daribenetka

[daribenetka]

Venetian has something correspondent to French "est-ce que", though it's not analysed as a particle. Many northern italian languages have verbal affixes too, including Venetian :)

Polar interrogatives (=yes/no questions) 

Please help me fill the blank areas if you know the value of that languages!

[daribenetka]

[ȿ] [ɀ]

So I’m going to need the IPA to include these two symbols already. It’s pretty obvious that the whistled sibilants are phonemic in a handful of Bantu languages, and even Shosted (2006) wrote a whole paper on their phonemi status. Alongside that we need to include the labiodental flap [ⱱ] more commonly as well, and the bilabial flap [ⱳ]. It’s as if the usage of a symbol is entirely based on how common it is, withot any regards to it’s necessity for a proper transcription even if it’s just for one language.

[daribenetka]

my favorite thing about the myst lore is the numbers

what a cool fucking number system i have not seen any other conlang/conculture with numbers this cool.

[daribenetka]

Parseltongue

I went to a talk given by the man who developed Parseltongue for the Harry Potter films, Prof Francis Nolan. Just a few ‘facts’ about the language with some of the 'explanations’ given:

Phonology

It’s got no rounded vowels or labial consonants (because snake lips aren’t very flexible)

It’s got pharyngeal consonants (because some snakes like to constrict things)

It’s got a large number of fricatives, which also exhibit a length contrast (because…snakes)

Syntax

It’s got basic VSO order

It’s got postpositions (typologically highly unusual for a VSO language)

It’s ergative

Borrowings

The word 'muggle’ has been borrowed into English from Parseltongue 'ŋaʔalas’ - obviously!

[daribenetka]

What I say: I'm a conlanger

What I mean: I think of approximately 47 morphonological processes every day, raid academic texts for grammar ideas, and have a stack of papers about a foot high filled with partially-filled-out conjugation tables and doodles for made-up alphabets but I couldn't even ask "How are you?" in a single one of the sketchy messes I call "conlangs"

[daribenetka]

Can somebody explain to me what is happening with Norway’s government taking children away from families?  Because I’m confused. Or is it fake? Because from one side I read that they are being taken away from highly racist, neo-fascist families but on the other side they are just being taken from a loving home. 

[daribenetka]

Places where reality is a bit altered:

• any target • churches in texas • abandoned 7/11’s • your bedroom at 5 am • hospitals at midnight • warehouses that smell like dust • lighthouses with lights that don’t work anymore • empty parking lots • ponds and lakes in suburban neighborhoods • rooftops in the early morning • inside a dark cabinet

[daribenetka]

a friend of mine compiled a list of sins in conlanging:

1. thou shalt not start a conlang by doing a phonology sketch

2. thou shalt not randomly generate your first words

3. thou shalt not start with a writing system

4. thou shalt not use an african gender system

5. thou shalt not recreate finnish

6. thou shalt not make an IE erglang

7. thou shalt not covet lojban, ithkuil, esperanto, or toki pona

8. thou shalt not make a language with a productive affix meaning “joyfully” and a verb meaning “menstruate” if one then intends to combine them

9. thou shalt not derive child languages using nothing but sound changes

10. thou shalt not triconsonantal anything

1. thou shalt not make a featural system

2. thou shalt not start an ideographic system thou dost not intend to finish

3. thou shalt not carve random shapes into your kitchen table and pretend it is a system of runes

4. thou shalt not covet the japanese syllabaries without knowing the basic ductus

5. thou shalt not mimic western typography instead of western scripts

6. thou shalt not derive handwriting if thou dost not have handwriting

7. thou shalt not post unfiltered pictures from thy smartphone

8. thou shalt not gift those not of this earth with obvious terrestrial inspiration

9. thou shalt not use animation or color in thy writing systems for any fucking reason

10. thou shalt not covet tolkien 

[daribenetka]

[daribenetka]

This tweet doubles as a great explanation of the difference between semantic and pragmatics: 

A: Your greatest weakness?  B: Interpreting semantics of a question but ignoring the pragmatics A: Could you give an example? B: Yes, I could

[daribenetka]

[daribenetka]

The ignorance some people are kept in makes me so angry

im really confused by people that thing all les amis were straight white boys? like………….theyre revolutionaries.  as if a huge group of straight white men looked at the status quo and decided “yeah this is unacceptable”

[daribenetka]

Ouch!

1800s Week!

