beyond-the-lens

[beyond-the-lens]

Evaluation of the blog 'Beyond the Lens'

Introduction

The blog 'Beyond the Lens' serves as an analytical space for exploring various aspects of filmmaking. The primary objective has been to provide thought-provoking discussions that are found within practical examples from cinema. Through engaging topics such as the evolution of horror films, the role of mise-en-scène, and the psychological impact of character relationships, the blog seeks broader discussions on visual storytelling. However, constructive feedback from various readers, including Yasmine Micallef, Dylan Ebejer, and Maverick Schembri, highlights areas for refinement, including structural improvements, the need for academic research, and clearer arguments. This self-evaluation will critically assess the strengths and areas for improvement based on their insights.

Strengths

Insightful and Well-Researched Analyses

One of the key strengths identified in the feedback is the blog's ability to provide insightful discussions supported by relevant film examples. Yasmine Micallef notes that the post ‘Exploring the depth of Mise-en-scène in Visual Narratives’ effectively analyze mise-en-scène and horror films in the post ‘Cultural representation in Today’s Horror Films: Gory or Phsychological?’ by illustrating key elements with well-chosen examples such as Midsommar, The Conjuring 2, Star Wars, and The Wizard of Oz. The discussions on how mise-en-scène enhances storytelling and how horror films reflect societal fears are particularly compelling.

Similarly, Dylan Ebejer comments on the post ‘Cultural Representation in Today’s Horror Films: Gory or Psychological?’ for addressing the evolution of horror films and highlighting how modern horror blurs the line between monster and human. The discussion on how horror reflects societal fears is a valuable contribution to the ongoing dialogue about the genre's role in culture.

Maverick Schembri also acknowledges the strong connection drawn between character development and psychological theories, particularly in the discussion on Arcane (2021) and Baumrind’s parenting styles. The incorporation of psychological perspectives adds depth to the analysis and helps illustrate why audiences resonate with certain narratives.

Effective Use of Examples

All three reviewers recognize the effective use of film examples to support arguments. By discussing classic horror films such as Psycho and The Shining alongside contemporary works like Smile and Scream, the blog well contextualizes trends within the horror genre. Additionally, the use of Arcane (2021) to explore parental influence on character development effectively ties in psychological theories with storytelling techniques. More effective examples are found in the post ‘Understanding Semiotics: Defining Masuline traits through films and tv’ by giving examples from the tv show ‘The Walking Dead’ character, Negan.

Areas for Improvement

Structural Clarity and Transitions

The structure and flow of arguments is an area that might be improved significantly. Yasmine Micallef suggests that the transitions between concepts in the horror analysis should be smoother, resulting in a more consistent reading experience. The topic frequently switches between concepts without obvious direction, which may make it difficult for readers to follow the progress of ideas. A more systematic approach, such as summarising essential themes before delving into analysis, would provide greater clarity.

Depth of Research and Use of Academic Sources

One of the most prominent critiques across the feedback is the lack of academic sources. Both Dylan Ebejer and Maverick Schembri emphasize that incorporating scholarly research, film studies, and expert opinions would elevate the credibility of the arguments. While the blog does include references to films and general observations, it sometimes leans towards opinion rather than substantiated analysis.

For instance, the horror film analysis could benefit from references to academic discussions on genre theory, audience psychology, and historical influences. As Dylan Ebejer suggests, including more examples like Hereditary (2018) and Get Out (2017), and analyzing their social impact with audience reception data, would enhance the argument. Similarly, citing studies on how horror films influence cultural conversations around mental health and social issues would provide stronger support for claims.

Likewise, the post on character development and parenting styles would be strengthened by integrating more academic perspectives on psychological theories in storytelling. While Baumrind's framework is a useful reference, additional scholarly sources discussing character arcs and audience psychology would add further depth.

Grammar, Phrasing, and Readability

Yasmine Micallef also pointed out small grammar flaws and poor phrasing, such as using "mine-en-scene" instead of "mise-en-scène." While these flaws do not significantly distract from the ideas, sentence structure refinement and editing for clarity would improve readability. Improving transitions between paragraphs and using consistent vocabulary would also help to produce a more professional final result.

Actionable Steps for Improvement

Based on the feedback, several concrete steps can be taken to enhance the quality of the blog:

Refine Structural Organization:

Clearly outline main arguments before writing.

Improve transitions between sections to ensure smooth reading.

Strengthen the connection of the "Artwork" section to the blog's themes.

Incorporate More Academic Sources:

Reference scholarly research on horror films, audience psychology, and mise-en-scène.

Use studies and expert opinions to support claims rather than relying on informal sources like Reddit comments, as mentioned by Yasmine Micallef.

Improve Readability and Grammar:

Proofread for grammatical errors and awkward phrasing.

Ensure accurate terminology (e.g., "mise-en-scène").

Clarify complex sentences for better readability.

