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#yellow turban rebellion
sawbeaver · 9 months
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stuartbramhall · 2 years
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The Collapse of the Han Dynasty and 350 Years of Disunity
The Collapse of the Han Dynasty and 350 Years of Disunity
Episode 20: The Age of Disunity Foundations of Eastern Civilization Dr Craig Benjamin (2013) Film Review According to Benjamin, the last decades of the Han Dynasty were characterized by corruption and infighting between the three groups of competing elites: the emperor’s eunuchs, the hereditary nobility and the Confucian bureaucrats. Simultaneously there was also substantial peasant unrest, most…
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The Han Dynasty (202 BCE - 220 CE) was the second dynasty of Imperial China (the era of centralized, dynastic government, 221 BCE - 1912 CE) which established the paradigm for all succeeding dynasties up through 1912 CE. It succeeded the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE) and was followed by the Period of the Three Kingdoms (220-280 CE).
It was founded by the commoner Liu Bang (l. c. 256-195 BCE; throne name: Gaozu r. 202-195 BCE) who worked toward repairing the damage caused by the repressive regime of the Qin through more benevolent laws and care for the people. The dynasty is divided into two periods:
Western Han (also Former Han): 202 BCE - 9 CE
Eastern Han (also Later Han): 25-220 CE
The separation is caused by the rise of the regent Wang Mang (l. 45 BCE - 23 CE) who declared the Han Dynasty finished and established the Xin Dynasty (9-23 CE). Wang's idealistic form of government failed and, after a brief period of turmoil, the Han Dynasty resumed.
Gaozu initially retained the Qin Dynasty's philosophy of Legalism but with less severity. Legalism gave way to Confucianism under the most famous monarch of the Han, Emperor Wu (also given as Wudi, Wuti, Wu the Great, r. 141-87 BCE) who, among his many other impressive achievements, also opened the Silk Road, establishing trade with the West. The Han also negotiated a peace, which was more or less observed, with the nomadic peoples of the Xiongnu and Xianbi to the north and the Xirong to the west which stabilized the borders and encouraged peace and cultural development in the arts and sciences. Many of the commonplace items taken for granted today were invented by the Han such as the wheelbarrow, the compass, the adjustable wrench, seismograph, and paper, to name only a few.
The Han also restored the cultural values of the Zhou Dynasty, which had been discarded by the Qin, encouraged literacy, and the study of history. The historian Sima Qian (l. 145/35-86 BCE) lived during this period whose Records of the Grand Historian set the standard and form for Chinese historical writings up through the 20th century CE. Chinese mythology and religion also developed during this time including the popular messianic movement focused on the Queen Mother of the West.
By c. 130 CE, however, the imperial court had become corrupt with eunuchs exercising more actual power than the Chinese emperor. By the time of the emperor Lingdi (r. 168-189 CE), the Han royal house had less actual authority than the palace eunuchs and the generals (who were more or less autonomous warlords) stationed at the borders of the country. In 184 CE, the Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out in response to high taxes and famine and these generals put it down.
Among them was Cao Cao (l. 155-220 CE) who, afterwards, waged war against his fellow commanders for control of the state. He was defeated at the Battle of Red Cliffs in 208 CE after which the country was divided between three kingdoms and the Han Dynasty fell. Its legacy is so profound that it continues to the present day and the majority of ethnic Chinese refer to themselves as Han People (Han rem) proudly in identifying themselves as descendants of the great ancient dynasty.
