#ischium

[thenationview]

Landslide in Ischia, Pichetto Fratin: funds allocated and never spent by the Campania region

Landslide in Ischia, Pichetto Fratin: funds allocated and never spent by the Campania region

Funds for Ischia allocated by the Berlusconi government and never spent by the Campania region. The Minister of the Environment, Gilberto Pichetto Fratin, reveals to Il Giornale the presence of a document that attests to the allocation of more than 3 million euros never spent for the security of the territory of the island of Campania. Funds were allocated in 2010 by the Berlusconi government,…

[mineralsrocksandfossiltalks]

Monday Musings: Who hunted Sauropods?

With the immense size of most sauropods it is hard to imagine what might have been brave enough (or stupid enough) to take one on. It seems unlikely but theropod tooth marks have been found on sauropod bones so we know they were being eaten at the very least.

Mmm, Apatosaurus ischium.

Allosaurus is probably the most well-known of the sauropod predators. Often found alongside sauropod remains, it is highly likely that it hunted juveniles or sick adults in packs. One hypothesis for its hunting strategy is that it would use its head somewhat like an axe.

It had a relatively weak bite force but incredibly strong neck muscles. Its skull could withstand forces almost 15x that of its bite. They were also fast sprinters so they could ambush their prey. They would run up, use their massive, recurved claws on their hands as hooks to grapple prey much like raptors (meaning birds of prey, actual raptors) and then use their jaws to rake flesh off the sauropod causing it to bleed out. This allowed Allosaurus to follow behind at a safe distance while its prey bled to death.

Allosaurus vs Barosaurus

It is likely that cousins of Allosaurus such as Carcharodontosaurus, Giganotosaurus, and Mapusaurus also hunted sauropods in packs. All of these carnosaurs lived in sauropod heavy environments and had similar body plans that would allow them to hunt in similar fashions.

Carcharodontosaurus vs Rebbachisaurus by Mark Witton

Giganotosaurus and Sauropod by Bob Walters and Tess Kissinger

Mapusaurus vs sauropods

It has also been suggested that abelisaurids like Majungasaurus were specialized for hunting sauropods. With short, broad snouts they might have hunted like modern felids: bite and hold on.

Majungasaurus tooth marks have been found on Rapetosaurus bones so we know they were eating sauropods at the very least.

[fudgelling-away]

Sans, tail me your secret

sfw, 1000 words

An innocent slice of life. You and Sans get to know each other better in the early stages of relationship.

Warnings: Intimacy (but no outright suggestive themes, nothing happens besides obvious attraction, that’s not the focus of this text) A few curse words Some tears, some drama (but it ends well, you both will be alright)

As always, your writing and drawings are more than welcome! You can write a different ending, or change how the whole scene would play out, I'd love to see it.

.... What a nice evening, you thought.

You two got ready to binge-watch the tenth season of Ancient Aliens. Almost 10 years have passed since the monsters came to the surface and Sans has been busy with going through all the old shows. It gave you an opportunity to rewatch some old classics or discover something you have previously missed.

Surrounded with snacks and blankets, you got comfortable and he was now sitting close to you on the couch. Not really paying attention to NASA's Secret Agenda, you were discreetly observing his face. So relaxed, lively. Happy.

In a sudden surge of courage and affection you coaxed him to move onto your lap.

He followed your lead seemingly without a second thought while his eyelights remained glued to the TV. You almost missed the twitch of the corner of his smile as he tried to keep a poker face, but you were getting really good at reading him those days. As he nestled in your lap, leaning with his back against your chest, an eerie feeling crept up on you. Even though his bones were thicker than your own, he seemed so fragile. It was... wrong. He was too exposed and you didn't like that at all. You embraced him gently, closing your eyes and wishing that your body could become his shield. What a nice evening.

The living room was pleasantly warm, contrasting with the snow that was faintly visible outside the windows. Fire crackling in the fireplace, the smell of burning pine wood, tea with orange slices and cloves.... What a nice–

Your eyes opened wide. With him sitting flush against you the crests of his ischium dug into your thighs – it felt insanely intimate, but you kept your composure until something poked against your abdomen. ... The fuck was that? You froze. Both his hands were in your view. He was still sitting calmly, though you could see droplets of sweat forming on his skull. When he leaned forward to reach for a cookie, something the size of a finger brushed against your belly, and suddenly all you could see was an image of a big fat rat crawling under his shorts, or a spider, or....

You jumped up with a yelp, throwing Sans off your lap, trying to catch him with your left hand and falling with him on the carpet, cookies flying through the air, crumbs everywhere. You managed to break the fall with your right forearm, still awkwardly squishing Sans to your left side.

