablaze while trying to flex our newfound atomic muscles. It was like giving a toddler a bazooka and hoping they wouldn't blow up the living room. And guess what? Pandora's box just threw in the towel. J. Robert Oppenheimer, the brain behind the bomb, exclaimed, "I'm now Death, the cosmic party pooper!" (Okay, maybe he said it with more gravity, but you get the gist.) Imagine the shock! Anyone from Joe Schmo to Jane Doe suddenly had the potential to turn us all into cosmic confetti. Existential crisis level: expert mode. We're talking not just the fear of instant doom but also a sense that the universe had run amok. With a deity, you could kneel and beg for mercy. But human beings? We all know how stubbornly ludicrous we can be. Even if you tried to shove thoughts of global obliteration under the mental rug, you'd be stuck with a permanent itch of anxiety, like that one popcorn kernel wedged in your teeth after the movies. Speaking of movies, Hollywood's always been the ultimate therapy couch for our fears. The bomb and its bombastic world waltzed back into our cinematic spotlight, from "Manhattan" to "Asteroid City" to "Oppenheimer: The Sequel." But this is a dance that's been going on since forever. No surprise that during the Cold War, the era of bomb-tastic paranoia, filmmakers were on a destruction binge—like Black Friday shoppers at an apocalypse megastore. Take "Fail Safe" (1964), for instance, a film where technological fiascos and nuclear whoopsies lead to an explosion of international proportions. The characters debate if wiping out the world is the ultimate way to evict Communism from the party. But hold onto your fallout shelters, because computers mess up and suddenly it's raining nukes on innocent folks. Cold War cinema was all about serious pondering of human folly, but then there's "Dr. Strangelove" (1964), Kubrick's laugh-out-loud lesson that the end of the world might just be thanks to some very anxious, very, um, inadequately equipped men. Flash-forward to the '80s. Movies like "The Day After" and "Threads" kept the nuclear anxiety fire burning. Even Japan got in on the action, producing atomic-inspired epics like "Godzilla" (not the one where he battles a pizza delivery guy, though). Amidst all the doom and gloom, some films dared to tease the edge of sanity without tumbling into the abyss. "WarGames" (1983), a tale of teenage hackers and their accidental playdate with Armageddon, stole Reagan's heart, because who doesn't enjoy a little close call with global extinction? Back in the day, nuclear threats were as common as mullets, and kids did their nuclear drills with the same gusto as they practiced fire drills. Fast forward again, and we're in a world where nuclear nightmares are as rare as unicorns, or at least as rare as functional self-checkout machines. The Soviet Union vanished, and we stopped practicing the "under the desk" Olympics. The bomb's not completely forgotten, but let's face it, these days we're more concerned about tracking our steps on Fitbits than tracking thermonuclear warfare. Still, we've made a U-turn back to the birth of our atomic playground, perhaps to deal with our modern conundrums. We're living in Oppenheimer's world, the power of the gods in our hands. It's like giving your dog the car keys and hoping they won't crash into a fire hydrant. We're swamped in the feeling that doom's a-swirlin' around every corner, which Wes Anderson's "Asteroid City" gets all too well. Bomb tests pop up like surprise birthday parties, just more explosive. And then there's "Oppenheimer," a movie that's less about biographies and more about the boom of power—atomic power, geopolitical power, power to make you question your own power lunch choices. In a nutshell, Oppenheimer's like an all-you-can-eat buffet of nuclear musings, a reflection of how we became the cosmic game masters. But here's the kicker: we tell ourselves stories about our atomic prowess that are as nutty as a squirrel on an espresso binge. We're terrified, yet we tiptoe around the dread like it's a sleeping bear. But, like any good show, the curtain must rise, and now we're caught in a web of apocalyptic worries, waiting for the grand finale. We're the gods and the end of the line, and the world's biggest punchline. 🍿🔥💣 Read the full article
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ebaypiner · 2 years
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Sing along songs fun with music
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#Sing along songs fun with music how to#
"Jessie's Girl" and "I've Done Everything for You," the album's biggest hits, were produced by Keith Olsen, who brought in Pat Benatar's husband Neil Giraldo to handle lead guitar and bass on those songs. Most songs were produced by Springfield and recording engineer Bill Drescher. 'Why don't you come in? You've got until 8.' We'd jump in our cars and go flying down there and record. It was definitely guerrilla warfare. So we'd be hanging out at home and he'd say, 'OK, Tom Petty just finished' at 1 in the morning. "We got this deal with RCA and didn't have a budget for it. "He was a real caring guy," Springfield says. Springfield's manager, Joe Gottfried, owned the studio and let him come in at odd hours to record. Springfield had recorded the entire album at Sound City, a legendary LA studio that would become the subject of a Dave Grohl documentary. So the record company just sat on it for a while and eventually decided to release it."ĭon't miss out: The best and biggest concerts coming to metro Phoenix in August 2022 The recording of 'Working Class Dog' "Certain stations were playing Pat Benatar's first song, 'Heartbreaker.' AC/DC were getting played on the heavier stations. "Rock guitars hadn't been on pop radio for a long time," Springfield says. RCA had no idea what to do with a guitar-rock record at the tail end of the disco era, though. Hearing those guitars on "Jessie's Girl" in 1981 was just beyond refreshing. In retrospect, it's obvious that Springfield picked the perfect time to make that kind of record. "I wrote all these songs to be short, hooky and, you know, if you didn't like one, stick around there's another one coming right up," he recalls, with a laugh. "They're simple and they all have good hooks and a ton of energy." He was living in Los Angeles by then, a move inspired by the Knack, who'd topped the Hot 100 two years earlier with "My Sharona" from their double-platinum debut album "Get the Knack."īy the time he inked a deal with RCA, the songs that would end up on "Working Class Dog" had more or less been written with one goal in mind - to rock those LA clubs. A generation couldn't turn away Rick Springfield gets the Knack 'Your radio friend': This Phoenix DJ played what he liked. 1 on Billboard's Hot 100 six months later on its way to picking up a Grammy as the first of three hit singles from "Working Class Dog," the platinum triumph that established Springfield as a major artist. Released in February 1981, that song hit No. "So I took my sexual angst home and wrote 'Jessie's Girl' about her." "There was a girl in stained glass class who I was hot for but she had a boyfriend and didn't want anything to do with me," Springfield recalls. That's how he met the muse who changed his life.
#Sing along songs fun with music how to#
"I didn't think I'd get a record deal and I was looking for how to make money," Springfield says. He would learn to be a stained glass master.Ī 'massive collection of weird junk.' How Minder Binders defined Tempe culture Meeting Jessie's girl in stained glass class So he decided it was maybe time to try his hand at something he believed would be more practical.
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whatiwillsay · 4 years
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what really inspired the babe music video though...
So if you’ve read my babe mv analysis you know it’s one of the world’s loudest and best gaylor proofs in existence.  What I want to explore here however is why 5-6 years after Swiftgron was over, is Taylor digging up the grave another time to drag her ex.  
Seriously stop and think about it.  Why on God’s gay earth did Taylor decide to Swiftgron her ass off in 2018.   When she’s supposedly moved on to the London Lover and happy? The simplest explanation is that Babe is about Dianna so Taylor made sure people knew that.  And hey that’s completely possible. 
However it’s Christmas and I’m feeling generous so buckle up for some crack and reaching.  (read: this is mostly a joke post so don’t come for my neck for playing around and making it. if you don’t like it don’t read✌️)
What if Taylor painting herself as the desperate other woman in this music video all about Dianna has a meaning further than it just worked out like that?  What if Dianna was cheating on Winston with Taylor in a late stage illicit Swiftgron affair 👀👀👀????  (no I don’t think IA is about dianna, she doesn’t take runs)
Taylor said herself that “the narrative is never truly over” about her and Dianna so right after she and Karlie broke up why wouldn’t we expect a Swiftgron fling:
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Babe was released in late spring of 2018 so let’s try and pin down when this Swiftgron tomfoolery could have taken place...
We know Dianna was in London at the beginning of 2017 (with Carey Mulligan no less, a friend of Taylor’s!)
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Thanks to @swiftiesleuth​‘s (who is probably going to make fun of me for this theory but THAT’S FINE W ME) realistic Kaylor Timeline we know Taylor was hiding out in London at this point in time as well:
3 January 2017 - Taylor diaries that she’s “essentially based in London” and that “we have been together and no one has found out for three months.” (This could be three months with Joe from September 28 OR three months from Tily’s Halloween party. Either way, not Karlie).
8 January 2017 - Taylor and Zayn film the I Don’t Wanna Live Forever MV in London.
So the question is, can we build a theory about Swiftgron having a late stage affair simply because they were in the same city at the same time?  Well if Kaylors can claim Kaylor got engaged solely because Taylor was not papped while Karlie went on vacation then I say YES!  Tis the damn season!!!
Let’s look at social media clues.  Dianna seemed to be in on Rep promo.  You want proof?  Well what else could she have meant when she posted a photo captioned “please don’t eat the daisies” a few months after the London affair. We know Karlie called Taylor daisy so perhaps social media criminal mastermind Dianna “queen of shade” Agron was trying to humiliate Karlie because Karlie smirked at her at that fashion show in 2015:
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Emboldened by her own crimes she then flexed her insider knowledge of Rep promo by posting video of her singing on instagram with the caption “Zombie Love” a mere three days before Taylor appeared in the LWYMMD music video dressed as a zombie in the OOTW (a song about Dianna) dress.  Why is Taylor a zombie in specific outfit?  Because Swiftgron is back from the dead of course:
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Not only that but in the music video she buries the Taylor in the met gala dress from 2014.  She attended that met gala with Karlie.  RIP KAYLOR LONG LIVE SWIFTGRON!??!?
Now positively DRUNK with power, Dianna seems to stalk Karlie to an event only to tauntingly call her goooeeoeoeooueuueugoussssssss to her face, the queen of manipulation and psychological warfare has struck again!!!  This happens in Feb 2018 a mere matter of weeks before babe is dropped as a single.
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We of course know Dianna admits to her own commitment issues on instagram two days before Babe drops but what if she is referencing her commitment issues not with Taylor but with her husband Winston because she is cheating on him with Taylor at this point in time or did some time in 2017???
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Taylor releases babe and then later the music video seeming to be screaming to the whole world that yes she is cucking Winston Marshall and she wants you, your mom, and your cat to know about it!
Dianna voices her support of this by posting this to her IG stories at the end of May:
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We know Taylor’s symbol was a snake during the rep era and she couldn’t trust just about anyone but, Dianna was letting her know to trust in her!!!
I’ve always suspected DBATC is a Swiftgron song due to the lyrics “i look through the windows of This Love, even though we boarded them up” -that references the flood that happened in Clean that taylor says she and the London Lover (or Karlie) boarded up the windows of after the storm in CIWYW.  
I see you everywhere The only thing we share Is this small town
What if “i see you everywhere” is literal? because they’re sneaking around and actually seeing one another in a literal since?
My heart, my hips, my body, my love Trying to find a part of me that you didn't touch
Sounds like an affair to me!!!
When she says “the morning comes and you’re not my baby” she’s saying speaking present day because Dianna is still married to Winston.
and while Dianna seems to love rubbing Karlie’s face in it, like the evil villain we all know she is, Taylor likewise seems to like to rub Winston’s cuck status in his face in it since she adds a song he wrote about Dianna to her me! playlist in June of 2019:
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look at the other songs she taunts him with “glad he’s gone”, “just friends”, “hey, ma”, “open my mouth”!! she’s sick!!!
Winston has had enough of this and he and Dianna split in July of 2019 though it doesn’t go public for a year.
To add insult to injury (and to personally attack tumblr kaylors all over the world) Taylor performs false god at SNL, a song she wrote about her and Dianna’s late stage affair with Dianna in attendance. 
