#most common liver disease in the world

[mindblowingscience]

"Eco-friendly" paper drinking straws contain long-lasting and potentially toxic chemicals, a new study has concluded. In the first analysis of its kind in Europe, and only the second in the world, Belgian researchers tested 39 brands of straws for the group of synthetic chemicals known as poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). PFAS were found in the majority of the straws tested and were most common in those made from paper and bamboo, found the study, published in Food Additives & Contaminants. PFAS are used to make everyday products, from outdoor clothing to non-stick pans, resistant to water, heat and stains. However, they are potentially harmful to people, wildlife and the environment. They break down very slowly over time and can persist over thousands of years in the environment, a property that has led to them being known as "forever chemicals." They have been associated with a number of health problems, including lower response to vaccines, lower birth weight, thyroid disease, increased cholesterol levels, liver damage, kidney cancer and testicular cancer.

Continue Reading.

[olowan-waphiya]

of fucking course.....they fucking coated paper straws with pfas......its a fucking nightmare

--

Long-lasting 'forever chemicals', which can cause damaging health issues, found in 18/20 brands of paper straws

In the first analysis of its kind in Europe, and only the second in the world, Belgian researchers tested 39 brands of straws for the group of synthetic chemicals known as poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).

PFAS were found in the majority of the straws tested and were most common in those made from paper and bamboo, the study, published in the peer-reviewed journal Food Additives and Contaminants, found.

PFAS are used to make everyday products, from outdoor clothing to non-stick pans, resistant to water, heat and stains. They are, however, potentially harmful to people, wildlife and the environment.

They break down very slowly over time and can persist over thousands of years in the environment, a property that has led to them being known as "forever chemicals."

They have been associated with a number of health problems, including lower response to vaccines, lower birth weight, thyroid disease, increased cholesterol levels, liver damage, kidney cancer and testicular cancer.

"Straws made from plant-based materials, such as paper and bamboo, are often advertised as being more sustainable and eco-friendly than those made from plastic," says researcher Dr Thimo Groffen, an environmental scientist at the University of Antwerp, who is involved in this study.

"However, the presence of PFAS in these straws means that's not necessarily true."

A growing number of countries, including the UK and Belgium, have banned sale of single-use plastic products, including drinking straws, and plant-based versions have become popular alternatives.

A recent study found PFAS in plant-based drinking straws in the US. Dr Groffen and colleagues wanted to find out if the same was true of those on sale in Belgium.

To explore this further, the research team purchased 39 different brands of drinking straw made from five materials -- paper, bamboo, glass, stainless steel and plastic.

The straws, which were mainly obtained from shops, supermarkets and fast-food restaurants, then underwent two rounds of testing for PFAS.

The majority of the brands (27/39, 69%) contained PFAS, with 18 different PFAS detected in total.

The paper straws were most likely to contain PFAS, with the chemicals detected in 18/20 (90%) of the brands tested. PFAS were also detected in 4/5 (80%) brands of bamboo straw, 3/4 (75%) of the plastic straw brands and 2/5 (40%) brands of glass straw. They were not detected in any of the five types of steel straw tested.

The most commonly found PFAS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), has been banned globally since 2020.

Also detected were trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMS), "ultra-short chain" PFAS which are highly water soluble and so might leach out of straws into drinks.

The PFAS concentrations were low and, bearing in mind that most people tend to only use straws occasionally, pose a limited risk to human health. However, PFAS can remain in the body for many years and concentrations can build up over time.

"Small amounts of PFAS, while not harmful in themselves, can add to the chemical load already present in the body," says Dr Groffen.

It isn't known whether the PFAS were added to the straws by the manufacturers for waterproofing or whether were the result of contamination. Potential sources of contamination include the soil the plant-based materials were grown in and the water used in the manufacturing process.

However, the presence of the chemicals in almost every brand of paper straw means it is likely that it was, in some cases, being used as a water-repellent coating, say the researchers.

The study's other limitations include not looking at whether the PFAS would leach out of the straws into liquids.

Dr Groffen concludes: "The presence of PFAS in paper and bamboo straws shows they are not necessarily biodegradable.

"We did not detect any PFAS in stainless steel straws, so I would advise consumers to use this type of straw -- or just avoid using straws at all."

[covid-safer-hotties]

Global Emergency Compounded by the AIDS-like Features of SARS-CoV-2 Infection - Published Sept 1, 2024

Over a million people in the US are being infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) every day.

Originally named after the acute respiratory syndrome it can cause as a consequence of blood vessel damage in the lungs, SARS-CoV-2 is actually primarily a blood vessel virus that spreads through the airways. It causes a complex multisystem disease (1). It is airborne (2). It can persist in the body, and is detectable in body and brain tissue even at autopsy of “recovered” patients (3).

Each infection ages the body, causes damage to the blood vessels and the immune system, and affects organs including the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, bones, etc. (4, 5, 6)

Each infection ages the brain. Specifically, it reduces gray matter and cognitive ability (7), and potentially IQ score (8). It increases the risk of psychiatric disorders (9). SARS-CoV-2 has also been identified as contributing to accelerated dementia (10).

The potential post-acute phase impacts of SARS-CoV-2 include long COVID, some manifestations of which are chronic conditions that can last a lifetime, including heart disease, diabetes, myalgic encephalomyelitis and dysautonomia (11).

The Economist has estimated excess deaths from the beginning of the Pandemic through May 2024 at up to 35 million people worldwide. (12)

In Addition, Many Scientists Are Now Issuing Warnings… SARS-CoV-2 triggers a new airborne form of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (13, 14, 15) (some are proposing specific terms such as “CoV-AIDS”).

This is not AIDS as we know it from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, it is a new type of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with different deleterious effects on immune function (16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21), but both resulting in increased vulnerability to infections (22). Immune system deficiency and other COVID properties also suggest a potential link to greater risk of cancers (23, 24, 25, 26, 27).

The “original” AIDS caused by HIV takes up to around 10 to 15 years to make its presence felt, with the initial infection usually barely noticed and often resembling the common cold or a flu-like disease until its damage manifests itself leading to death in the absence of treatments (28, 29).

With SARS-CoV-2, immunodeficiency develops in the weeks and months following infection. It involves reduction and functional exhaustion of T Cells (30), enhanced inhibition of MHC-I expression (31), downregulating CD19 expression in B cells (32) and other evidence of immune dysregulation (33, 34). In one study, the dysregulation persisted for 8 months following initial mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection, the length of the study (35). There is no “cure” for any of the damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 including immune dysregulation.

Did You Know? Repeated infections are leading to prolonged immune dysregulation, and increase the risk of progressive disability and death.

Long COVID is a multisystem disease with debilitating symptoms, which has had a profound impact on society and the global economy. In the USA, economists have estimated that long COVID will incur cumulative future costs of more than US$4 trillion (36, 37).

The worldwide devastating economic consequences of this mass disabling event have been measured in terms of total work hours and GDP lost around the world (38).

It theoretically only takes a single viral particle to initiate an infection, and most infections are initiated by very few viral particles (39).

Despite current popular belief, the immune system is NOT a muscle, and does NOT benefit from being repeatedly challenged with disease-causing microbes. In fact, its finite resources are depleted with each new infection.

Herd immunity is unattainable for a rapidly mutating, immune-disrupting virus, and there is no basis to believe that a vascular infection will evolve into the common cold. Continuing to ignore SARS-CoV-2 will not make it go away. Depriving the virus of publicity does not deprive it of its continuing lethal effects.

SARS-CoV-2 is continuing to evolve and mutate – it is not running out of evolutionary space. It is not a cold or the flu, but primarily a blood vessel disease. It is damaging society as we know it.

How many repeated infections can we expect young people to endure and survive? Even if they get only 1 infection each year, that’s 10 infections in 10 school years. This is not compatible with health and a long life. Repeated infections can lead to long COVID and shortened lifespans.

How Do We Protect Ourselves, How Do We Protect Our Children, When Government Public Health Advice Has Failed?

By reducing transmission so that R0 remains less than one (meaning that each person infects less than one other), we can suppress and gradually eliminate the virus, targeting a safer return to pre-2020 normal.

Handwashing is helpful, but it is not the main way to stop the spread of this airborne virus.

Respirators can block 95% or more of virus particles through electrostatic action, and are therefore highly effective at reducing infection even if only one person in a conversation is wearing them. They are far more effective if all people are wearing them (40).

Transmission can be reduced with HEPA filtration and ventilation of indoor air.

The virus spreads more quickly in indoor settings, but also spreads outdoors.

For medical facilities, it is essential to clean the air with ventilation and filtration and require universal high-quality masking (with N-95/ FFP3 respirators or better) to protect medical staff and patients.

For workplaces, clean air will reduce transmission; and encouraging employees to test and stay home when infectious is essential. High-quality masking should be encouraged in the case of symptoms, a sick person at home, or any other suspicion that one could be carrying the virus. Remote work should be normalized and encouraged wherever possible.

For entertainment venues, events should be held outdoors when possible; and if indoors, clean air is key to protecting audiences. Audiences should also be encouraged to wear respirators to avoid getting infected and infecting others. Digital streaming options should always be offered.