Strengthen Thesis Statements and Conclusions:

Make thesis statements more explicit and focused.

Ensure conclusions effectively summarize key points and reinforce arguments.

Avoid vague or general closing statements, which some might be repetitive of what had been discussed thoughout the post.

Enhance Audience Engagement and Credibility:

Integrate audience reception data to support claims about horror trends.

Discuss the broader social impact of horror films beyond just their themes.

Engage with industry insights and arguments leaning more towards academic sources rather than being opinionated. This is because there was not enough evidence provided to support the claims.

The strong and weak posts

Personally, the most effective posts within the blog are ‘The Art of Storytelling in Video Games: The Last of Us’. I enjoyed writing about the different mediums used for storytelling and how its effective and more immersive for players. As well as the post ‘The Impact of Music Videos on freedom of expression’, as it discusses various contoversies that are found within music videos and how they are used as a way for individuals to express themselves as well as use as as sources of inspiration. Since music and video games are two personal favourite hobbies, these posts were given more thought when being written. 

The post titled “The Impact of Mobile Devices: Are We Better Off Without Them?” lacks sufficient academic opinions and in-depth analysis of the subject. While it introduces an important and widely debated topic, it does not provide enough scholarly perspectives or research-based arguments to support its claims. Additionally, given that this was the first post, the objectives of the overall blog did not seem to align as effectively as they should have. The post could have better established a connection between its central theme and the broader purpose of the blog. Furthermore, it does not incorporate any relevant content regarding cinema and its effects on the topic of discussion. Given that media, particularly cinema, plays a significant role in shaping public perceptions of technology, it would have been beneficial to explore how mobile devices influence the film industry, audience engagement, and content consumption. Expanding on these aspects would strengthen the post’s relevance and ensure it aligns more closely with the intended focus of the blog.

Conclusion

Overall, ‘Beyond the Lens’ has been successful in providing insightful and engaging film analyses, particularly in its varoius topics of discussions such as horror films, mise-en-scène, character psychology, narrative styles and cultural impacts. The use of relevant film examples and thematic explorations has been a strong aspect of the blog, however, there is room for improvement especially in structural clarity and depth of research. The blog may improve its analytical quality and establish itself as a more reliable and significant resource for film enthusiasts by strengthening its arguments, adding reliable sources, simplifying transitions, and improving readability. Personally the topics discussed though the blog, were interesting and included personal interests. 

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The Impact of Music Videos on freedom of expression.

Music videos have been a part of the entertainment business for decades, capturing audiences with their distinctive blend of music and visuals. They have progressed from basic commercial tools to cultural milestones that reflect and influence current conventions, trends, and beliefs. From the early days of MTV to the present day of YouTube and streaming platforms, music videos have evolved into an effective medium for musicians to display their talent and interact with their fans (Disctopia.com, 2024).

An Inspiration For Cultural Trends

Music videos frequently set the standard for what's usually trending at that period of time. Fashion producers and designers frequently look to these videos for inspiration, as they feature strong trends that appeal to younger audiences. For example, Billie Eilish's trademark 'baggy' clothing, not only  in her music videos , but her overall lifestyle have influenced a shift in how Generation Z expresses themselves through fashion.

Freedom of Expression

Many artists make use of music videos to express complex societal issues. Some music videos that depict these issues are: 'Zombie' by The Cranberries (1994). The song itself was written as a tribute to the Warrington bombings in 1993 while the video shows various scenes depicting normal life in Northern Ireland, including children playing and soldiers patrolling the region (Hammersmith, 2022). As well as other artists including Kendrick Lamar's in 'Alright' and Donald Glover aka Childish Gambino's in 'This is America' both discuss the issues of race and Black Lives Matter movement throughout their music.

Other artists such as Billie Eilish and her brother FINNEAS both discuss the impact on global warming and promote sustainable living. One of Eilish's songs also produced and written by FINNEAS 'all the good girls go to hell' discusses the topic of global warming and climate strike. Older songs such as 'Another brick in the wall' by Pink Floyd represent governmental issues and the oppressive system. According the band, the music video shows students marching blindly and they are pushed into a meat grinder (by the teacher), which give the meaning that the teacher actually represents the government and the students are the people. 

Music videos apart from being visually pleasing for Pop music, they rely heavily on discussing sensitive topics which are usually left buried, whether it's about race, gender equality, governmental issues as well as LGBTQ+ rights and more.

The Double-Edged Sword of Influence

While music videos have been known to inspire, they have also been criticised for encouraging impractical beauty standards, materialism, and toxic behaviours, as seen in such videos; 'Anaconda' by Nicki Minaj or 'PUSH 2 START' by Tyla. Hypersexualized portrayals and excessive admiration of money, for example, might convey negative messages, particularly to vulnerable audiences.

