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Subricaray, Albert O. Group 2 21st Century

POEM #1 WHAT MUST BE BELIEVED IN Ang Dapat Paniwalaan -Jose F. Lacaba

SYMBOLISMS

Ghouls, griffins, trolls, ogres: symbolize fear, obscurity, and the obscure. They speak to the fears and tensions that the hero carries with him from his childhood. 

2.. Latin incantations, stakes, crucifixes: These images speak to the extraordinary and the instruments utilized to secure oneself from powerful dangers, such as vampires and witches. They symbolize the protagonist's dependence on ceremonies and objects to ward off fiendish.

3.Good gray grandmother: The grandma symbolizes the source of the protagonist's information and assurance. She speaks to the consolation and security of childhood, as well as the passing down of conventions and convictions.

4.Hallowed halls of academe: This symbolizes the world of instruction and learnedness. It speaks to the protagonist's move from the convictions and superstitions of his grandma to the levelheaded and doubtful attitude of the scholarly community. 

5.Man: The image of man speaks to humankind as a entirety and the potential for hurt and fiendish that exists inside people. It proposes that people are the genuine source of fear and peril, instead of powerful creatures. 

LITERARY THEORIES:

Psychoanalytic criticism: This theory looks at the psychological states of characters to interpret the text's meaning. In the poem, the protagonist's childhood fears of devils, griffins, trolls, and beasts can be analyzed through a psychoanalytic focal point, investigating the impact of the grandmother's stories on the improvement of the protagonist's fears and tensions.

2.Cultural studies: This theory examines a text within its socio-cultural context. The poem investigates the impact of the grandmother's stories and the ceremonies passed down to the hero, reflecting social convictions and hones related to security against powerful substances.

3.Reader-response criticism: This theory emphasizes the reader's interpretation and reaction to the text. In the poem, the peruser can lock in with the protagonist's travel from childhood convictions to the realization that supplications are incapable against the threats postured by other human creatures. The reader's reaction to this move in point of view and the investigation of fear and human nature can be analyzed through a reader-response focal point. 

4.Post-structuralism: This theory challenges the idea of unified meaning and questions assumed truths. In the poem, the differentiate between the protagonist's childhood convictions and the realization that supplications are of no profit against human hurt can be analyzed through a post-structuralist focal point, addressing the expected implications and images related with extraordinary assurance. 

POEM #2 FORCE OF CIRCUMSTANCE Santong Paspasan -Jose F. Lacaba

SYMBOLISMS:

1.Stars: The flickering stars symbolize the instability and precariousness of the circumstance. They speak to the chaotic and perilous circumstances encompassing Maritess' capturing. 

2.Moon: The full moon symbolizes the nearness of light and brightening within the middle of haziness. It speaks to trust and serves as a differentiate to the aggravating occasions taking put. 

3. Wind: The dancing wind with the tall grass symbolizes movement and agitation. It reflects the nervousness and tension in the atmosphere.

4.Cicadas: The whistling cicadas symbolize unease and anxiety. Their noise exacerbates the unease and  tension and discomfort.

5.Mustang: The new Mustang car represents power and control. It represents the congressman's son and  his gang's special status.

6.Pantsuit: The expensive pantsuit made by a gay designer symbolizes Maritess' identity and individuality. The gang's removal of it stands in for the deprivation of her autonomy and dignity.

7.Earthquake: The earthquake symbolizes the upheaval and chaos caused by the actions of the gang. It depicts the chaos and devastation brought forth by the kidnapping.

8.Tear gas: The tear gas crawling on the streets of Sampaloc symbolizes the violence and conflict surrounding Maritess' situation.It stands for both the application of force and the repression of opposition.

Susan Roces: Susan Roces, a famous actress, is mentioned as a symbol of innocence and purity. She is contrasted with Maritess in order to draw attention to the difference between her attractiveness and the violent crimes being committed against her.

10.Burning pubic hair: The burning of Maritess' pubic hair symbolizes the mistreatment and humiliation she receives from the gang. It stands for the loss of her dignity and the infringement on her right to bodily autonomy.

LITERARY THEORIES

1. Feminist criticism: The say of Maritess' involvement, the stripping absent of her office, and the center on her appearance might recommend a women's activist study of sexual orientation parts and control elements. 