For restaurants, an emphasis on outdoor dining will substantially reduce transmission. Patio service should be encouraged, and indoor dining areas should be well-ventilated with a high level of air-exchanges. Home or curbside delivery offers a safer alternative.

For schools, clean air will reduce transmission; encouraging students to test and stay home when infectious is essential to preserving their health. Masking or remote learning should be initiated whenever a case is detected or the incidence in the general population sharply increases. A permanent hybrid model / digital option can accommodate children with disabilities or those who simply do better learning from home.

Teachers and medical professionals may prefer to use transparent masks, or to wear HEPA-filtered headgear equipment that may be more universally tolerated/accepted.

To track our progress, we need sustained wastewater and population-level testing.

With just 60-70 percent of people taking mitigation measures such as masking, testing and isolating when infected, we can dramatically reduce forward transmission of the virus.

Even with very imperfect measures, as long as one infected person does not infect more than one person on average, the virus will eventually die out. The fewer people each person infects on average, the faster it will happen.

We still have a window of opportunity. Protecting ourselves and our families is in fact protecting the economy and the continued orderly functioning of our society.

[rjzimmerman]

Excerpt from this story from The Guardian:

Toxic PFAS “forever chemicals” are widely added to pesticides, and are increasingly used in the products in recent years, new research finds, a practice that creates a health threat by spreading the dangerous compounds directly into the US’s food and water supply.

The analysis of active and inert ingredients that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has approved for use in pesticides proves recent agency claims that the chemicals aren’t used in pesticides are false.

The researchers also obtained documents that suggest the EPA hid some findings that show PFAS in pesticides.

About 14% of all active ingredients in the country’s pesticides are PFAS, a figure that has doubled to more than 30% of all ingredients approved during the last 10 years.

The increased PFAS use in pesticides is “disturbing”, said Kyla Bennett, a former EPA official now with the Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility non-profit, and a study co-author.

“We should be eliminating PFAS from all products, but particularly pesticides because you’re spraying them on crops, and there’s not a more direct way to expose the population than that,” Bennett said. “We should not be going in this direction.”

PFAS are a class of about 15,000 compounds typically used to make products that resist water, stains and heat. They are called “forever chemicals” because they do not naturally break down and accumulate, and are linked to cancer, kidney disease, liver problems, immune disorders, birth defects and other serious health problems.

PFAS are added to a range of pesticides, including those used on crops, to kill mosquitoes, or to kill fleas on pets. The compounds are likely used as surfactants and to help the chemicals disperse or be absorbed.

The true level of PFAS in pesticides is likely much higher, Bennett said. The estimate works off the EPA’s unusually narrow definition of what constitutes a PFAS, and omits organofluorines.

Most regulatory agencies in the US and around the world consider organofluorines to be PFAS. When organofluorine is added to the tally, at least 60% of active ingredients approved for use in common pesticides over the last 10 years are PFAS, and about 40% overall.

Moreover, companies are not required to disclose when PFAS are used as an inert ingredient, so the paper likely missed some. The chemicals have also been found to leach at high levels from plastic containers in which many pesticides are stored, and that is not accounted for by the EPA.

Among chemicals in pesticides are PFOA and PFOS, two of the most dangerous PFAS compounds. The EPA has found virtually no level of exposure to the two chemicals in drinking water is safe. PFOA is likely leaching from the pesticides’ containers, Bennett said, but PFOS appears to be added for unknown reasons.

[crosstheveil]

Health: Misconceptions with Anemia and "Iron Deficiency"

Iron Absorption & Utilization

Simply taking iron supplements often doesn't cure anemia.

Proper absorption and utilization of iron involve many processes.

1/3 of the population has trouble absorbing and utilizing iron; it's considered the most common nutritional disorder in the world.

Anemia is usually about iron dysregulation, not deficiency.

Iron supplements or injections tend to circulate excessively, potentially causing toxicity.

Iron overload strains the iron recycling system and the liver.

Liver plays a key role in regulating iron uptake.

Iron doesn't regulate itself; it's copper-dependent.

Copper is essential for ceruloplasmin, a protein that mobilizes iron from tissues into the blood. Without copper, iron accumulates in tissue leading to inflammation and tissue damage which can develop into others issues like heart or liver disease and diabetes with increased risk of infection and cancer.

Retinol (Vitamin A) enhances iron absorption and influences genes regulating iron metabolism.

Iron Testing

CBC can detect anemia but it can't necessarily tell you the cause.

Serum ferritin doesn't give a true measure of iron stores.

Approximately 70% of iron is found in hemoglobin, around 20-25% is stored as ferritin and hemosiderin in tissues, about 5% is in myoglobin and enzymes, and roughly 0.1% as serum iron.

For accurate assessment, consider all containers of iron including hemoglobin, serum iron, and ferritin, as well as non-iron markers such as zinc, copper, and vitamins A & D.

The only direct way to measure iron stores is to keep removing blood until anemia sets in, then account for the iron deficit and dietary iron consumed during this time.

Sources (meat, liver, and seafood)

Copper: liver, nuts, molasses, oats, bee pollen, shellfish, pumpkin seeds, dark chocolate, acerola cherry powder, shilajit.

Retinol (Vitamin A): liver, other organ meats, egg yolk, seafood, fish liver oils, dairy products.

Other Insights

Phytates in plants can hinder non-heme iron absorption but vitamin C helps to counteract these inhibitory effects.

Over-supplementing with zinc can cause copper deficiency since copper and zinc need to be in balance.

There are many causes of anemia beyond "iron deficiency", such as vitamin B12 deficiency.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded in 1934 to George Whipple, George Minot, and William Murphy for their discoveries related to liver therapy in cases of anemia.

Other studies have supported incorporating beef liver (which contains copper, iron, zinc, vitamin A and D) into the diet.

The key is to have food that isn't concentrated on a certain vitamin or mineral but provides a mixture of what we need in a way that our body can properly absorb without inhibiting effects.

Men are naturally higher in iron than women and women are naturally higher in copper than men (estrogen levels contribute to the production of copper).

Female menstruation is why iron deficiency anemia is more common among women.

Signs of anemia include fatigue, pale complexion, blurred vision, dizziness, irregular heartbeat, cold hands and feet, scanty menstruation, numbness, insomnia, poor memory, dry skin, brittle nails, vertical ridges on nails, muscle twitches, shortness of breath, chest pain, headache, swollen or sore tongue, unusual cravings, restless legs.

[nightmaretour]

(This is the fully screen reader friendly version of the post found here. However I would prefer that you spread and share this one, as this is information that could save anyone's lives and alt text descriptions aren't compatible with all screen readers.)

[ID: The words "September is sepsis awareness month" and a red awareness ribbon on a red background that fades to white at the center. The words "September is" are written in a cursive font, while the word "Sepsis" is in a large, bold font in red below it. "Awareness" is written in a clear font in bold capital letters, and "month" is written in the same font but less bold. These are all stacked vertically. End ID]

With everything going on, it's easy to miss that September is sepsis awareness month. As a sepsis survivor myself, I feel a great responsibility to spread awareness of this greatly underestimated killer.

[ID: An infographic on a background that fades from purple to pink. At the top it reads "World Sepsis Day Infographics" in bold pink text, and below it "World Sepsis Day" in bold black text. There is a black logo in the top right hand corner that looks like a splatter facing to the left, with the words "stop sepsis save lives" stacked vertically to its right. Below that is a lighter coloured box that contains text, with the shape of the world map cut out in the middle to show the gradient behind it.

"September 13th- World Sepsis Day" is written at the top of the light colored box in pink cursive. The rest of the writing is in a plain black font. It reads:

"Sepsis is the final common pathway from most infectious diseases.

Despite being a medical emergency and having direct ties to all other World Health Days, sepsis is still not getting the attention it deserves.

Awareness saves lives.

Learn about sepsis AT

WWW.WORLD-SEPSIS-DAY.ORG"

In the bottom right corner of the box there is a pink circle that fades to white at the center, with the word "Sepsis" written inside it in various black, white and pink fonts.

Below the box is a white logo of a stylised white globe in the bottom left corner with the words "Global Sepsis Alliance" beside it stacked on top of each other in a white font. In the bottom center are the web addresses "www.world-sepsis-day.org" and "www.global-sepsis-alliance.org" in bold white writing. The bottom right corner has the words "September 13 2019" in white stacked on top of each other, with a line separating them from the words "World sepsis day", also stacked vertically. End ID]

Sepsis is a disease that affects around 49 million people worldwide every year, and responsible for around 20% of all global deaths, claiming approximately 11 million lives per year. It's estimated that one person dies of sepsis every 2.8 seconds. Around half of those who survive sepsis are left with physical or cognitive disabilities for the rest of their lives. On top of that, it's the most vulnerable of us that are most likely to develop sepsis.