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So in summation, perhaps Taylor is referencing Dianna so much recently because they hooked up more recently than 2013 and that’s why Taylor paints herself as the other woman in the Babe mv and has become obsessed with adultery lately.  Because maybe Dianna was cheating on Winston with her 😌😌😌.
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ts1989fanatic · 4 years
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Taylor Swift’s folklore Isn’t a Return to Her Roots, But Somewhere She’s Never Been
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Almost a year ago, Taylor Swift released Lover, a lively course correction intended, in part, to craft a more measured and mature style for the singer, whose previous album, Reputation, had used withering sarcasm and hip-hop production elements to wage war with Swift’s crumbling, goodie-two-shoes image and the enemies poking holes in the narrative. In January’s Netflix documentary Miss Americana, which chronicled the Lover sessions and revisited key career moves in the preceding decade, Swift admitted to being driven, on a certain level, by a hunger for public approval: “My entire moral code is a need to be thought of as good,” she said. 1989’s pop turn was really a quest to be seen as the total package in music, an overcorrection for the embarrassment at the 2009 MTV VMAs. The country era before that had been a bit of an act of folksy people-pleasing, too. Lover, it seemed, was the real deal. But even that was a charm offensive of a sort, heralded by blindingly bright music videos and bustling, busy melodies.
Amid the R&B/soul underpinnings of “False God” and “I Forgot That You Existed,” the droning synths of “The Archer,” the high school melodrama of “Miss Americana and the Heartbreak Prince,” the maximalist pop radio fare of “Me!” and “You Need to Calm Down,” and the rustic repose of “Soon You’ll Get Better” and the title track, half a dozen possible Taylors emerged from the pyre on which the old Taylor burned. Again, Swift created distance between her past and present by arming herself with different toys. You could argue that the singer’s eighth album folklore, announced and released in a whirlwind 24 hours just before the weekend, is another sweeping recalibration, trading soaring melodies and effervescent production for moody, introspective folk-pop. But it undersells the true utility of this stripped affair to say it’s just a new sandbox for Taylor. What’s striking about this collection of songs is the relative lack of a fussy new sound and an obvious single. Loosed from the responsibility of piquing the audience’s interest with a rollout dotted with attention-grabbing gestures, Swift is left with just her feelings and her stories.
By challenging the very idea of what a pop song needs to bring to the table in order to make a complete statement, folklore proves that Taylor Swift doesn’t need to make as much noise to get through to us as she has in the past ten years of molting stylistic restlessness. The autumnal accompaniments, provided by the National’s Aaron Dessner alongside his brother and bandmate, Bryce, as well as Swift’s longtime production partner Jack Antonoff, are not a rejection of pop music so much as a reduction. In the quiet of a tune like “my tears ricochet,” all vocals and slowly swelling electroacoustic instruments, there’s nothing to hide behind — no loud, obvious, radio-friendly bells and whistles to elevate hit potential. A middling lyricist and melodicist wouldn’t be able to carry it. The album floats because, beneath the dramatic twists, Taylor Swift is a writer’s writer. Her stories here are more purposeful, if a little less personal. She’s obsessed not just with people falling in and out of love, but the long tail of these connections. There is a Faulknerian interest in multiple outside protagonists and in stories that span decades. The “folk” in folklore isn’t so much a statement of purpose with regard to genre as it is a signal that this is her storytelling album. The Dessners’ trademark folk-pop quietude, at least as manifested on the National’s 2019 album I Am Easy to Find, is the perfect canvas for Swift to show her wares and nod to her influences.
From the title to the music, folklore is an album about the wisdom and experience passed down through generations. On the opener “the 1,” Swift muses languidly: “You know, the greatest loves of all time are over now.” It doesn’t stop her from pining for a storybook romance of her own or gesturing to some of the great love songs in recent history in her writing. The track “the last great american dynasty” recounts the tale of the heyday of Rebekah Harkness, the ill-fated oil heiress and philanthropist whose family life was marred by suicide attempts and murder charges. “mad woman” appears to pick the story back up years later, as a nameless woman stews in spite over a life lived under public scrutiny. “epiphany” is a flashback to Swift’s grandfather’s involvement in World War II’s Operation Watchtower, the inaugural land offensive in the war against Japan and its acquisitions across the Pacific, that uses a wounded soldier’s dark night of the soul to spin a timely yarn about courage in spite of illness and the nearness of mortality. folklore uses allegory to illuminate present realities the way great American songwriters and archivists do. Swift is able to address recent troubles with music industry men and tap into the era’s chilling pulse without naming culprits, to point out the universality of American calamity without being bogged down by specifics.
While it does all that, folklore pays respects to its predecessors, left turns in rock and pop history like the Smashing Pumpkins’ Adore, a gothic folk opus borne out of death and doused in electronic atmospherics from Nitzer Ebb’s Bon Harris; Bruce Springsteen’s Tunnel of Love, the Boss’s synth-laced snapshot of a crumbling marriage and a band on the precipice of an extended hiatus; and Automatic for the People, where R.E.M. made a mint ditching the pop smarts of “Shiny Happy People” and “Stand,” fixating instead on pain and loss in a series of acoustic career highlights. It’s reductive to call Folklore the return to Taylor Swift’s roots some have been waiting for since the EDM excursions on 2012’s Red became the main thrust of 1989. It’s more like a trip to an alternate universe where Rough Trade and 4AD indie rock and dream pop acts like Mazzy Star and the Cocteau Twins played the same field as blockbuster artists of the ‘90s like the Cranberries and Sarah McLachlan. It also fulfills the promise of the Cowboy Junkies fan service in Lover’s title track and confirms the subtle, wide-reaching impact of the electroacoustic warfare at work in the recent Bon Iver albums, which is, itself, a mutant strain of ‘80s and ‘90s Americana.
It’s tempting to say that folklore is a breakup album of sorts, but it’s not necessarily obvious what Taylor Swift is breaking up with here. Is she done with Joe Alwyn, the boyfriend whose secret companionship seemed to inspire the giddier songs on Reputation and Lover? Is she through with trying to please every audience at once, pitching massive singles into the space between pop, hip-hop, and dance music? Or is she, like the rest of us, just missing a life where we could go and behave as we pleased, responding to the jarring shift in the mechanics of friendships, relationships, work life, and nightlife by sliding under her covers and playing sad songs until the outside world fades from view? Maybe she’ll tell us next year.
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It’s very strange to think of Joe Biden as a world-historical figure. For decades, he seemed to me to be a bit of an irritating blowhard who rarely took the chance to edit himself. He was a classic slap-on-the-back backroom pol, with an everyman-on-the-train vibe, who loved the ornaments of public office, and that was basically it.
Washington will always need people like Biden, and he played the part well, but he was hardly a star. He rarely inspired, he made cringe-inducing gaffe after gaffe, his vanity required him to cover up his baldness with what, for a while, looked like a painful rice-paddy of plugs, he plagiarized a speech so obviously and crudely he almost begged to be caught, and despite his rep for retail politics, was terrible at campaigning for president. In 2008, he quit after Iowa, with one percent of the vote.
His big moment came when Barack Obama picked him as his veep. And the choice of Biden was specifically designed, it seems to me, to ruffle no more feathers, and to assuage white working-class discomfort with a young, inexperienced black guy with a funny, foreign-sounding name. Even at the time, it felt to me that Biden’s acceptance speech was fine but not exactly great — but what worked nonetheless was his persona: “It’s hard not to feel affection for this scrappy old guy — especially if you’re a Catholic,” I wrote. “This was a very culturally Catholic speech, especially at the beginning, and Biden will speak to people who might be leery of this young African-American. It was also focused on middle class economic anxiety and spoke about it in intimate ways that voters will immediately understand.”
Twelve years later, this guy is even older and less scrappy but still has the same core appeal: that old Irish dude who can go on a bit but has a heart of gold and hasn’t completely disappeared into the left-liberal elite. The drastically curtailed Covid campaign was a godsend in retrospect because it removed countless opportunities for him to get in his own way, while very successfully projecting and burnishing this image. Yes he could get a bit Abraham-Simpson-y at times, but I confess I began to find that a little comforting after a while, in the era of Trump. The combination of decency, vulnerability and humanness became even more potent up against an indecent, inhuman con-man. It became the stutterer versus the monster.
And Biden’s core appeal, as he has occasionally insisted, is that he ran against the Democratic left, and won because of moderate and older black voters with their heads screwed on right. He was the least online candidate. For race-leftists like Jamelle Bouie, he was part of the problem: “For decades Biden gave liberal cover to white backlash.” For gender-warriors like Rebecca Traister, he was “a comforter of patriarchal impulses toward controlling women’s bodies.” Ben Smith a year and a half ago went for it: “His campaign is stumbling toward launch with all the hallmarks of a Jeb!-level catastrophe — a path that leads straight down … Joe Biden isn’t going to emerge from the 2020 campaign as the nominee. You already knew that.” The sheer smug of it! And the joy of seeing old Joe get the last laugh.
It’s worth recalling the obloquy the woke dumped on Biden in the early stages of the race because this will surely be a battle line if he wins the presidency, and we will have to fight for him and against them if we are not going to sink into deeper tribal warfare. He is one of the last vestiges of the near-extinct rapport between white working-class voters and the Democrats, and if he wins next week, it will be because he has wrested older white voters from the Republican grip, and won white women in a landslide (unlike Clinton), even as his support among blacks and Latinos may come in slightly behind Hillary’s.
Biden ran a campaign, in stark contrast to Clinton’s, focused not on rallying the base around identity grievances, but on persuading the other side with argument and engagement. If you believe in liberal democracy — in persuasion, dialogue, and civility — and want to resist tribalism, Biden may be our unexpected but real last chance. And in this campaign, he has walked the walk.
His core message, which has been remarkably consistent, is not a divisive or partisan one. It is neither angry nor bitter. Despite mockery and scorn from some understandably embittered partisans, he has a hand still held out if Republicans want to cooperate. In this speech at Warm Springs, where Biden invoked the legacy of FDR, you can feel the Obama vibe, so alien to the woke: “Red states, blue states, Republicans, Democrats, Conservatives, and Liberals. I believe from the bottom of my heart, we can do it. People ask me, why are you so confident Joe? Because we are the United States of America.”
And while he has promised a deep re-structuring and redistribution in the wake of Covid, climate change, and destabilizing inequality, he has done so in pragmatic, rather than ideological, terms. Against the surreal extremism and divisiveness of Trump, he has offered moderation and an appeal to unity. Look at the careful balance he has struck on the protests against police misconduct this summer: “Some of it is just senseless burning and looting and violence that can’t be tolerated and won’t, but much of it is a cry for justice from a community that’s long had a knee of injustice on their neck.” We need both these impulses, if we are to extract real reform from distorting rage, and make it stick.
He is not perfect, of course. I suspect he is naive on some questions. He realizes, does he not, that when he uses the term “equity” rather than “equality”, with respect to race, he is using code for the crudest racial discrimination. He surely knows that critical race theory is not about being sensitive to the pain of others, but about seeing the U.S. as no less a white supremacy now than under slavery, and liberal constitutionalism as a mere mask for oppression of non-whites. He knows that the Equality Act eviscerates the religious freedom he has previously championed, does he not, and folds the category of sex into one of gender, jeopardizing at the margins both gay and women’s rights? And it should be troubling, it seems to me, that, when confronted with the fact that his son, Hunter, is corrupt in the classic, legal, and swampy way, Biden refuses to see anything wrong with it at all.
But these are quibbles in the grand scheme of things. And it is striking, as David Brooks noted this morning, how deftly Biden has walked through a field of culture war landmines and not see one go off. That has taken discipline — and Biden has shown that he can exercise it. Maybe he learned it from Obama.
His closing message has been about healing — from the wounds of Covid, economic crisis, and resilient racism. And if there is one thing Biden really knows in his heart and soul it is healing. Recovering from the loss of a wife, a daughter and a son requires a profound sense of how to take the hits that life can bring, how to stay strong while accepting vulnerability, and how to move slowly forward.