Konstantin Andreyevich Somov

Portrait of Alexander Pushkin

Russia (1899)

Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin is considered by many to be the greatest Russian poet of all time, as well as the founder of modern Russian Literature. As for his style, he has been claimed variously by Romantics, neo-Classicists, and Realists.

His grandfather*, Abram Petrovich Gannibal, was an African kidnapped and brought to Russia. He became a major general, military engineer, and nobleman of the Russian Empire. Pushkin wrote an unfinished historical novel about him entitled Peter the Great’s Negro. Abram Gannibal’s son, Ivan Gannibal, also rose to military prominence, garnering victories in the Russo-Turkic war, and founded the city of Kherson.

Pushkin is usually credited with developing Russian literature. Not only is he seen as having originated the highly nuanced level of language which characterizes Russian literature after him, but he is also credited with substantially augmenting the Russian lexicon. Where he found gaps in the Russian vocabulary, he devised calques. His rich vocabulary and highly sensitive style are the foundation for modern Russian literature. His talent set up new records for development of the Russian language and culture. He became the father of Russian literature in the 19th century, marking the highest achievements of 18th century and the beginning of literary process of the 19th century. Alexander Pushkin introduced Russia to all the European literary genres as well as a great number of West European writers. He brought natural speech and foreign influences to create modern poetic Russian. Though his life was brief, he left examples of nearly every literary genre of his day: lyric poetry, narrative poetry, the novel, the short story, the drama, the critical essay, and even the personal letter.

[x] [x] [x] [x]

*great-grandfather; the distinction thereof is apparently quite important to some

[daribenetka]

isnt it spooky how sometimes when you become aware of something it pops up all over the place 

and not just like ‘i never noticed before’ like, it was not there before but now its EVERYWHERE 

literally just last night i got interested in conlangs and ive seen three different posts about them in the past like, fifteen minutes

[daribenetka]

The Chalaylas

The Chalaylas is the longest surviving contiguous work in Western Eylastal. It tells the story of the defeat of Drios by Uras, despite divine opposition. Many passages are well-known through translations into Hixtal. I’ve distinguished these in boldface.

Chalaylas Urov swa Driov

Aharo cwi aványir adzelir                   swa sewlir sadhalir kay egmov so,           cyat nwa voydhósa laylim ivlir te           ti ecyo aynon sunanon efró.                 A sadhar so ek Uren tartebla,               ol èov tiryo Dria egmo sco,                 agáhte Uras agadríabla,                     ga nelsho glarion ta tiryatôs.            

Ga onlo Uras genwon Driathon,               e naryo norov opyês egmien,                 swa onlu fehi engei ton so,                 shta edzu asi kay mot áveken;             cha'y naru prôvilúlis evrulon,               swa genulnon athoron Driathen,               swa'y obnu Fortesmo, ga bliov sa,           cha'y gyaru Driar fi mot zahus men.      

Niy aysho adzel Rahas Uzar ko               swa tasco “Urat lei nari sha,               ti trefi bladhi gyatsu athelon,             è semza ga, ta nelki, cetson sa?           Heth twari bladhim athriôs nwa fo           am adri engi adzelis selát;                 te bladhu amon fo el roy swa cwar           swa shtendi vekti; nol anari sha.”        

Agáhte sfetyo Uras adzelar, “Shtalá cyatari sha tor athron men?” Swa tar côcharya Rahas, “Tiryaví sca sha aványa Driacétsien!”           Cha tasco Uras, “asi tirim shwi, shtalá nwa cetson si ef aprien?” Niy cyuriécyo Rahas sadhazar, rwa tasco “Charismá to malpien!      

Sha karaví athoriz niyov ha, swa ihu prôvilúlus tólki fa, rwa harbi sfia ta swa metri ta, ti semza cetson scaya tira sa;                 cha adzelbúloy ceri sfia noy, cay Urat ti achari adzel sha, swa asi scoy ek tarim ivlir sco, sha voydhi say’ numeya vanyêsmá.”      

Ga shwendo Rahas Uren swa niylá, ga aysho Driar genwon cetson lo, swa taryo sfeto “Driel driathon, heth twas ga hagya Urel cura fo                 amétra heth swa prôvilúla sa, swa trefya gyatsu harba tiryatôs.” “Sa zweri mo!” tas Dria pelion, shta peliécyo ‘haryo ágano.            