[ID: An infographic with a purple background that fades to pink, with the words "World Sepsis Day Infographics" in white text, and the "stop sepsis save lives" in white to it's right. Below this is a lighter box. At the top it reads "Risk groups" in bold black text. Below it in smaller text it reads "everybody can get sepsis- certain people are at even higher risk"

Below that are five circles cut out of the lighter box, three on the top row with two underneath. Each has a stylised sillhouette-like image in it corresponding to the text below it. None of the images have facial details.

The first circle has a light skinned woman with black hair wearing a plain white shirt and black leggings. She has a red circle around her torso, where stylised lungs are shown. Below it reads "People with chronic diseases e.g lung, liver, heart"

The second circle contains the same woman with a red crossed out circle around her torso, where a black silhouette of a spleen is shown. Below it reads "people with no spleen"

The third circle contains the woman with a red circle around her torso, which has a red awareness ribbon on it. Below it reads "people with weakened immune systems e.g AIDS, diabetes"

The fourth circle contains a baby with brown skin and dark hair, wearing blue one piece clothing and a white bib with a blue star on it. They are sitting with a light brow teddy bear in one hand and a white and blue patterned blanket in the other. Below it reads "children under 1"

The fifth circle contains an older man with light skin and light grey moustache using a walking stick and wearing semi-formal clothing, with his arm around an older woman with light brown skin and light grey hair, wearing a navy blue dress. Below it reads "Adults over 60"

Below the lighter box in the bottom left corner is the Global Sepsis Alliance logo, and in the center are the web addresses "worldsepsisday.org" and "globalsepsisalliance.org"

end ID]

Despite being one of the global leading causes of death, very few people know much about sepsis or how to spot it, which is what makes it all the more deadly. Sepsis kills approximately 1 in 6 people who contract it, but spotted early, patients with sepsis are around half as likely to die as those who have been allowed to develop into the later stages.

Sepsis is always the result of an existing bacterial, viral, fungal or even parasitic infection, usually due to a serious infection such as pneumonia or meningitis, but it can also be caused by something as small as an infected papercut or bug bite. Almost half of all cases occur in children.

[ID: An infographic with a white background, containing sections of text in boxes. The box in the top right corner is pink, with the words "Sepsis facts" inside. All of the other boxes are light grey with black text, separated by white lines. The box beside the pink one reads:

"Sepsis arises when the body's response to an infection injures its own tissues and organs. It may lead to shock, multi-organ failure, and death- especially if not recognised early and treated promptly. Sepsis is the final common pathway to death from most infectious diseases worldwide including viruses such as SARS-CoV-2."

The second row has three boxes. From left to right they read:

"47-50 million cases per year¹"

"At least 11 million deaths per year²"

"1 in 5 deaths worldwide is associated with sepsis³"

The three boxes on the second row read:

"Sepsis is the number 1:

Cause of death in hospitals⁴

Cause of hospital readmissions⁵

Healthcare cost⁶

(e.g. $6.2 billion is spent on sepsis healthcare costs in the US alone)"

"Up to 50% of sepsis survivors suffer from long-term physical and/or psychological effects⁷"

"40% of cases are children under 5⁸"

The third row of three boxes read:

"80% of sepsis cases occur outside of a hospital⁹"

"Sepsis is always caused by an infection such as pneumonia or diarrheal illness¹⁰"

"Sepsis is a medical emergency- if you or someone you know shows signs of sepsis, seek medical care immediately. Every hour counts.¹¹"

Below it is a single box that spans the whole width of the infographic. At the top, it is titled in bold pink writing, "These signs may indicate sepsis:"

The following have each first letter emphasised in a large pink font, spelling out "SEPSIS", with a black and white picture of a woman representing the symptoms behind them.

"Slurred speech

Extreme shuddering or muscle pain/fever

Passing no urine all day

Severe breathlessness

It feels like you're going to die

Skin mottled or discoloured"

Below this are two boxes. The left one reads:

"September 13

You can help

#stop sepsis

and

#save lives

www.worldsepsisday.org"

In the last box, in the bottom right corner:

"references:

¹,²,³,⁸,¹⁰ Rudd et al, https://dol.org/10.1016/50140-6736(19)32989-7

⁴Rhee et al,

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/japanetworkopen/fullarticle/2724768

⁵Torio et al,

https://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/statbriefs//sb204-Most-Expensive-Hospital-Conditions.pdf

⁶Buchman et al,

https://journals.lww.com/ccmjournal/Fulltext/2020/03000/Sepsis_Among_Medicare_Beneficiaries_3_The.4.aspx

⁷Prescott et al,

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nlh.gov/PMC/articles/PMC5839473/

⁹Rhee et al,

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2654187

¹¹Seymour et al,

https://www.nejm/doi/10.1056/NEjMoa1703058

end ID]

But most importantly, it's all about time. If you or someone you know is experiencing any symptoms that you suspect might be sepsis, get to a hospital. It's far better to be wrong and live than it is to be wrong and die. I hope that you will never have to use this information, but if you do, hopefully it will help you to save a life.

[ID: An infographic with a red background and white text. The Sepsis Alliance logo is in the top left corner. It has a red circle shades to look like a dome with the letters "SI" inside it in a stylised font, with the words "Sepsis alliance" in a white times now roman like font. Below it in italics is the slogan "Suspect sepsis. Save lives.

Below this, it says in white lettering "When it comes to sepsis, remember, IT'S ABOUT TIME. Watch for:" the words "it's about time" are in larger, black writing, and have a trademark symbol.

Underneath are the letters "TIME" spelled out with each letter inside a white circle, all connected with a white line. Below each respective letter it reads:

"TEMPERATURE

Higher or lower than normal"

"INFECTION

May have signs or symptoms of an infection"

"MENTAL DECLINE

Confused, sleepy or difficult to rouse"

"EXTREMELY ILL

"I feel like I might die," severe pain or discomfort"

At the bottom of the page in a lighter red stripe it reads "watch for a combination of these symptoms. If you suspect sepsis see a doctor urgently. CALL 911 or go to a hospital and say 'I AM CONCERNED ABOUT SEPSIS.'" The last phrase is in bold black capital letters. End ID]

Sepsis is incredibly time sensitive, even a few hours could be the difference between life and death. If you spot any of the signs in yourself or someone else, do not delay. Seek emergency treatment immediately.

For more information, visit:

Worldsepsisday.org

Global-sepsis-alliance.org

Sepsisresearch.org.uk

[mindshelter]

asked by @ghost-in-a-player-piano: Which body part is the biggest problem for using the badwrong instructions that can make cancer? Is it the liver? Since the liver can regrow itself as part of everyday normal business, I bet it's up there. extension of this thread.

oh! fantastic observation; with respect to liver cancers, this is a big area of discussion. you're right: tissue regeneration, by default, can predispose it to regenerating just a little too well. cancer emerging from hepatocytes (hepatocellular carcinoma), which make up most of the liver, is indeed one of the most common forms of adult cancer.

(note: it's up there, but not the furthest up! more on that later.)

i want to be a bit careful though: the liver's ability to regrow has the potential to influence cancer development, but that's one player among many.

we should consider what makes the liver a potential breeding ground for tumours beyond its powerful ability to regrow itself by asking why it's regrowing so much at all. existing liver tissue likely sustained some damage. this could be through a lot of means, such as excess alcohol consumption or hepatitis. damage means inflammation: tissue becomes swollen, and the affected tissue experiences something called oxidative stress.

you can think of oxidative stress as the production of very hostile molecules that carry oxygen atoms with the potential to mess up DNA. these reactive oxygen species are always present in the cells of the body, because oxygen is key to our ability to get the most energy possible out of sugar (glucose, specifically). they just exist at levels the body can handle. in cases like long-term inflammation, however, there's a fair chance they'll reach overwhelming levels.

the liver's efforts to regenerate are, ironically, an effort to resolve this inflammation—that's the organ trying to heal! however, when cells get ready to divide, they make copies of their DNA, and pass on new mistakes to their descendants. the source of the mistakes might come from the copying process itself, or it might come from our nasty reactive oxygen species hitting our DNA repeatedly until critical instructions get tampered with. following liver damage, both of these things are happening... so things might go awry.

so! chronic inflammation sounds like a big fucking deal, and it is. when it comes to body parts that are the "biggest problem for using the badwrong instructions," a noticeable pattern emerges: several are organs highly susceptible to inflammation. more common than liver cancer are lung cancer and colorectal cancer, to name two.

to showcase the phenomenon that is chronic inflammation in more concrete examples:

tobacco users are more susceptible to lung cancer; cigarette smoke irritates the lungs. that is, it induces inflammation.

asbestos is an extremely infamous cancer-causing substance. this is because asbestos, at the microscopic level, is made up of extremely small, sharp fibers. they quite literally can embed into lung cells and cause long-term inflammation. most often, it causes a form of cancer called malignant mesothelioma.

you'll never guess what inflammatory bowel disease can do. people affected tend to be prescribed anti-inflammatory medications, which both lowers the risk of colorectal cancer while reducing pain.

inflammation and growth capacity are, again, two among many things that can set a healthy cell down the path of evil, but they are extremely common culprits in the world of cancer.

thank you! i hope this was informative. hearts and love and all those nice things

[soniez]

Choosing the Right Gastrointestinal Tract Drug – Factors to Consider

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex system responsible for digestion and absorption of nutrients.  Given its critical function, disorders affecting the GI tract can significantly impact overall health and quality of life.  Selecting the right medication to treat these conditions is essential for effective management and recovery.  Centurion HealthCare, a leading gastrointestinal tract drugs supplier in India, offers a range of high-quality medications designed to address various GI disorders.  In this article, we will explore the factors to consider when choosing the right gastrointestinal tract drug, and why Centurion HealthCare stands out in the best pharmaceutical industry in India.

