#rgMII

[forlinx]

Forlinx Officially Launches RISC-V SoM Based on StarFive JH7110!

Forlinx has officially launched their latest System-on-Module, featuring the powerful StarFive JH7110 RISC-V chip. These versatile SoM and compatible carrier board are now available for order, catering to a wide range of applications including commercial, medical, and industrial automation.

Recently, a few embedded products have emerged utilizing the same processor, including the VisionFive 2, Pine64, and Milk-V Mars. However, the FET7110 SoM will be the first product from Forlinx to feature the integrated Jinghong 7110 processor. See the JH7110 block diagram for reference.

• JH7110 – 64-bit RISC-V, up to 1.5GHz (quad SiFive U74-RV64GC, up to 5.09 CoreMark/MHz)

JH7110 block diagram

The JH7110’s GPU integrates the IMG BXE-4-32 MC1 (up to 600MHz) which offers full support for mainstream APIs like OpenCL 3.0, OpenGL ES 3.2, and Vulkan 1.2.

Regarding power consumption, Forlinx indicates that the JH7110 is segmented into eight independently switchable power domains. Additionally, the CPU frequency can be dynamically adjusted via software, allowing customers to fine-tune the frequency based on various application scenarios that require flexible control and power consumption.

The JH7110 facilitates camera access through both MIPI-CSI and DVP interfaces, with ISP support. It enables video decoding capabilities of up to 4K@60fps and video encoding of 1080p@30fps. Moreover, the SoM supports HDMI (4K@30fps) and RGB (1080p@30fps) display output interfaces, along with MIPI-DSI (2K@30fps).

Specifications listed for the FET7110-C SoM include:

• Memory/Storage:

￮ 2/4GB LPDDR4 RAM

￮ 32GB eMMC 5.0

￮ 100 Mbps QSPI

￮ SD 3.0/MMC 5.0

• Connectivity:

￮ 2x GMAC for RMII/RGMII 10/100/1000 Mbps

• Display/Audio:

￮ 1x HDMI 2.0 (up to 4K@30fps)

￮ 1x 4-lane MIPI DSI, (up to 2K@30fps)

￮ 8-lane I2S PCM/TDM

• Camera:

￮ 1x 4-lane MIPI-CSI

• Expansion:

￮ 1x PCIe2.0x1, 2 PCIe2.0 controllers integrated w/ PHY

• USB:

￮ 1x USB 2.0

￮ 1x USB 3.0

• I/O Peripherals:

￮ 6x UART, 7x I2C, 7x SPI

￮ 1x SDIO

￮ 8x PWM

￮ 64x GPIOs

￮ 2x CAN 2.0B (Up to 5Mbps)

• Power:

￮ 5V DC

• OS:

￮ Linux 5.15.0

• Mechanical:

￮ 60 x 38mm

￮ B2B connectors (3x 80-pin)

Specifications listed for the OK7110-C development board include:

• Memory/Storage:

￮ 2/4GB  LPDDR4 RAM

￮ 32GB eMMC 5.0

￮ 100 Mbps QSPI

￮ SD 3.0/MMC 5.0

• Connectivity:

￮ 2x Gigabit Ethernet ports

• Display/Audio:

￮ 1x HDMI 2.0 port

￮ 1x MIPI DSI

￮ 2x Speakers

￮ 1x Mic

• Camera:

￮ 1x MIPI-CSI

• Expansion:

￮ 2x PCIE 2.0

￮ 1x Micro SIM

• USB:

￮ 1x USB Type-C

￮ 3x USB 3.0

• I/O Peripherals:

￮ 2x CAN

￮ 2x RS485

• Other Features:

￮ 1x Power button, 1x Reset key

￮ RTC battery

• Power:

￮ 12V DC (via barrel connector)

• Mechanical

￮ B2B connectors (3x 80-pin)

These products are now available for ordering. Customers can find the product page for the FET7110-C SoM here.

[lanshengic]

Russia's 'Baikal' benchmark compares Intel and Huawei chips

【Lansheng Technology Information】Russian CPU manufacturer Baikal previously launched the Baikal-S server CPU, which was hyped by local media as a challenger to Intel and AMD. However, CPU benchmarks from Russian news outlet CNews have now surfaced and present a completely different picture.

It is understood that Baikal-S was released in October 2021, when the first batch of engineering samples of the new product arrived in Russia from Taiwan's TSMC. The processor is manufactured using a 16 nm process technology, has 48 ARM Cortex-A75 cores, six channels of DDR4 3200 MHz memory - up to 768 GB per socket (128 GB per channel), and supports hardware virtualization.

The chip interconnect consists of three CCIX x16 interfaces; each lane runs at 16 Gbps. The set of I/O interfaces includes 80 PCIe Gen 4.0 lanes (48 lanes are shared by the CCIX interface), two 1 Gb Ethernet RGMII lanes, and a USB 2.0 ULPI.

Baikal-S was originally designed to run at a clock frequency of 2 GHz. The developers assumed that he would be able to work stably in more advanced modes, but they were later able to fully verify this by working on a serial board and achieving more efficient cooling.

Therefore, the indicators provided by the company will regularly take into account the parameters of Baikal-S with frequencies of 2GHz and 2.5GHz.

In terms of testing competitors, Intel's Xeon Gold 6230 and Huawei's Kunpeng 920 were chosen. Intel's Xeon Gold 6230 was released in 2019, with a design process of 14nm, 20 ARM cores, and a frequency of 2.1GHz. Baikal Electronics told CNews that the processor was chosen because of its similar performance and price to the Baikal-S at the time of the Russian chip's launch.

The Huawei Kunpeng 920 was released in September 2019, and at launch, the creators called it the "highest performance ARM-based processor." The Kunpeng 920 7nm process is the most advanced. The self-developed TaiShan v110 architecture is also 48 cores, with a fixed main frequency of 2.6GHz, a L3 cache of 48MB, and a thermal design power consumption of up to 158W. One of the reasons Baikal Electronics chose it was its similar architecture to Baikal-S - AWP V8.

Lansheng Technology Limited, which is a spot stock distributor of many well-known brands, we have price advantage of the first-hand spot channel, and have technical supports. 

Our main brands: STMicroelectronics, Toshiba, Microchip, Vishay, Marvell, ON Semiconductor, AOS, DIODES, Murata, Samsung, Hyundai/Hynix, Xilinx, Micron, Infinone, Texas Instruments, ADI, Maxim Integrated, NXP, etc

To learn more about our products, services, and capabilities, please visit our website at http://www.lanshengic.com

[wallys-wifi-wireless]

Wallys|QSDK 5G router/AR9344 802.11a/802.11n

AR9344 is the industry's top WLAN chip manufacturer Atheros's new generation WLAN SoC, the core is MIPS 74Kc, the main frequency is up to 533MHz, with a high degree of integration. Suitable for developing wireless router, wireless AP, wireless bridge, etc.

The AR9344 integrates a PCI-e Root Complex and a PCI-e Endpoint interface, a 5-port 100-Megabit Ethernet switch, a MII/RMII/RGMII interface, a USB2.0 MAC/PHY, and supports DDR1/DDR2 SDRAM. Supports SPI Flash and NAND Flash. The I2S/SPDIF audio output interface of AR9344 can be connected to an audio codec chip for audio related applications.