Silence.

Only the dramatic clatter of the tin bowl against the wooden floor.

He scrambled away from you with such pain in his wide-open eyesockets that you thought he was about to cry, but there was no chance to console him. He shortcutted out of the room. He just wanted a fucking chocolate cookie. You felt a wave of dread surging through your body in a sickening way. You felt like the worst trash on earth. Calm down. At least one of you can't freak out. You are going to laugh about it later, it's okay. Breathe. You climbed the stairs on shaky legs and quietly knocked on his door.

“Sans? Are you there?”

No response.

“Knock, knock?” you whined miserably. “Babe, I'm so sorry, please let me explain.”

You began to wonder if he had teleported to his room at all, and not somewhere else. You sat down by the door and took out your phone. Your hands were shaking so much that writing a message was a real challenge.

You:

Sans. I am extremely sorry. My reaction was involuntary, caused by surprise and nothing more. I am so disappointed in myself for hurting you like this. Your expression will haunt me till the day I die. Rest assured I am punished. I was simply surprised because…

dont tell him about the rat

...because I still have no idea what you touched me with. I don't know your body that well yet. I'm sorry that my reaction was so spectacular. Read. You sighed with relief and waited.

Sans:

heh it was quite spectacular wasn't it

You:

I'm so sorry Will you come back and talk?

Sans: and risk being yeeted across the floor? fat chance, buddy

You: I'm so sorry... After a bit of back and forth, some more grovelling and some heartfelt promises, Sans opened the door. You sat up hopefully, but slouched again when you saw his serious expression. His usual grin looked more like an uneasy grimace.

“it's my tail” he grumbled so quietly you almost didn't catch that.

“Your... tail? Your tail moves?”

“i move it. it doesn’t have a mind of its own.”

“Why did you move it?” You asked stupidly and mentally slapped yourself in the face.

Exasperation flashed through his face briefly as he rolled his eyelights.

“i didn't– buddy, pal, it’s short but it’s still a tail and functions like one. when i bend or reach, it reacts to balance me, however ridiculous that sounds.”

He remained silent for a moment and you dared not to speak. His eyesockets narrowed slightly.

“yours doesn't, huh?”

“No! I don't really have one, mine is just a couple of fused vertebrae.”

“mine isn't fused.”

You wanted to ask if you could see it, but even though you bit your tongue Sans read your face like an open book.

“tsch. you've got some nerve.”

You groaned, curling up on the floor in front of him.

“I am so sorry...”

“i will remember to let myself react wildly the moment your body surprises me,” You heard his ominous voice above you. He hummed thoughtfully and a smirk slowly crept on his face. “yeah. i will flail and scream. heh.”

“Sans...”

“now, my tea’s getting cold” he walked past you calmly, his voice finally relaxed again. “and i believe you’ve got crumbs to sweep up. c'mon.”

[tarotfairy0919]

✧—⊹ ˖🥟⊹ ˖—✧Health meanings in tarot Minor Arcana edition - Suit of Wands✧—⊹ ˖🥟⊹ ˖—✧

©tarotfairy0919 - all rights reserved. do not copy, translate, alter or repost my work.

Please REBLOG if you find this information useful! ༄˖°🪐.ೃ࿔*

The wands get their health meanings from their astrological connection to Aries, Leo, and Sagittarius.

Aries rules the head, the cerebrum, eyes, face, upper jaw, carotid arteries, and the front of the body.

Leo rules the heart, vena cava, back, spine, spinal cord, back, thymus gland.

Sagittarius rules the hips, thighs, ilium, femur, sacrum, coccyx, ischium, blood vessels, sciatic nerves, and pituitary.

🔥Ace of wands ~ A new approach to health. Getting your energy back. Exercise. Approach your body holistically.

🔥Two of wands ~ A tendency to sunstroke, inflammation of the brain, brain fever and delirium, shooting pains in the head, insomnia, and wounds in the head.

🔥Three of wands ~ Three of wands in a health reading can also mean acne, hair loss, strokes, eye problems. Take care of your blood pressure.

🔥Four of wands ~ Four of wands in a health reading can indicate that stress in the home is getting in the way of a healthy lifestyle.

🔥Five of wands ~ Five of wands in a health reading can indicate chronic fatigue, unhealthy weight loss, and anxiety.

🔥Six of wands ~ Six of wands in a health reading can mean the seeker must use their common sense in health matters.