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apollo-cackling · 1 month
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parts of total war warhammer does look very appealing (faction/unit diversity for example) but the price tag like. jeesh
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lunakerlon · 1 year
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Total war three kingdoms yellow turban rebellion
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He fields veteran Yellow Turban warriors and strong berserkers in battle, and has access to the Healer’s Lodge unique building chain, a multifunctional building boosting population growth and replenishment and generating a small income from the sale of medicine. Representing the domain of People, He Yi espouses Compassion. He is able to rally vast masses to the cause of the rebellion. Like the original founders of the Yellow Turban movement, he is a Healer, and empathises with the suffering of the common people. He Yi is a Yellow Turban commander from Yu province.Each has their own playstyle, unique building chain and faction bonuses: The Yellow Turbans have three playable heroes representing their factions. Progression requires the player to study the verses in the Book of Great Peace, construct religious building in their settlements and improve the virtuous characteristics of the characters under their control. These represent the journey to enlightenment, the achievement of The Great Peace, regaining the Mandate of Heaven, and appointing a just Emperor. Playable Yellow Turban factions improve their Faction Rank as their campaigns progress. It is structurally and mechanically very different from the default tech trees used by other factions. Their technology tree is divided into three scrolls from the Book of Great Peace, each of which references the three Taoist domains and contains verses of Taoist scripture. Yellow Turban factions construct a mix of adapted Han buildings and their own unique structures. Each has their own playstyle and unique bonuses. Reflecting these concepts, the playable Yellow Turban factions are led by the characters He Yi (People), Gong Du (Land) and Huang Shao (Heaven). Many of their features relate to the three Taoist domains of Land, People and Heaven, or the Three Treasures (or virtues) of Taoism: Frugality, Compassion, and Humility. The Yellow Turbans’ beliefs blend Taoism and shamanistic principles, and these spiritual aspects are a recurring theme throughout their faction gameplay. Playing as one of these factions, you can change history, rekindling the movement and uniting China under a rightful, virtuous and just Emperor. As the campaign begins, the Zhang brothers are already dead, and only three significant enclaves of Yellow Turbans remain. However, this initial rebellion was ruthlessly crushed and millions of civilians suspected of being sympathisers were slaughtered without mercy. Prior to the start of this campaign, a massive Yellow Turban rebellion had swept through China led by the Zhang brothers, who used Taoist divination to predict the fall of the Han dynasty. Tired of oppression, starvation and injustice at the hands of the Han Dynasty, they rose up against the corrupt nobility. The Yellow Turbans were a rebel movement of the common people, founded on spiritual beliefs. In the year of Jiazi, there will be prosperity under Heaven! The Blue Sky is dead the Yellow Sky will soon rise. It is clear to us now: you have lost the Mandate of Heaven. Many more were slain by your agents on suspicion alone. When we rose in opposition, you slaughtered us in our millions. Even as we starve, you tax us ever harder, that they may continue to live in luxury. Oh Emperor, we are your people.Īnd yet you languish in the imperial palace, eunuchs and nobles whispering falsehoods in your ear. We are the common-folk the farmers and the soldiers the Han Dynasty’s forgotten multitude. New weapons and armour suitable for the new heroes.New character skills focused on the three virtues of Taoism: Frugality, Compassion, and Humility.ěrand new approach to technology focusing on interpreting the ‘Three Books of Great Peace’.Ě unique and versatile unit roster composed of a cross-section of society: Militias formed from the forgotten and downtrodden masses fight side by side with disgruntled soldiers, religious zealots and former officials, united in a common cause.Three new hero classes: Healer, Scholar, and Veteran.Three new playable Warlords He Yi, Gong Du, and Huang Shao.Ě brand-new sub-culture to play as: rekindle the Yellow Turban Rebellion, lead their struggle against the corrupt Han and bring about the Era of Great Peace.Total War: THREE KINGDOMS – Yellow Turban Rebellion Warlord Pack
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k-simplex · 11 months
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She yellow turban rebellion on my empire till I precipitate dynastic collapse. Is that any good my liege do you think that'll get the peasants to stop supporting them
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its-not-a-pen · 11 months
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Victor Hugo + Romance of the Three Kingdoms crossover!
[I read a post somewhere talking about how cool it would be if 3k was written in the style of victor hugo. Here’s a missing scene about Dong Zhuo and young Cao Cao fighting the Yellow Turbans.]
There is a great machine crawling across the land, it is long and thin, having just a single head, but many thousand hooves, feet and wheels. It is tremendously expensive to operate, moves at a tortoise's pace and its job is to stir up a great deal of dust. This machine is known as an “army.” 
On a clear day, a man standing on a hillock can see the tell-tale plume long before he sees the marchers and with all the men and horses traveling non-stop for weeks on end, chances are he can smell the army before he sees the dust. This phenomenon is most pronounced when the land is dry, and the land has been usually dry for many, many seasons. ‘The gods are displeased,’ the villagers and townsfolk mutter, although they are always careful to omit what exactly the gods are displeased about. Now is not the time for careless talk. Now is not the time to travel after dark. Now is the time to pull your hat brim low and bite your tongue when soldiers cut through your wheat fields—it’s not like there’s much left to trample, anyway. Every year the harvests grow slimmer, and the war machine grows fatter.