Understanding Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

GI tract disorders encompass a wide range of conditions affecting different parts of the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder.  Common GI disorders include:

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Hepatitis

Pancreatitis

Each condition requires specific treatment strategies and medications to manage symptoms, promote healing, and prevent complications.

Factors to Consider When Choosing a Gastrointestinal Tract Drug

Choosing the right drug for treating GI disorders involves multiple factors, including the specific condition, the patient’s medical history, and potential side effects.  Here are key considerations:

1.   Accurate Diagnosis

An accurate diagnosis is the first step in selecting the appropriate medication.  Physicians use various diagnostic tools such as endoscopy, colonoscopy, imaging studies, and laboratory tests to identify the specific GI disorder.  Understanding the underlying cause and severity of the condition is crucial for effective treatment.

2.   Mechanism of Action

Different gastrointestinal tract drugs work through various mechanisms to achieve therapeutic effects.  Understanding how a drug works helps in selecting the most suitable option.  Common mechanisms include:

Antacids:  Neutralize stomach acid, providing quick relief from heartburn and indigestion.

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs):  Reduce the production of stomach acid, effective in treating GERD and peptic ulcers.

H2 Receptor Antagonists:  Decrease acid production by blocking histamine receptors in the stomach lining.

Prokinetics:  Enhance gut motility, useful in conditions like gastroparesis.

Antispasmodics:  Relieve intestinal cramps and spasms, often used in IBS treatment.

Anti-inflammatory Drugs:  Reduce inflammation in the GI tract, essential for managing IBD.

3.   Efficacy and Safety

The efficacy and safety profile of a drug are critical factors in the decision-making process.  Clinical trials and real-world studies provide valuable information on a drug’s effectiveness and potential side effects.  Physicians must weigh the benefits against the risks to ensure the chosen medication offers the best possible outcome for the patient.

4.   Patient-Specific Factors

Each patient is unique, and various individual factors can influence drug selection.  These include:

Age:  Certain drugs may be more suitable for children, adults, or the elderly.

Medical History:  Pre-existing conditions, such as kidney or liver disease, can affect drug metabolism and tolerance.

Allergies:  Patients with known drug allergies must avoid medications that could trigger adverse reactions.

Concurrent Medications:  Drug interactions can impact efficacy and safety, requiring careful consideration of all medications the patient is currently taking.

5.   Route of Administration

The route of administration can affect the drug’s efficacy and patient compliance.  Common routes for GI drugs include:

Oral:  Tablets, capsules, and liquids are convenient for most patients.

Intravenous:  Used in severe cases or when oral administration is not feasible.

Topical:  Suppositories and enemas are used for localized treatment in the lower GI tract.

6.   Cost and Availability

Cost can be a significant factor, especially for long-term treatments.  Generic versions of drugs often offer the same efficacy as brand-name medications at a lower cost.  Availability of the drug in the local market is also crucial to ensure uninterrupted treatment.

Centurion HealthCare:  Leading the Way in GI Tract Drug Supply

Centurion HealthCare has established itself as a premier gastrointestinal tract drugs supplier in India, renowned for its commitment to quality, innovation, and patient care.  Here’s why Centurion HealthCare is a trusted name in the best pharmaceutical industry in India:

1.   Comprehensive Product Range

Centurion HealthCare offers a wide range of gastrointestinal tract drugs, catering to various GI disorders.  Their product portfolio includes antacids, PPIs, H2 receptor antagonists, prokinetics, antispasmodics, and anti-inflammatory medications, ensuring comprehensive treatment options for healthcare providers.

2.   Quality Assurance

Quality is at the heart of Centurion HealthCare’s operations.  The company adheres to stringent quality control measures, from raw material sourcing to final product testing, ensuring that every medication meets international standards for safety and efficacy.

3.   Research and Development

Centurion HealthCare invests heavily in research and development to stay at the forefront of pharmaceutical innovation.  Their R&D team continuously works on developing new formulations and improving existing products to address emerging healthcare needs.

4.   Patient-Centric Approach

Understanding that each patient is unique, Centurion HealthCare adopts a patient-centric approach in drug development and supply.  Their medications are designed to provide maximum therapeutic benefit with minimal side effects, enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life.

5.   Global Reach

As a leading gastrointestinal tract drugs supplier, Centurion HealthCare has a robust distribution network that ensures their products are available not only across India but also in international markets.  Their commitment to excellence has earned them a reputation as a reliable partner for healthcare providers worldwide.

6.   Affordability

Centurion HealthCare is dedicated to making high-quality medications accessible to all.  Their cost-effective solutions, including generic versions of popular GI drugs, help reduce the financial burden on patients while maintaining high standards of care.

Conclusion

Choosing the right gastrointestinal tract drug involves careful consideration of various factors, including accurate diagnosis, mechanism of action, efficacy, safety, patient-specific factors, route of administration, and cost.  Centurion HealthCare, as a leading gastrointestinal tract drugs supplier in India, excels in providing high-quality, effective medications that cater to the diverse needs of patients with GI disorders.

With a commitment to quality, innovation, and patient-centric care, Centurion HealthCare stands out in the best pharmaceutical industry in India.  Their comprehensive product range, stringent quality assurance, advanced R&D, global reach, and affordability make them a trusted partner for healthcare providers seeking reliable solutions for GI tract disorders.

By choosing Centurion HealthCare, you can be confident in the quality and efficacy of the medications you are prescribing or consuming, ensuring the best possible outcomes for gastrointestinal health.

[raagvi123]

Influence of alcohol

Alcohol, a ubiquitous and socially accepted substance, has been an integral part of human culture for centuries. While it is often associated with socializing and relaxation, its influence on individuals and society at large is a double-edged sword. In this blog, we will explore both the positive and negative aspects of alcohol consumption, shedding light on the multifaceted impact it has on our lives.

Positive Influences:

Social Lubricant: One of the most common positive influences of alcohol is its role as a social lubricant. Many people find that moderate alcohol consumption can ease social interactions, reduce inhibitions, and foster a sense of camaraderie. Shared drinks often accompany celebrations and gatherings, creating a relaxed atmosphere.

Cultural Significance: Alcohol has deep roots in various cultures and traditions around the world. It plays a significant role in ceremonies, rituals, and celebrations, symbolizing unity and shared experiences. From toasts at weddings to religious ceremonies, alcohol often serves as a cultural glue, connecting people through shared practices.

Negative Influences:

Health Consequences: The most glaring negative influence of alcohol is its impact on physical health. Chronic alcohol consumption can lead to a myriad of health issues, including liver disease, cardiovascular problems, and an increased risk of certain cancers. Additionally, alcohol abuse is a leading cause of addiction, further exacerbating health concerns.

Impaired Judgment and Safety Risks: Alcohol impairs cognitive function and judgment, leading to impaired decision-making and an increased likelihood of accidents. The influence of alcohol on motor skills can result in car accidents, injuries, and even fatalities. The negative impact extends beyond the individual to affect public safety and the well-being of others.

Social and Economic Costs: Excessive alcohol consumption contributes to significant social and economic costs. These include the burden on healthcare systems due to alcohol-related illnesses, increased crime rates, and productivity losses in the workplace. The ripple effect of alcohol misuse can strain societal resources and hinder overall progress.

Conclusion:

In contemplating the influence of alcohol, it is crucial to recognize its dual nature. While it can enhance social experiences and cultural practices, it also poses substantial risks to individual health, safety, and societal well-being. Striking a balance between moderate consumption and responsible behavior is key to minimizing the negative impacts associated with alcohol. Education, awareness, and support for those struggling with alcohol-related issues are essential components of fostering a healthier relationship with this complex substance. As we navigate the complexities of alcohol's influence, a thoughtful and informed approach can help mitigate its potential harm and maximize its positive contributions to human connection and celebration.

[mauri2530]

Experts Advise, Offer New Vaccination for Pet Rabbits

COVID-19 hasn’t been the only global pandemic arriving on our shores recently. A new variant of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), previously common in wild rabbits in Europe, Asia, and Australia, was first detected in the United States in early 2020. It has now spread to multiple states in the U.S., particularly the western states.

How to Get the Vaccine

Vaccination clinics for RHDV will be held on the following dates at Veterinary Medicine South Clinic 2100 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana. Clinic Dates: * August 18, 2023 * September 15, 2023 * October 13, 2023

Call for an appointment: 217-244-2555

On July 13, 2023, the first case of RHDV was detected in the state of Illinois in a pet rabbit. The case was in Cook County. Prior to this detection, the disease had not been diagnosed in wild or domestic rabbits. This detection raises the level of concern for the health implications of both wild and domestic rabbits within Illinois.