The AR9344 is internally integrated with high performance MAC/ baseband/RF and supports 2.4GHz/5GHz 2×2 MIMO, providing up to 300Mbps wireless bandwidth.

AR9344 features:

74kc MIPS processor with 64KB I-Cache and 32KB D-Cache operating up to 560mhz, external 16-bit or 32-bit DDR1, DDR2 operating up to 225MHz (450m transmission/SEC),NAND and SPI and Flash memory support; SLIC for VOIP/PCM, 10/100 Ethernet switch with 5 IEEE 802.3 Ethernet LAN ports,MII/RGMII interface; 802.3az energy-efficient Ethernet is compatible with hardhard-based Ethernet interface NAT&ACL accelerator, supports PCIExpress 1.1 root complex and endpoint interface, a built-in MAC/PHY USB2.0 controller, supports host or device mode, and boot from external CPU via PCIE, USB, xMII. No external flash memory,I2S/SPDIF-OUT audio interface; Optional external LNA/PA, a low speed UART(115 Kbps), a high speed UART(3 Mbps) and multiple GPIO pins for general purpose I/O, fully integrated RF front-end, including PAS and LNAs; Advanced dynamic power management,25MHz or 40MHz reference clock input; 1.2V switching regulator

Featuring with industrial-grade Atheros/ AR9344(560 MHz)chipset,DR344

Integrated with 1 x 5G high power (up to 30dBm aggregate ) radio card

Supports 1 x 10/100Mbps Fast Ethernet Port and 1 x 10/100/1000Mbps Gigabit Ethernet Port

Support WiFi application（Optional）

Support 2 x 5G MMCX connectors

Support 5M/10M/20M/40M Bandwidth

Support 1 x USB2.0（Optional）

Support operating frequency from 2.312 GHz to 2.502 GHz and 4.92GHz to 6.085GHz

RoHS compliance ensure a high level protection of human health and the environment from risks that can be posed by chemicals

[t2mip]

T2M发布适用于千兆网络的1G以太网PHY IP核

伴随着财年进入最后一个季度，全球独立的半导体IP核供应商和专业技术授权公司T2MIP高兴地宣布其合作伙伴的GbE（10/100/1000 Base-T）PHY IP核可立即进行客户技术授权。该IP核的功耗和芯片面积指标令人印象深刻，能够便捷地集成到任何芯片的子系统中。

这个1G以太网PHY IP核是高度集成的单芯片方案，适用于千兆10/100/1000以太网应用，已在主要芯片制造厂实现量产。IP核符合IEEE 802.3u/ab标准的单端口千兆以太网物理层收发器规格要求，具有较低的功耗，支持以10BASE-T、100BASE-T和1000BASE-T的模式工作，可通过GMII（Giga媒体独立接口）或RGMII连接媒体访问控制层（MAC）实现无障碍的网络流媒体业务。

 因为支持GMII和MII的双端口MAC接口，数字1G以太网MAC、TSN MAC和PCS控制器IP核可以和GPHY IP核组合授权。另外这个IP核也支持IEEE 1500规范，可以实现SoC集成测试所需的链路模式、状态、速度、活动和碰撞的LED指示灯。这些功能可以提高最终用户的网络体验。

除支持半双工和全双工模式外，GPHY还具有领先的抖动容限和内置自检功能，包括模式发生器/自检器。它还包括内置的差错计数器和自检电路，可以实现对信号质量的监测。该IP核的适用范围广泛而又灵活，支持汽车电子连接功能所需的BroadR-Reach™技术。

1G以太网PHY IP核可以以白盒的形式在全球范围内向客户授权，所谓白盒授权是无使用次数限制的永久授权方式，授权客户拥有完全自主的修改权（规格变更、缺陷修正、其他工艺节点移植）。千兆位以太网PHY IP核还可用于半导体行业的数据服务器、汽车、多媒体设备、路由器和其他消费电子....。

除了1G以太网PHY IP核，T2M广泛的硅接口IP核组合包括USB、PCIe、串行ATA、HDMI、显示端口、MIPI、DDR、可编程SerDes、SD/eMMC和更多带有匹配PHY的控制器，可在主要工厂以小至6纳米的工艺几何尺寸使用。它们还可以根据要求被移植到其他晶圆厂和前沿工艺节点。

 可用性：这些半导体IP核可以立即进行客户授权，既可以单独授权，也可与预集成的控制器和PHY组合授权。有关授权的选择和报价等更多信息，请发送邮件至contact@t-2-m.com，进行了解。

关于T2M：T2MIP是全球独立的半导体专业授权技术公司，提供复杂的半导体IP核、软件、KGD和颠覆性技术，帮助客户加速开发可穿戴设备、物联网、通信、存储、服务器、网络、电视、机顶盒和卫星SoC。欲了解更多信息，请访问：www.t-2-m.com

[ahmytricks]

New COMeT10-3900 Computer-on-Module Offers up to 8GB LPDDR4 2400 MT/s

New COMeT10-3900 Computer-on-Module Offers up to 8GB LPDDR4 2400 MT/s

Press Release Summary:

Equipped with Intel Atom® E3900 series System on Chip (SoC) processor with two USB 3.1 Gen 1 and six USB 2.0 channels, and one i210 1Gb/s Ethernet RGMII with IEEE 1588 support

Features wide-range power input, accommodating 4.75V to 20V DC, onboard eMMC 5.x storage options, and soldered LPDDR4 for shock- and vibration-sensitive applications

Includes TPM-2.0 onboard for…

[toradex]

Ethernet Compliance Testing at Toradex

Introduction

Toradex offers robust and reliable embedded systems, which are required to work continuously in harsh environments. Ethernet is one of the most important interfaces for the Internet of Things (IoT). We will review some Ethernet standards and show you how Toradex tests for compliance with them.

After looking at the standards, we’ll describe our test configuration, test procedures, and the test results. A Colibri iMX6ULL SoM and Iris Carrier Board were used in this example, but you can use this as a model for testing custom carrier boards if that testing will be part of your verification process.

Why We Use Standards and Do Compliance Testing

Ethernet designs adhere to the IEEE 802.3 standard, which defines the Physical and Data Link layer of the seven-layer Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. Waveform characteristics are specified in the standard. Designing to this standard allows compatibility and interoperability with other devices, in all kinds of environments all over the world. Otherwise, transmission issues and data losses are likely to occur. Compliance testing ensures that the implementation meets the standard.

In addition to the waveform characteristics specified in the IEEE 802.3 standard, the University of New Hampshire InterOperability Laboratory (UNH-IOL) has provided standard conformance test procedures for those signals.

The documents can be found at these links:

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/browse/standards/get-program/page/series?id=68

https://www.iol.unh.edu/

Ethernet Physical Layer Basics

The Ethernet standard is several thousand pages, so we’ll just cover the most important concepts and some key terminology.

Figure 1 OSI Reference Model from IEEE Standard for Ethernet

Let’s start with the physical medium. Signals typically arrive through a twisted pair copper cable to an Ethernet jack with magnetics on our Carrier Board, then continue through impedance matched differential traces on the PCB to the Ethernet PHY IC. This device converts analog signals from the medium to digital signals for the processor and vice versa.