Riding at the head of this column is Commandant Dong Zhuo, styled Zhongying. He is a large man in body and status, buoyed by a righteous purpose that makes every room he steps into feel crowded. The Emperor has issued a royal decree ceding power to the local lords in order to stomp out the Yellow Turbans, a series of peasant rebellions which had sprung up all across the nation. Little does His Royal Highness know, he's sowing the seeds for the Han Dynasty’s downfall. In time, these lords would become a greater threat then the rebellions they were tasked to quell, having developed powerful militias and a newfound distain for servitude. The resulting chaos would rend the kingdom asunder and be immortalised in folklore for centuries to come. A historical epic is in the making, and every great story needs heroes and villains. 
But that is for another time, today Dong Zhuo is only the Magistrate of Yanmen and a loyal subject of Han. Today he is going to bring the full extent of his military might down on the unruly peasant-warriors who dare take up arms instead of starving peacefully in their fields. Attending to him are a row of junior officers, gentlemen and the sons of gentlemen, bright eyed and fresh-faced because they have yet to taste war. 
[insert 50-page-digression about some Random Background Character Who Only Appears Once, weirdly personal opinions on stone masonry and a wikihow on horse husbandry that's like 80% conjecture]
----Extract #2----
Great men are known to have great tempers. Dong Zhuo gives a gruff reprimand, half question, half accusation, for a moment there’s silence and then as if drawn by a lodestone, the officers subtly turn their eyes towards calvary commander Cao Cao, styled Mengde. He is 24 years old, of a slight build and middling height. Not the leader of the pack by any means—lacking both the raw charisma and esteemed family name to be truly popular—but he has a sharp wit and plenty of nerve, all the markings of a man who is generally respected but rarely well-liked. At age 20 he had been appointed district captain of Luoyang and caused a scandal for daring to apply the law equally to anyone who transgressed, going so far as to flog noblemen in public. Complains were made by higher-ups and he was “promoted” to governor of Dunqiu County, ostensive to remove him from the capital. In peaceful times he might have served out the rest of his term competently, sired unremarkable sons and eventually fade into obscurity as the bookish, pedantic type who cared about things like crop rotation. But that is not our story either. 
Cao Cao steps forward and takes a knee, eyes downcast. When he speaks his voice is unexpectedly strong and authoritative—almost amusingly incongruous with his appearance; he’s not much to look at and the goatee on his chin needs another decade of work at least, but when he talks people stop and listen. 
Cao Cao says a few words and the thunderous look on Dong Zhuo’s face abates. A few more, and Dong Zhuo nods. Then, right before scores of disbelieving ears, Cao Mengde tells a bawdy joke right to His Lordship’s face; a double-entendre alluding to the shape of their vanguard. It’s filthy, low-brow and Cao Cao says it as drily as a monk reciting his mantras. Lord Dong Zhou howls with laugher. The other officers chuckle too—mostly out of relief. Letting Cao Mengde speak is always a gamble, sometimes it pays off, sometimes you get latrine duty for a month. The damage he does with his mouth takes most men to do with a hatchet. The meeting adjourns with no corporal punishments. Later that day, orders are passed up the line for adjustments to be made to the vanguard's formation.  
notes under the cut:
“Dust to dust,” somehow I always end up making a reference to the 2nd century warlord, which in turn was inspired by 3k where Zhang Fei successfully uses the “horses and branches” technique against Cao Cao. Call that circular plagiarism <3. 
Hugo was a big supporter of failed rebellions and was very sympathetic to the miserable and downtrodden. I think he’d really care about the plight of the peasants and jump at the chance to tear down the bickering nobles.
“The gods are displeased” the Han dynasty was in decline due to a combination of corruption and natural disasters. Many people, especially those in the Yellow Turban Rebellion believed the Emperor had lost his divine right to rule. (shhh that’s sedition) 
Wheatfields: this takes place somewhere in Northeastern China where it’s too damn cold to grow rice. IRL Cao Cao organized a lot of agricultural reforms which kept his people fed. Later in the book he forbids his soldiers from trampling fields on pain of death, and when his own horse does it, he cuts off his hair to avoid being hypocritical (very big deal, hair is sacred).