Conclusion

Music videos are more than just to show the artists sing or people dancing. They are cultural artefacts that reflect and influence society. Their ability to influence trends, start significant conversations, and connect individuals all across the world demonstrates their long-term impact. Some music videos of today are already being made with impactful VFX, and as technology advances, music videos are expected to become increasingly more immersive and dramatic, cementing their status and a cornerstone of modern society.

References

Disctopia.com. (2024). The Artistry and Impact of Music Videos: A Visual Journey into Sound. [online] Available at: https://disctopia.com/insights/the-artistry-and-impact-of-music-videos-a-visual-journey-into-sound/.

Hammersmith, A. (2022). Top 10 Music Videos That Tackled Serious Issues | Articles on WatchMojo.com. [online] WatchMojo. Available at: https://www.watchmojo.com/articles/top-10-music-videos-that-tackled-serious-issues/jeremy-1992 [Accessed 23 Jan. 2025].

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Exploring the Depth of Mise-en-Scène in Visual Narratives

Mise-en-scene has been called film criticism’s “grand undefined term” translated from French as "setting the stage". This phrase originally referred to the staging of plays and theatrical productions. Nowadays, mine-en-scene has a greater impact on visual storytelling through films, Tv shows as well in paintings. In film, mise-en-scène refers to everything that happens in front of the camera including but not limited to: set design, lighting design, actor placement (scene blocking), and the way it all looks onscreen. As writer and director Amy Aniobi explains, mise-en-scene is "how you tell the story by what you see and not what’s being said.” (Lutes, 2023).

The Elements of Mise-en-Scène

There are 8 areas in filming: Cinematography, Setting, Colour, Lighting, Costumes, Props, Sound and Editing. These are all considered as elements of Mise-en-scène. These are the main 6 elements:

Setting: The physical space where the narrative unfolds. This can take place at any time and any place.

Lighting: How light and shadow shape the mood and perception. These complement colour as no lighting=no colour. Lighting also guides our eyes and tells us where to look and how we look at things.

Costume and Makeup: How characters’ appearances reveal their roles or states of mind. These complement the characters and the props.

Cinematography: The arrangement of objects and characters within the frame; including shot sizes, camera angles and composition.

Color Palette: Through colour we connect to the mise-en-scene through many different ways. In can evoke emotions, seasons, mood.

Props: The props help build the scene, and the characters’ body language.

Each of these elements contributes to the depth and meaning of a scene. Let’s delve into how these components function in films and paintings.

Comparing Mise-en-Scène in "Star Wars" and "The Wizard of Oz"

"Star Wars" (1977)

George Lucas' 'Star Wars' is a masterpiece of science fiction cinema, and its mise-en-scene was important in constructing a convincing galaxy far, far away. The Rebel hangar in Return of the Jedi was created by Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) using matte paintings. Models also played a part of the process. However, the artwork is what really shines out. Although lifelike CGI is now the standard for special effects, throughout the 1970s and 1980s, movie background sets were hand-painted. (Strike, 2017)

These paintings were used as backdrops, showing enormous extraterrestrial landscapes, starships, and cities. Strike, (2017) adds that the meticulous textures and perspective in these painted sets created a feeling of power and wonder while keeping production expenses low. These practical effects created an immersive world that continues to captivate audiences. These matte paintings were created by Chris Evans, Mike Pangrazio, Frank Ordaz, Harrison Ellenshaw, and Ralph McQuarrie.

"The Wizard of Oz" (1939)

Victor Fleming's The Wizard of Oz is renowned for its colourful mise-en-scene, particularly its revolutionary use of Technicolour. The transformation from sepia-toned Kansas to the brilliant, colourful Land of Oz remains one of the most iconic moments in film history.

The sets were elaborately constructed on sound stages, and featured imaginative designs such as the Yellow Brick Road. The yellow brick road literally and figuratively reflects the long path walked by the major characters throughout the film. As one of the first Technicolour pictures, the audience was able to fully understand the impact of mise-en-scene in this sequence, particularly the character development and storyline elements provided by the clothes, props, and scenery (Latorre, 2020). The use of vibrant colours and eccentric graphics highlighted the story's surreal nature, bringing viewers into Dorothy's dreamlike trip.

Comparing the Two Films

While both Star Wars and The Wizard of Oz rely extensively on mise-en-scene to create their worlds, their approaches reflect the technological and creative goals of their time periods.

Set Creation

Star Wars leaned on the innovation of matte painting and practical effects, blending real and imagined elements to create a futuristic yet grounded aesthetic. The hand-painted plexiglass backdrops were used to depict otherworldly scenes that would have been merely impossible to construct physically and would have been more costly.

The tangible aspect of The Wizard of Oz sets, combined with the Technicolour technique, resulted in a hyper-real visual approach that enhanced the magical story.

Color and Atmosphere

In Star Wars, the color palette often reflected on the tone of the narrative. For example, the stark whites of the Death Star contrasted with the earthy tones of Tatooine and the vibrant lights of the Rebel base, signaling shifts in mood and setting.