The electrical signals first encounter the Medium Dependent Interface (MDI) of the PHY, a part of the Physical layer. Different physical media have different characteristics. In accordance with the specific kind of the media, the signals are transformed and sent to the next layer of the OSI-model, the Data Link Layer. We provide 10Base-T and 100Base-TX (Fast Ethernet) on our Colibri Modules and 1000Base-T (Gigabit) on the Apalis modules. The standardized interface between the first two OSI-layers is called Media Independent Interface (MII) and is independent of the physical layer.

Meanwhile, we are talking about the advanced backward-compatible Reduced Gigabit Media Independent Interface (RGMII) and the next interface for the 10 Gigabit is already named as XGMII. Reduced means that there are fewer signals needed for the same standard. The xMII’s are parallel data buses. There is a supplementary serial bus for management purpose called Management Data Input/Output (MDIO). The xMII interface ends at the Media Access Control (MAC) layer. Here the well-known MAC address is used as a unique identifier. The MAC layer can be integrated with the System on Chip (SoC), like on NXP® processors. But it could be already embedded in the same IC as the PHY, which is better known as an Ethernet Controller. The Ethernet Controller IC, in turn, is connected with the SoC through a separate interface like USB or PCIe. Note that we are not looking at higher OSI layers and protocols like ARP, NDP, IP, TCP, UDP, etc., which are organized in frames and packages, because for all these protocols the electrical characteristics on the first physical levels are the same!

For now, let’s go back to the physical layer. There are 2 main characteristics of the physical link I’d like to expand on, namely, speed and duplex mode. Our modules support speeds up to 1Gbit on Apalis Modules and 100Mbit on Colibri Modules, and both half and full duplex modes. In full duplex mode of operation, PHYs on both ends of the link can communicate with each other simultaneously. For the half duplex mode, where the PHY can’t receive and transmit data at the same time, there need to use the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) to avoid collisions and control the data flow.

As already described, our Apalis Modules are capable of Gigabit Ethernet, but how do the communication partners know with which speed they can send the data? An-auto negotiation procedure exists, where the linking partners set the best link trough 16ms link pulses. Please be careful with auto-negotiation settings, as there is a well-known problem of the duplex mismatch, when the linking partners are configured in a fixed way. On the electrical side of the physical layer 10Base-T and 100Base-TX use two twisted pairs while 1000Base-TX uses 4. 100Base-TX is faster than 10Base-T based on the much faster frequency of 62.5 MHz instead of 10 MHz and denser signal modulation scheme (PAM-3). 1000Base-TX uses the same frequency as 100Base-TX, but transmits across 4 twisted pairs and with a higher level of modulation (PAM-5). Finally, there is an additional feature called EEE, Energy Efficient Ethernet. The aim of this standard is to save energy.

https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/application-notes/EE-269.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duplex_mismatch

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media-independent_interface

https://www.asix.com.tw/new_alias.php?alias=93&full=http://www.embedded.com/design/202804534

The picture below summarizes the Ethernet possibilities on the Toradex SoM approach:

Automotive Ethernet

Before we continue to the Compliance Testing, I want to quickly let you know that I receive a lot of questions about 100Base-T1, better known as Automotive Ethernet. The customers want to know, if it is possible to connect Automotive Ethernet to a fast Ethernet PHY. The 100Base-T1 has a different physical layer specification to fulfill the requirements in a harsher automotive environment. It is not possible to connect it, but the MII is still the same! The solution is to connect the 100Base-T1 PHY to the Multimedia Independent Interface of the SoC directly. Consequently, a Module with an xMII on the Module Edge Connector must be selected! Of course, you have to design your Custom Carrier Board with a 100Base-T1 PHY. Here you can find the list of Toradex Modules which provide an xMII on the edge connector. Please note that this is not a Standard Toradex Interface and the pin assignment varies with each module.

Apalis iMX8

Colibri iMX8X

Colibri iMX7

Colibri iMX6ULL

Colibri Vybrid

Ethernet Compliance Testing for Toradex Systems

Figure 2 10Base-T Test: DOV Internal MAU Normal

After this very short overview, I want to continue with the compliance testing, where we test the electrical signals in time and voltage. The electrical signals look totally different for the 10/100/1000 Mbps and have different requirements as you can see in the oscillograms.

The tests evaluate the voltage amplitudes, jitter values, rise/fall times and other signal characteristics. For each test a defined test signal must be generated by the DUT, e.g. a continuous pseudo-random signal has to be emitted. The easiest way to test the signal requirements is to define a test mask. The signals must not intersect with the mask in order to fulfill the specification. The 10Base-T tests are very often defined through a test mask, as you can see in the first figure. I want to mention some values: The Peak Differential Output Voltage must be between 2.2 V and 2.8 V. The Differential Output Voltage Harmonics must be greater than 27 dB and all Jitter values must be smaller than 22 ns. Very interesting is the twisted-pair model for 10Base-T, which must be used for some compliance tests. With the equivalent circuit based on lumped elements, it is possible to model multiple different transmission elements with just passive components. Depending on the PHY a linking partner is needed for 10Base-T compliance tests. You can download the Test Report of Colibri iMX6ULL as an example, where you can find all tests.

Figure 3 Measured differential random 10Base-T signal without load

The interface characteristics for 100Base-TX are defined in table 2 based on the MLT-3 voltage signals with three levels. The data is encoded before with 4B5B algorithm, so a clock recovery out of the data stream is possible because a level transition is forced. For our test equipment, a pseudo-random test pattern (PRBS7) is enough for all the tests. However, some tests only trigger on defined patterns and measures only at that moment the specific values.

Table 2 Interface Characteristics 100Base-TX Characteristics Min Max Unit UTP DOV Base to Upper/Lower 950 1050 mV Signal Amplitude Symmetry 98 102 % Rise/Fall Time 3 5 ns Rise/Fall Time Symmetry 0 500 ps Duty Cycle Distortion -250 250 ps Transmit Jitter 0 1.4 ns Overshoot 0 5 %

Figure 4 Measured differential random signal 100Base-TX

The test criteria are defined in a similar manner for the 1000Base-T. I am not going to list them. For these tests an additional disturber in the form of an Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG) is needed to create the required disturbing signals with the frequency of 31.25 MHz and 20.833 MHz. In figure 5 you can see the test pattern of test mode 1 produced by the PHY. There are four different test patterns, which can be generated through PHY’s MDIO register settings. Please don’t forget that we have to perform the compliance test four times, because of the four twisted pairs.

Figure 5 Definition of Test Mode 1 Waveform 1000Base-T from IEEE Standard for Ethernet

Figure 6 Measured differential Test Mode 4 Distortion Test 1000Base-T without disturber

We have now seen some of the electrical requirements that must be fulfilled to be compliant with the interface definition. Before we have a closer look at the test equipment, I want to try and solve the most important question of this Blog: How do you generate those test signals?