“A bookish, capable governor.” According to legend a character-describer told Cao Cao he’d be “a capable administrator in peaceful times and an unscrupulous hero in chaotic times.” To which Cao Cao laughed. Oh and he was a poet. A really good one.
Just some guy: "raw charisma" describes Liu Bei and the "esteemed family name" describes Yuan Shao, two of his biggest rivals.
My Pen Is Big: Luo Guanzhong’s novels have a ton of dirty jokes. Water Margin in particular has this passage about a guy’s colossal donkey schlong. 
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the-archlich · 2 months
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How did the Emperor wind up with so many bandits helping him during the time of the junta? Except for Dong Cheng, it seems like most of his commanders were bandits. (Yang Fang, Han Xian, Li Le, etc.) I'd have thought bandits would be more likely to capture him and try ransoming him to the junta, or some other warlord who would pay to have the emperor as their 'guest'/prisoner.
Honestly, we could probably convey some things better if we referred to these groups as militias instead of bandits. This particular group has a pretty clear history.
The Way of Great Peace gathered followers throughout the 170s, leading to the Yellow Turban Rebellion in 184. A large number of former Turbans gathered together in Hedong. Yang Feng, Han Xian, Hu Cai, Li Le, etc. became their leaders. It's impossible to say for certain that any of these men were Turbans themselves, but it's likely. Over time they were joined by some others, including a group of Xiongnu under Qubei.
Because of the group's location (basically just north of the midpoint between Chang'an and Luoyang) Dong Zhuo sent Niu Fu to contain them. During this time the Hedong camp was joined by refugees from Luoyang and the surrounding area.
After Dong Zhuo's death, the Li junta made peace with the Hedong army, who helped them take over Chang'an. Yang Feng appears to have remained in Chang'an with the junta while others returned to the camp. When Yang Feng was escorting the emperor away from the junta later, it was natural for him to call on these allies.
Some of them clearly hoped to profit from the situation, like Yang Feng and Han Xian. For his part, Li Le seems to have just been a genuine Han loyalist. He answered the call for help, escorted the emperor to safety, and then returned home where he died of illness. (I think I said he was killed in a feud previously but I was mistakenly thinking of Hu Cai, who also returned to Hedong.)
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Side A, Round 1 (Match 1) *Clash of Casters*
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On the left: A woman of astonishing beauty that served as a courtesan for Emperor Toba towards the end of the Heian era, credited for catalyzing the downfall of the Shang dynasty. A shrine maiden said to be the Nine-Tail Demon Fox in disguise who wanted nothing more than to be a good wife. Tamamo-no-Mae
On the right: The leader of the Yellow Turban Rebellion, in the beginning of China's Three Kingdoms period and the founder of a religious organization named Way of the Great Peace. The self proclaimed "Great Teacher" and "General of Heaven". Zhang Jue
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cerastes · 1 year
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HEY CLITORIS CENTURIONS, tomorrow, Wo Long: Fallen Dynasty is released, and I’ll be playing some of that... For YOU! (yes! you!)
Assuming there’s no delays or any other problemos, join me and the crooked fiends at the Miscreants’ Nest as we go through Three Kingdoms-era China except it’s a Soulslike made by the fine gents and dames that gave us Nioh 2. 
BE THERE or BE FELLED BY THE YELLOW TURBAN REBELLION.
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masterofrecords · 5 months
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The Ravages of Time episode 5
Well, it's been... a while. Had some questions regarding Tang dynasty administrative division and that made me come back to this episode's translation.
Next one is in the works, but might take a while. There are some things I want to focus more on for Lü Bu's episode and those might end up growing into their own separate post, lol
Episode 5
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Thirteen provinces of Eastern Han dynasty
In Eastern Han period, the whole country was divided into 13 provinces: Youzhou, Jizhou, Bingzhou, Yanzhou, Sizhou (under the military rule of the Colonel Director of Retainers), Yuzhou, Xuzhou, Jingzhou, Qingzhou, Yangzhou, Liangzhou, Yizhou, Jiaozhou (apart from Sizhou, all 12 provinces were governed by a provincial governor).
After the Yellow Turban Rebellion [1], thoroughly suppressed by the Emperor Ling of Han [2], the governors were assigned by the imperial court. Since then, provinces gradually became administrative divisions and the governors also became permanent military commanders, sowing the seeds for future power struggles.