On the other hand, The Wizard of Oz used color more symbolically. The sepia-toned Kansas scenes represented the dull reality, while the saturated colors of Oz symbolized magic and a sense of escapism.

Impact on Storytelling

The mise-en-scene in Star Wars helped set a new standard for world-building in science fiction. Its rich images encouraged viewers to explore every corner of the universe.

In the case of The Wizard of Oz, the mise-en-scène was important when it came to immersing audiences in a fairy-tale world, with every detail reinforcing the themes of courage, friendship, and the search for home.

Conclusion

Mise-en-scene describes various parts of film production, including visually artistic elements such as storyboarding, cinematography, and stage design. As well in a poetical way through direction. It essentially means “visual theme” or “telling a story”. By recognising the complexity of mise-en-scene, viewers can obtain a deeper understanding of visual storytelling and the artistry that goes into them.

References

Strike, K. (2017). The Hand-Painted Scenes of The Original Star Wars Trilogy That Made Us Believe It Was Real - Flashbak. [online] Flashbak. Available at: https://flashbak.com/the-hand-painted-scenes-of-the-original-star-wars-trilogy-that-made-us-believe-it-was-real-379260/ [Accessed 22 Jan. 2025].

Lutes, A. (2023). What Is Mise en Scène? A Guide to Impactful Visual Storytelling. backstage.com. Available at: https://www.backstage.com/magazine/article/mise-en-scene-definition-examples-75967/.

Latorre, J. (2020). mise-en-scène in The Wizard of Oz. [online] Joanna LaTorre. Available at: https://www.joannalatorre.com/home/2021/9/10/theres-no-place-likethe-yellow-brick-road.

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Character Development: Parenting Methods

Throughout different mediums, the theme of parenthood often plays the role in shaping different characters across multiple storytelling platforms, integrating into the larger story and developing ideas of responsibility, culture, and identity. Parent-child connection through discussion and emotional expression is extremely important in affecting the child's social development and personality (Cheung et al., 2018; Shek et al., 2021).

This blog post explores how parenthood and parenting impact character development, with a specific example from the TV show Arcane: League of Legends through the characters of Vi and Jinx.

Parenting Styles

According to a study conducted by psychologist, Diana Baumrind in the 1960s, the majority of parents demonstrate one of three distinct parenting styles:

Authoritarian; children are expected to follow strict rules established by the parents. Failure to do so usually results in punishment.

Authoritative; establish rules and guidelines that their children are expected to follow. 

And Permissive; Make few demands on their children. These parents hardly punish their children because they have minimal expectations for maturity and self-control (Cherry, 2024).

Parenthood in Arcane: League of Legends

Parenthood and surrogate parenting are major factors in the development of the characters and their storylines in the animated series Arcane; a spin-off to the video game League of legends, which is a great example in showcasing character development. Through its detailed depictions of parental figures and their influence on the following generation, the series delves into complex relationships.

Vander: The Protective Father Figure

As the person who took on the responsibility of being a father figure to the parent-less Vi and Powder (later Jinx), Vander is a prime example of the selfless and protective aspects of parenthood. many of his decisions are driven from his commitment and dedication to safeguarding the kids and the larger community.

Vander's approach to parenting is categorised as authoritative. He raised them to be selfless and hard-working. He thought them the important aspects to life and how to survive. Most importantly he guided them in the right path and sacrificed himself to save them.

Although Vander's influence gives Vi a sense of duty and loyalty, his passing also leaves a gap that has a significant impact on Powder. His legacy shows how the loss of a father may cause separation among siblings by acting as a moral compass for Vi and driving Powder into chaos.

Silco: The Complicated Surrogate Parent

Silco’s relationship with Jinx represents a darker, more manipulative form of parenting. Silco's parenting approach is a mix of Authoritarian, as he punishes anyone who disregards his intentions, as well as permissive, specifically with Jinx. While he genuinely cares for Jinx and nurtures her, his actions are often self-serving, shaping her into a weapon for his cause. While his twisted kind of love gives Jinx a feeling of acceptance, it also makes her disorder worse. Silco's impact demonstrates how controlling and manipulative parenting, even when done with love, may be harmful.

Why Parenthood Resonates with Audiences

The universal appeal of parenthood is rooted in its relatability. Nearly everyone has been impacted by a parent, whether in a complex, positive, or negative way. Audiences can use these dynamics as a mirror to consider their own relationships, ideals, and personal development. The challenges and joys brought out from parenting, along with its profound influence, resonate deeply because they connect to shared human experiences of love, sacrifice, and the search for belonging.

Conclusion

Parenthood is a powerful narrative tool that drives character development in profound and varied ways. In Arcane: League of Legends, the nuanced portrayal of parental relationships adds depth and emotional weight to the story, making it a standout example of how parenthood can enrich storytelling. Not only is this seen in Arcane but as well as many other films such as Willy Wonka (2005), Home Alone (1990-2012) and Matilda (1996) (Mindtalk, 2024). By examining these connections, Visual artists engage audiences on a deeply personal level and serve as a constant reminder of the influence of the people who impact our lives.