🔥Seven of wands ~ Seven of wands in a health reading can indicate the Seeker needs to look after their heart health.

🔥Eight of wands ~ Eight of wands in a health reading can mean injuries from exercise, arm, legs, shoulders, hips and thigh injuries.

🔥Nine of wands ~ Nine of wands in a tarot reading can also mean the Seeker feels under attack, emotionally and physically.

🔥Ten of wands ~ Ten of wands in a health reading can also mean osteoporosis, teeth problems, and joint pain.

🔥Page of wands ~ Issues with the heart, back and ribs. Exhaustion, incontinence, and fevers.

🔥Knight of wands ~ Overindulgence in sugars, alcohol, and fatty food.

🔥Queen of wands ~ Disfigurements, pimples, rashes, facial inflammation, eye problems. Watch out for poor outcome from plastic surgery, tattoos and piercings.

🔥King of wands ~ Watch out for head injuries and issues with head aches, strokes, and encephalitis. Men worrying about going bald.

ʕ•ᴥ•ʔﾉ♡ ʕ•ᴥ•ʔﾉ♡oopsie you already reached the end ʕ•ᴥ•ʔﾉ♡ʕ•ᴥ•ʔﾉ♡

[kaban-bang]

Wait does Falin canonically have a big ol dragon cock or is that a fandom joke?

Her lower body is a male dragon's.

[monratarot]

Health indicators in tarot - Minor Arcana - Suit of Wands

Please like and reblog if you find this information useful! 🌸🎀💕

//don’t claim it as your own and/or repost it on other platforms//

The wands get their health meanings from their astrological connection to Aries, Leo and Sagittarius.

Aries rules the head, the cerebrum, eyes, face, upper jaw, carotid arteries, the front of the body.

Leo rules the heart, vena cava, back, spine, spinal cord, back, thymus gland.

Sagittarius rules the hips, thighs, ilium, femur, sacrum, coccyx, ischium, blood vessels, sciatic nerves, pituitary.

🔥Ace of wands ~ A new approach to health. Getting your energy back. Exercise. Approach your body holistically.

🔥Two of wands ~ A tendency to sunstroke, inflammation of the brain, brain fever and delirium, shooting pains in the head, insomnia, and wounds in the head.

🔥Three of wands ~ Three of wands in a health reading can also mean acne, hair loss, strokes, eye problems. Take care of your blood pressure.

🔥Four of wands ~ Four of wands in a health reading can indicate that stress in the home is getting in the way of a healthy lifestyle.

🔥Five of wands ~ Five of wands in a health reading can indicate chronic fatigue, unhealthy weight loss, and anxiety.

🔥Six of wands ~ Six of wands in a health reading can mean the seeker must use their common sense in health matters.

🔥Seven of wands ~ Seven of wands in a health reading can indicate the Seeker needs to look after their heart health.

🔥Eight of wands ~ Eight of wands in a health reading can mean injuries from exercise, arm, legs, shoulders, hips and thigh injuries.

🔥Nine of wands ~ Nine of wands in a tarot reading can also mean the Seeker feels under attack, emotionally and physically.

🔥Ten of wands ~ Ten of wands in a health reading can also mean osteoporosis, teeth problems, and joint pain.

🔥Page of wands ~ Issues with the heart, back and ribs. Exhaustion, incontinence, and fevers.

🔥Knight of wands ~ Overindulgence in sugars, alcohol, and fatty food.

🔥Queen of wands ~ Disfigurements, pimples, rashes, facial inflammation, eye problems. Watch out for poor outcome from plastic surgery, tattoos and piercings.

🔥King of wands ~ Watch out for head injuries and issues with head aches, strokes, and encephalitis. Men worrying about going bald.

[a-dinosaur-a-day]

what's up with the classifications "saurischian" and "ornitischian"? like i understand that names aren't meant to be taken literally but. idk lmao i just find it really funny that birds are, technically, saurischians and not ornithischians

So the earliest members of both groups had different shaped hips

Saurischians have this hip shape:

with the pubis facing the head and the ischium facing the tail

this doesn't leave a lot of space in the abdominal cavity for stomachs

you can either become h u g e (like sauropods)

or, you can move the pubis back to face the tail like the ischium:

this is the ornithischian configuration

over the course of their evolution, theropod dinosaurs - Saurischians - actually evolved the Ornithischian configuration, convergently, TWICE

once in Therizinosaurs (so they could eat plants and have huge pot bellies to digest them)

and once in paraves - the group with birds and dromaeosaurs

behold, the hip of the Saurischian Deinonychus:

so, yeah. those names were given based on the ancestral condition for both groups, but in Theropods, the bird-configuration convergently evolved *twice*

so rather than saying ornithischians have bird hips, we should say birds have ornithischian hips!