Each PHY vendor has a custom method to modify the necessary register settings to enter the test modes. That is often not publicly available, and you must ask your PHY vendor. A very good example is Microchip, who has provided all information about Ethernet Compliance in one document since last year. These are the Ethernet PHYs, which we use in our modules, KSZ8041 and KSZ9031. I also want to share a document from TI with you, just as a further example. If you are looking for a new Ethernet PHY and want to do Ethernet Compliance Testing, please ask your vendor for detailed information about the register settings in advance!

http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/AppNotes/AN2686-Ethernet-Compliance-Test-10BASET-100BASETX-1000BASET.pdf

http://www.ti.com/lit/an/snla239a/snla239a.pdf

Test Equipment

As depicted above, we must measure some picoseconds precisely. For that we need very good tooling. You should use an oscilloscope with a bandwidth of 1 GHz and memory of 4MS or greater. Usually you need a test fixture, which transforms the Ethernet signals from an Ethernet Jack to the oscilloscope input channels. That is why we work closely with Teledyne LeCroy. We have a great collaboration on a technical level. We use a high-end oscilloscope from the WaveMaster series with appropriate hardware and software tools. Of course, there is equipment from other vendors available like Tektronix, Rhode&Schwarz, Keysight and others.

Quotation from Mr. Hofferbert, specialist at Teledyne LeCroy:

“Teledyne LeCroy is a leading manufacturer of digital storage oscilloscopes (DSO). With modern DSOs it is possible to perform qualification measurements. Toradex uses appropriate equipment from Teledyne LeCroy to test the design of Ethernet PHYs. With the combination of our QualiPHY Software and latest oscilloscopes, a semi-automatic test has been implemented to test the physical level of the Ethernet PHYs according to the IEEE 802.3 specification. This measurement solution allows the development engineers at Toradex to test and resolve issues with signal integrity in an early development stage of their embedded systems. Toradex is very interested in using the measurement equipment as efficiently as possible. If there are any uncertainties or measurement deviation, we work together to quickly solve these issues and provide our expertise in measurement application.” Gregor Hofferbert, Teledyne LeCroy

www.teledynelecroy.com

http://cdn.teledynelecroy.com/files/manuals/qualiphyenetmanual.pdf

Conclusion

After performing a compliance test, we can create a compliance report to verify our PCB design. As you can see in the test report from Teledyne LeCroy, the Colibri iMX6ULL with Iris Carrier Board is compliant with 10Base-T and 100Base-TX standard. So, we are sure that our implementation will work with other compliant systems. We can share with confidence our PCB implementation of the Ethernet Interface with our customers. You can find the Carrier Board Design Guides here: https://developer.toradex.com/carrier-board-design

We also share our Carrier Boards Designs as Altium Designer projects for free with our customers. We provide a lot of help through our community channel as well: https://www.toradex.com/community

We started to implement and provide our testing SW in our latest BSP. We adopt the existing drivers to be easily run with our modules to perform Compliance Tests. But again be careful, for each PHY you need different SW techniques to get the test pattern. There is no simple handbook. For example: https://git.toradex.com/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?h=tegra-next&id=13bd0f089ac6babeb7248fe3db4b9c19233cce3c

But issues can occur with wrong routing, bad ground layout, or inaccurate crystal circuit design. It also depends on the testing environment. Ground loops and noisy or underpowered power supplies can cause measuring errors. It is important to follow the design guides of the PHY vendors. I like the troubleshooting document provided by Intel, that you can use for the first debug consultation. There is a basic overview of failures and possible sources. Designs with too long traces, low quality magnetics or improper use of the measurement equipment can always be the source of failing the compliance test. But there are also specific errors which can be put in a strong correlation. E.g. wrong amplitude values are often caused by wrongly assembled bias resistors or issues with the centre tap circuits. Whereas too high Jitter values are due to crystal issues, impedance mismatch or bad power supply. In general, your Ethernet PHY vendor should be able to help you, probably even with a schematic or layout review.

https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/application-notes/ieee-conformance-phy-app-note.pdf

In this blog, I gave you some insights to one of the many verifications Toradex does to achieve such high-quality products. Internal testing by us and your adherence to our design guides reduces your risk to a minimum. For the highest quality, you can do your verification with your own customized carrier board, and that you follow the system engineering approach (as documented by NASA, for instance) which recommends testing in early stages to reduce risk and cost. I hope I gave you plenty of information to get started. If you need more information feel free to reach out.

[bbkic]

Ethernet PHY & MAC Interface

MII, RMII, GMII, RGMII, ...

기가비트 PHY 칩과 MAC 칩의 인터페이스인 RGMII 의 그림을 살짝 보자.

(From https://dokkodai.tistory.com/176 )

RGMII (Reduced Gigabit Media Independent Interface)

MII 와 아주 유사한데 중요한 것은 클럭이다. 

100Mbps = 25MHz * 4bit

1Gbps = 125MHz * 8bit (따라서, RGMII 는 rising / falling edge 2군데서 4비트씩 데이터를 가져오도록 구현되어 있다.)

다른 내용도 좀 더 살펴보고 싶다면, 아래 개발자 블로그를 방문해 주세요 ^^.

(From Ethernet PHY(MAC) Interface 종류(MII, RMII, GMII, RGMI) :: OSHW Alchemist) 

10/100Mbps 의 이더넷칩에는 의례희 MAC 과 PHY 가 하나의 칩에 들어간다. 하지만 Gigabit 이더넷이 되면 MAC 과 PHY 가 분리된다.  MAC 은  순수한 1,0 데이타를 말하며  PHY 를  이비트들을 전기적이 신호성분으로 변경하는 부분을 말한다.  참고로 PHY에서 4B/5B 엔코딩,디코딩을 실행한다. (4B/5B 엔코딩은 4비트를 5비트로 확장하는 엔코딩이다.) MII (Media Independent Interface) 처음나온 MAC, PHY 인터페이스는 MII (Media Independent Interface) 이다. 

[lynleyblake]

New LAN8770 Ethernet Physical Layer Transceiver is IEEE 802.3bw Compliant

Available in 5 x 5 mm. or 6 x 6 mm. wettable-flanks QFN package and is ideal for space-constrained applications such as the infotainment head unit, telematics modules or Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) Provides 100 Mbps transmit and receive capability over single Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP), exceeds automotive electromagnetic interference requirements Supports communication with Ethernet MAC via standard MII/RMII and MII/RMII/RGMII interfaces, respectively This story is related to the following: Computer Hardware & Peripherals Search for suppliers of: Transceivers from Air Conditioning /fullstory/new-lan8770-ethernet-physical-layer-transceiver-is-ieee-802-3bw-compliant-40038083 via http://www.rssmix.com/

[forlinx]

A40i Application Notes: Three Frequently Encountered NIC Software Problems and Troubleshooting Ideas

Although there is only one network port on the Forlinx Embedded OKA40i-C EVK, the Allwinner A40i-H processor has two network controllers, so there is a dual network port solution in the datasheet offered by Forlinx Embedded. Engineers may encounter some NIC design problems. We will share three kinds of NIC software problems that appear easy when using the OKA40i-C EVK and troubleshooting ideas.

01 Problem Analysis

Problem description 1: Ethernet initialization error No phy found

When executing the ifconfig eth0 up command, the "No phy found" exception log appears.