References

Cherry, K. (2024). Why parenting styles matter when raising children. [online] Verywell Mind. Available at: https://www.verywellmind.com/parenting-styles-2795072.

Mindtalk (2024). Parenting styles based on popular movies: Which one is right for you? [online] Mindtalk.in. Available at: https://www.mindtalk.in/blogs/parenting-styles-based-on-popular-movies.

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Understanding Semiotics: Defining Masculine traits through films and tv.

Semiotics, derived from the Greek sēmeiōtikós, means the action of interpreting signs. Semiotics are a study of symbolic communication which offers profound insights into how media communicates ideas through signs, gestures, objects, verbal and non-verbal communication methods (TechTarget Contributor, 2017).

Among the many themes explored through semiotics, masculinity is commonly represented through the use of objects that represent powers such as: guns, weapons, tools as well as vehicles. These objects often symbolize power, dominance and control. Popular media platforms such as films and Tv shows, often rely on these visual and narrative signs to successfully communicate the complexity of characters and their dynamics. One striking example is the character Negan from The Walking Dead and his infamous barbed-wire-wrapped baseball bat, Lucille.

Masculinity and Phallic Symbols: Through A Semiotic Lens

In patriarchal cultures, phallic symbols are frequently used as symbols of power. They express authority not only over individuals, but also over places and situations. Seen in almost every horror films, the victim, usually a woman, gets penetrated by a knife or a chainsaw or any other weapon. Even in vampire films, the penetration by fangs into the skin, these are phallic in nature (Lorre, 2014).

Phallic symbols in media are not simply visual props; they serve as narrative elements that convey a character's dominance, authority, and, in many cases, identity. This can be clearly seen in previous example of Negan with his barbed-wired baseball bat.

Megan and Lucille (baseball-bat): A Case study

In the tv series 'The Walking Dead', in the later seasons, the show introduces a new character, using an unforgettable entrance. It is largely remembered due to the choice of weapon he wields and what actions he take to symbolise his masculinity and control as a leader.

The Naming Choice

Naming the bat "Lucille" wasn't a random choice for Negan. It is personalised around his loss and grief of his first wife "Lucille" which adds layers of complexity, blending tenderness with brutality, and tying his masculinity to themes of loss and survival. Giving the bat a name elevates it from being an inanimate object to a near-living thing. As showcased throughout each episode, there is a certain intimate connection between Megan and Lucille which grows deeper.

Lucille As a Phallic Symbol

Lucille’s design—a blunt, forceful object wrapped in sharp, destructive barbed wire—reflects Negan’s dual nature. Jeffrey Dean Morgan, from an ENTERTAINMENT article interview, said that when portraying this character, the bat 'makes him hard-just holding her.'

On one hand, the bat is a symbol of brute strength and aggression, embodying traditional masculine ideals of physical dominance. On the other hand, the barbed wire signifies pain and control, echoing Negan’s psychological grip on his followers and enemies alike. In this sense, Lucille serves as an extension of Negan himself, a phallic symbol that communicates his authority and capacity for violence. Morgan also stated that 'the affection towards the weapon is "as close to love as maybe Negan will ever have." (Baila, 2016).

Wider Implications In Media

Negan and Lucille demonstrate how the media utilises phallic symbols to examine masculinity. From swords in medieval dramas to guns in action films, these props serve as narrative metaphor for male strength and identity. However, as shown with Negan, these signs invite criticism, exposing the flaws and contradictions present in traditional masculine beliefs.

By examining characters like Negan through a semiotic lens, audiences can obtain a deeper understanding of how media constructs and deconstructs gender roles. This perspective encourages viewers to question the cultural norms embedded in these portrayals and to recognize the layers of meaning that objects and symbols carry in storytelling.

Conclusion

As Ferdinand de Saussure had said, "What we see is only tangible because of our history and education." " This is why the things we see, we see them as we do." Semiotics opens a window into the subtle ways media communicates ideas about not only masculinity through symbols like phallic objects, but about every little detail we see on screen.

Analysing these characteristics allows us to better understand the subtle connection between narrative, symbolism, and cultural insight in the media we consume.

References

TechTarget Contributor (2017). What is semiotics? - Definition from WhatIs.com. [online] WhatIs.com. Available at: https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/semiotics.

Lorre, E.J. (2014). Every Spooky Thing is Phallic. [online] Don’t Worry, Be Mappy. Available at: https://dontworrybemappy.wordpress.com/2014/03/21/every-spooky-thing-is-phallic/.

Baila, M. (2016). The Reason Behind Negan’s Obsession With Lucille On The Walking Dead. [online] Refinery29.com. Available at: https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2016/09/122589/the-walking-dead-negan-lucille-relationship [Accessed 17 Jan. 2025].