2.Postcolonial theory: The say of the child of a congressman and the social setting

3.Reader-response criticism: The accentuation on the reader's enthusiastic reaction and translation of the sonnet may adjust with a reader-response approach to scholarly investigation.

POEM #3 NIGHT OF A CONSTRUCTION WORKER Gabi ng Isang Piyon -Lamberto E. Antonio

SYMBOLISMS

1.Light bulb: The flickering light bulb represents the fleeting moments of hope and illumination amidst the darkness of the speaker's struggles.It symbolize the brittleness of their goals and the enduring danger of their dreams burning out.

2.Dark:The speaker's immense obstacles and struggles are symbolized by the darkness.

3.Stars: The stars symbolize dreams, aspirations, and possibilities. The speaker's reluctance to fall asleep and the stars being engulfed by the tall roof allude to the constraints placed on their potential and the repression of their dreams.

4.Gravel, filling earth, and sand: The weight and load of the speaker's effort are represented by these materials. They stand for the mental and physical toll that their work takes on them, making it difficult for them to breathe and keep them from being at peace.

LITERARY THEORIES:

Marxist theory focuses on examining literature through the lens of class relations and social structures. In the poem, The way that labor, exploitation, and the struggle for existence are shown is consistent with the basic concepts of Marxist philosophy. This interpretation is supported by the following phrase: "For dreaming up more construction jobs to come, For prayers made musty by sweat and magic spell." This sentence emphasizes the hardships faced by workers, the lack of financial security, and the necessity of labor to survive.

POEM #4 ON THE DEATH OF A NEWSPAPER BOY Sa Pagkamatay ng Isang Newsboy

SYMBOLISMS

1. Pages:The poem's reference to certain pages can stand for wisdom, safety, and security. They stand for the boy's access to knowledge and education, which act as a barrier against hunger and vulnerability.

2.Nakedness and sharp hunger pangs: These lines represent the boy's poverty and helplessness. They stand in for his emotional and bodily requirements while emphasizing the hardships of poverty and the struggle for survival.

3.Flies: The poem's reference to flies can represent deterioration, meaninglessness, and the imminence of death. They serve as a reminder of the boy's death and his inevitable demise.

4.Space crowded with ads: This phrase symbolizes the overwhelming presence of commercialism and consumerism in society.It draws attention to the disconnect between the meaning of human lives and the surface-level distractions of the modern world by contrasting the boy's terrible death with the meaninglessness of commercials.

Loose Coin: The boy's head falling off like a loose coin is a symbol for both the depreciation of human life in society and his passing. It portrays the youngster as a victim of events that are out of his control.

LITERARY THEORIES:

1. Marxist theory: Marxist theory examines literature through the lens of class relations and social structures. One could examine the reference of the newspaper delivery kid as a victim of a careless driver in terms of the unequal distribution of power and resources and the exploitation of the working class.

2.Postcolonial theory: Postcolonial theory challenges the dominance of Western thought in literature and examines the impacts of colonialism. The poem can be examined through the lenses of power relations, colonialism's aftereffects, and the marginalization of particular people or groups.

3.Reader-response criticism: Reader-response criticism emphasizes the reader's interpretation and reaction to the text. The poem provokes strong feelings in readers and asks them to consider the terrible end of the newspaper delivery guy.

POEM #5 MARENG MENSIYA -Fanny A. Garcia

SYMBOLISMS

1. Financial allotment: The regular financial allotment from Mareng Mensiya's husband represents security, comfort, and stability. It symbolizes the change in their lives following the death of their spouse, when they had to deal with financial difficulties and strive to continue living the way they had before.

2.Laundrywoman: Mareng Mensiya's job as a laundrywoman, represents her loss of her former rank and her ascent into a lesser social level. It stands for the difficulties she encounters in supporting herself and her daughter.

3. Mely's elopement and marriage: Mely's decision to elope and marry Lino represents her wish for a different life and independence. It stands for a separation from her mother and the obligations associated with taking care of her.

4.Burden of caregiving: The narrator's burden of taking care of Mareng Mensiya represents the difficulties and sacrifices involved in taking care of an aging parent. It draws attention to the financial and mental burden that these kinds of circumstances can cause.