This is how he put it last week, as he related to the isolating, desolating casualties of Covid19: “Alone in a hospital room, alone in a nursing home, no family, no friends, no loved ones beside them in those final moments, and it haunts so many of the surviving families, families who were never given a chance to say goodbye. I, and many of you know, what loss feels like when you lose someone you love, you feel that deep black hole opening up on your chest and you feel like you’re being swallowed into it.”
I have felt that way for four years now. What I grieve is an idea of America that is decent, generous, big-hearted, and pragmatic, where the identity of a citizen, unqualified, unhyphenated, is the only identity you need. I miss a public discourse where a president takes responsibility even for things beyond his full control, where the fault-lines of history are not mined for ammunition but for greater understanding, where, in Biden’s words, we can once again see the dignity in each other. I am not a fool, and know how hard this will be. But in this old man, with his muscle memory of what we have lost, and his ability to move and change in new ways, we have an unexpected gift.
“I’ve long said the story of America is a story of ordinary people doing extraordinary things,” Joe Biden said last week. Well, ordinary old Joe, it’s your turn now. Do the extraordinary.
ANDREW SULLIVAN
THE WEEKLY DISH
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#review #scifi Space Infantry by Dave Drake et al
#review #scifi Space Infantry by Dave Drake et al
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Space Infanty is a Military Science Fiction anthology edited by Drave Drake, Charles G. Waugh and Martin Greenberg. It contains stories by a dozen authors spanning 3 decades. In order of appearance they are:
"The Rocketeers Have Shaggy Ears," by Keith Bennett; "His Truth Goes Marching On," by Jerry Pournelle; "But as a Soldier, For His Country," by Stephen Goldin; " Soldier Boy," by Michael Shaara; "Code-Name Feirefitz," by David Drake; "The Foxholes of Mars," by Fritz Lieber;
"Conqueror," by Larry Eisenberg; "Warrior," by Gordon R. Dickson; "Message to an Alien," by Keith Laumer;
". . . Not a Prison Make," by Joseph P. Martino; "The Hero," by George R. R. Martin, and "End Game," by Joe Haldeman.
Of the lot, Joe Haldeman, Gordon R. Dickson, Jerry Pournelle and Fritz Leiber are Hugo Award winners, though not for these stories. Mr. Drake and Mr. Haldeman served in Viet Nam. Their experiences color and inform their stories. Mr. Drake once said that his Hammers Slammers stories were partly therapy. Though clumped together as "Space Infantry," these stories run a wide gamut in attitude and outlook, and they need not strictly speaking be about Infantryman at all. Anyone simply seeking simple action adventure, bang-bang-your-dead, stories may be disappointed. There is so much more here than that. Anyone looking for high quality writing should read these stories. They stand out as excellent severally and separately. The book is essential to anyone with more than a superficial interest in Military Science Fiction-- especially anyone interested in the crafting or the history of Military Sci Fi.
The Rocketeers Have Shaggy Ears Mr. Bennett's story is not so much about ground sloggers as downed rocketeers who get the job done regardless of any obstacles and who coincidentally save their corps from absorption or disbandment. The basis for the title, according to Drake, is a song-- "The Mountaineeers Have Hairy Ears," whose lyrics I'll not reproduce here, and which carries the same emotional load of the Viet Nam Era, "don't mean nothin" in the context of having just had one's eye shot out. Mr. Drake was half a generation removed from Rocketeers, as I am from Drake's Slammers. In the context of today's milieu, the story is shockingly militaristic and imperialistic, much reflective of the attitude of the times in which it was written, 1950. No consideration is given to the real estate and no quarter to the natives. AS I said, the these admitted "Sons of bi-- er, Space" get the job done. There is of course a problem with some stories written in the 1950's. The idiom is changed. Readers of today may find it difficult to relate to.
His Truth Goes Marching On Dr. Pounelle is a Politcal Scientist and this story is as much a poli-sci treatise as it is a work of military science fiction. It is of course set in the Falkenberg's Legion universe before the collapse of the Co-Dominion and the ascension of Lysander to the Spartan throne, just prior to Ace Barton and Peter Owensford signing up with Colonel Falkenberg. Don't get me wrong, there's enough army life and gun play and slogging through mud for anyone's taste. There's also betrayal and a nuke.The story is well worth the read for anyone with a brain. But you won't know the truth till you read that last couple of paragraphs.
But as a Soldier, For His Country, Quoth the author, "It's a young man's story, venting frustration at the futility and lunacy of war." It grew into the novel, The Eternity Brigade. I'm one of those people made uncomfortable by this story. But guess what-- the purpose of good writing is not to make the reader feel good. Imagine the sheer unpleasantness and daily grind of war. Then imagine the worst parts. Imagine dying in battle. Then imagine being resurrected and even copied countless times for an age, till finally you meet yourself in battle. A well wriiten reductio ad absurdum.
Soldier Boy Michael Shaara won the Pulitzer Prize for The Killer Angels, a novel about the Battle of Gettysburg. "Soldier Boy" was also made into a novel; it tells the story of the lone soldier, at a number of disadvantages, that must come to grips with a superior opponent through his native intelligence and leadership skills. It's a well crafted story about a young man coming into his own. The antagonistis remarkable. Code-Name Feirefitz Despite being in law school, David Drake was drafted to serve in Viet Nam. He eventually became a member of a Battalion Information Center with the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment. His experiences there form the basis of his Hammer's Slammers stories. The prime movers in "Code Name Feirefitz" are not the highly capable Captain Esa Mboya or his Golf Company Slammers, but two civilans. Their conflict is key to Mboya's own conflict between duty and conscience. The story contrasts the grittiness and hardness of the soldiers as they set about doing their duty with the composure and quiet persistence of Esa's brother Juma as he does his. Their dedication contrasts with the desperate selfishness of ben Khedda as he seeks to sacrifice anyone to survive. The faith of Jooma plays against that of the Kaid who will risk anything to save his people, and both stand out against the faithlessness of ben Khedda.
The Foxholes of Mars Fritz Leiber has won numerous awards-- one of the great masters of Science Fiction. Leiber's opening imagery and setting creation is masterful. Leiber's prose is deep and lush with layers of meaning. War is just the setting for a deep and not terrible pleasnt look deep into a man's soul-- the soul of a budding demagouge. I find no indication that this story won Hugo or Nebula. It should have. It's shocking that an anthology containing this story should be available for a penny. This story in and of itsself is priceless.
Conqueror Eisenber crafts his story well, creating a believable setting and a sympathetic protangonis in a story that starts out being a story about the lone foot slogger a long way from home and in need of human contact, validation of his own humanity. Ends up as a story about successful psy-ops and asymmetric warfare against an occupying force.
Warrior The first Gordon Dickson I read was the short story "Soldier Ask Not" in The Hugo Winners. Warrior is a side piece to his Childe Cycle stories, about the Dorsai general Ian Graeme. It is included in the anthology Lost Dorsai.
Though the action of the story takes place far from the battlefields of the Splinter worlds, it is full of strategy, including the principle of calculated risk, and tactics. (Including Tactics of Mistake-- this is a Graeme we're talking about.) It portrays Graeme as the Dorsai archetype-- not only the consummate soldier, but a man who would cross all of Hell and half of New York City to pay a debt for good or ill. And all the more so to exact justice forhis soldiers. Dickson's prose can be a little pompous and overbearing-- his treatment of villains a little dismissive, mere stick figures lacking depth. But then he wants Graeme to be overpowering-- to his advesaries, to the helpless bystander cops, and to the reader.
Message to an Alien Keith Laumer is a Nebula Award writer who is porbably undervalued today. His Retief stories are based on his experiecnes as a military attache in Burma. His Bolo stories were part of the inspiration for Drake's Slammers. This story is about the lone and disgraced soldier who was turned out for being righter than his superiorsthe civillian authorities could ever admit. He acts alone again and totally without anyone else's support to nip an invasion in the bud and stop a war. Laumer's disdain those with authority but lacking the sense to use it shows through. Dalton's mastery of the situation, the authoirites, and of the invaders is a pleasure to read.
. . . Not a Prison Make Martino's novelette is based on the unique premise of guerilla warfare carried out by low technology aborigines. He builds the story thoroughly, exploring the occupying forces attempts to mount an affect defence. The key is to force to the negotiating table people who have no interest in negotiations. The solution is unique to he situation, and the resolution acceptable to all. The Hero The United States has reached the point in its decadence/decay where it is sometimes more convenient to ignore its veterans and treat them with disdain then to give them the consideration and rewards they deserve. And so it is in "The Hero." Kagan serves honorably and well. When his term of enlistment is up, he demands his desserts, and his superiors balk. Can't conceive of him going to Earth. George R. R. Martin uses overstatement to drive home his point, contrasting the soldier with his bosses. In the end, it's clear that they are as dishonorable as he is honorable, as undeserving of his service as anyone could be.
End Game Joe Haldeman won an award for The Forever War. In the End Game, we find out what it was all for. Time has past. A lot of time has past, and Man is more like the Taurans than veterans like Marygay and William. There's a place for people like them called Middle Finger, heh heh. Anyone familiar with The Forever War knows Haldeman is a great writer, that he despises the stupidity and waste of war, and that he makes his case very well.
Image cover art under fair use for the review. Contact publisher for reuse.
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anthonybialy · 6 years
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Headed Red
What is socialism?  The fact that that we even have to clarify means we've already lost.  Humans already have a definitive answer, as indicated by ceaseless soreness. Widespread destruction in every form is guaranteed by mandatory sharing despite what Twitter geniuses and lauded Democratic candidates claim.  But that's never stopped anyone from thinking we can collectivize our way to happiness.  There's no opting out, comrade.  Ignoring math and pain is one way to convince voters.  
Sure, trying to throw everyone's money into the center ruined the 20th century.  But who's to say those primitive idiots possessed the compassion to make it work?  Those cavemen didn't even have smartphones.  All it took to will amazing inventions into being was the commune believing strongly.
Who's ready to not learn about cause and effect?  It can't be Friday's tequila making you thirsty on Saturday, as consuming it meant swallowing lots of fluids, silly.  America is too wealthy to have poverty, claim those who's toxic ideology would make same wealth disappear.  The lesson of leaving behind a hundred years of agony and warfare is apparently to go for it back-to-back.  Make every decade similarly agonizing for true socialistic parity.
I guess liberalism isn't as bad as forced state ownership.  Doing something stupid in a slightly less intense way still doesn't make it wise.  Communism is licking the hot pan slightly longer.  Che aficionados would never do something so heinous as they assure you the glowing red color means cherry flavor.
Although zealous tweets don't feature subtleties, there's a difference between a welfare state and state ownership.  I may have overreacted when I called every federal program a Khmer Rouge-themed nightmare.  At the same time, the person too smug to check assertions routinely cites Scandinavia as proof having one big income works as ABBA-centric nations ditch central control.   I'd propose détente if it could be heard above the shrieking.
I'll humbly admit the Department of Education's existence may not in fact be the equivalent to establishing a people's republic.  But like how racism against honky crackers is still awful while not as historically noxious, something can be bad even if there are worse things by comparison.
It's easy to use an epithet like socialism as shorthand for mandatory bankrupting lunacy.  It's fun, too.  Political commentators would never overreact when branding an item they scorn or anything, but noting what fails is possible without melodramatic exaggeration.
You can be worried about the flames before your skin starts to melt. Alarmists complain about socialism because it feels like the apparatus is moving in that direction.  Take how Obamacare was nothing but a way to straddle on the way to single-payer.  The inspirational money pit of agony was created by those too chicken to admit they want the government to run everything.  I understand their concealed concern but wish they'd turn that humiliation into introspection.
With accuracy in mind, reserve calling something socialist for when the government owns much of the stuff or when it's just really funny.  Speaking of laughing, your rulers are so good at running businesses.  Sure, every attempt ever went as badly as rebooting Ghostbusters.  But that's just because greedy capitalists think Bill Murray can't be replaced by a lady.