Ol evrulon tiz shwendo Uras ko, kay feflu sheflis nubnon shtecanon swa'y eliu ayni etwis tôvaltá; ga hokto Uras saknon bednanon.         Rwa haryo hesyu, beldatúus vef, scay pomdu garis evron calanon, swa te byo Uras froyo shtahte lo, cul desfr samu kay ol eyanon.          

Sadhari naru samu kay amtá, sarlúlis so, swa elitsus bu kay, kay eliálu monyu capsius cha evriul swa omris eliáy.             “Sarlúlit cay!” tas Uras pelion, “Vwex naro sfia engi vodhi say’!” Cha tar côcharyo mona “Asi soy; ca aydhu amel sta swa driôráy.”                  

Niy thesis corvu Uzar swa niylá, kay aniarlu tar el enlias:                         ga Mawgras, Ublas, Bednas swa selát, ga Shakas, Hèas, Genas, Eshentas;       cha Sarlas monya naryo nei si, shtahtá ektaryo Genas swa ga tas                   “Ga trefya shawya Eriádnôs sca, te hagya ga niy engov, Sarlias.”      

Am icnon Uras vrner thoriz ko ton genulir èn prôvilulanir, swa óra onli kulis anfu kay ti thokti sádharis kay niyalir         atólku aga driacetsôs shu. “Hex adzelcélit” hesyis galanir è iku thoktis ko; ga 'ceryo lo tarósus Rahen “Bulôsmá ibnir!”        

Niy nol a golga so ek enlôsáy, ga Golgas tartel engir golgalir –shta ahi ayshu engi tartelis– sadhara mona drien vewzanir             kay 'numon enanon ol egmov ko; ga anwaharyo engir sadhalir è sfetu kay swa fevlu Uzar fo, swa ga akarso Golgas evrulir.          

Ton apro noron numon Ragnas so,         ga gulmo ehaharyus golgen mo. “Cay Ragnel bwi haróso pelya heth!” tas Golgas ishu holwiz Ragnen ko,       swa chio, “Cektu niyi bubis na ek seku chagu genwo diulôs el vecthelis, ta tólka Uras fa, ga insa bladhanu, ga neli so!”        

Ol genul samyo Uras icnon so kay obnu ta en lugal adzelnir en helcanu, ga atra bulo ash, swa tasco “Urel tólkanu imlir,         cay pelyêt, ga mektáfya Drio sca!” E ánwe froy ko Uzar vektalir. Ga Fèmas banranu tar tasco lo, “E nerya tirês heth ha sèmbilir.”    

Ton sèmbion e anfo tirês ko             tsi ímar Urov corva ek firáy, swa tasco “Adzelcélat, vanya sha, shtalá bir sha ek gala sefyeráy?”   Cyahtá aceryo ga azeryo tir miánwiôs, e Uros mihaláy, swa aysho tiriz roy arnúilir, swa cyuriblo cyataryo “Culiáyt!  

Shtalá shwi emlim eth, ti mawgi ha! nwa adzelúle vweti hihu na, ti hescu himu nalinir kay fa,                   swa swari sha cyatari atri sha   ni bulo adzelnir, e narye soy; ga aysha monya glawdas teya sa.”                 Swa árso Uras adzelroy ton lo aceryo tirês scaya Rahias.  

È samyo Uras imov tiron so, kay huytu evrulir kay vecis ko. Niy naru calis insuiya si, swa ishu vecis diuliz tov lo   è blias siralir atyár ga ko: swa'y hexu drio tartelio sco swa sfetu driar ehaharius swa agatiru huytiya búbnaro.    

Casamyo Dria cetsin lurah lo                       'k misúmya rahroy badwar arnunon;                   swa tasco, “Tiryat men, e narya glad: ga vlatya galu 'f monon plistanon                 è pomdu amen egmov: cha selát,                     Ni gladen glawden bwanro Ayvathon; swa niy mektáfya agadriablus. Alyár abánris tiren driathon!”        

Athoron sèmbon tirin sfetu kay ek cyuribla, kay roybli arnunon, e tasco Elês, “Tya, lo zeri sha tor galnon nol, kay engov genulnon,   kay saru nelyov drio athelôs? È aru laya, voydhu froyanon.” Ca Uras, ga vivékto sreto lo, ga tas, “Bu amen enlus edhanon!”      

“Ek mawgi sha!” e taryo shuylon sco,             swa tiz côcharyo Uras, “Asi mo, ga Rahas aga himu sa, tya èn, trefúla tar nol ayvathon nwa so         swa cweri ta, ti èn isewa sa, miroybla sa, swa monyo egmar ko tsi onla royon royamawgranon swa seku amen ftetu adzelo.                      