Sizhou
In the period depicted in the story, the local government in Sizhou was located in the Luoyang county. Its area of jurisdiction corresponded to present-day south of Hebei, south of Shanxi and the plains of Wei river in Shaanxi. The province was divided into counties: Jingzhao magistrate, Henei county (home of the Sima family), West Fufeng, East Fengyi, Hedong county, Hongnong county, Henan magsitrate.
Reference material: “The Encyclopedia of China – History of China – Western and Eastern Han administrative Division”, “The List of Offices”, “The Book of Han – geography section”
[1] The Yellow Turban Rebellion, also translated as Yellow Scarves Rebellion was a peasant revolt that happened in the late Han dynasty. It started in 184 CE and wasn’t fully suppressed until 205 CE, although the main uprising only lasted until 185 CE. This rebellion is also the opening event of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
While the uprising was caused by the government corruption, diseases, natural disasters and poor crops, it must be noted that it was also a Taoist sect – the leader of the rebellion, Zhang Jue, was widely known as a healer and sorcerer, and he and his brothers originally garnered supporters through their religious beliefs.
A lot of the notable people of the Three Kingdom period (like Liu Bei, Cao Cao, Sun Jian) make an appearance in that period assisting the suppression of the rebellion, and these events set the stage for the later unrest, as many regions assembled their own military forces to fight the uprising and the government’s control of the provinces weakened.
[2] Emperor Ling of Han (Liu Hong) – the emperor during whose reign the Yellow Turban Rebellion happened. A distant cousin of the previous emperor who died without leaving a son, he ascended the throne at the age of 12, and his reign saw a rise in the power of eunuchs who dominated the government. His death kicked off the events shown in the donghua.
Spoilers time!
The soldiers of the Guandong Coalition are made-up, but the first two generals they are assigned to (Han Fu and Gongsun Zao) are real people who served under the Yuan family, although Gongsun Zao turned against Yuan Shao by the end of his life). The third general mentioned, Qiao Mao, also participated in the campaign, though I think he wasn't affiliated with the Yuans.
But this isn't what you're here for. You want to know if Yuan Fang is real or not.
He's not.
As for Sun Shu, well, this one's somewhat real (although as usual, heavily fictionalized). It is known that Sun Jian had daughters, although their names aren't known. One of them later married Liu Bei, but I don't know if that happens to Sun Shu in the manhua... The other two are basically only known by who they married. My bet would be on the one who married Liu Bei though, since she was somewhat known for being fierce and a troublemaker.
I'm also not sure if the move to Chang'an was as secret as is depicted, but this is something that I think was about as dramatic as is shown in the donghua. Dong Zhuo did ransack the imperial mausoleums as well as rich households and he did burn down the city after leaving it. Anyone opposing him - before or during the move - were disposed of, and many civilians died. Even if the banquet scene likely didn't happen, I think it was cool shorthand for the events in Dong Zhuo's court leading up to the move.
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advice-animal · 10 months
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One of these is The Yellow Turban Rebellion, which happened in the second century. The other is The Boxer Rebellion, which started in 1899.
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catgirlforeskin · 1 year
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Wo Long: Fallen Dynasty rocks and so far is on track to be one of my top 3 soulslike games (along with sekiro and the surge 2, but it also feels like it was written by a Han Dynasty bureaucrat. It’s so weirdly anti-Taoism and anti-the Yellow Turban Rebellion.
I’m not surprised when games do the “these protestors just love killing and being mean for no reason, we gotta put em down!” (glares at Arknights) but like. Usually not for a conflict almost two millennia ago lmao. Not trying to “cancel” the game or anything, it’s just very strange.
On a positive note, it has some of the better character customization regarding gender in a game, like you choose pronouns and most character options can be used by anyone
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nero-draco · 2 years
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Oh he's Zhang Jiao, the leader of Yellow Turban rebellion. He sort of came from Romance of Three Kingdoms era.
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memoriesofachicken · 2 years
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When Sima Zhao is on your team during the Battle of Guangzhong (AKA Dynasty Warriors 7′s Yellow Turban Rebellion stage) in Warriors Orochi 3.
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k-simplex · 1 year
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in love with the idea that the Yellow Turban Rebellion was indirectly caused by the Antonine Plague
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