True socialism has never been tried.  In the same sense, true weight loss by chugging a bottle of maple syrup has yet to be attempted.  The purported impossibility of bringing the system into being should tell you everything you need to know.  Meanwhile, the free market referee just needs to roll out the ball.
Please disavow the lightness of interference that actually works while maintaining faith in a theory that runs counter to everything we know about human nature.  Of course, this is an era where gender is a decision and liking another culture means appropriating it, so act like it's fun to learn anew.
What does the doctor know about calling delicious bleach harmful to drink? Fill your coffee pot decanter with it to show him what fools miss. It'd be easier to think of our socialist pals as innocent goofs if they weren't so strident about believing poisonous tenants everyone else recognizes as sources of misery.  Those too lazy to oppress by running a business have convinced themselves the precise opposite of every instinct and example is incorrect.  Ignorance is the best defense.  Customers can decide whether the line at Trader Joe's or the DMV goes more smoothly.
Historically silly programs may not mean we're about to turn into East Germany.  I'm still going to point out which direction people we're escaping over the Berlin Wall.  Let's make a deal: we won't call every preposterous federal program socialism if federalization fans stop acting like the choice is between socialism and unpaved roads.  We can have some government, I guess, if we must.
That's about enough of confiscating liberty in the hive's name.  Who doesn't realize that most others are jerks?  Taking what's yours is necessary to be altruistic.  It's easy with money from others.  Big-government schemes naturally appeal to the envious.  Pretend it's selfless to take stuff.
If you truly believe in science, heed the results of countless experiments that showed what happens when pretending we should all own everything.  Use any term you'd like and we're still going to end up broke and listless.  Socialism means everyone's as dejected.  Finally: equality!
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thisdaynews · 4 years
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BREAKING:World powers cheerful of new era with America.
New Post has been published on https://thebiafrastar.com/breakingworld-powers-cheerful-of-new-era-with-america/
BREAKING:World powers cheerful of new era with America.
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WORLD pioneers responded to Biden’s initiation by offering congrats, moving for position at the cutting edge of his international strategy plan, and sometimes arguing for the inversion of his archetype’s strategies.
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Among most messages was a tangible good feeling, as the worldwide local area grasped Biden’s vow to return a progression of worldwide agreements and associations that President Donald Trump cut free
Nigeria
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President Muhammadu Buhari said the introduction of the 46th President of the United States of America (USA), and his representative, Kamala Harris, would be a solid purpose of participation among Nigeria and their country.
In his complimentary message to the new American Presidency, President Buhari communicated the expectation that their coming would bring a period of extraordinary inspiration between the two nations and surely with the whole African mainland.
In an articulation by his Senior Special Assistant on Media and Publicity, Mallam Garba Shehu, the President saluted the pioneers, and whole country on the effective change, which denotes a significant recorded intonation point for vote based system as an arrangement of government and for the worldwide local area in general.
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“We anticipate the Biden administration with incredible expectation and good faith for reinforcing of existing agreeable connections, cooperating to handle worldwide psychological warfare, environmental change, neediness and improvement of financial ties and extension of exchange.
“We trust that this will be a time of incredible energy between our two countries, as we together location issues of shared interest,” the President added.
President Buhari and all Nigerians cheer with President Joe Biden, sharing the pleased inclination that the primary lady chose Vice President of the United States has an African and Asian lineage.
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European Union
“By and by, in the wake of four difficult years, Europe has a companion in the White House,” European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said on Wednesday, leaving no vulnerability about her decision on Trump’s relationship with the coalition.
“This new first light in America is the second we’ve been sitting tight for such a long time. Europe is prepared for another beginning with our most established and most confided in accomplice,” she said in the European Parliament in Brussels, Belgium.
Trump has destroyed America&#39’s most significant collusion. The crack with Europe could require a long time to fix
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Trump has destroyed America’s most significant union. The fracture with Europe could require a long time to fix
Von der Leyen said Biden’s introduction would “be a message of recuperating for a profoundly separated country and it will be a message of expectation for a world that is trusting that the US will be back in the hover of similarly invested states.”
Biden has flagged a hotter organization with Europe than Trump, who as often as possible censured the EU on exchange during his organization. His assaults on some European chiefs prompted cold scenes at various highest points.
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“From our point of view, Trump considered Europe to be a foe,” a senior European negotiator revealed to CNN a week ago. “The enduring effect of ‘America First’ is the US having less companions in Europe.”
China
Hours before the initiation, Beijing communicated trust that Biden would “take a gander at China soundly and dispassionately” to fix “genuine harm” in two-sided ties brought about by the Trump administration.
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“In the previous four years, the US organization has committed crucial errors in its essential impression of China … meddling in China’s inward issues, stifling and spreading China, and making genuine harm China-US relations,” unfamiliar service representative Hua Chunying said at a press preparation Wednesday.
The Biden organization ought to, Hua stated, “take a gander at China judiciously and dispassionately, meet China midway and, in the soul of common regard, equity and shared advantage, push China-US relations back to the correct track of solid and stable advancement as quickly as time permits.”
One of the fundamental boards of Trump’s international strategy stage has been his exchange battle with China. The Trump organization’s eleventh hour assertion that China is submitting destruction against Uyghur Muslims will increase pressures with Beijing, however Biden’s candidate for Secretary of State said Tuesday that he concurred with the assignment.
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“In the event that the enhanced US organization can receive a more reasonable and dependable mentality in detailing its international strategy, I figure it will be energetically invited by everybody in the global local area,” she added.
Iran
Iran’s President, Hassan Rouhani, approached Biden to re-visitation of the 2015 atomic arrangement and lift US sanctions on Iran, toppling a critical piece of Trump’s international strategy program.
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“The ball is in the US’ court now. On the off chance that Washington re-visitations of Iran’s 2015 atomic arrangement, we will likewise completely regard our responsibilities under the settlement,” Rouhani said in a broadcast bureau meeting.
He likewise dispatched a searing assault on the ex-President. A “despot’s time reached a conclusion and today is the last day of his inauspicious rule,” Rouhani said of Trump’s flight. “Somebody for whom the entirety of his four years bore no natural product other than treachery and debasement and messing up his own kin and the world.”
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Biden has said he intends to re-visitation of the atomic arrangement with Iran, which was marked when he was Barack Obama’s Vice President. Biden’s public security assistants have proposed they might want further exchanges on Iran’s ballistic rocket abilities, however Rouhani has said the rocket program is non-debatable.
Germany
The German President said he was assuaged that Biden would be confirmed Wednesday, calling it “a decent day for vote based system.”
“In the United States, (majority rule government) held facing a great deal of pressing factor,” Frank Walter Steinmeier said in a proclamation.
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“In spite of inside antagonism, America’s foundations have demonstrated solid — political decision laborers, lead representatives, legal executive, and Congress,” he said. “I’m eased that Joe Biden is confirmed as President today and coming into the White House. I realize that this inclination is shared by numerous individuals in Germany.”
Steinmeier likewise cautioned against the egalitarian brand of legislative issues that Trump grasped. “Regardless of all the delight we have about today, we should not fail to remember that populism has lured even the most impressive vote based system on the planet,” he said. “We should steadfastly contradict polarization, ensure and fortify the public space of our majority rules systems, and shape governmental issues based on explanation and realities.”
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Joined Kingdom
English Prime Minister Boris Johnson said he was anticipating a cozy relationship with Biden’s organization.
“In our battle against Covid and across environmental change, protection, security and in advancing and shielding vote based system, our objectives are the equivalent and our countries will work inseparably to accomplish them,” Johnson said in a proclamation Tuesday.
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Boris Johnson will would like to make sure about a post-Brexit economic agreement with Biden’s organization.
Johnson heartily invited Trump on his visits to the UK, with Trump once guaranteeing that the Prime Minister was nicknamed “England Trump.” But the active US pioneer was disliked among Britons, and Johnson will be quick to make sure about a post-Brexit economic alliance with Biden.
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The new President could wind up making two outings to the UK in 2021, with Johnson saying he anticipates inviting him to the G7 culmination and to the long awaited 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow, Scotland. “Just through global collaboration can we genuinely beat the shared difficulties which we face,” Johnson said on Tuesday.
Scotland’s First Minister, Nicola Sturgeon, was more obtuse in her comments in the Scottish Parliament on Wednesday. Sturgeon wished Biden and Kamala Harris well, adding: “I’m certain a considerable lot of us across the chamber and across Scotland will be exceptionally glad to express cheerio to Donald Trump today.”
“I think ‘don’t scurry ye back’ may be the ideal reply to him,” she added.
Mexico
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Mexico’s President Andrés Manuel López Obrador, wished Biden well in front of his introduction on Wednesday.
During his every day preparation, López Obrador laid out three subjects as key regions of the reciprocal relationship with the US. “Those three subjects are vital: pandemic, financial recuperation and relocation,” he said.
López Obrador additionally said Biden should find a way to settle the migration status of Mexicans working in the U.S.
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dailynewswebsite · 4 years
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Why retired generals rarely lead the Pentagon
President-elect Joe Biden has introduced his intent to appoint retired Gen. Lloyd Austin to be secretary of protection. AP Photograph/Susan Walsh
By all accounts, retired Military Gen. Lloyd Austin, President-elect Joe Biden’s choose to steer the U.S. Protection Division, is eminently certified to be secretary of protection. A person who achieved the rank of four-star basic and succeeded at each flip throughout his 40-year profession, Austin displayed valor and braveness whereas serving the nation for practically half a century.
Sarcastically, although, Austin’s prolonged army profession has created a sticking level in his affirmation course of. The legislation requires a service member to be out of uniform for a minimum of seven years earlier than assuming the civilian position of secretary of protection.
Austin left the Military simply over 4 years in the past, making him technically ineligible for the put up. Congress must waive the ready interval so as to affirm him, one thing it has solely finished twice since 1947, most lately in 2017.
Austin’s nomination is historic. He could be the primary African American to steer the nation’s army institution, a step towards broadening the Pentagon’s largely white male management ranks.
But the truth that Austin’s intensive army expertise is clouding his prospects raises the query of why the seven-year delay exists within the first place.
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Retired Gen. Lloyd Austin is anticipated to be nominated to function Joe Biden’s secretary of protection. U.S. Central Command, by way of Wikimedia Commons
Civilian management over the army
The formal authorized delay dates from the top of World Struggle II, however the idea behind it harks again to the nation’s origins and lies on the coronary heart of the American army custom.
The Founders had personally skilled an empire’s use of a standing military and subsequently considered massive army forces because the hallmark of authoritarianism and an inherent risk to democracy. They believed that generals’ affect over how armies are used should at all times be subordinate to these officers straight accountable to the individuals.
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The nation’s first secretary of warfare was Henry Knox, a former bookseller turned army commander within the Revolution. Gilbert Stuart, by way of Wikimedia Commons
Samuel Adams wrote in 1768 that “even when there’s a necessity of the army energy, inside a land, a sensible and prudent individuals will at all times have a watchful and jealous eye over it.” In 1776, the Virginia Declaration of Rights asserted that “in all circumstances, the army needs to be underneath strict subordination to, and ruled by, civil energy.” That doc grew to become an inspiration for the Declaration of Independence and, later, a mannequin for the Invoice of Rights.
When it got here to the Structure, the Founders particularly prescribed civilian management over the army by assigning the president the position of commander-in-chief whereas giving Congress the facility to set the army’s guidelines and price range.
Within the wake of World Struggle II, Congress fearful that the American public had more and more fallen underneath the spell of charismatic generals like Douglas MacArthur, shopping for into the argument that higher autonomy needs to be given to the heroic captains of battle. As MacArthur noticed issues, the prerogative of confirmed warriors shouldn’t be checked by civilians who know nothing of warfare.
