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INTERNATIONAL TOURISM

An international tourist crosses the boundaries of many countries, uses different currencies, faces different languages and meets different types of people. Usually international tourism involves longer distances although crossing small countries or travelling in the neighbourhood of international borders may involve short distances.

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DOMESTIC TOURISM

It is concerned with travelling within the country. It does not need a pass­port and visa or conversion of one currency into another. Domestic tourism has greater scope in countries of large dimensions such as India as compared to smaller countries. From a geographical viewpoint, domestic tourism may range from local excursion, regional trips to national level travels.

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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRAVEL AGENT AND TOUR OPERATOR

A travel agent will be the person who provides all the services related to your tour and manage where you fly from, where you get your connecting flights and hiring of cars in the local area. A tour operator, on the other hand, will be responsible for all the issues related to travel including the trip. It takes care of your hotel reservations, airport choices, what activities are done in a new city and the places you want to visit. It is, therefore, safe to say that a tour operator can be a travel agent, but a travel agent cannot always be a tour operator. Another difference between them in some cases is that a tour operator will be responsible for all the things when you arrive in the city while a tour operator will become your guide even before you start your journey. A tour agent does not have a contract with the people who want to travel, it just provides the facilities on an individual basis once a person gets in contact with them. A travel agent is like signing a contract in which it is their obligation to provide all the facilities from the beginning to the end. One more difference that can be obtained from all this is that a tour operator can act as a middle man between the traveler and the travel agent while an agent acts on its own. Flights arrangements can be the responsibility of the travel agent while a tour operator asks the travel agents to make these arrangements on behalf of the people who want to visit.

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An advertising push strategy refers to a situation when a vendor advertises its product to gain audience awareness, while the pull strategy implies the aims to reach audiences which have shown existing interest in the product or information about it. The difference between "push" and "pull" marketing can also be identified by the manner in which the company approaches the lead. If, for example, the company were to send a sales brochure, that would be considered pushing the opportunity toward the lead. If, instead, the company provided a subject matter expert as a speaker for an industry event attended by targeted leads, that could be one tactic used as part of a strategy to pull in a lead by encouraging that lead to seek out the expert in a moment of need for that expertise.

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The original hierarchy of needsfive-stage model includes:

1. Physiological needs - these are biological requirements for human survival, e.g. air, food, drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, sleep.

If these needs are not satisfied the human body cannot function optimally. Maslow considered physiological needs the most important as all the other needs become secondary until these needs are met.

2. Safety needs - protection from elements, security, order, law, stability, freedom from fear.

3. Love and belongingness needs - after physiological and safety needs have been fulfilled, the third level of human needs is social and involves feelings of belongingness. The need for interpersonal relationships motivates behavior

Examples include friendship, intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving affection and love. Affiliating, being part of a group (family, friends, work).

4. Esteem needs - which Maslow classified into two categories: (i) esteem for oneself (dignity, achievement, mastery, independence) and (ii) the desire for reputation or respect from others (e.g., status, prestige).

Maslow indicated that the need for respect or reputation is most important for children and adolescents and precedes real self-esteem or dignity.

5. Self-actualization needs - realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. A desire “to become everything one is capable of becoming”

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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs 

  Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid.

Maslow (1943, 1954) stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs and that some needs take precedence over others. Our most basic need is for physical survival, and this will be the first thing that motivates our behavior. Once that level is fulfilled the next level up is what motivates us, and so on.

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WHY THE PEOPLE TRAVEL?

Other reasons people travel are:

1. work

2. Health and medical

3. Leisure 

4. Ecotourism

5. LGBT

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In Panama we have two stations wet / dry.

In the tourist area the dry season does not affect almost anything, since we are a country with coasts on both sides and we are very visited because of our beautiful beaches and it is at this time that we have called high season in tourism.

While in the rainy season we call it the low season in tourism since visits to beaches, forests, parks and any outdoor space are affected, the streets of Panama are flooded, buildings are affected , etc.

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HOW AFFECT PANAMA THE INTER TROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE?

Panama has only two seasons — wet and dry. This is due the Intertropical Convergence Zone, or ITCZ, where trade winds from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres collide and, fueled by the hot air and warm ocean of the tropics, create a band of clouds and stormy weather that circles the Earth.

Between May and November, the ITCZ’s line of thunderstorms is directly over Panama, creating the wet season. The moisture flows westward from the Caribbean, which causes much higher rainfall on the Caribbean side of the country than the Pacific side.

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INTER TROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE

The ITCZ ​​or ITCZ ​​(Inter Tropical Convergence Zone) is a strip of low pressure located in the equatorial zone, where the trade winds of the southeast and the northeast converge. Due to the high temperatures the masses of air are forced to ascend causing abundant cloudiness and heavy rainfall some accompanied by electric shocks. The ITCZ ​​is not uniform or continuous, it can be interrupted and its thickness varies from one place to another, also its behavior in maritime and continental areas.

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Through Laureate International University (the largest international consortium of universities in the world), Glion Institute of Higher Education joins the Interamerican University of Panama to offer bachelor's degrees in hotel management, culinary arts and the degree of tourism companies in which I'm. For more than 50 years the Glion Institute of Higher Education has set standards of excellence as a renowned hotel school in Switzerland.

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INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM

Analysis of the economic, social, political, cultural and geographical environment in which the tourist activity takes place. Study of the operation of the different tourist sub-sectors. Analysis of tourism demand and supply, trajectory and trends, tourism flows, motivations, etc. Study of the interrelation between tourist agents and aspects related to the production and distribution of products.

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