[paleoforest]

How dinosaur's hips attached to pelvis more possibly?

Here’s a question I’ll ask you to discuss.

First variant is very common in Paleoart, where area of crotch illustrated very exposed, and legs looks like sprawled to the sides. It's especially conspicuous when animal crouches or just lifts its feet. In second case, the possibilities of structure of ornithischian/saurischian pelvis are obviously fully involved: femoral muscles are widely attached to pubic and ischium bones, leaving no weird gap. I note this issue in all dinos, and if we're talking about ornithopods - it's generally a surre!

You have to remember, how different living birds are from [mesozoic] dinosaurs - they have a pygostyle instead of developed tail; keel is completely missing; and someway every species, especially saurischians, has a freakin' massive pelvis (well, cause they bipedal).

3D models not mine, I took em from Sketchfab

It’s been on my mind since August.

[john-frog]

 Frogs are the main focus of this project, hence why the project's name is "Batrachiterra" which roughly translates to "Frog Earth". In the next two weeks we will see how frogs diversified in the first Million of years since humans abandoned the planet, from the West to the East we will have a look at some of the anurans from the continents of Bufia, Batrachia and Incilia.

Bufia

 The continent of Bufia is heavily forested, its position in between the southern Horse Lattitude and the Southern Polar Front makes it get hit by the warm currents that create a Mediterranean climate in the West of the continent. This position aids even more in the climate of Bufia as the Winds that come from the South bring humidity further inland. The result is a Continent whith dense forest cover.

Uncommon toads

There was only one frog species seeded on the continent, the Common toad, Bufo bufo. Like all other species of frogs and most of the other seedlings(Animals, fungi and plants seeded) they passed through the process of Adaptive radiation, in which organisms evolve into new niches after new resources are added to their environment, in our context the frogs were added to a new environment.

Bufo gigas, the Giant toad

These toads evolved a larger head and body size(20 cm SVL) compared to the ancestral toad due to abundant prey and lack of competition. They also have smaller Paratoid glands due to lack of predators as these toads are the largest on the continent.

Bufo viridiverruca, the Green wart toad

These toads have a different behavior compared to its relatives. They have webbing between their toes that extend further compared to their more terrestrial ancestral. This is due to their semi-aquatic habits, spending most of their lives underwater. Green wart toads hunt(as most frogs) anything that fits in their mouth, this includes tadpoles of other species, to avoid accidentaly consuming their own tadpoles the males of this species will defend the larvae who will follow it around.

Bufo stracus, the Spike butt toad

The final toad of today, the Spike butt toad is another toad that deviates from the ancestral toad. They are fossorial and dig burrows in which they live, they hunt the occasional earthworm inside their burrows, but mainly forage during night above ground. Their names comes from a curious adaptation, this species has two pointy "warts" in the region of their ischium used to war off predators that may enter their burrows.

[obscurefossils]

Siamraptor

Siamraptor was a genus of carcharodontosaurian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous period. Its type species is S. suwati. The holotype was found in the Khok Kruat Formation in northeastern Thailand. Siamraptor is the first and currently only definite carcharodontosaurian known from Southeast Asia.

"Siam" is derived from the original name of Thailand, "raptor" is Latin for robber, and the specific name suwati refers to Suwat Liptapanlop, a supporter of the Northeastern Research Institute of Petrified Wood and Mineral Resources.

Its autapomorphies include a jugal with a straight ventral margin and a deep anterior process below the orbit, a surangular with a concavity and four posterior foramina, a groove along the suture between the surangular and prearticular, an articular with a formen at the suture with the prearticular, a cervical vertebra with an additional foramen that is excavating the parapophysis, and the presence of a pair of foramina at the base of the neural spine on the cervical and posterior dorsal vertebrae. Another possible autapomorphy specific to the genus may be a deep concavity excavating the posterior end of the lateral shelf.

Siamraptor is known from its holotype, consisting of a posterior right mandible including the surangular, prearticular, and articular; as well as referred material from three other individuals including three right premaxillae, a right and left maxillae, a left jugal, two posterior parts of the left mandible, three cervical vertebrae, a caudal vertebra, a manual ungual, a right ischium, a section of the left tibia, and a left pedal phalanx. Siamraptor was recovered as a definite carcharodontosaurian, though its relationships within the clade are uncertain. It may have been a derived member of Allosauria outside of Allosauridae or a basal member of Carcharosauria in a polytomy with Eocarcharia, Concavenator, and Neovenator.