Congress disagreed and created the ready interval to restrict profession army officers’ eligibility to run the newly created Division of Protection. A 10-year hole in service – later shortened to seven years – would enable a basic’s “star to fade” to an appropriate stage, lowering their affect over the general public.
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Chuck Hagel, secretary of protection underneath Barack Obama from 2013 to 2015, was a veteran however not a profession member of the army. Monica King, U.S. Military/Division of Protection, by way of Wikimedia Commons
Many protection secretaries have been veterans however not profession troopers – like Chuck Hagel, who had been a soldier within the Vietnam Struggle in 1967 and 1968, a long time earlier than he led the Pentagon for President Barack Obama from 2013 to 2015. Others have been students, politicians and leaders of enterprise or business, like James Forrestal, appointed the primary protection secretary in 1947, who had labored on Wall Road earlier than becoming a member of the federal government.
Their management abilities and expertise had been developed a minimum of as a lot outdoors the army as inside it.
‘A specialised society separate from civilian society’
As a serious within the Military Nationwide Guard, I’m accustomed to the mentality of profession army officers.
Throughout my practically 20 years as a army lawyer, I’ve by no means heard a senior officer inform a superior she or he couldn’t accomplish a mission. Within the thoughts of a colonel or basic, there may be actually nothing that can not be achieved with a well-disciplined group of troopers, good ways and an ample provide of funding and tools.
This may-do perspective is a part of the profession officer mentality – however so is a sure intolerance for dissenting opinions. The foundational premise of army administration is a unity of command and a single voice of authority. Senior officers sometimes have little endurance for opposing views or consensus-building. Variety of thought shouldn’t be celebrated; contrarian views aren’t welcome.
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Because the Supreme Court docket has noticed, “the army is, by necessity, a specialised society separate from civilian society.” It’s an establishment that has “developed legal guidelines and traditions of its personal throughout its lengthy historical past,” a physique the place, ultimately, the “legislation is that of obedience.”
May Austin obtain the third waiver?
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George Marshall, the primary U.S. five-star basic within the 20th century, later served as secretary of protection – however just for a yr. U.S. Division of Protection, by way of Wikimedia Commons
Retired Gen. George Marshall acquired the primary waiver of the ready interval in 1950. Marshall made a candid commentary through the nomination course of: “As a second lieutenant, I believed we might by no means get wherever within the Military except a soldier was secretary of warfare. As I grew a bit older and served via a few of our army historical past … I got here to the mounted conclusion that he ought to by no means be a soldier.”
Thought of uniquely certified to supervise U.S. forces within the Korean Struggle, Marshall was finally confirmed on the situation his tenure could be restricted to 1 yr. Congress said on the time that “no extra appointments of army males to that workplace shall be authorised.”
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Retired Gen. James Mattis was the second profession army officer to obtain a waiver of a ready interval between his uniformed service and changing into the secretary of protection. U.S. Division of Protection, by way of Wikimedia Commons
It took practically 70 years for the second waiver to be granted, to retired Gen. James Mattis in 2017. His affirmation confronted early resistance from senators, particularly Democrats, as a result of Mattis had left the Marines simply 4 years earlier. In reluctantly voting to substantiate Mattis, Sen. Jack Reed, a Rhode Island Democrat on the Senate Armed Providers Committee, cautioned that “waiving the legislation ought to occur not more than as soon as a era.”
Austin is now poised to turn into the third recipient of a waiver. He professes to have acquired a civilian mindset since leaving lively obligation, however the rationale underlying the ready interval stays as important and related as ever.
“An Military shouldn’t be a deliberative physique,” the Supreme Court docket as soon as noticed.
Giving profession members of this physique the authority to resolve how America’s blood and treasure are spent needs to be the exception, not the rule.
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Dr. Dwight Stirling is a reserve JAG officer within the California Nationwide Guard. The views expressed on this article are his personal and don’t essentially mirror the official coverage or place of any company.
from Growth News https://growthnews.in/why-retired-generals-rarely-lead-the-pentagon/ via https://growthnews.in
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2whatcom-blog · 6 years
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Albert Finney, Chameleon-Like Star of Stage and Display, Dies at 82
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The British legend acquired 5 Oscar nominations and starred in such movies as 'Tom Jones,' 'The Dresser' and 'Erin Brockovich.' Albert Finney, the esteemed British actor and five-time Oscar nominee identified for his shape-shifting work in such movies as Tom Jones, The Dresser, Homicide on the Orient Categorical and Erin Brockovich, has died. He was 82. Finney's household advised the Related Press on Friday that he "handed away peacefully after a brief sickness with these closest to him by his facet." The actor was recognized with kidney most cancers in 2007. One of many godfathers of recent British cinema, Finney combined movie, TV and stage performances all through a standout profession that spanned six many years. He by no means succumbed to the attract of display stardom and was given BAFTA's Academy Fellowship award (the equal of a lifetime Oscar) in 2001. The stressed actor additionally gained an Emmy for portraying Winston Churchill reverse Vanessa Redgrave as his spouse within the 2002 BBC-HBO telefilm The Gathering Storm. The Academy of Movement Image Arts and Sciences bestowed greatest actor Oscar noms on Finney for enjoying the bawdy title character in one of the best image winner Tom Jones (1963), directed by frequent collaborator Tony Richardson; for his work because the mysterious Belgian detective Hercule Poirot in Sidney Lumet's Homicide on the Orient Categorical; for his efficiency as a temperamental, fading actor in Peter Yates' The Dresser (1983); and for starring as an alcoholic British consul in Beneath the Volcano (1984), helmed by John Huston. Finney acquired one other Oscar nom, for greatest supporting actor, for portraying the crusading California environmental lawyer Ed Masry in Erin Brockovich (2000). But for all his nominations, he by no means as soon as attended the Academy Awards ceremony. "It is a lengthy technique to go simply to take a seat in a non-drinking, non-smoking setting on the off-chance your identify is known as," he advised The Telegraph in 2011. Maybe the actor's showiest position was because the Prohibition-era Irish gangster Leo O'Bannon within the Coen brothers' Miller's Crossing (1990), the place he fought off an ambush amid the strains of "Danny Boy." He additionally performed the bald and curmudgeonly Daddy Warbucks for Huston in Annie (1982). David Lean initially chosen him for the title position in Lawrence of Arabia (1962), however Finney turned it down as a result of it required him to signal a multiyear studio contract. The half in one of many best movies ever made went to, after all, Peter O'Toole. Extra not too long ago, Finney portrayed the evil psychologist Albert Hirsch within the Jason Bourne motion pictures launched in 2007 and 2012 and was seen because the Scottish gamekeeper Kincade within the 2012 James Bond installment Skyfall. That may mark his remaining onscreen look. Legendary for his Shakespearean prowess, he additionally acquired Tony Award nominations in 1964 and 1968 for his work in Luther (as Martin Luther) and A Day within the Dying of Joe Egg, respectively. Finney's respect for appearing, somewhat than the trimmings of superstar — he turned down provides for a CBE and a knighthood — allowed him to hunt out elements for his or her character depth somewhat than the notoriety they may deliver him. Usually, he was unrecognizable below make-up or in costume, and he was identified for his mastery of accents. The son and grandson of bookmakers, Albert Finney Jr. was born on Could 9, 1936, in Salford, close to Manchester. His childhood residence was broken by German bombs throughout World Warfare II.
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Albert Finney Finney graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Artwork in 1955 and early on served as an understudy to Laurence Oliver. Whereas filling in on stage for the famed actor within the title position in Coriolanus, he attracted discover and movie provides. Finney made his first characteristic look alongside Olivier in The Entertainer (1960) below Richardson, for whom he additionally ceaselessly labored within the theater. Within the "kitchen sink" drama Saturday Evening and Sunday Morning (1960), he performed the anti-hero Arthur Seaton, an offended manufacturing unit employee mired in an setting not in contrast to the one he skilled throughout his working-class upbringing. Finney was thought-about one among most proficient performers to return out of Britain in his nation's '60s cinema heyday, however that didn't damper his enthusiasm for the theater, and he continued to carry out on U.Okay. levels, taking the lead in King Lear and Hamlet. "After I labored these years on the Nationwide Theatre," Finney advised The New York Occasions in 1983, "folks had been at all times saying that I might have been in Hollywood making this or that sum of money. However you should retain the power to do what you wish to do. I do not wish to be a sufferer of supporting a way of life that it's a must to get enormous salaries to assist — even in case you do issues for nothing." After he gained fame for his efficiency because the privileged 18th century seducer in Tom Jones, he put his profession on maintain to go crusing for a yr. Finney additionally starred in Stanley Donen's Two for the Street (1967), wherein he performed Audrey Hepburn's husband throughout three durations of their lives as they journey round Europe. (The 2 had been reportedly concerned romantically throughout filming.) That very same yr, he additionally made his directorial debut in Charlie Bubbles (1967), starring reverse Liza Minnelli as a person going through midlife doldrums as effectively. His different characteristic credit embrace Stephen Frears' Gumshoe (1971), Wolfen (1981), Looker (1981), Shoot the Moon (1982), Wealthy in Love (1992), The Browning Model (1994), A Man of No Significance (1994), Breakfast of Champions (1999), Site visitors (2000), Massive Fish (2003), Ridley Scott's A Good Yr (2006) and Lumet's final movie, Earlier than the Satan Is aware of You are Useless (2007). On tv, he took on a demanding array of characters, taking part in the title position within the 1984 CBS telefilm Pope John Paul II after which the sexually promiscuous proprietor of a rustic inn in a 1990 BBC miniseries, The Inexperienced Man. In 1977, Finney recorded an album of folks ballads that was launched by Motown, and his life was mentioned to function an inspiration for an additional famed Manchester native, singer Morrissey. Finney was married to English actress Jane Wenham from 1957-61, to French actress Anouk Aimee (Oscar-nominated for A Man and a Lady, she left him for actor Ryan O'Neal) from 1970-78 and to journey agent Penelope Delmage since 2006. She survives him, as does a son, veteran digicam operator Simon Finney. Read the full article
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xtruss · 3 years
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China, Pakistan Partner in Afghanistan Against Foe U.S. Denies Exists
— By Tom O'Connor | June 3, 2021 | Newsweek
China and Pakistan are looking to bolster their strategic partnership in Afghanistan, where the withdrawal of U.S. troops after two decades of warfare is set to bring along new opportunities and uncertainties, among them the question of a common foe that the United States says does not exist.
Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi and Pakistani Foreign Minister Mahmoud Shah Qureshi presided Thursday over the fourth trilateral dialogue between their countries and Afghanistan, a mutual neighbor where conflict has raged between a U.S. and NATO-backed government and the Taliban movement.
Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin described the forum a day earlier as "an important platform for the three parties to enhance mutual trust and promote cooperation."
This year's annual meeting, hosted by China, is the first since President Joe Biden announced earlier this year that U.S. troops would leave the country by September 11, the 20th anniversary of the 9/11 attacks that prompted the U.S. intervention against Al-Qaeda, then the Taliban's partner in Afghanistan. The exit is based upon a fragile peace deal between the U.S. and the Taliban, and is proceeding despite lingering violence that Beijing seeks to address, working with Islamabad and Kabul.
"At present, the unilateral withdrawal of U.S. and NATO troops at the critical stage of the peace and reconciliation process in Afghanistan has brought uncertainties to Afghanistan's domestic situation and regional security landscape," Wang said. "As neighbors, friends and partners sharing not just common mountains and rivers, but also weal and woe, China, Afghanistan and Pakistan aspire to maintain regional peace and stability."
Wang said the three countries were "expected to reach positive consensus and inject impetus into regional peace, stability and development."
Anxieties surround the precarious position of the Afghan government as it faces continued clashes with the Taliban and others forces as the U.S. military withdraws. But it's not the Taliban that Pakistan sees as the greatest threat to the country.
Other ultraconservative forces, including another Taliban movement known as Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU), and the East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM), a Uighur group that seeks to establish a separatist caliphate and oust the Chinese Communist Party from Central Asia, are all of concern to Pakistan.