Issue analysis:

The common reason for "No phy found" is that the 25M clock used for phy is abnormal, which causes phy to work abnormally, and the gmac driver can't read the phy device information through the mdio interface.

If the MDIO pin configuration or phy address is incorrect, then MDIO doesn't do the pull-up resistor, and GMAC can not read the phy device information. We can use an oscilloscope to measure if the MDIO waveform is correct, or if the phy chip reset fails, it needs to replace the phy chip reset pull-up resistor.

Troubleshooting steps:

(1) Check the phy power supply status;

(2) Check the 25M clock (Soc ephy25M or external crystal) used by phy;

(3) Check if the phy-mode is configured according to the actual board level (mii/rmii/rgmii).

(4) Check the MDIO for pull-up resistors;

(5) Check the MDIO pins configuration;

(6) Is the eMAC phy address consistent with the hardware;

(7) Check that the reset pull-up resistor is consistent with the schematic reference scheme.

MDIO communication is verified as normal:

We can use the phytool tool to read the 0x02 0x03 register. Successful reading of PHY chip ID means the MDIO communication is normal.

Problem description 2: Ethernet initialization error NO SUCN DEVICE

Execute the command ifconfig -a/ifconfig eth0/ifconfig eth0 up. the eth0 device is not found.

Problem analysis:

The Ethernet module configuration is not in effect or there is a GPIO conflict.

Troubleshooting steps:

Step 1: Capture the kernel boot log, search for the "gmac" key field, and check whether the gmac driver has been probed successfully;

Step 2: If the kernel boot log shows mac controller probe failure, the common cause is due to GPIO resource conflict.

Solution:

GPIO conflict will have an error message, according to the error, check the GPIO conflict pins.

Check the Ethernet module configuration.

Problem description 3: Ethernet initialization error Initialize hardware error

Execute the ifconfig eth0 up command and the "Initialize hardware error" exception log appears.

Problem analysis:

Initialize hardware error" appears, usually because the phy does not output RX CLK to the MAC controller, resulting in a soft reset failure within the MAC controller.

Common causes are phy abnormal power supply or 25M clock. Alternatively, we can check data pin clock, and RMILL RX CLK TX CLK.

Troubleshooting steps:

Grab the rx_clk clock waveform with an oscilloscope to see if the clock remains stable at 25M; and if it appears to jump back and forth at 25M/2.5M. That is, MAC and phy are not linked successfully.

Solution:

Software can link successfully by setting register 0 fixed to 100M full duplex after phy reset. Problem solution:

Add phy_write(phydev, 0x0, 0x2100) before phy_connect_direct in geth_phy_init function in drivers/net/ethernet/allwinner/sunxi-gmac.c.

The following are common NIC design issues in the OKA40i-C EVK development, some of which may be due to configuration issues when referencing the solution or improper output signals from the chip. When referring to the dual network port solution for the OKA40i-C EVK, you may refer to the issues summarized in this article for solving the problems in your projects.

The following are some troubleshooting methods for common NIC software problems.

02 Troubleshooting Methods

These methods may provide you with some debugging ideas for phy. The tools mentioned in the following article may help you quickly find and solve NIC problems.

(1) Check that menuconfig and dts Ethernet configuration are turned on; (2) Check whether the phy-mode configuration matches the physical interface between the PHY and GMAC, such as rgmii, rmii, and so on; (3) Check if the GPIO configuration is correct, such as IO multiplexing function, driving capability, etc; (4) Verify that the MDIO is correct by reading the phy ID with the phytool tool.

As shown below, the JL11x1 phy ID reading normal means MDIO communication is normal.

Use the phytool tool to read the phy status register and view the phy chip status. Take JL11x1 as an example: if the 0x01 status register reads the 0x786d indicating the link is successful and can work properly.

That’s all OKA40i-C SBC dual-network port NIC software problem analysis and troubleshooting direction. Hoping it is helpful for your project development.

For additional information, visit the OKA40i-C Single Board Computer

Originally published at www.forlinx.net.

[lanshengic]

Samsung announces Exynos Auto V920 chip specifications: Xclipse GPU with integrated RDNA 2 architecture

Some time ago, Samsung launched the Exynos Auto V920 chip to replace the previous Exynos Auto V9 chip. This is Samsung's third-generation automotive chip for new in-vehicle infotainment systems. It plans to cooperate with Hyundai Motor for the first time to install the Exynos Auto V920 chip in the latter's new model in 2025.

Recently, Samsung announced the specifications of the Exynos Auto V920 chip, showing that the CPU part is a "2+4+4" three-plex architecture with 10 Cortex-A78EA cores; the GPU part uses the AMD RDNA 2 architecture Xclipse GPU; equipped with Dual-core NPU, which can provide 23.1 TOPS of AI and ML performance; integrates DSP for audio processing, and has three new-generation HiFi 5 cores. Samsung claims that compared with the previous generation, the CPU performance of the new chip has been improved by 70%, the GPU performance has been directly doubled, and the AI performance is 2.7 times that of the original.

The Exynos Auto V920 chip can drive up to six high-resolution screens, including the dashboard and entertainment screens for front and rear passengers, providing a full range of driving and entertainment experiences. In addition, it supports up to 12 cameras, which can recognize objects in the screen, provide intelligent and automatic driving functions, and have HDR functions, which can ensure that the assisted and automatic driving performance will not be affected even in poor light.

The Exynos Auto V920 chip will be manufactured using Samsung's 5nm process, and also supports LPDDR5 memory, UFS 3.1 storage, two 10Gbps 2x USXGMII / SGMII / RGMII Ethernet connections, and comprehensive 4K@240FPS video decoding and 4K@120FPS video encoding capabilities.

Choose Lansheng Technology Limited for an outstanding electronics components experience, our company can promise that every chip is from the original factory.

To learn more about our products, services, and capabilities, please visit our website at http://www.lanshengic.com        

[dropswisdom]

Ugoos Am6 Plus is Ugoos’ newest Android TV box, and I can honestly say, it’s not only their best box yet, but one of the best boxes I ever reviewed so far!

Thanks goes to James from Ugoos for providing the Review sample.

    What’s in the Box?



AM6 Plus arrived in a simply designed square cardboard box, in white and green. Inside I found, aside for the AM6 Plus itself and its two antennas, a quite standard affair of: Infrared remote control, HDMI 2.1 cable, a 12v power adapter and a UK adapter plug, as well as a small user manual. No OTG cable is included, but considering the power-box this model is, I cannot complain.

  AM6 Plus Looks

AM6 Plus is a black metallic square box, not dissimilar to other boxes from other manufacturers.. but.. for one, it is made of metal. Blacked out aluminium shell to be exact with plenty of venting holes and slots. The power led is actually on the top of the box, inside the first “o” of Ugoos manufacturer’s logo. The box also comes with a dual antenna setup which may be responsible for the very good WiFi performance measured. The rest are quite standard – multiple ports and slots arranged around the box’s periphery, with one port which I miss – a USB-C port. There are USB 2.0 ports, and a single USB 3.0 port, but not USB-C port.