If RHDV is detected or suspected in wild or domestic rabbits, it must be reported to the World Organisation for Animal Health.

Dr. Michelle Borsdorf, a board-certified specialist in zoological medicine at the University of Illinois Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Urbana, recommends that all pet rabbits be vaccinated against this new variant (RHDV2), which is more dangerous than earlier forms of the virus. This variant of RHDV has 70% to 100% mortality rates in pet rabbits.

Its presence in Illinois emphasizes the need to act now to vaccinate and protect against this disease!

What Is RHDV?

Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus is a member of the calicivirus family. Other viruses in this family that do not cause rabbit health issues include norovirus, the most common cause of gastroenteritis (vomiting and diarrhea) in people, and a feline virus that causes respiratory disease.

RHDV infects wild and domestic species of rabbits and is highly contagious. It does not infect people or other animals. The virus travels through the blood stream of an infected rabbit and rapidly damages the cells of the liver. The liver makes proteins used in forming blood clots, and the classic form of RHDV causes uncontrollable bleeding in rabbits.

Clinical signs of rabbits infected with this virus will primarily include bleeding from the eyes, nose, or mouth, as well as jaundice (yellow discoloration of eyes and skin), which are related to severe liver dysfunction or failure. Affected rabbits may also develop respiratory or neurologic symptoms, or even present with more generalized signs of illness such as lethargy, reduced appetite, and lack of defecation or urination.

“Additionally, some rabbits do not exhibit symptoms prior to succumbing to the disease. This outcome, known as sudden death, illustrates how rapidly the disease can progress,” says Dr. Borsdorf.

How Does RHDV Spread?

Unfortunately, the virus survives well in any environment. Infected wild rabbits may shed the virus outside, and the virus can then be carried into the home on people’s clothing or shoes and introduced to pet rabbits. Any rabbit exposed to blood, urine, or feces of an infected rabbit could develop infection.  

Because RHDV is spread between rabbits, Dr. Borsdorf advises taking steps in your home to reduce the risk of RHDV infection.

Do not allow your pet rabbit to graze in outdoor areas that are frequented by wild rabbits.

Ensure that shoes worn outside are not worn in areas of the home where your pet rabbit has access.

Weeds and flowers from outdoor areas frequented by wild rabbits should not be fed to pet rabbits.

Always wash your hands before and after handling rabbits.

Vaccinate your pet rabbit.

Vaccination Against RHDV

In other countries where RHDV circulates, vaccinations against the virus are given to pet rabbits. Now that the threat to rabbit health is present in the U.S., the U.S. Department of Agriculture has authorized emergency use of the vaccine here. Distribution of the vaccine to veterinarians began in 2021.

Although the vaccine does not yet have full FDA approval, the approval process is ongoing. Preliminary research suggests that the vaccine is safe and effective in preventing infection. This is based on a challenge study performed where 100% of vaccinated rabbits survived when exposed to the virus, while 70% of the unvaccinated rabbits died from the disease.

Side effects of the vaccine have included mild swelling at the injection site and mild fever or lethargy for a few days after the vaccine is administered. To be effective, the vaccine requires two doses administered at least 3 weeks apart, and annual boosters thereafter.

Vaccination at the University of Illinois

The zoological medicine service will continue hosting vaccine clinics to administer vaccines and their boosters to pet rabbits once monthly. (See sidebar above for the current list of dates.) Veterinary interns, residents, and students as well as certified veterinary technicians will be involved in this process under supervision of faculty members. including Dr. Borsdorf, head of the zoological medicine service.

Because the clinic is focused on delivering vaccine to healthy animals, no diagnostic testing will be performed at that time.

Because of how the vaccine is packaged, vaccination will be offered only through the scheduled vaccine clinics and not through regular appointments with the zoological medicine service at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital.

To make an appointment for your rabbit to receive the vaccine, please call the Veterinary Medicine South Clinic at (217) 244-2555.

For more information, visit:

https://www.aphis.usda.gov/publications/animal_health/fs-rhdv2.pdf

https://rabbit.org/faq-for-medgenes-rhdv2-vaccine/

[mcatmemoranda]

Asymptomatic carotid stenosis of 50%–70% should be treated medically to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Initiating statin therapy and smoking cessation will have the greatest impact on reducing his risk [the pt was a 63 y/o M with normal BP who smokes, whose internal carotid artery was 50% stenosed without symptoms]. Without past neurologic symptoms from carotid artery disease, surgical intervention would not be indicated due to the potential risks of surgery, but repeat ultrasonography is considered reasonable.

Extracranial carotid artery atherosclerosis is a risk factor for stroke and warrants risk factor reduction. Nonsurgical approaches that lower stroke risk include smoking cessation, hypertension management with a goal blood pressure of <130/80 mm Hg, management of diabetes mellitus if present, and initiation of high-intensity statin therapy with a target LDL-cholesterol level of <70 mg/dL. Regular physical activity regardless of BMI is associated with a reduction in stroke risk.

Surgical interventions for carotid disease, such as endarterectomy or stenting, carry a significant risk of mortality and disabling stroke. Because of the risks of intervention, screening of asymptomatic patients is not routinely recommended. Similarly, the benefits of intervention must be weighed against the potential risks. Generally, intervention is recommended if the patient has experienced significant symptoms from carotid artery disease such as stroke or high-risk TIA with stenosis >50%.

For asymptomatic patients, the average annual risk of stroke with stenosis ≥70% is about 1% and evaluation for carotid endarterectomy or stenting is recommended if the patient is considered to be at acceptable surgical risk.

Family physicians often see patients with diarrheal illnesses and most of these are viral. Patients sometimes have misconceptions about preferred fluid and feeding recommendations during these illnesses. The World Health Organization recommends oral rehydration with low osmolarity drinks (oral rehydration solution) and early refeeding. Low osmolarity solutions contain glucose and water, which decrease stool frequency, emesis, and the need for intravenous fluids. Soda and sports drinks contain a higher concentration of glucose, which may worsen diarrhea.

Half-strength apple juice has been shown to be effective, and it approximates an oral rehydration solution. Its use prevents patient measurement errors and the purchase of beverages with an inappropriate osmolarity. It is also more appealing to children than many oral rehydration solutions. Water increases the risk of hyponatremia in children. Refeeding on patient request has been shown to decrease the duration of illness.

This asymptomatic patient with mildly elevated transaminases most likely has nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is the most common chronic liver disorder in the United States. It is associated with metabolic syndrome. The initial evaluation should include studies to rule out less common causes of liver disease including viral hepatitis and hemochromatosis. Other laboratory studies that assist in evaluation include albumin and platelet levels. These values allow for the calculation of the Fibrosis-4 score or the NAFLD fibrosis score, which are validated to predict the risk of significant liver fibrosis. Patients with an elevated risk of fibrosis require further evaluation, typically with ultrasound-based elastography before considering liver biopsy. Medications and supplements may cause elevated transaminase levels, and a thorough history to elicit this information is important. Statin-induced liver injury is rare and not consistent with this clinical picture. Discontinuing statin therapy is not necessary with mild transaminase elevations due to NAFLD. Metformin is unlikely to cause elevated transaminases and is safe with this severity of liver disease. Liver fibrosis may be detected with CT but ultrasonography is more sensitive and thus preferred.

Biceps tendinitis causes pain with abduction and external rotation of the arm, and tenderness of the bicipital groove with palpation. Resisted supination of the hand with the elbow flexed to 90° is the Yergason test, and anterior shoulder pain with this maneuver is consistent with bicipital tendinitis. Anterior shoulder pain with cross adduction of the arm is more consistent with acromioclavicular arthritis. Axial compression with rotation to the affected side of the slightly extended neck is the Spurling test for cervical radiculopathy. Extension of the elbow would activate the triceps, and internal rotation of the shoulder with the elbow flexed would result in less activation of the biceps than resisted supination.

Doxycycline (100–200 mg daily or 40 mg once daily of a modified-release formulation) and minocycline (100–200 mg daily) are effective options for the treatment of papulopustular rosacea. The modified-release doxycycline, which is a 40-mg capsule, is FDA-approved but is more expensive out of pocket. Oral metronidazole or macrolides such as azithromycin and clarithromycin can also be considered for those who cannot take tetracyclines. Erythromycin would not be a first-line choice. Amoxicillin, cephalexin, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim lack evidence to support their use in the treatment of papulopustular rosacea.

Office spirometry can be very helpful in narrowing the differential diagnosis of dyspnea. Of the options listed, only cystic fibrosis can cause an obstructive pattern. Other causes of an obstructive pattern include asthma, COPD, α1-antitrypsin deficiency, and bronchiectasis, among others. Common diseases or conditions causing restrictive patterns include adverse reactions to nitrofurantoin, methotrexate, and amiodarone. Chest wall conditions such as kyphosis, scoliosis, and morbid obesity can also cause restrictive patterns. Interstitial lung disease, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, and asbestosis, also causes a restrictive pattern.

After percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for a non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction, the American College of Cardiology (ACC) recommends continuing dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for at least 12 months in patients who do not have a high risk for bleeding. There are few consistent recommendations after 12 months because there is less consistent and high-quality evidence for outcomes beyond this time point.

The net benefit of dual antiplatelet therapy is highest in the first 12 months after PCI. After 12 months of therapy, the risk of bleeding increases. The risk-benefit ratio should be reassessed for all patients after 12 months of therapy. For most patients, discontinuing either the P2Y12 inhibitor or the aspirin is warranted after 12 months. A 2020 meta-analysis found that patients with newer generation drug-eluting stents treated with DAPT for >18 months had a higher all-cause mortality compared with those treated for <6 months.

The ACC indicates that continuing DAPT is reasonable for select patients. Point-of-care tools, such as the PRECISE-DAPT Risk Calculator, use clinical information to calculate the likely cardiac risk reduction and likely risk of bleeding to help inform shared decision-making after 12 months.

Aspirin is the most cost-effective option for long-term antiplatelet therapy. For this patient, who has indicated costs of care are a concern for him, discontinuing clopidogrel is the better choice.

In addition to antiplatelet therapy, control of elevated blood pressure and cholesterol also reduces cardiovascular outcomes in secondary prevention. This patient’s LDL-cholesterol level is at goal and currently <70 mg/dL, so atorvastatin should be continued at the current dosage. He has reached his blood pressure goal of <130/80 mm Hg and has no orthostatic symptoms, so his current blood pressure medication regimen should be continued.

Because patients with an acute ischemic stroke may require the increased perfusion pressure to limit ischemia, antihypertensive therapy should not be given during the first 48–72 hours as long as they are not candidates for, or recipients of, reperfusion therapy with alteplase or thrombectomy; do not have a comorbid condition requiring acute blood pressure lowering; and do not have a blood pressure >220/120 mm Hg. Patients with a history of hypertension can generally resume their home blood pressure medications once they are safely eating and drinking. Basically, you can allow HTN (permissive HTN) within the first 48 hours of having an ischemic stroke that wasn't treated with alteplase or thrombectomy with goal BP <220/120.

[gastro-delhi]

Gastrointestinal Cancer surgery in Delhi

Gastrointestinal Cancer

What is gastrointestinal cancer?

Gastrointestinal cancer is characterized by the development of cancerous cells in the gastrointestinal system. The organs that may be affected during gastrointestinal cancer include the stomach, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, colon, liver, rectum, and anus. In 2018, the new cases of gastrointestinal cancers were 4.8 million. The number of total deaths occurring throughout the world due to gastrointestinal cancer was 3.4 million. Gastrointestinal cancer accounts for almost 26% of the total cancer incidence globally. These cancers also have a share of around 35% in all cancer-related deaths. Early diagnosis helps in the effective management of the disease.

What are the various types of gastrointestinal cancer treated in Delhi?

Treatment of all types of gastrointestinal cancers is available in Delhi. Some of them are:

Stomach Cancer: Stomach cancer is the development of malignant cells in the stomach. It is also known as gastric cancer. There are several types of stomach cancer. The most common type of stomach cancer is adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic Cancer: Pancreatic cancer initiates in the pancreatic tissues. The pancreas assists in the digestion of food and secretes necessary hormones. The most common type of pancreatic cancer is pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma. This cancer occurs in the duct that carries the digestive juice from the pancreas.

Liver Cancer: Liver is present in the abdominal cavity and performs several functions. Liver cancer is of several types. The most common type is hepatocellular carcinoma which occurs in hepatocytes.

Colorectal cancer: Cancer of the colon is known as colon cancer. Cancer of the rectum is known as rectal cancer. Both cancers are sometimes clubbed together and called colorectal cancer.

Anal cancer: Cancer of the anal tissue is known as anal cancer. The most common type of anal cancer is squamous cell carcinoma.

Esophageal cancer: Esophagus is a long hollow structure that extends from the oral cavity to the stomach. Esophageal cancer is the cancer of any tissue of the esophagus.

What are the symptoms of gastrointestinal cancer?

Symptoms of gastrointestinal cancer depend upon the site of cancerous tissues in the gastrointestinal tract.The symptoms of these cancers depend upon the location of the tumor.Some of the common symptoms of gastrointestinal cancer include abdominal swelling and pain, weight loss or loss of appetite, digestion problems, change in bowel frequency or narrowing of stool, diarrhea or constipation, tiredness or weakness, and black o tar-colored stool. Jaundice and difficulty in swallowing are other symptoms.

What are the causes of gastrointestinal cancer?

The exact cause of gastrointestinal cancer is not known. The information about the division of cells is stored in the DNA. However, due to certain factors, this information gets disturbed. It results in uncontrolled cell division resulting in the development of tumors. The tumor then moves to the nearby or distant lymph nodes and other organs.

What are the risk factors for gastrointestinal cancer?

Several factors increase the risk of gastrointestinal cancer. Some of them are:

Gender: Men are at increased risk for developing gastrointestinal cancer than women.

Underlying medical conditions: Several underlying diseases increase the risk of gastrointestinal cancer. Hepatitis A or B infection increases the risk of liver cancer. H. Pylori infection increases the risk of gastric cancer. Prolonged ulcers and gastritis also increase the risk of stomach cancer.

Unhealthy lifestyle: People consuming alcohol, smoking, and unhealthy diets are at higher risk of developing gastrointestinal cancer.

Age: The risk of gastrointestinal cancer increases with age.

How can I prevent the development of gastrointestinal cancer?

Various methods may reduce the risk of gastrointestinal cancer. Some of them are:

Routine checkups, such as colonoscopy or abdominal imaging, in high-risk patients.

Managing diseases such as gastritis, H. Pylori infection, and hepatitis.

Leading a healthy lifestyle, i.e., limiting the consumption of alcohol, exercise quit smoking, and take a healthy diet.

You should consult with the best GI surgeon in Delhi to know more about the measures to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal cancer.

How does the doctor diagnose gastrointestinal cancer?

There are several ways to diagnose gastrointestinal cancer. These are:

Physical examination: The doctor may evaluate the symptoms of the patients such as abdominal pain, weight loss, and loss of appetite.

Laboratory tests: The doctor may advise the patients to undergo blood tests, urine tests, and stool tests to rule out the presence of other diseases.

Other techniques: Techniques such as colonoscopy, endoscopy, MRI, CT scan, and ultrasound helps in determining the anatomical changes in the gastrointestinal tract.

Biopsy: The doctor may obtain a small tissue sample from the suspected site and analyze it in the laboratory for malignancy.

Which doctors should I consult for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer in Delhi?

Visit a specialized gastroenterologist for an initial evaluation of your condition. If the specialist suspects that you might have cancer, he may refer you to the gastrointestinal oncologist. The oncologist will perform a comprehensive analysis. If you have gastrointestinal cancer that requires surgery, the doctor may advise you to consult the best GI surgeon in Delhi.

What are the treatments for gastrointestinal cancer in Delhi?

Various options are available for gastrointestinal cancer treatment in Delhi. Some of the options are:

Surgery: If the surgeon can easily reach the cancerous tissue, it is the preferred treatment option. The surgeon may remove the affected part. Radiotherapy or chemotherapy may accompany the surgery in killing those malignant cells that are difficult to reach.

Chemotherapy: The doctor prescribes you chemotherapeutic medicines that kill the cancerous cells. The doctor may use this therapy along with radiation therapy or surgery.

Radiation therapy: The doctor may also advise you to undergo radiation therapy. During the therapy the radiologists target the high-energy radiation on the cancerous cells, thereby killing them.

What is the prognosis of gastrointestinal cancer?

Prognosis depends upon several factors. These are the stage of diagnosis, age of the patient, organ involved, and response to treatment. People with cancer diagnosed at an early stage have a better outcome than those with cancer who progressed in the advanced stage.

How many days do I need to stay for treatment of gastrointestinal cancer in Delhi?

It depends upon the type of treatment and the stage of your disease. If you are undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy are outpatient.

You can also search:

HIPEC Surgeon in Delhi Gastrointestinal Cancer surgery in Delhi Colorectal Surgery in Delhi Laparoscopic Esophageal Surgery in Delhi Laparoscopic Pancreatic Surgery in Delhi Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery in Delhi Laparoscopic Hepatobiliary Surgery in Delhi GI Surgeon in Delhi Stomach cancer treatment in Delhi Gallbladder stone Surgery in Delhi Robotic surgery in Delhi Esophagus Surgery in Delhi Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery in Delhi Colorectal surgeon in Delhi Pancreatic treatment in Delhi Cancer surgeon in Delhi

[teachingrounds]

Q. What is the most common cause of liver cirrhosis in the United States? In the world?

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A. The most common causes of liver cirrhosis in the US are chronic hepatitis C, alcohol, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The most common cause worldwide is hepatitis B, although that is a vaccine-preventable disease if the country has enough resources.