"These are the real threats of regional and international terrorism that exist in Afghanistan," Pakistani permanent representative to the United Nations Munir Akram told Newsweek. "So the major thing is we have to attack and to eliminate this new threat that is emerging."
While the senior Pakistani diplomat said his country has banded together with the U.S. as well as China and Russia to support the political process in Afghanistan, he hoped that the broader geopolitical rift straining ties between Washington and Beijing would not stymy multilateral efforts.
As relations between the world's top two powers continued to deteriorate last November under former President Donald Trump, then-Secretary of State Mike Pompeo announced in November—just two days after the U.S. election began and as votes were still being counted—that ETIM's designation as a "terrorist organization" under the Immigration and Nationality Act would be revoked.
The Biden administration has shown no interest in relisting the group and has, at the same time, carried on the Trump administration-era branding of China's internment of Uighurs in so-called vocational education and training centers in Xinjiang as a "genocide."
"There's some concern about the delisting of ETIM and, in parallel, the depiction of what is happening in Xinjiang genocide," Akram said. "We hope that these two moves are not connected. It would be a matter of concern that there is a strategic aspect to that, because it could be bad news."
However, some in the new U.S. administration have established just such a link between the decision on ETIM and a changing outlook on China.
A State Department spokesperson told Newsweek that "ETIM was removed from the list because, for more than a decade, there has been no credible evidence that ETIM continues to exist."
Rather, U.S. officials suspected a Chinese plot to exaggerate the group's influence to justify the policies being pursued toward Uighurs in Xinjiang and abroad.
"We assess that ETIM is now a broad label China uses to inaccurately paint a variety of Uighur actors, including non-violent activists and advocates for human rights, as terrorist threats," the spokesperson said. "China often labels individuals and groups as terrorists on the basis of their political and religious beliefs, even if they do not advocate violence."
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A demonstrator wearing a mask painted with the colors of the flag of East Turkestan takes part in a protest by supporters of the Uighur minority on April 1 at Beyazid square in Istanbul, Turkey. The U.S. has alleged that up to one million Uighurs were have been interned by China in camps that Beijing has argued that were intended to root out extremism. Ozan Kose/AFP/Getty Images
ETIM's history is deeply intertwined with that of Al-Qaeda, though the extent of their relationship remains a source of debate. Both were founded in the late 1980s and drew inspiration from the mujahideen war against a Soviet-backed communist government in Afghanistan, a campaign that received backing from both the U.S. and Pakistan at the time.
Pakistan would also be among the few countries to recognize the Taliban's new de facto Islamic Emirate established after the group rose to power amid Afghanistan's 1990s civil war. This recognition was ultimately rescinded after 9/11 and the U.S. "War on Terror" that continues in various forms across the globe to this day.
As conflict consumed Afghanistan, ETIM played a key role orchestrating unrest across the border in China's Xinjiang, including deadly riots and attacks that were met with an increasingly severe crackdown by Chinese authorities utilizing mass surveillance and internment.
The U.S. also pursued ETIM, targeting the group throughout the war in Afghanistan, including as recently as 2018, and some ethnic Uighurs allegedly associated with the group were interned at Guantanamo Bay Detention Center, though U.S. officials have reported little on its Afghanistan presence in recent years. But ETIM has emerged elsewhere, including Syria's Idlib, where instability has also given fertile ground for militant groups.
The U.S. often highlights the top threats today in both Syria and Afghanistan as being the Islamic State militant group (ISIS) and Al-Qaeda.
Akram, however, said that when it comes to Afghanistan, it is Al-Qaeda, not ETIM, that "is virtually non-existent," while ISIS' local branch, ISIS-K, is "also a relatively diminished threat," as even the Taliban had turned against them.
The divergence between the U.S. and Pakistani points of view on counterterrorism runs deep.
The State Department's latest counterterrorism report, published last year and referred to Newsweek by the spokesperson, credited Pakistan for helping to foster the U.S.-Taliban talks that ultimately resulted in a peace agreement. The report acknowledged that the country "took modest steps in 2019 to counter terror financing and to restrain some India-focused militant groups" following a deadly February 2019 strike by Pakistan-based Jaish-e-Mohammed against Indian security personnel in the India-administered side of disputed Kashmir.
"Thus far, however, Islamabad has yet to take decisive actions against Indian- and Afghanistan-focused militants who would undermine their operational capability," the report found.
Akram has denied that Pakistan enabled such groups, and argued it was India that has allowed and even sponsored attacks against Pakistan using Afghan soil. The has charge been routinely rejected by New Delhi, which has grown close to Washington as part of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue alongside Australia and Japan, a gathering that has also elicited concerns from China as a potential rival coalition.
The State Department report references "terrorist groups targeting Pakistan" while operating from the Afghan-Pakistani border, but does not ascribe any foreign backing to such groups.
As for ETIM, the State Department cast criticism on Beijing, saying "China's CT efforts continue to focus primarily on 'extremists' whom Beijing ascribes to the so-called East Turkistan Islamic Movement, despite a lack of independent evidence that a group by that name is still active."
"The Chinese government has detained more than one million Uyghurs, ethnic Kazakhs, and other members of Muslim minority groups in internment camps in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, using counterterrorism as a pretext," the report said.
ETIM remains listed as a terrorist organization by China, the European Union, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Russia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United Nations.
As Washington doubled down on its rhetoric regarding Xinjiang, Chinese officials have mounted their own campaign to defend their country's policies.
In an article published last week, Chinese ambassador to Finland Chen Li noted that the "genocide" label was first brought to official U.S. usage by Pompeo "on the very last day of his term," claiming it was part of a last-minute slew of radical foreign policy decisions.
"It was based on reports fabricated by some extremist anti-China individuals who haven't been to Xinjiang for years and accounts of a few so-called witnesses who were proved to be trained 'actors' and 'actresses,'" Chen alleged.
"Some of them," Chen alleged "are associated with East Turkestan forces," and therefore "such accusations call into question the political purposes behind them."
The U.S. and its Western allies, especially Australia and the United Kingdom, have hosted a series of investigations and testimonials that China has sought to discredit regarding the situation in Xinjiang. One such event was launched Thursday in Westminster, London by a group called the Uyghur Tribunal, led by U.K. barrister Geoffrey Nice.
Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin assailed the exhibition and its organizers during a press conference that same day.
"This so-called 'tribunal' has nothing to do with the law," Wang said. "It attempts to run in the name of 'tribunal' to engage in anti-China political and public opinion manipulation. This is nothing but an insult to the law."
"The 'trial' in question staged by this group of people will carry no more weight than a show," he added. "Such behavior of trifling with the law will only make it easier for the world to see through the despicable lies and rumors relating to Xinjiang."
Asked by Newsweek last month about U.S. motivations, Xu Hairong, who serves as secretary for the Chinese Communist Party Urumqi Municipal Committee, took it a step further and suggested there was a clear "ulterior motive," and showed media clips displaying an alleged plot to incite unrest in Xinjiang as a result of its importance to China's oil and gas infrastructure and its proximity to Afghanistan.
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Border defense units of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Xinjiang Military Command and Pakistan Armed Forces Khunjerab Security Force salute before a joint patrol in northwest China's Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region on June 26, 2018. Chinese People’s Libration Army
But as the debate over Xinjiang continues to play out, the U.S., China and Pakistan still see value in working together on what all three see as a very real conflict in Afghanistan. Joined by Russia, the three countries met in April for the first time under Biden as part of the quadrilateral "extended troika," which produced a 14-point joint statement expressing a commitment to striving for peace and stability in Afghanistan.
The State Department also sees mutual benefit in continuing this format.
"The United States, Russia, China, and Pakistan all share a common interest in combatting terrorism," the State Department spokesperson told Newsweek. "The extended Troika, consisting of these countries, has proven to be a productive grouping for coordinating international efforts to reach a just and durable political settlement in Afghanistan that also ensures terrorist groups and individuals do not use Afghan soil to threaten the security of any other country."
Beyond even these countries, the spokesperson said that the international community in general "sees that the people of Afghanistan urgently deserve peace and have shared security concerns as well." As such, the U.S. "is willing to work with a range of countries as long as they wish to play a constructive role in a secure and stable future for Afghanistan, including in the fight against terrorism."
Akram affirmed to Newsweek Pakistan's commitment to working with regional countries to combat militant groups. However, he emphasized that the threat had to be expanded to include the "conglomerate" involving elements of ISIS-K, TPP, ETIM and other like-minded factions or else their influence might only spread.
"If this threat is not addressed in the ungoverned spaces in Afghanistan," he warned, these forces could "pose a threat to other countries, Iran, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, all the neighbors of Afghanistan, including China."
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A U.S. military helicopter flies past a hillside with the word "Afghanistan" written in Dari language, in Kabul on May 11. The U.S. has already withdrawn a significant amount of troops from the longest war in the country's history. AFP/Getty Images
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raystart · 4 years
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Technology, Innovation, and Modern War – Class 1
We just had our first week of our new national security class Technology, Innovation and Modern War. Given the tech-centricity of Stanford and Silicon Valley, Joe Felter, Raj Shah and I thought it was natural to design a class to examine the new military systems, operational concepts and doctrines that will emerge from 21st century technologies – Space, Cyber, AI & Machine Learning and Autonomy.
Our students, a mix between international policy and engineering, will be the ones in this fight. If the past is a prologue, they’ll go off to senior roles in defense, policy and to the companies building new disruptive technologies. Our goals are to help them understand the complexity and urgency of the issues, offer them a model to understand the obstacles and path forward, and to inspire them to help lead the transformation of the Department of Defense to meet 21st century challenges.
Our guest speaker this class was Ash Carter the 25th Secretary of Defense.
The pre-class reading included: Christian Brose, The Kill Chain, Michele Flournoy and Gabriele Chefitz: Sharpening the US Military’s Edge and the 2018 summary of the National Defense Strategy.
Lecture 1: This post describes our lecture slides below.
If you can’t see the slides click here. The text below refers to the slides.
The Big Picture Context is important. We started the class illustrating the sweep of the rise and fall of empires and nations over the last 500 years. (Slide 17) The takeaways were that:
National power is ephemeral
China is the only nation that declined in national power and eventually recovered it – though it took half a millennium
The rise of the United States as a national power was incredibly steep, however its trend over the last two decades is not heading in the right direction and is about to intersect with the rise of China
While the class is focused on how new technologies will shape new weapons and doctrine, the national power of a country (its influence and footprint on the world stage) is more than just its military strength. It’s the combination of a country’s diplomacy (soft power and alliances,) information/ intelligence and its military and economic strength. (This concept is known by its acronym, DIME.) (Slide 18)
It’s worth considering the reasons why nations decline — they lose allies, a decline in economic power (the UK in the 20th Century); they lose interest in global affairs (China in the 15th Century); internal/civil conflicts (Russia in the 20th Century.) We zeroed-in on one of the other reasons, and the purpose of this class – a nations military can miss disruptive technology transitions and new operational concepts (Slides 21-22).
And that has happened to us. For 25 years as the sole Superpower, the U.S. neglected strategic threats from China and a rearmed Russia. The country, our elected officials, and our military emotionally committed to a decades long battle to revenge 9/11. Meanwhile, our country’s legacy weapons systems had too many entrenched and interlocking interests (Congress, lobbyists, DOD/contractor revolving door, service promotion of executors versus innovators) that inhibited radical change. The 2018 National Defense Strategy changed that, becoming a wakeup call for our nation (Slide 25.)
All this was a prelude to introducing the class’s three parts (Slide 27):
The first part provides a broad overview of how new technology turns into weapons and doctrine.
Part two does a deep dive on AI, machine learning, autonomy, cyber and space (and will touch on biotech, microelectronics, quantum and hypersonics) and how each can be applied in the service of national security.
The third part of the class gives students hypothetical problems and asks them use 21st century technology to create operational concepts and doctrines that can solve them.