AM6 Plus – Top

AM6 Plus – Bottom

AM6 Plus – Left

AM6 Plus – Right

AM6 Plus – Back

AM6 Plus – Front

Here are the items that come in the box: AM6 Plus, Two antennas, Infrared remote control, HDMI 2.1 cable, a 12v power adapter and a UK adapter plug, as well as a small user manual.

AM6 Plus Specifications

Chipset Amlogic S922XJ with 12nm，Quad core ARM Cortex-A73 and dual-core ARM Cortex-A53 CPU GPU ARM Mali TM-G52 MP6(6ppc) Memory / Storage LPDDR4 4GB / 32GB (EMMC) LAN 1*RJ45 1000M (1000M Ethernet Integrated IEEE 802.3 10/100/1000M Ethernet MAC with RGMII interface) Wireless 2.4G+5G The wireless module complies with IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac 2×2 MIMO standard and it can achieve up to a speed of 867Mbps with dual stream in 802.11n to connect the wireless LAN (WiFi Module: AmPak 6398S) Bluetooth Bluetooth 5.0 with LE technology OS Android 9.0 Pie Video Output HDMI (2.1 and 2.0) to support maximum 4K@60fps output(HDCP2.2) Audio Output / Input Supports MP3, AAC, WMA, RM, FLAC, Ogg and programmable with 7.1/5.1 down-mixing I2S audio interface supporting 2-channel input and 8-channel (7.1) output Built-in serial digital audio SPDIF/IEC958 output and PCM input/output Built-in stereo audio DAC, Stereo digital microphone PDM input Support concurrent dual audio stereo channel output with combination of analog+PCM or I2S+PCM Power DC 12V/2A Peripheral Interface 1 * HDMI 2.1, 1 * USB 3.0 Fast Speed, 3 * USB 2.0 Host, 1 * SPDIF, 1 * DC Jack, 1 * TF Card (MicroSD), up to 32GB (SD 2.X, SD 3.X, SD 4.X, eMMC ver 5.0), 1 * 3.5mm Stereo input/output Packing Included IR Remote controller, Dimensions 117mm * 117mm * 18.5mm, 300 grams

  AM6 Plus Benchmarks and Testing

All completed benchmarks have been repeated 3 times and results have been averaged to give a more accurate reading:

Antutu Benchmark

The Antutu benchmark tests single core performance over multi-core as it is a better indication of the performance of one device over others in most situations. Ugoos AM6 Plus jumps the queue and takes first place! above any other device I’ve tested so far.

Bellow is a screenshot of the latest Antutu benchmark (I have not tested other boxes with this new version, so there is no comparison graph as yet):

    GPU Mark Benchmark

Average & Screen Normalized Score

Average frames per second

GPU Mark tests 3d gaming performance and also provides a normalized score according to the used screen resolution (for a more accurate result). The test is quite short and should be taken as a supporting result to that of the more serious 3D Mark benchmark. Ugoos AM6 Plus reached 3rd place in average frames per second, and only 5th place in the average and screen normalized score. However, the seemingly low placement may be deceiving as it’s not far off from it’s competitors, and the one that tops the chart is a tablet that contains a much more powerful GPU.

    A1 SD Benchmark

Internal/External Storage Speed

RAM Copy Speed

A1 SD Benchmark tests RAM and flash memory speeds. As can be seen in the provided graphs, RAM is much faster (by a factor of about 40) than flash memory – that is why it’s in smaller amount and is also volatile (does not keep its contents after a reboot). Ugoos AM6 Plus shows its muscles as its DDR4 speedy RAM wins it second place in RAM copy speed test, and its updated eMMC storage flash places it in third place in Internal/External storage speed tests.

    PC Mark Benchmark

AM6 Plus wins first place in this extensive suite of productivity tests which is designed to show a more balanced picture of an android device’s ability to perform various tasks such as spreadsheet calculations, photo editing, complex web page browsing and more.

  3D Mark Benchmark

3D Mark benchmark is considered as one of the best ways to test 3d performance on Android (and other platforms). Ugoos AM6 Plus takes second place, right after the aforementioned tablet.

    AM6 Plus Extra Benchmarks

For some more information, see the following screenshots from other benchmarks such as AndroBench, Mobile GPU Benchmark, Vellamo, Passmark, and SD Card Test Pro:

AndroBench

  Mobile GPU Benchmark

  Vellamo

  Passmark

  SD Card Test Pro

  AM6 Plus Bugs and Issues

AM6 Plus refuses ADB connect requests, thus making use of SCRCPY remote control program not possible. For SCRCPY to work, wifi debugging need to be enabled under debug settings, developer options need to be enabled and USB Debugging needs to be on, and then adb kill-server command followed by adb shell command ran from the PC. Then a prompt will appear to authorize the RSA key for the connecting PC, and after that, SCRCPY will work.

Built in Samba file server only supports SMB v1, which means Windows 10 owners are unable to access the AM6 Plus files over the LAN. However, the built-in Samba client supports upto and including v3 – so there is no issue for the AM6 Plus to read files from any Samba share on a local network.

The IR remote that comes with the AM6 Plus is less than ideal. It’s very directional and keys are not sensitive.

8k video works somewhat, but I think software optimization can improve on it and give this box a much longer shelf life.

Angry Birds 2 no-click-possible-for-next-level bug is present and accounted for.

  AM6 Plus Root function

AM6 Plus come with a built-in root function which works like a charm. All you need to do is go to the settings, locate it under Uggos settings section, and turn it on or off as needed. It will keep after reboot, till you decide to turn it off. The power and decision are all yours!

    AM6 Plus Video Playback testing (Using KODI)

Resolution Video Format Local Playback Network (Wi-Fi) Playback 720p (1280*720) AVC (High@L4.1) Plays Okay Plays Okay 1080P (1920*1080) AVC (High@L4) Plays Okay Plays Okay  2160P (3840*2160) HEVC (H.265) Plays Okay Plays Okay 4K (4096*2304) AVC (High@L5.1) Plays Okay Plays Okay 4K HDR HEVC Main 10@L5@High HDR10 Plays Okay Some buffering 4K TS HEVC HEVC (H.265) 10Bit Plays Okay Mixed experience

The box does perform well in day to day situations (most videos played are 1080p or standard 4k), however, it seems that network optimization needs some work as even with the good speedtest results, buffering of heavy video files was observed. Still, the playback results are quite good in general.

AM6 Plus showed excellent picture quality, and also surprised with partial support for 8K video. This chipset does not officially support 8k, but with the new crop of 8k supporting AV receivers (for now, Denon already declared it) coming later this year, I have tested a few 8k video files. As can be seen in the above table, all of them actually played, with mixed results. For me it means that this box is capable of playing 8k, even though it would be limited up-to 30 frames per second. With some software optimization, it can even be a smooth experience.

  AM6 Plus was also tested with HDR content as it becomes more and more common in today’s TV and projector sets. HDR contains more information and is definitely heavier than standard 4k content. As such I did notice a bit of buffering with it – when played over wireless LAN. Again, an issue that may be solvable with some updates.