5.Cold treatment and forgiveness: The narrator's cold treatment of Mareng Mensiya represents jealousy and hatred against Mely's ostensibly good life. It captures the intricacies of familial relationships and the feelings that can surface when one feels overburdened with caregiving obligations. When Mely and the narrator both apologize and beg for Mareng Mensiya's pardon after her death, the concept of forgiveness is revealed.

LITERARY THEORIES:

The literary theorist used in the story can be identified as Marxist theory. Marxist theory examines literature along the lines of class relations and socialist ideals. Mareng Mensiya's life is shown in the novel as being influenced by her social and economic situation. She begins her life as a Manila police officer's mistress, leading a nice life alongside her daughter Mely. But after her husband passes away, she is left to work as a laundrywoman and experiences difficulties. Marxist theory is consistent with this depiction of social class and the effects of economic conditions.

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Israel-Palestine Conflict

The attacks were unprecedented in tactics and scale as Israel has not faced its adversaries in street battles on its own territory since the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. According to ALJAZEERA, The eviction of 750,000 Palestinians in 1948, the Nakba, is a crime that Israel and the world have yet to atone for. What else could anyone possibly call all the massacres, razed homes and theft of land but a catastrophe? That catastrophe — the Nakba — occurred 75 years ago, when Zionist militias drove 750,000 Palestinians from their homes, an act many describe today as ethnic cleansing. In late 1947, the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution 181 to partition Palestine into Arab and Jewish states, with just 33 votes in favour. Palestinians rejected the UN’s partition plan as an obvious violation of Palestinian rights, and warned of the coming devastation. (It didn’t take long for the killings to start.) On March 10, 1948, the Zionist Haganah paramilitary adopted Plan Dalet, which laid out a strategy to ethnically cleanse Palestine. A month later, in the village of Deir Yassin, Zionist militias killed more than 100 men, women and children — one of several massacres that served to terrorise Palestinians. On May 14, 1948, David Ben-Gurion declared the creation of the state of Israel, which led to the first Palestine-Israel war — and a massive refugee crisis. Zionist forces would go on to capture 78 percent of Palestine, with the rest divided into what are now the occupied West Bank and the Gaza Strip.Today, the Nakba continues with forced evictions and near-daily killings of Palestinians, committed by what many see as an apartheid state, all while the rest of the world stands by and watches.Hamas is an Islamist organization with a military wing that emerging in 1987 out of the Muslim Brotherhood, a Sunni Islamist group that was founded in the late 1920s in Egypt. Militant from Gaza fired thousands of rockets towards Israeli towns on October 7, before breaking through the heavily fortified border fence with Israel and sending militants deep into Israeli territory. There, Hamas gunmen killed more than 1,400 people, including civilians and soldiers, and took 199 hostages, according to Israeli authorities. Hamas is an islamists Organization, The group like most Palestinian function and political parties, insist that israel is an occupying power and that it is trying to liberate the Palestinian teritories. Israel responded, According to Ibrahim, Hadas, Gold, Lauren iszo, Amir Tal, Abeer Salman, Kareem Khadder, Richard Allen Greene and Hande Atay Alam, CNN. It is rare for Palestinian militants to be able to make it into Israel from Gaza which is sealed off and heavily watched by Israel’s military. As the day unfolded, the IDF said it was fighting in 22 locations, later adding that its operations has seen “ground and aerial forces thwarted hundreds of terrorists in the area surrounding the Gaza Strip and southern Israel.”They both want the land, Palestinians say restitution laws in Israel are unfair because they have no legal means to reclaim property they lost to Jewish families in the late 1940s in what became the state of Israel.Drawing on biblical prophecy and history, the Jews have centred much of their attention on the religious city of Jerusalem, which Muslims and Christians also revere deeply. The Temple Mount in the heart of the Old City is the thorniest bone of contention, housing some of the holiest sites in all three religions. The recent attacks have escalated as a response to what the Palestinians perceive as Jewish settlers trying to grab a firmer foothold in the Old City and eventually take over complete control — a fear symbolic of the decades-old religious tensions that have drawn battle lines between the two communities.

BIBLIOGRAPHY (MLA8)