Pro-Tip: With the ability to successfully treat chronic hepatitis C with anti-virals drug, it is being replaced as the most common kind of cirrhosis treated with liver transplant by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (Individuals with alcoholic cirrhosis typically have to abstain from drinking for 6 months before they are even considered for transplant, so few are treated this way.)

Image: Thomas Godart, "Cirrhosis, with fatty degeneration of the liver" in an 11 y/o child (19th century)

[adamsblogmuscu]

What do you need to know about Dianabol in bodybuilding?

Summary

A very popular doping product, Dianabol is an anabolic steroid widely used in the body-building world. Also known as D-bol, Danabol or Methandrostenolone, it is strictly forbidden for consumption and resale in most countries.

Despite its prohibition and health hazards, many bodybuilders use this product to gain muscle mass and strength faster. The results are certainly incredible, but not without consequences.

Dianabol pills (or methandrostenolone) is the grandfather of doping in modern bodybuilding. Many famous celebrities admit to having used this product during their bodybuilding career in the 60s and 70s, such as Arnold Schwarzenegger, who explained that his performance on the weight bench was closely linked to dianabol.

The creation of this steroid dates back to the late 50s. Moreover, it is still used in bodybuilding. John Ziegler, an American doctor, created and developed Dianabol in 1958 in Basel at the Ciba laboratory (now part of the huge Swiss pharmaceutical group Novartis).

Originally developed to treat certain diseases, the Americans did not hesitate to use methandienone at the Olympic Games to boost the performance of their team in order to compete against the Russians, who also used anabolic steroids. The Cold War even existed in bodybuilding!

Why is Dianabol used in Bodybuilding?

The scientific community has repeatedly pointed to the negative effects of Dianabol on the body. In addition to harmful effects on the liver, the "miracle" steroid is said to significantly increase blood pressure. 

To clarify all this, scientists have conducted a study on a population of athletes, with the aim of finding a dosage to limit the side effects.

Conducted in the 1980s, the study consisted of administering 100 mg of Dianabol daily to athletes. Of course, this dosage allowed the athletes to maximize their gains in muscle mass, knowing that they would have gained up to 7 kg of muscle, without increasing their fat mass. 

However, the study did not only show the positive effects of the steroid: there were also adverse effects on natural testosterone production and plasma GH levels.

Dianabol is a very common doping product in the world of body-building that is mostly taken orally. There is an Dianabol injection, but it is more difficult to obtain.

It is an anabolic steroid, a class of steroid hormones connected to testosterone.

Like all anabolic steroids, it will provide two effects once consumed:

An androgenic effect: that is, it will exacerbate male traits and characteristics;

An anabolic effect that promotes muscle anabolism for better muscle mass development.

Advantages of Dianabol steroid

You want to make a weight gain intensive? Are you looking for a supplement to maintain your earnings, between two cycles? Then a Dianabol cure is for you. Indeed, Dianabol will provide you with rapid and significant growth in your muscle mass.

The Dianabol cure is very popular among bodybuilders. And this is not surprising because this product allows acquiring muscles in a short time. The effects of the cure are as follows:

A significant muscle growth: this effect is primarily due to the nitrogen. Dianabol promotes the retention of this element which is necessary for the development and renewal of muscles. By retaining it in the body, the product allows a faster and more important muscle growth.

Protein synthesis and nutrients: Dianabol has above all an anabolic effect. And this is somehow related to its ability to stimulate the production of insulin by the body. For information, it is a functional protein that is involved in the muscle building process. Insulin pushes the muscle cells to feed themselves by provoking their opening. Otherwise, this element is also involved in protein synthesis.

An important weight loss: Dianabol also causes what is called "hydrosodic retention phenomenon". At the end of the treatment, the athlete loses weight.

Finally, it is good to know that Dianabol is often used alone. However, it also happens that some athletes stack it with other products, which can improve the effect or target certain specific points.

Dianabol Cycle Information and Dosage

Dianabol is mainly presented in the form of pills to be taken orally and the cycles vary from one practitioner to another. It all depends on the level. Dosages vary from 20mg per day to 80mg maximum depending on the level. The Dianabol cycle fluctuate between 4 and 8 weeks maximum.

Some will spread the dosage over the day in two or three doses while others will take the daily amount in one dose 30 minutes before their workout.

If you consume the maximum amount of Dianabol (i.e. 80mg per day), your cycle should not exceed 6 weeks. It is also important to take a break between cycles. This break must be equal to the duration of the cycle (at least). 

Indeed, in addition to being dangerous for the health of the liver and the heart, Dianabol disrupts the hormonal system. It will then be more difficult to have a normal and natural secretion of testosterone.

For example, a beginner can take 10 mg per day: Either 10mg 30 minutes before the beginning of the workout or 5 mg in the morning to 5 mg at the end of the day.

For the intermediate profiles, generally the doses gravitate around 30 to 40 mg per day in one intake up to three intakes.

As for the confirmed bodybuilders, they will take doses up to 80 mg per day over a period of six weeks maximum.

Dianabol is often used as a "kick start" on a course of treatment before switching to other steroids. That is to say that it is used just at the beginning of a cycle to boost its power before switching to another product. In fact many bodybuilders combine DBOL with other products.

Where to buy Dianabol ?

Behind Dianabol, we find the active ingredient methandrostenolone, a powerful anabolic that has the particularity of being very weakly bound to the protein associated with serum. 

The compound therefore boosts protein synthesis to promote the production of new cells, which will then be used for muscle building. You can find Dianabol for sale online.

To explain the worldwide success of Dianabol, it is important to know that most injectable steroids only release their active ingredients after the second or third week of the treatment cycle. With the famous Dianabol, the results will be visible from the first three days of treatment.

[credenceresearchdotblog]

The Carcinoembryonic Antigen Market is projected to grow from USD 1235 million in 2024 to an estimated USD 3522.944 million by 2032, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14% from 2024 to 2032.The global Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) market has been experiencing significant growth, driven by advancements in cancer diagnostics, increased prevalence of cancer worldwide, and the growing awareness of the role of biomarkers in early cancer detection. CEA is a glycoprotein involved in cell adhesion and is commonly used as a tumor marker in cancer diagnostics, particularly for colorectal cancer. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the CEA market, exploring key drivers, restraints, opportunities, and trends shaping its future trajectory.

Browse the full report at https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/carcinoembryonic-antigen-cea-market

Market Definition and Scope

Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) is a biomarker that is frequently measured in blood samples to monitor cancer progression, especially in patients with colorectal, breast, pancreatic, and lung cancers. CEA levels can provide essential insights into cancer recurrence, response to therapy, and prognosis. It plays a crucial role in detecting cancer at an early stage, allowing for timely intervention and personalized treatment plans. The global CEA market encompasses various diagnostic tests, including CEA assays, kits, reagents, and instrumentation.

Key Drivers of the CEA Market

1. Rising Prevalence of Cancer: The increasing incidence of cancer globally is one of the primary factors driving the CEA market. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for approximately 10 million deaths in 2020. Colorectal cancer, in particular, is among the most common cancers, and CEA is widely used in its diagnosis and management.

2. Advancements in Diagnostic Technologies: Technological advancements in diagnostic tools and techniques have improved the accuracy and efficiency of CEA testing. The introduction of highly sensitive immunoassays, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIAs), has enhanced the ability to detect CEA levels in patients, contributing to better cancer management.

3. Growing Demand for Personalized Medicine: As the healthcare industry shifts towards personalized medicine, the demand for biomarkers like CEA is increasing. CEA testing helps in tailoring treatment strategies based on an individual’s tumor biology and response to therapy, improving treatment outcomes and reducing adverse effects.

4. Increasing Awareness and Government Initiatives: Governments and healthcare organizations worldwide are raising awareness about cancer prevention and early detection. In many countries, cancer screening programs that include CEA testing are being implemented to identify high-risk populations. This has further propelled the demand for CEA diagnostic tests.

Challenges and Restraints

1. Limited Specificity of CEA Testing: One of the primary limitations of CEA as a biomarker is its lack of specificity. Elevated CEA levels can also be observed in non-cancerous conditions such as smoking, liver disease, and inflammatory conditions. This can lead to false-positive results, complicating the diagnostic process. Consequently, CEA testing is often used in conjunction with other diagnostic tools to improve accuracy.

2. High Cost of Advanced Diagnostic Tools: The cost associated with advanced diagnostic technologies, including CEA assays, can be prohibitive for healthcare providers, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This limits the accessibility of CEA testing in certain regions, thereby restricting market growth.

3. Regulatory and Reimbursement Challenges: Regulatory approval processes and reimbursement policies for diagnostic tests vary significantly across regions. Stringent regulations and the absence of uniform reimbursement policies can hinder market growth, particularly for new entrants.

Opportunities in the CEA Market

1. Emerging Markets: Developing countries, particularly in Asia-Pacific, are witnessing a surge in healthcare infrastructure development and cancer awareness programs. These regions present significant opportunities for market expansion as healthcare providers invest in advanced diagnostic tools, including CEA testing.

2. Integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI): The integration of AI and machine learning in diagnostic tools offers promising opportunities for the CEA market. AI-powered algorithms can enhance the interpretation of CEA test results, leading to more accurate and timely diagnoses.

3. Collaboration Between Key Players: Collaborations between pharmaceutical companies, diagnostic laboratories, and research institutions can accelerate the development of innovative CEA tests and assays. Such partnerships can also help in overcoming challenges related to regulatory approvals and market penetration.

Market Segmentation

The CEA market can be segmented based on product type, application, and end-user. Product types include CEA assays, kits, reagents, and instruments. Applications of CEA testing are primarily in colorectal cancer, followed by breast, pancreatic, and lung cancers. Key end-users of CEA testing products are hospitals, diagnostic laboratories, and research institutions.

Competitive Landscape

Several key players dominate the CEA market, including Abbott Laboratories, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Siemens Healthineers, and Thermo Fisher Scientific. These companies focus on product innovation, partnerships, and geographic expansion to maintain a competitive edge. For instance, Roche’s Elecsys CEA assay is a popular product in cancer diagnostics, offering high precision and reliability.

Key Player Analysis:

Abbott (U.S.)

Aviva Systems Biology Corporation

Boster Biological Technology (U.S.)

Cigna (U.S.)

Correlogic Systems, Inc. (Hong Kong)

Creative Diagnostics (U.S.)

Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (Switzerland)

Genway Biotech, LLC. (U.S.)

Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (U.S.)

Lee BioSolutions (U.S.)

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER) (U.S.)

Merck KGaA (Germany)

Omega Diagnostics Group PLC (U.K.)

Prospec-Tany Technogene Ltd (Israel)

Quest Diagnostics Incorporated (U.S.)

RayBiotech Life, Inc (U.S.)

Segmentation:

By Type,

Serum CEA

Tissue CEA.

By Gender,

Male

Female

By Product,

Kits,

Reagents,

Instruments

By Test,

Clinical testing

Research testing.

By End-Use,

Hospitals,

Diagnostic laboratories,

Research institutes.

By  Region

North America

The U.S

Canada

Mexico

Europe

Germany

France

The U.K.

Italy

Spain

Rest of Europe

Asia Pacific

China

Japan

India

South Korea

South-east Asia

Rest of Asia Pacific

Latin America

Brazil

Argentina

Rest of Latin America

Middle East & Africa

GCC Countries

South Africa

Rest of Middle East and Africa

Browse the full report at https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/carcinoembryonic-antigen-cea-market

About Us:

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Contact:

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[hrdiagnostics-blog]

Find the Best Radiology Center Near Me for Accurate Diagnosis

Find the Best Radiology Center Near Me for Accurate Diagnosis

In today's fast-paced world, maintaining good health is essential. One of the most crucial aspects of healthcare is early diagnosis. For accurate diagnosis, radiology plays a vital role. Imaging tests, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs, help doctors see inside the body and identify health issues. But finding a reliable radiology center near me can sometimes be a challenge.

In this blog, we will discuss why choosing the right radiology center is important. We will also highlight the services offered at H.R. Diagnostic to ensure you make the best choice for your healthcare needs.

What is Radiology?

Radiology is a medical specialty that uses imaging technology to diagnose and treat diseases. These imaging tests can help doctors visualize the internal structures of the body. It’s a key tool for diagnosing conditions such as broken bones, tumors, and infections.

Common Radiology Tests:

X-ray: Produces images of bones and other dense structures.

CT Scan: Provides detailed cross-sectional images of the body.

MRI: Offers detailed images of soft tissues and organs.

Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to capture images of internal organs.

Choosing the right radiology center near me ensures that these tests are performed accurately, providing critical information to your healthcare provider.

Why You Need a Reliable Radiology Center Near Me

Choosing a reputable radiology center is more than just convenience. It’s about ensuring the accuracy of your results, which impacts your overall health. Let’s explore the reasons why it’s important to pick the right diagnostic facility.

1. Accurate and Fast Results

In healthcare, time is critical. A reliable radiology center provides fast and accurate imaging results, allowing doctors to make timely diagnoses. Whether it's an emergency or a routine checkup, quick test results can make a significant difference in your treatment.

2. Advanced Equipment

Modern radiology centers use state-of-the-art equipment for high-quality imaging. This equipment ensures clear, detailed images, reducing the chances of misdiagnosis. Always look for centers that are equipped with the latest machines when searching for a radiology center near me.

3. Skilled Technicians and Radiologists

The expertise of the technicians and radiologists conducting and interpreting your tests is essential. Skilled professionals ensure that your test is performed correctly and that your doctor receives accurate data for diagnosis. At H.R. Diagnostic, our team is highly trained to handle a wide range of radiology services with precision.

4. Comfort and Convenience

No one enjoys medical tests, but finding a radiology center near me that offers a comfortable environment can make the process smoother. A well-organized, patient-friendly center can ease your anxiety and provide support throughout the process.

Services Offered by H.R. Diagnostic Radiology Center

At H.R. Diagnostic, we provide comprehensive radiology services using the latest technology and highly trained staff. Our goal is to offer precise diagnostic imaging services to all patients. Here’s a closer look at the services we provide:

1. X-rays

X-rays are one of the most common and essential imaging techniques. They help diagnose bone fractures, lung infections, and other internal conditions. At H.R. Diagnostic, our high-quality digital X-ray machines offer clear and precise images, ensuring that you receive a fast and accurate diagnosis.

2. Ultrasound

Ultrasound is widely used for various diagnostic purposes, especially during pregnancy. It’s also used to evaluate organs like the liver, kidneys, and heart. We offer a wide range of ultrasound services at our radiology center near me, ensuring patients receive quick and accurate results.

3. CT Scans

CT scans provide detailed images of the body's internal structures and are often used to diagnose conditions such as cancer or cardiovascular diseases. H.R. Diagnostic offers advanced CT scanning services, providing a quick turnaround time with precise images for better medical decision-making.

4. MRI

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is essential for diagnosing soft tissue conditions, including brain, spinal cord, and muscle injuries. Our MRI services are designed to provide accurate and detailed images with comfort in mind. Our team ensures that your experience is smooth and that results are delivered promptly.

5. Mammography

Mammography is a critical screening tool for detecting breast cancer early. At H.R. Diagnostic, we offer both routine and diagnostic mammograms. Our advanced digital equipment ensures precise imaging and early detection.

How to Choose the Best Radiology Center Near Me

With many options available, finding the right radiology center might seem overwhelming. However, by considering certain factors, you can make the best choice for your health.

1. Location and Accessibility

When searching for a radiology center near me, the first thing to consider is location. Is the center conveniently located? Do they offer easy parking or access via public transportation? These practicalities can make a significant difference, especially in an emergency.

2. Technology

Ensure the center you choose has advanced equipment. Up-to-date machines can provide clearer images, reducing the need for repeat scans. H.R. Diagnostic uses state-of-the-art technology to provide the most accurate results.

3. Cost and Insurance

Radiology tests can be costly. Ensure the center accepts your insurance and provides transparent pricing. At H.R. Diagnostic, we offer affordable imaging services and work with a wide range of insurance providers, ensuring you receive the best care without financial stress.

4. Accreditation

Accreditation ensures that the radiology center meets industry standards for quality and safety. Look for certifications from reputable healthcare organizations. H.R. Diagnostic is fully accredited and committed to providing the highest level of care to all patients.

Why Choose H.R. Diagnostic as Your Radiology Center Near Me?

At H.R. Diagnostic, we take pride in offering high-quality radiology services tailored to meet the needs of our patients. Here’s why you should consider us when looking for a radiology center near me.

1. Personalized Care

We understand that every patient is unique. Our radiology center focuses on providing personalized care, ensuring that each patient receives the attention and service they deserve.

2. Qualified Professionals

Our team consists of highly qualified and experienced radiologists and technicians. They are dedicated to ensuring the accuracy of your imaging results and providing support throughout your diagnostic journey.

3. State-of-the-Art Technology

We invest in the latest radiology equipment to ensure that your diagnostic tests are performed using the best technology available. This ensures clearer images and faster results.

4. Comfort and Safety

We prioritize your comfort and safety. Our staff ensures that each test is conducted in a patient-friendly environment. We also take stringent measures to ensure the safety of both patients and staff.

Conclusion

In healthcare, accurate diagnosis is key to effective treatment. Finding the right radiology center near me ensures that you receive the most reliable and timely imaging services. At H.R. Diagnostic, we are committed to providing top-notch radiology services using state-of-the-art technology and highly trained professionals. Whether you need an X-ray, CT scan, MRI, or ultrasound, we are here to offer personalized and efficient care.

If you're searching for a reliable radiology center near me, H.R. Diagnostic is here to serve you. Book your appointment today and experience quality care with us!

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Author Bio: Simi Gajala has been working in digital marketing since 2018, amassing 6 years of experience. Currently Working as a Digital Marketing Executive at H.R. Diagnostics. Simi specializes in SEO, SMO, Google Ads, Meta Ads, and blogs & content writing, Boosting Brands, Increasing Visibility, And Enhancing Online Performance.