  AM6 Plus Network performance

I tested the network performance using the popular Speedtest.net application from the play store. I tested both WiFi (the fastest WiFi supported – in this case 5GHz 802.11ac), and wired connection (in my case AV1200 Ethernet over power line). My home connection is a symmetric 500 Mb Fiber connection so it would not limit the testing (but the Ethernet over power line connection does) – Ugoos AM6 Plus performed above average with high ranking results for 5GHz WiFi network, and much lower results with my powerline adapter wired connection:

Speed Test – WiFi

  Speedtest Wired

    AM6 Plus Gaming performance

Ugoos AM6 Plus performed smoothly as expected in the gaming tests. It’s graphic chip can handle most games without an issue. However, control may be an issue, unless you splurge for a game pad or other more gaming friendly remote.

Asphalt 8 Airborne – a 3d graphic intensive racing game. AM6 Plus Loads and runs it smoothly, Using the included standard IR remote I could steer, but could not use Nitro..

Angry Birds 2 – a popular 2d action game. AM6 Plus run it smoothly and loaded the stages fast, but had this bug I noticed in other TV boxes, where at one point you could not click on an icon to continue to the next level and so you get stuck.

Walking War Robots – an online robot warfare game that requires a game-pad (I don’t have a game-pad). AM6 Plus runs it well, as long as you have a gamepad or a air mouse. Otherwise, control is only partial and you cannot complete a battle.

    AM6 Plus Conclusions

Did I like it? Yes. It is not a perfect box, and the lack of v2/v3 samba server support is very disturbing, but it is a very stable, and a super fast TV Box.

Would I recommend it? Yes. It is a serious contender in the top android TV box market. Good quality build, lots of ventilation, a little pricey but you can see what you are paying for.

You like it! Where can you buy it? There are few options to buy the Ugoos AM6 Plus:

159 USD (before any coupon discount, currently at 10%): UGOOS AM6 PLUS Amlogic S922X-J 2.2GHz 4GB DDR4 32GB ROM Smart Android 9.0 TV Box 2.4G 5G WiFi 1000M Bluetooth 4K HD Media Player

Some cheaper options are out there, but this is the higher spec version with 4GB of RAM and 32GB of built in storage.

Same price can be found here (no coupons available on page though): UGOOS AM6 Plus Amlogic S922XJ 4GB/32GB Android 9.0 4K TV BOX Wake Up on LAN with 2.4G+5G MIMO WIFI 1000M LAN Bluetooth 5.0 HDMI 2.1 USB 3.0 – Black

Other places I checked are: Amazon (no availability or price), eBay (significantly higher pricing), or other Chinese stores which either offer a higher price or different models such as the AM6 Pro.

Review | Ugoos AM6 Plus Amlogic S922XJ TV Box Ugoos Am6 Plus is Ugoos' newest Android TV box, and I can honestly say, it's not only their best box yet, but one of the best boxes I ever reviewed so far!

[dfsalesus]

http://ift.tt/2I6Gmxt $40 INTEGRATED CIRCUIT 6MAB470351A.1 In Stock QTY: 78 Warehouse: San Jose, CA, USA Part#: 88E1111-RCJ1 Manufacturer: MARVELL SEMICONDUCTOR Pack Size: 2 - TR 88E1111-RCJ1 MARVELL SEMICONDUCTOR The 88E1111 device supports the Gigabit Media Independent Interface (GMII), Reduced GMII (RGMII), Serial Gigabit Media Independent Interface (SGMII), the Ten-Bit Interface (TBI), and Reduced TBI (RTBI) for direct connection to a MAC/Switch port. DF Sales 695 quinn ave San Jose, CA 95112 Phone number: (800) 321-5031. To order part# 88E1111-RCJ1 click here http://ift.tt/2AnX4sa

[t2mip]

1G Ethernet PHY IP Cores Solution for Gigabit Network Applications

T2M-IP, the global independent semiconductor IP Cores provider & Technology experts, is pleased to announce its best-selling GbE (10/100/1000 Base-T) PHY IP Core’s availability for immediate licensing as the final quarter of the Fiscal Year approaches. This popular Networking IP cores has a unique power usage and Size characteristic that helps in its simple integration into any Subsystem.

 The Gigabit Ethernet PHY IP Cores is extracted from production chip is a highly integrated single chip for Giga 10/100/1000 Ethernet applications. It is an IEEE 802.3u/ab compliant single-port Giga Ethernet physical layer transceiver with low power consumption compared to market standards. It supports 10BASE-T, 100BASE-T, and 1000BASE-T operation. The GPHY connects the Media Access Control Layer (MAC) by GMII (Giga Media Independent Interface) or RGMII for an unobstructed network flow.

The digital 1G Ethernet MAC, TSN MAC, and PCS Controller IP Cores can all be licenced together with the GPHY IP Cores thanks to the availability of a dual port MAC interface with GMII and MII. The IP Cores' LED indicators for link mode, status, speed, activity, and collision are supported by IEEE 1500 for SoC testing integration. These features work together to provide an enhanced networking experience.

In addition to the support for both Half Duplex and Full Duplex modes, the GPHY has a leading-edge jitter tolerance and a Built-in-self-test including pattern generator/checkers. It also possesses built in error counters and self-monitoring techniques, including signal quality monitoring. Sticking to the trend of catering to a wide range of possible applications this IP cores also supports BroadR-Reach™ for use in automotive connectivity applications.

1G Ethernet PHY IP Cores is licensed as a WhiteBox solution, with worldwide use which is an unlimited and perpetual licensing model. The GPHY is licensed with full modification rights (spec change, bug corrections, process node porting) granted to the user. The Gigabit Ethernet PHY IP Cores has also been used in semiconductor industry’s Data Servers, Automotive, Multimedia devices, Routers and other Consumer Electronics….

In addition to 1G Ethernet PHY IP Cores, T2M ‘s broad silicon Interface IP Core Portfolio includes USB, PCIe, Serial ATA, HDMI, Display Port, MIPI, DDR, programmable SerDes, SD/eMMCs and many more Controllers with matching PHYs, available in major Fabs in process geometries as small as 6nm. They can also be ported to other foundries and leading-edge processes nodes on request..

About T2M: T2MIP is the global independent semiconductor technology experts, supplying complex semiconductor IP Cores, Software, KGD and disruptive technologies enabling accelerated development of your Wearables, IOT, Communications, Storage, Servers, Networking, TV, STB and Satellite SoCs. For more information, please visit: www.t-2-m.com

Availability: These Semiconductor Interface IP Cores are available for immediate licensing either stand alone or with pre-integrated Controllers and PHYs. For more information on licensing options and pricing please drop a request / MailTo

[androidtvboxreview]

CSQ CS918S TV Box Review By Android TV Box Review

CSQ CS918S TV Box is a little bigger than the A95X, or in other words, has a typical size for TV Box. The NEXBOX A5 TV Box is well and solidly made of good quality plastic in black. Top housing is a matt while the sides of the device are shiny. The front panel has IR receiver and power LED. On one side are three USB 2.0 ports and SD card slot. On the rear panel are another USB 2.0 port, Optical S / PDIFport, AV port, HDMI 2.0 port, RJ45 Ethernet port and 5V/2A DC jack.