Technology to Weapons to Doctrine As we described how the U.S. specifies and buys weapons systems to students accustomed to Amazon and the “make it happen now” culture of Silicon Valley, we could hear the “you got to be kidding me,” even over zoom. We described the theory versus current practice of defense requirements, acquisition and budgeting in Slides 28-32. And we repeated the obvious (that the system is broken) and the not so obvious – the U.S. is still using a McNamara-era requirements and acquisition system designed by financial managers from Ford and imposed on the DOD in the early 1960s. One observation that often goes unnoticed is that the government audit agencies – GAO, DoDIG – are also part of the problem, as they work hard in assuring compliance with bad strategy. (Best comment from a student, “It strikes me that our acquisition system isn’t broken – it’s obsolete. Built for a world that no longer exists.” An even more sobering comment was, “Was this system designed by the Chinese to ensure we can’t innovate?”)
Having a new technology and weapon doesn’t describe how it’s used to fight or win a war. Each new generation of technology (spears, bows and arrows, guns, planes, etc.) inevitably created new types of military systems. Shooting a gun instead of a longbow didn’t win a conflict; it required the development of a new operational concept and doctrine to learn; who mans it, what other activities are needed to work with it, how to sustain it, and how to use it to win. (Operational Concepts are the Minimum Viable Products of the practical application of a doctrine against a specific enemy in a specific environment.) Slide 33
New adversaries like ISIS in Iraq created the need for a new doctrine i.e. the 2006 Counterinsurgency Field Manual 3-24.
New types of disruptive technologies/weapons (China/Russia A2/AD, China’s  DF-21D and DF-26B) can create the need for new doctrine.
(Ironically, China building military bases on top of reefs in the South China Sea had nothing to do with new technology. It was simply a disruptive operational concept that used 20th-century dredging ships and a gamble that the U.S. wouldn’t interfere. That move alone negated 75 years of U.S. weapons and doctrine in the Pacific, and we’ll spend 10s of billions of dollars to solve the problem. The Marine Corps Force Design 2030 has revamped its operational concept to meet the new reality.)
Today, the Department of Defense can’t create doctrine, new operational concepts and new organizational structures against new technology and new types of warfare fast enough. Therefore, the purpose of this class – how to think about it systematically.
Incremental technology improvements in commercial companies and the Department of Defense tend to follow an S-curve – an initial systems capability is low as it undergoes shakedown and debugging, but climbs rapidly, then plateaus until it is replaced with another incremental improvement. However, unlike commercial systems, weapon systems are matched with a doctrine of how they are used. And incremental improvements in weapons typically result in incremental improvements in doctrine. And because of the complexity of the DOD requirements and acquisition system, the incumbent contractors are typically the same. New startups/companies rarely break into the system. (There’s something wrong when the cost of entry of Palantir, SpaceX and Anduril as new DOD contractors required billionaire founders.) Slides 35-37
Unlike incremental technology improvements. disruptive technology is on a completely different S-curve than existing technology and forces the creation of new doctrine and operational concepts. In theory, incumbent contractors of old technology/weapons should be at a disadvantage over the suppliers for new technology systems as disruption offers opportunities for a new generation of contractors and suppliers. However, as we’ll describe in later classes, the role of Congress, incumbent contractors, lobbyists, still favor the existing prime contractors. Slides 38-41
  It’s sobering to consider what our existing legacy systems are versus where they need to be in the next two decades. It’s worth looking at the chart below for a while. Whether we want to or not this is where the new technologies are going to take us. Even if the chart is just directionally correct, each one of those transitions requires billions of dollars, new weapons and new doctrine. Slide 41
In both commerce and Defense, they are visionaries who can look at technology (that to others appears like a toy,) and they can imagine it fully formed a decade into the future with the new operating concepts against new threats/opportunities. Examples include the Blitzkrieg (Von Manstein), or the Nuclear Navy (Admiral Rickover,) or AirLand Battle (Creighton Abrams,) or Andrew Marshall at ONA, or Elon Musk at SpaceX. Executors (those focus on running existing organizations) often dismiss visionaries because, truth be told, most are hallucinating. But the few that are right, change the world or win wars. The biography of John Boyd (the author of the OODA loop) and his observations on “Be versus Do” in a military career is still a great read. Slide 42
The Impact of New Technology and How the DOD Will Acquire It As an introduction to this class session, one of the assignments was to watch the Slaughterbot video, a dystopian (but technically possible) future of autonomy and AI.
As a nation the U.S. invests large % of its GDP in research and development; however, the source of those dollars has shifted from government to private industry. (The large rise in federal R&D in the 1960s was the investment in NASA and the space program.) While federal R&D is focused on the national interest, a lack of a national industrial policy or incentives for commercial R&D has those R&D dollars optimizing the greatest financial return. Slide 45
“No bucks, no Buck Rogers” describes the role that Congress plays in providing funding for all military expenditures. In the last two decades a federal budget was passed on time just four times. This plays havoc with having a predictable way to pay for new things. Slides 49-51
A glimmer of hope is occurring across the DOD. An insurgency has arisen in the services and combatant commands that has essentially said, “We can’t wait until our acquisition system is fixed, so we’re going to bypass it.” All the services have incubators, Accelerator’s, and SBIR programs. And they’re even making an end-around to a broken acquisition system. First driven by the Army, and now rapidly being used by the other services, a new way to write contracts, called Other Transaction Authorities (OTAs,) has emerged to bypass the years of paperwork. (Time will tell whether the existing acquisition bureaucracy beats this down or if it truly can sustain a breakout from traditional contracting and gets embraced by visionary leadership.) Slides 47 and 52
Guest Speaker – Ash Carter – SecDef
youtube
  If you can’t see the Ash Carter video, click here
In the beginning of every class we ask our students for their feedback and thoughts about our guest speakers. Our student take-aways from Secretary Carter’s talk is below:
Lessons Learned
Technology by itself doesn’t win wars. It has to be built into a weapons system.
Today, many of the advanced technologies that will be used in 21st weapons are being built by private companies not the department of defense
Weapons by themselves don’t win wars. To be effective they have to be integrated into an operational concept/doctrine
Operational concepts/Doctrine describes how a weapon is used, who uses it, what else/who else needs to be used with it, how it’s maintained, etc. And the expected results when used
They way we describe what weapons we need (the requirements) and the way we buy them (the acquisition process) is built on a mid-20th process designed by accountants
Today, there are 88 Major Defense Acquisition Programs (billion+$’s.) Almost all are legacy systems – designed to fight 20th century wars
For example, the F-35/B-21/KC-46 aircraft, Ford-Class Carriers, Columbia-class SSBN, Virginia-class SSN, M-1 tank upgrades, etc.
In its attempt to minimize financial risk it has metastasized into a process that cannot field a major weapon system in less than a decade
The process does not differentiate between programs that are incremental improvements, versus those that are disruptive
The pushback to do something different i.e. the Marine Corps Force Design 2030 illustrates the institutional inertia to change -even when clearly needed
Existing technologies – can be described with an S-Curve
These systems start out with teething problems, mature, and then are replaced by better systems solving the same problem
Unlike commercial products, military technology/weapon systems have an associated doctrine – how it is used
Doctrine gets incremental improvements
Most often incremental weapons systems are built by existing contractors
Disruptive technology also goes through their own S-Curves, but they solve different problems/create new capabilities
Disruptive technology create new doctrine and in a perfect world, new suppliers
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mikemortgage · 6 years
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Mark Milke: Notley’s NDP never believed Albertans wanted — or ever deserved — low taxes
Ralph Klein and Rachel Notley both inherited a fiscal mess when they became premiers of Alberta 23 years apart. In his new book, Ralph vs. Rachel: A Tale of Two Alberta Premiers, author Mark Milke looks at how both used the crisis to wrench Alberta in a new direction — Klein by slashing spending and taxes; Notley by imposing higher taxes, strict climate rules and activist government — and the stark difference in the outcomes.
This second and final excerpt reveals how the NDP never let the unpopularity of its high-tax platform shake its determination to undo the unique tax advantage Klein gave Alberta, right up to when it finally got its big break.
In the chronicling of famous battles, military historians will point to a number of examples of campaign failures, where, with some foresight, commanders might not have lost entire armies. One example: Napoleon’s invasion of Russia, which required the 650,000-strong French army to not only find and defeat Tsar Alexander I’s army — a chronic problem as they kept escaping — but to win Moscow and survive the Russian winter, which they did not. Another comes from Agincourt, where Henry V’s much smaller English force defeated the French army under Charles d’Albret in 1415. Problems for the French included too-heavy armour on a crowded muddy battlefield, a disorganized commander, and French forces that mistakenly thought they were superior to the English. After the English initiated the battle, superior longbow arrows, better organization, professional and well-financed soldiers, and a charismatic king who led the charge, resulted in a French defeat. The men were cut down and into pieces by the advancing English.
If a common link exists in both military failures, it is the obsession by those in command to stick to some existing notion at all costs. Napoleon wanted Tsar Alexander I to sign a peace treaty that would have eliminated English trade with Russia; Charles d’Albret allowed himself to be drawn into battle when he should have backed away and allowed the English to advance to the coast and Calais. Which is where we might consider another not-so- magnificent obsession, and a hill New Democrats apparently wish to defend: their decades-long belief that Albertans are dramatically undertaxed.
Mark Milke: Rachel Notley dumped Alberta’s beer freedom and gave taxpayers a hangover
Ted Morton: Another Canadian oil company flees Trudeau and Notley for the U.S.
Gwyn Morgan: Here’s a far better, easier, more effective idea than carbon taxes
The examples of this obsession are plentiful. In 1993, the NDP platform demanded new taxes on anyone earning over $80,000 plus higher business taxes. “We can no longer afford to be a tax haven for the rich,” said Alberta NDP Leader Ray Martin, just as the election campaign started. Except the NDP leader skipped a relevant, recent fact: Don Getty’s Progressive Conservative government had already increased personal and business taxes substantially, in 1987. Also, in the 1992 budget, the provincial government doubled the corporate tax rate from six per cent to 12 per cent, an increase that Getty’s successor, Ralph Klein never reversed. By 1993, spending cuts were the only option left for an Alberta government after years of tax increases and red-ink budgets. The class warfare call to the battlefield fell flat, and in the election that year, the NDP vote dropped to 108,883 votes, half that of the 217,972 ballots cast for it in 1989. The party lost every one of its 16 seats held in the legislature before dissolution.
In 1997, the newest NDP leader (after Ross Harvey who served from 1994 to 1996), Pam Barrett, avoided another rush into the muddy field of tax hikes but did campaign on a platform titled “We’re fighting back!” New Democrats railed against Klein’s reductions in provincial spending — the ones the public endorsed in 1993. In 1997, the NDP again dropped in popularity at election-time, to 83,292 votes. Similarly, in 2001, just as the Progressive Conservative government cut taxes and moved to a single 10-per-cent income-tax rate, NDP Leader Raj Pannu thought he spotted a winning strategy on the political battlefield: Divide and tax by class. Pannu observed that 80 per cent of Albertans made under $60,000, “so why not tax the rest?” The 2001 platform proposed $1 billion in new and higher taxes and $2.3 billion in new spending. The platform awkwardly called for a “more fair” income tax system with five tax brackets. Votes cast for the NDP dropped to 81,339 in the 2001 election.
In 2004, the NDP platform under leader Brian Mason avoided targeting individuals for tax hikes, though he demanded an end to planned business tax relief. In 2008 the party was back with calls for higher resource royalties. “Albertans deserve better than bargain-basement royalty rates,” proclaimed Mason in his newest election launch, musing that “If Alberta adopted Alaska royalty rates, it would generate over $4 billion in extra revenue.” The NDP promised to spend half that every year, $20 billion over 10 years to subsidize green energy. The results for New Democrats in 2004 and 2008 were 90,829 and 80,578 votes, respectively.