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The Art Of Storytelling In Video Games: The Last Of Us

Introduction

What are video games when you really think about them? Of course they are a form of entertainment, well, for most of us. Video games are a way to have fun and bring out your competitive side. It's an adrenaline rush. Most gameplays are filled with endless possibilities and are never ending.

I personally believe that what makes video games interesting are their narratives. The storytelling.

Now it doesn't necessarily mean that games without a story are unentertaining. If you think about Minecraft, which is a sandbox game filled with endless creativity, still has a story behind it. This is captured through the characters and scenery.

The Importance Of Storytelling

Storytelling is a method of expressing emotions through words and actions, which exposes pieces of a story and encourages the listener to be imaginative, (National Storytelling Network. 2019).

There's so much more to storytelling when it comes to video games than just creating an engaging story. It's a way to immerse players into the game's universe, full of different characters which one might sympathise with and others whom you despise (Game-Ace, 2023). According to Porokh, H. (2023), one of the key benefits to storytelling in video games is the immersive experience which allows the player to become fully invested in the game's narrative, creating an emotional attachment and having a more satisfying experience.

Porokh, H. (2023), continues on how deeper and important themes and messages are displayed more clearly through certain narratives, eventually this leads to critical thinking and problem-solving as players delve into complex narratives.

Artwork

Now that I have proven myself to be more drawn to story-based games, one of my absolute favourite games that I have played which struck me emotionally is The Last of Us, both part I and part II. The sequel delves deep into an apocalyptic world, based in the US, specifically in Boston, Pittsburgh, Settle, Salt Lake City, Jackson and many more locations. The story is focused around the lives of Ellie and Joel. Throughout the games we see their relationship blossom, while on a journey to find a cure for the fungal disease also known as 'Cordyceps', which attacks the brain and transforms people into monsters known as Clickers, Stalkers and Bloaters; these are the different stages of the disease.

Reviews

These characters' stories are filled with personal struggles and having to sacrifice a lot along the way, evoking a deep emotional response from the player. Players have described it as the greatest most intense and emotional journey that they have experienced. Another player said that it was an immersive experience which blossomed relationships not only through relating to the characters but to the player him/her self.

Themes Explored

From my experience of playing the game, I have noticed many themes which came out throughout the game. These are some of the key elements noticed in both parts:

Love and Death

Of course it being a game set in a post-apocalyptic world, one would expect for death to be a big part of the game. Characters are constantly dying but those who are not of much importance, their loss is not felt like others. In the beginning of Part I, Joel almost immediately loses his daughter Sarah, and later on his friend/love? Tess. These deaths impact how the characters' personal evolves. 

A great example which comes to mind, is the bitter suite attitude Joel had towards Ellie when they first met. He was cold towards her and almost seemed as if he did not want to create a form of relationship with her, because deep down she reminded him of his daughter and that Joel did not want to experience more loss. Certain emotions might be missed if you're not keen on these small details.

Loss of Innocence

Ellie, being a 14 year old in the beginning of Part I, growing up in such an environment, experiences a loss of innocence. These harsh environments teach these young characters to be mature from a young age, grappling complex emotions and the harsh realities of survival. From loosing her best friend Riley, she had to learn how to cope with this loss, but further into the game, her emotions become more strong as she has to deal with bigger things.

Violence

Violence is a big part of video games. In the Last Of Us, violence brings more violence. This is especially seen in Part II, where the killing of certain people lead to a war between groups. Humans turn on humans in stressful environments, living in a world of no clear right or wrong answers. Apart from human disagreements, violence occurs throughout with the infected and other groups.

Conclusion

Video games have undoubtedly evolved into a great medium for storytelling and have yet to increase their capabilities. Unlike other forms of storytelling, video games give the player the opportunity to take part in the unfolding of the story. As the medium evolves and expands, storytelling in video games will surely play an increasingly crucial part in the overall trajectory of modern storytelling, challenging our perceptions and pushing the boundaries of what narratives can do.

References

Game-Ace. (2023). The Power of Storytelling in Video Games. [online] Available at: https://game-ace.com/blog/storytelling-in-video-games/.

National Storytelling Network (2019). What Is Storytelling? [online] National Storytelling Network. Available at: https://storynet.org/what-is-storytelling/.

Porokh, A. (2023). Storytelling in video games. [online] Kevuru Games. Available at: https://kevurugames.com/blog/the-art-of-storytelling-how-is-storytelling-used-in-video-games/.

Sukhdial, A. (2022). Video Games and the Power of Storytelling. [online] stonesoup.com. Available at: https://stonesoup.com/post/video-games-and-the-power-of-storytelling/.

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Shifting Perspectives: Lesbian Representation in Film Through the Male and Female Gaze

Introduction

The portrayed of lesbians is quite complex, showcasing many layers of misconceptions and revealing many societal issues. When it comes to lesbian characters in films, there are two lenses which these characters are viewed from; the male gaze and the female gaze. These different view points, reflects on how lesbian relationships are perceived and how their identities are being represented.