CSQ CS918S TV Box Launcher

CSQ CS918S TV Box Feature

CSQ CS918S TV Box Specification

NEXBOX A5 uses Amlogic S905X chipset, which is a 64-bit quad-core CPU with a frequency of a clock of 2.0 GHz. It supports 10-bit 4K@60HZ H265 and VP9 decoding, Gigabit Ethernet (RGMII), Android 6.0, HDMI 2.0a, built-in DAC and more.

Main Home Launcher:

Booting Android to the “home screen” takes about 00:39:07 seconds. “Home screen” launcher has finally a breath of freshness :-). Finally, Nexbox refreshes your launcher, which looks great. Indeed, it looks very simple as most recently reviewed TV boxes, but it is a new look, easy and friendly navigation. In addition to the remote control, I used a standard keyboard and mouse, VENZ VZ-RK-1 air mouse with the keyboard. Also, we used a new Gamepad GameSir G3s and Xiaomi gamepad.

Main Features:

Android 6.0 improves user experience compared with other versions of TV boxes. People can install or uninstall software, games and application programs easily.

Supports both H.265 and VP9 decoding, which is the absolute mainstream decoding formats in the global.

HDR vivid world. Watch videos in detail like never before with select HDR content. Witness scenes and characters come to life in vivid contrast, color, and clarity.

Support 5.1 surround sound output, capture your ears with actual listening feelings.

HDMI 2.0 is a faster way to send video and audio output to your TV.

The remote control is powered by 2 x AA battery ( not included ).

Where to buy CSQ CS918S TV Box

You can buy the CSQ CS918S TV Box from GearBest, Amazon or Ebay

Amazon UK

  Amazon.com

  Buy from ebay.co.uk

Buy from EBay.com

  Buy from GearBest

Specification:

Brand: NEXBOX

Model: A5

Type: TV Box

System: Android 6.0

Processor: S905X

CPU: ARM Cortex-A53

Core: Quad Core

GPU: Mali-450

RAM: 1G RAM

RAM Type: DDR3

ROM: 16G ROM

Max. Extended Capacity: 32G TV Box

Features: 5.1 Surround Sound Output

Media Supported

Decoder Format: H.263,H.264,H.265, HD MPEG4

Video format: 4K,AVI,DAT,ISO,MKV,MP4,MPEG,RM,WMV

Audio format: AAC,FLAC,MP3,OGG,RM,WMA

Photo Format: BMP,GIF,JPEG,JPG,PNG,TIFF

Support 5.1 Surround Sound Output: Yes

Product Details

Bluetooth: Bluetooth4.0

Power Supply: Charge Adapter

Interface: DC Power Port,HDMI,RJ45,SPDIF,TF card,USB2.0

Antenna: Yes

Language: Multi-language

DVD Support: No

HDMI Version: 2.0

Other Functions: DLNA, ISO Files, Miracast

External Subtitle Supported: Yes

HDMI Function: CEC RJ45

Port Speed: 100M

Firmware Information

System Bit: 32Bit

WiFi Chip: AP8723

System Activation: Yes

Power Requirement

Power Type: External Power Adapter Mode

Dimension and Weight

Product weight: 0.1826 kg

Package weight: 0.5318 kg

Product size (L x W x H): 11.70 x 11.70 x 1.80 cm / 4.61 x 4.61 x 0.71 inches

Package size (L x W x H): 21.00 x 14.00 x 5.50 cm / 8.27 x 5.51 x 2.17 inches

Package Contents

TV Box

Remote Control

Power Adapter

English User Manual

  CSQ CS918S TV Box Review, Reviewed By Android TV Box Review CSQ CS918S TV Box Review By Android TV Box Review CSQ CS918S TV Box is a little bigger than the A95X, or in other words, has a typical size for TV Box.

[ipguru]

AE256 2G/32G Android 6.0 KD17.0 Amlogic S912 Octa Core HD 4K Dual Band 2.4Ghz/5Ghz 10/100M/1000M RGMII LAN

AE256 2G/32G Android 6.0 KD17.0 Amlogic S912 Octa Core HD 4K Dual Band 2.4Ghz/5Ghz 10/100M/1000M RGMII LAN

Do not miss this chance to get this product on most inexpensive worth.

Pros:

Ships from TX, US

Speedy & steady android 6.zero system: with OS up to date to the most recent Android 6.zero model, it’s coupled with the speedy and steady configuration. Simply to get pleasure from all of your favourite films, meals exhibits and leisure packages.

2G RAM(DDR3) + 32GB(EMMC) helps quicker and extra steady operation. 32GB inside storage supplies room to put in apps with out worrying about operating out of house.

In-built 2.4G/5.8G Twin WIFI Bands, additionally assist 1000M ethernet and bluetooth four.zero. You too can get pleasure from 3D films and video games. Help 4K x 2K H.264/H.265 60fps HDMI 2.zero, 4K Final HD vedio ,4K 1080i/p decision is four occasions of full HD,so each element of the display screen is lucidity.

If in case you have any issues, please contact us by asking a qustion or by Q&A. We promise present prime quality and greatest service to our clients

Get this AE256 2G/32G Android 6.zero KD17.zero Amlogic S912 Octa Core HD 4K Twin Band 2.4Ghz/5Ghz 10/100M/1000M RGMII LAN

If in case you have any issues, please contact us by asking a qustion or by Q&A. We promise present prime quality and greatest service to our clients Specs OS:Android 6.zero Blutooth:Bluetooth four.zero LAN Ethernet:10/100M/1000M RGMII WiFi:In-built 2.4G/5G WiFi Help IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac

Ports 1* HDMI 2.zero output 4K*2K @ 60Hz 2* Excessive pace USB 2.zero,assist U DISK and USB HDD 1*TF CARD Help 1~32GB 1*three.5 Telephone out CVBS&L/R output 1*SPDIF output 1* RJ45 LAN Ethernet 10M/100M/1000M

Package deal Included 1* field 1* Antenna 1* HDMI Cable 1* Distant Management 1* Energy Adapter 1* Guide

It’s at all times higher to purchase AE256 2G/32G Android 6.zero KD17.zero Amlogic S912 Octa Core HD 4K Twin Band 2.4Ghz/5Ghz 10/100M/1000M RGMII LAN from the the chief on this eCommerce trade. They’ve proved their capacity in delivering high quality service after shopping for incredible merchandise from them.

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[With mini wireless keyboard] SEGURO® X3 Smart TV Box 4K Google Android 6.0 Amlogic S905X Quad Core TV stick 100m L...

[With mini wireless keyboard] SEGURO® X3 Smart TV Box 4K Google Android 6.0 Amlogic S905X Quad Core TV stick 100m L…

Specifications *Flash memory: 8GB *RAM: 1GB *OS: Andorid 6.0 *CPU: Amlogic S905X Quad Core ARM Cortex-A53 CPU up to 2GHz(DVFS) *Remote Control: Included *Brand: Amlogic S905X *WiFi: Built in 2.4G WiFi *Connectors: HDMI *GPU: Penta-core ARM Mali-450 *HDMI: 2.0b Software *Support 10/100Mbps data transfer rate and RGMII interface *Ethernet:10/100M, standard RJ-45 *3D:Hardward 3D graphics…