In 2012, personal tax hikes were again back on the NDP front-burner and in the party platform. Under Mason again, higher-tax hopes sprang eternal and the party tacked back to the fairness schtick: “It’s time for everyone to share fairly in our province’s prosperity,” stated the NDP platform. The NDP saw more government, higher taxes, and a just society as inextricably linked. It lectured that it was “time that businesses and individuals with the greatest wealth pay more to support the services we all need.” In 2012 the NDP price tag to fix the problem of undertaxed Albertans: $3 billion in new taxes. In the 2012 election, New Democrats managed to attract about 18,000 more ballots than they did in 1993, in a province where the population soared by 1.2 million in the intervening 19 years.
Over the years, NDP allies repeated the same message, that Albertans were dramatically undertaxed. In 2010, Gil McGowan, president of the Alberta Federation of Labour, wrote how “Making Alberta’s overall tax system comparable with other provinces could bring in an extra $10 billion to $18 billion per year.” In 2013, the University of Alberta’s Parkland Institute argued that Albertans could tax themselves by $11 billion more and “remain the country’s lowest-tax jurisdiction.” The NDP itself followed the rationale in both 2012 under Mason and again in 2015 under its newest leader, Rachel Notley. They skipped the scary 11-figure estimates of what it would take to tax Alberta just like any other province; but Notley promised to right the supposed Klein-era tax wrongs. “The PCs failed to earn Albertans’ full and fair value” on royalty rates, proclaimed the platform authored in Notley’s name. The NDP promised to fix that, and for the wealthy and business to “contribute a little bit more.”
The various appeals to tax Albertans ever higher repeatedly failed to inspire a rush to the polls, including, arguably, in 2015. Between 1997 and 2008, the NDP vote never recovered to even the devastating 1993 wipe-out levels.
After the May 2015 election win, the NDP was in a two-decade hurry to right Alberta’s historic tax wrongs and it took all of 44 days between the party’s win, and the legislation to actualize their long-held hope: That Albertans would finally face fair taxation. While the first official NDP budget was still months away, the government quickly corrected moderate-tax Alberta with its second bill in the legislature, An Act to Restore Fairness to Public Revenues. In introducing the new and higher taxes, Finance Minister Joe Ceci used the fairness argument beloved by politicians who eagerly look at the wallets of others. “We are asking high-income earners and profitable corporations to contribute fairly to rebuilding our province,” said Ceci, in announcing four new personal income tax brackets and a 20-per-cent hike in corporate taxes. “This measure will create a fairer tax system and help bring fiscal stability to our province so we are not so prone to boom-bust cycles.”
It was unclear how higher taxes would smooth out the yo-yo economics of Alberta’s resource-based economy; higher taxes in a recession were more, not less likely to dampen economic growth. Nevertheless, the October 2015 NDP budget hoped for $550 million from higher income taxes and $1 billion more from increased business taxes when fully implemented. Ceci, as with the Progressive Conservative finance minister before him, believed the province could tax its way to economic equilibrium and balance the books. It was an interesting theory and a dubious proposition. Also, the NDP’s fervent belief in higher taxes ignored the other side of the balance sheet, but they were not alone. Attention to the dry, boring-but-necessary details of government spending, from corporate welfare to public sector compensation, was critical though most often ignored by the chattering classes. That budget side skipped, the higher taxes became effective on July 1, Canada Day, 2015.
The NDP tax hit made it clear that the 14-year “experiment” in Alberta’s popular flat tax now was definitively over. As if to make the point in dramatic fashion, all the NDP tax increases were worth almost $2.4 billion annually when fully implemented. But that was only the start. More would come to match the NDP’s belief that Albertans were severely undertaxed. Helpfully, the newest tax to hit Albertans in a generation, since the introduction of the federal Goods and Services Tax in 1991, could be justified as part of a strategy to reduce carbon emissions.
Excerpted from Ralph vs. Rachel, a Tale of Two Alberta Premiers. Copyright Mark Milke 2018. Reprinted with permission of Thomas and Black.
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theresasthesis · 7 years
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Ghost
A ghost is the apparition of a (usually deceased) person, often similar in appearance to that person, and usually seen in places familiar to them, the place of their death, or in association with the person's belongings. The word ghost may also refer to the spirit or soul of a deceased person, or to any spirit or demons. A place in which ghosts are claimed to appear is described as haunted. A related phenomenon is the poltergeist, literally a 'noisy spirit' that manifests itself by moving and influencing objects. Phantom armies, animals, ghost trains, ships and other vehicles have also been reported. Although the evidence for ghosts is largely anecdotal, the belief in ghosts throughout history has remained widespread and persistent.
Parapsychologists have made studies of ghosts and hauntings, and have attempted precise definitions of the word. Summoning or exorcising the shades of the departed is an item of belief and religious practice for spiritualists and practitioners of magic, and exorcism is performed in Christianity. No single explanation has gained universal acceptance.
From the point of view of atheism, ghosts are thought to be a collective human nature of schizophrenia. As the new age progresses though, there are more proofs of ghosts that are made public. In order to continue to correspond to atheism, the proofs of ghosts may be merely telekinetic manifestations.
Historical background
The belief in ghosts as souls of the departed may be closely related to the ancient concept of animism, which attributed souls to everything in nature, including human beings, animals, plants, rocks, etc. Nineteenth-century anthropologist James Frazer stated in his classic work, The Golden Bough, that souls were seen as the creature within that animated the body. Sleep and unconsciousness were the temporary absence of the soul, and death its permanent absence. It was widely held that the soul was an exact reproduction of the body in every feature, even down to clothing the person wore. This is shown in art from various ancient cultures, including the Egyptian Book of the Dead, which shows the deceased in the afterlife appearing much as they did before death, including their clothes.
Another widespread belief concerning ghosts is that they were composed of some "subtle" substance, possibly inspired by breath; this belief may have also fostered the metaphorical meaning of "breath" in certain languages, such as the Latin spiritus and the Greek pneuma, which by analogy became extended to mean the soul.
In many cultures malignant, restless, ghosts are distinguished from the more benign spirits which are the subject of Ancestor worship.
In many traditional accounts, ghosts were often thought to be deceased people looking for vengeance, or imprisoned on earth for bad things they did during life. The appearance of a ghost has often been regarded as an omen or portent of death. Seeing one's own ghostly double or "fetch" is a related omen of death.
Many other Eastern religious traditions also subscribe to the concept of ghosts. The Hindu Garuda Purana has detailed information about ghosts.
The Bible mentions ghosts a few times, associating them with forbidden occult activities (Deuteronomy 18:11). The most notable reference is King Saul's consultation with the ghost of his predecessor Samuel. (I Samuel 28:7-19). In the New Testament, Jesus has to persuade the Disciples that he is not a ghost following the resurrection (Matthew 24).
The Sumerians were another culture with ghosts lore, and many buddhist countries hold festivals to placate "hungry ghosts; the Classical world also had its ghost stories, of which the tale of Athenodoros Cananites, who rented a haunted room to investigate it, is an early example of ghost-hunting.
From the medieval period an apparition of a ghost is recorded from 1211, at the time of the Albigensian Crusade. Gervase of Tilbury, Marshal of Arles, wrote that the image of Guilhem, a boy recently murdered in the forest, appeared in his cousin's home in Beaucaire, near Avignon, France. This series of "visits" lasted all of the summer. Through his cousin, who spoke for him, the boy allegedly held conversations with anyone who wished, until the local priest requested to speak to the boy directly, leading to an extended disquisition on theology. The boy narrated the trauma of death and the unhappiness of his fellow souls in Purgatory, and reported that God was most pleased with the ongoing Crusade against the Cathar heretics, launched three years earlier. The time of the Albigensian Crusade in southern France was marked by intense and prolonged warfare, this constant bloodshed and dislocation of populations being the context for these reported visits by the murdered boy.
Many other stories from the Middle Ages and the Romantic era rely on the macabre and the fantastic, and ghosts are a major theme in literature from those eras. The ballad Sweet William's Ghost recounts the story of a ghost returning to beg a woman to free him from his promise to marry her, as he obviously cannot being dead; her refusal would mean his damnation. This reflects a popular British belief that the dead would haunt their lovers if they took up with a new love without some formal release. The Unquiet Grave expresses a belief even more widespread, found in various locations over Europe: ghosts can stem from the excessive grief of the living, whose mourning interferes with the dead's peaceful rest. In many folktales from around the world, the hero arranges for the burial of a dead man. Soon after, he gains a companion who aids him and, in the end, the hero's companion reveals that he is in fact the dead man.
In 1848 the Fox sisters of Hydesfield in New York State claimed to have communication with the disembodied spirits of the dead and launched the Spiritualism movement, which claimed many adherents in the nineteenth century. The claims of spiritualists and others as to the reality of ghosts were investigated by the Society for Psychical Research, founded in London in 1882. The Society set up a Committee on Haunted Houses and a Literary Committee which looked at the literature on the subject. Apparitions of the recently deceased, at the moment of their death, to their friends and relations, were very commonly reported. One celebrated example was the strange appearance of Vice-Admiral Sir George Tryon, walking through the drawing room of his family home in Eaton Square, London, looking straight ahead, without exchanging a word to anyone, in front of several guests at a party being given by his wife on 22 June 1893 whilst he was supposed to be in a ship of the Mediterranean Squadron, manoeuvering off the coast of Syria. Subsequently it was reported that he had gone down with his ship, the HMS Victoria, that same night, after it had collided with the HMS Camperdown following an unexplained and bizarre order to turn the ship in the direction of the other vessel. Such crisis apparitions have received serious study by parapsychologists with various explanations given to account for them, including telepathy, as well as the traditional view that they represent disembodied spirits.
One theory to explain ghosts was popularised by the author Tom Lethbridge, who believed that ghosts may be "recordings" of events onto their surroundings. Strong emotion my provide the energy to bring about this process, he surmised.
Skeptical analysis
Doubting the existence of ghosts goes back to antiquity, with Roman satirist Lucian of Samosata's The Doubter(c.150CE) an early example.
Modern critics of "eyewitness ghost sightings" suggest that limitations of human perception and ordinary physical explanations can account for such sightings; for example, air pressure changes in a home causing doors to slam, or lights from a passing car reflected through a window at night. The tendency to find patterns in random perceptions, is what some skeptics believe causes people to believe that they have seen ghosts. Reports of ghosts "seen out of the corner of the eye" may be accounted for by the sensitivity of human peripheral vision, according to skeptical investigator Joe Nickell.
Nickell also holds that belief that a location is haunted may cause someone to interpret mundane events as confirmations of a haunting.
Infrasound is thought to be another cause of supposed sightings. Frequencies lower than 20 hertz are normally inaudible, but scientists Richard Lord and Richard Wiseman have concluded that infrasound can cause humans to experience bizarre feelings in a room, such as anxiety, extreme sorrow or even the chills.
Carbon monoxide poisoning, which can cause changes in perception of the visual and auditory systems, was recognized as a possible explanation for haunted houses as early as 1921.
Another potential explanation of apparitions is that they are hypnagogic hallucinations.
The traditional perception of ghosts wearing clothing is considered illogical by some researchers, given the supposed spiritual nature of ghosts, suggesting either that the basis of what a ghost is said to look like is dependent on preconceptions made by society, or that ghosts are not spirits of the dead. Unclothed ghosts have, however, been reported. For instance in The World's Strangest Ghost Stories (1958) R. Thurston Hopkins gives a chilling account of the "Naked Ghost of Rattlesden" .
Some researchers, such as Professor Michael Persinger of Laurentian University, Canada, have speculated that changes in geomagnetic fields (created, e.g., by tectonic stresses in the Earth's crust or solar activity) could stimulate the brain's temporal lobes and produce many of the experiences associated with hauntings. This theory is controversial; it has attracted a large amount of debate and disagreement.
None of these explanations seem able to explain multiple, independent sightings describing the same ghost, nor do they explain such physical evidence as photographs.
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