The Male Gaze

The concept of the male gaze was first introduced by Laura Mulvey in 1973, using concepts from Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis. The male gaze refers to how woman are being objectified throughout the lens in Hollywood films due to most directors/producers are male dominated which have influence over the production process. Their decision then reflect on their own interests and values. The male gaze represents women as objects for male desire, reducing them to be visually appealing rather than fully formed people with emotions.

In the context of lesbian representation in film, the male gaze can transform what could be an intimate relationship between two women with emotional connections to spectacles for the male audience, serving as a fetishisation. As most lesbian films go, they are not targeted for the girls but for the men, because what’s better than one woman, when you can have two.

An example of a film that caters for the male gaze is ‘Blue is the warden’s color,’  which depicts the story of two lesbians in a relationship. Although one would think it’s targeted to the queer community, the lack of intimacy and use of sex scenes, one of which is almost 7 minutes long, makes it feel like a porno, especially with the use of camera angles. As well as the actresses being two straight women, with a male director, further emphasises this.

Artwork impacting the female gaze

As seen in the film ‘A Portrait of a lady in fire’, which was written and directed by a lesbian filmmaker, Céline Sciamma, is a good example of what the female gaze might represent. Unlike other queer films, this represents the attraction of the characters simply by using a gaze as seen in the image below. The way Sciamma portrayed their emotions towards each other is subtle but very effective. The only time we see an intimate scene between the two, it was kept discreet. The film mostly revolves around these two characters, a young painter, Marianne, a Heloise. The few times where men are seen in the film, either their in the background or not given much importance.

Other examples of where the male gaze is not accounted for include cartoon portrayals of queer love such as 'Adventure Time', where the connection between Marceline and Princess Bubblegum was not very evident throughout the  episodes, and the only kiss they shared was in the finale.

 This was also observed in another cartoon program, 'She-Ra', where the viewer could sense the intimacy and love between the characters, Adora and Catra, but had to wait until the end to witness the kiss.

Conclusion

The portrayal of lesbian relationships in movies has historically been influenced by opposing viewpoints, with the male gaze frequently overshadowing true representation. Lesbian relationships are typically sexualised in the male gaze, acting as spectacles for heterosexual audiences rather than authentic depictions of love and identity.

 In contrast, the female gaze provides a much-needed change by emphasising the emotional depth, authenticity, and complete humanity of lesbian characters.

Embracing the feminine gaze may help us gain a better understanding of female identities and relationships, celebrating their stories and human experiences. By advocating for this change, we create room for more meaningful, powerful depictions that reflect the diversity of lesbian experiences and perspectives.

References

Media Studies (2021). Laura Mulvey’s ‘Male Gaze’ Theory | Definition and Examples. [online] Media Studies. Available at: https://media-studies.com/male-gaze/.

Hashem, K. (2024). Escaping the male gaze as a lesbian. [online] The Vermont Cynic. Available at: https://vtcynic.com/opinion/escaping-the-male-gaze-a-lesbian/ [Accessed 4 Nov. 2024].

[beyond-the-lens]

Cultural Representation In Today’s Horror Films: Gory or Psychological?

Introduction

As early as the 1800s, the horror genre was first introduced into film by Georges Méliès in the 1890s with his films “The House of the Devil” (1896) and “The Bewitched Inn” (1897). Throughout the decades, horror films have become a hit with films such as “Psycho” (1960), “The Shining” (1980), “Scream” (1996-2023) and with a recent one “Smile” (2024). 

Like many different genres of films, horror films are a reflection of society’s fears and worries. Over the years, the genre has developed to explore many types of fears, ranging from gory slasher flicks like “The Purge” and “Terrifier” to complex psychological horror like “Midsommer”. In today’s films, both slasher and psychological styles are combined together with a significant tilt towards the psychological. It digs deep into our mind makes it more horrifying since the “monster” appears more human like.

Artwork

Referenced in the image below, the film “Midsommar” is a great example of a psychological horror. The film doesn’t necessarily need to have blood or  brutal scenes  to be considered as horror. In the case of this film, it approaches the themes of grief, isolation and mental health, which for most viewers have found it to be mentally frustrating and leaves the viewer with questions and can resonate on a personal level.

 An interesting take on this film is that it touches on cultural identity of a Swedish village. The villagers start out as a welcoming community to the outsiders, but as the story progresses, it takes a sinister turn in which the guests are invited to partake in festivities which lead to some unnerving and disturbing scenes.

Similar to Midsommar, The Conjuring 2, also touches with the theme of identity, where as seen in the film, Janet, the girl from the image, is under demonic possession, entity takes possession of her. Without a doubt, the family struggles to find their daughters real identity which is buried by that of the entity.