Original paper: Original description paper

Wikipedia article: here

[thenationview]

Ischia, Pichetto: "Mayor in Prison". Storm at the minister's words, Salvini rages

Ischia, Pichetto: “Mayor in Prison”. Storm at the minister’s words, Salvini rages

“I would confiscate what is abusive to assess what is dangerous.” Gilberto Pichetto Fratin talks about the tragedy of the landslide in Casamicciola, in Ischia, in which eight people died. “In my opinion, it would be enough to put the mayor and all those who let things go to jail”, says the Minister of the Environment and Energy Security, causing an uproar, with protests from the mayors and the…

[nepenthean-sleep]

nothing snaps me out of a griddlehark fic faster than someone writing that harrow has an ass. my dude that woman is a literal toothpick. there is absolutely no ass going on there. if gideon tries to grab that, she's getting a handful of ischium and nothing else

[mineralsrocksandfossiltalks]

FOSSIL FRIDAY: CERATOSAURUS

Ceratosaurus, the "horned lizard" is probably one of the coolest dinosaurs discovered. It was described by Othniel Charles Marsh based on a nearly complete specimen from Garden Park, Colorado.

It is one of four large theropods in the Morrison Formation of the U.S. and the Lourina Formation of Portugal. There is currently only one accepted species: Ceratosaurus nasicornis.

Allosaurus, Torvosaurus and Ceratosaurus at the BYU Museum of Paleontology.

Ceratosaurus is a medium-sized theropod. The type specimen is about 17 ft (5.3 m) long but other specimens indicate it could get more than 20 ft long. It is characterized by deep jaws that supported proportionally long, blade-like teeth, a prominent, ridge-like nasal crest, and a pair of crests over the eyes making it appear very dragon-like.

It had fairly short arms especially compared to its contemporary rivals. Each hand had four fingers with the three larger ones sporting a claw.

It also had a row of osteoderms that ran down it's neck, back and tail.

It is thought that Ceratosaurus was a solitary hunter. None have ever been found in close proximity to another. In a paper written by Donald M. Henderson in 1998, he stated that Ceratosaurus' taller skull indicated a resistance to bending. Its long, broad teeth would present increased frictional resistance to penetration due to increased surface area.

It had powerful adductor muscles that would increase the overall stresses on the entire skull. Having a deeper skull would relieve that by increasing the flexural rigidity and thus the strength. Think pit bull or hyena.

Ceratosaurus is only represented by a handful of specimens, far more common than Torvosaurus but still much less common than Allosaurus. There are two ideas floating around about why this is. One, there simply weren't as many of them. Two, it preferred a habitat that just didn't preserve fossils as well. Whatever the case may be, I hope that we can help answer some of these questions with the potential specimen we found at the Evil Tree Bonebed.

Possible Ceratosaur ischium (and it's a whopper for size).

Want to help recover the Ceratosaurus? Then come join us this summer at Colorado Northwestern Community College! Check out the link for more info. Hope to see you there!

[so-nw]

"Two above knee sockets with a completely different structure. One without bone stabilization, the other designed to be stabilized with the help of the ischium and trochanter of the femur. A shorter socket design means more freedom, mobility and comfort for the patient, but is not always possible. Too short a stump and too much soft tissue make it impossible to shorten the socket structure. A much easier task for a prosthetist is to create a socket without including the sciatic spine. Sockets stabilized with the help of the skeletal system are much more demanding because their construction is higher and errors in their execution may cause pain."

[the-broken-spear]

I'm seeing a few mentions of there apparently having been a Situation around the M fae pose having a 'bulge'?? you mean the pubis (or ischium) bone? which is unrelated to genitalia? they removed it?? when did this happen?????

As shown in some theropod reconstructions:

EDIT: nvm apparently it was an inconsistency between genes, which I am all for changing :thumbsup:

[covenawhite66]

However, Feduccia’s critique of the dinosaur-bird hypothesis is not based just on problems with the fossil record, but also on conflicting evidence from comparative anatomy.

Now, he presents new evidence that still more sharply contradicts the consensus view. One of the arguments for a dinosaur-bird relationship has been the presence of a so-called “open” acetabulum, which “is a concave pelvic surface formed by the ilium, ischium, and pubis, which accommodates the head of the femur in tetrapods.” Feduccia (2024) studied the acetabulum in early basal birds and found that their acetabulum tends to be partially closed and an antitrochanter (process of the ischium or iliac) is absent.