In both photos, the main protagonists are forced to confront their deepest fears and traumas. The terror is as much about internal conflicts—grief, trauma, loss of control—as it is about outside threats. Midsommar investigates these issues through a psychological and cultic lens, whereas The Conjuring 2 employs paranormal and demonic aspects to bring interior terror to the surface.

Research

The media has sparked a debate over whether horror films are losing their spark by being replaced with physiological horror; some claim that psychological horror represents a deeper, more complex evolution of the genre, while others argue that without the raw, unfiltered terror, it deviates from what made it popular in the first place. 

Psychological Horror fans think that the genre's shift away from blood and guts is not only progressive, but also required for horror to remain relevant. A comment left on a post on reddit about Psychological Horror vs Gore (r/horror, 2024), stated that they find psychological films tent to provide us with unique glimpses of how people’s mind works and also tend to give them a mystery to think about. While on gore flicks, the same person said that they are just fun to watch.

Gore enthusiasts, on the other hand, claim that psychological horror lacks the adrenaline-pumping, visceral components that distinguished the genre in its early days. Combining the two styles of horror creates a multi-dimensional experience that appeals to viewers who want the quick shock of gore while also getting the lasting anxiety that psychological horror brings.

Conclusion

In the end, both physical and psychological horror are important aspects of the genre. These films force us to confront not just the monsters on screen, but also the worries and concerns that afflict our lives.  The first covers the fundamental fear of physical harm while the second delves further into existential panic. Together, they offer a wide range of terror that reflects the complexities of modern existence. As time goes on, horror will continue to reflect and respond to our world's developing concerns. 

References

Reddit.com. (2024). Reddit - Dive into anything. [online] Available at: https://www.reddit.com/r/horror/comments/1eh29cj/psychological_horror_vs_gore_horror_me_personally/ [Accessed 2 Nov. 2024].

New York Film Academy (2015). The First Horror Movie And The History Of The Horror Genre. [online] New York Film Academy. Available at: https://www.nyfa.edu/student-resources/how-horror-movies-have-changed-since-their-beginning/.

[beyond-the-lens]

The Impact of Mobile Devices: Are we better off without them?

Introduction

Having a phone has become the norm nowadays, seeing almost everyone has one. It has become part of our daily lives, and it's become almost impossible to function without one; carrying most of our work, bank account information and connections with the people around us on it. But even though it's a useful tool, it can be a harmful tool as well. So would we be better off without our phones and revert back to our older ways of communication?

We have created relationships with our mobile phones. But for some of us we might not realise that. It becomes so natural to us nowadays, that for any inconvenience or whenever we are bored, we reach out for our "significant other". Without noticing it, we start alienating the people that physically surround us, and choose to engage with those through our screens. ​

Artwork

As shown in the photo below by Rafa Borges, it can be seen that the two adults; who may be the parents of the child, are putting all their attention on their phones. From what can be also seen is the fact that the child is holding a newspaper instead of a mobile device, which nowadays most children are given in order for parent to keep their kids calm and quiet. The adults in the photo might be against having their child use technological devices at such a young age, which makes it ironic since they are encouraging  bad behaviour through their actions. This reflects on the truth about how most of our population are drawn to their screens, ignoring the things around them.

What happens if we go back to our old habits and limit our use of technology? According to M.Boyle(2018), "When you're connected to wifi, you're disconnected from life." Something about this remark truly resonates with this photograph, since it is evident that the adults are losing out on important times in the child's life.

Research 

According to an interview about social media use, a professor of psychiatry at the Stanford School of Medicine, Dr A.Lembke (2024) states that, an increasingly amount of data suggest that the amount of time a person spends time on social media or any other technology every day, increases the chance of  experiencing depression and anxiety. It was observed that when clinically depressed and anxious people spend less time on social media, their mood improves. Another expert Dr G.Mark (2024), when asked how social media and technologies affect our day-to-day interactions, G.Mark (2024) stated that people's social connections with one another have decreased significantly, and are losing the ability to form intimate relationships with other because their focus is diverted elsewhere.

Conclusion

To conclude this debate, on the discussion on whether mobile devices are damaging tools or if we should revert to our older modes of communications is complex and diverse. While cellphones provide amazing connectedness, ease, and access to information, they also present issues in terms of mental health, attention spans, and true human interactions. Instead of viewing the problem as a simple decision, we should strive for a balanced strategy that maximises the benefits of technology while minimising its negatives. Setting boundaries for technological use and  prioritising face-to-face contacts, may all help people navigate the new communication landscape more consciously. Finally, it's not about giving up on mobile devices entirely, but about utilising them in a way that improves rather than detracts from our lives.

References

Boyle, M. (2018). My advice after a year without tech: rewild yourself | Mark Boyle. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/mar/19/a-year-without-tech-debt-gadgets-reconnect-nature.

Aggeler, M. (2024). Are smartphones bad for us? Five world experts answer. The Guardian. [online] 10 Jan. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2024/jan/10/smartphone-screentime-good-bad-expert-advice.