Selát vex kay ek genulnon ta scoy ek bulya adzel himu noy: èn sa, ash kay aceru scoy, rwa harbu èn, swa chagu amen luya Drios fa.             Swa twari chio luya shta asi sa, kay hescuví sfiiya Driar sca, kay shtendi vewzis tay swa nelei. Niy twari eltá fteti Rahos fa.”      

E tasco Elês, “Èna sreta sa; visúnov èn lupòmdu 'men alyár.” È beldu kay tso sèmbin, a suna so, swa'y pelyahúlwu prôvilulis tar,           ti atra bulo vanyan Rahen sco. Ektesyanir tay Uren Eshentar lutréfu kay ekcapso Rahen fo, ga goga hovlin hewliz adzelar.          

Visúnov veldon gyarin pomdu kay ek banris vuyblir prôvilúlanir; swa bu kay gogo capso flason ko,                       swa'y meldu gladu gyaru feknalir.         Swa felwe fenwin Rahen ko atyár,                       ga bulnu vuyôs agnir sadhanir dra ash mot vektius, kay samyu nol ek saru adwir diulgenwalir.                            

Niylá lupòmdo ágabanras ha cha sfetyo icnon froyin adzelar ga tólka agnus harbon afi ga. Kay deftu veci drilulnir alyár           tsi banralir aványan Prôvilyen cha Ragnas, ga atólko banros tar, ga fwasyo glado taryo ráhroyon                           amétra ta ti shwenda banriar.            

Alyár abánris, cha eís anyár ga aysho Rahas edhanir nol lo chahúlwo ga caroyen malpien anélko swa aráho Uzar sco,               “Niy búbit bwuli hivu sefya noy! Swa ni ekcapsas vyacha mawga so; ek deftôm adzelcharnu bulôsáy! Niy sarex adzelo chanáliôs!”            

Ga shwendo ko cha ayshu royis lo, kay omru veldo fwasyir dhèlanir, swa siris rayi óra banranon, ta vlatyo benda hosen hovlanir           paroyan gogan capsen lófanon. Swa tas drilúlis sfeto hemanir “Ek ngawge froy, bu kay ni galis nol caroyôs Rahen icnon gyaralir!”            

Niy shwendu kay, ti seku, caliz ko, swa'y samu nol sfiiya driar mo, kay gyaru adri adru hosanon swa'y banranúis Ragnalúlus sco,     ga Fèmas aga Ragnar gliadnon. Pagládnon anwakaru thekti ko tsi povalir gogen driadiulin; rwa Uras swa sarlúlis oltá so.      

Kay diulon lugénwin haru ta, ti harbahúlwo noron veldanon, cha monyi hesyatsúi kay nol so shta úo pómbi genis sèmbanon.         Aceru elitsúnon vewzu lo, kay vewzis ralen kalon driulon; kay clèvi naru dhemzu vanyalir swa'y ftetu fo sarlúlus gyaranon.    

Monúa anfo Uras èn alyár swa shawyo súo tiro vewzo sco, ga onlan icyan gladen meldion; rwa ga izvésyo Uras glados ko,       swa gyaron kay anyár, swa glar atyár; cha tov asámyo Urov gladlays so, ga vektanir swa royin cwarin èn mot Rahen; feho ga chagósa fo.      

Cha hetlo aysho nelyen gara lo, swa gliad samyo vewzov glaribla, swa saryo Uras ta swa tasco, “Sha! ek nei, ti ek evrulinon sa!” Swa tar côchásco Sarlas, “Asi soy, ca nwari ivnon anwo, Uriat; sesyósoy nwanfi niyov enlinon.” Swa ecyo sadhvarósov elias.

Amtá kay sèmbiz cetsin Drien ko, swa tóval poviz ko tsi iliz tay. E Enês Etwanir nol tartebla, shta raryu etwis kulanon caláy, swa opyon semzo tira Dria so ek engatir cha culon tiriays. Swa byo ga onlo lesto shnaro nol swa dimu arnuu ek misatháy.

Ga tasco veclir ímov cetsien: “Hex adzelcélit, tirnu egmiar! Mizeri sfia scaya amen cèn ek tirnis aprov monyar Fortesmar?       Niy sèmbon narya enga nalias en sèmbon calov bliov; nwa ta tar. Cay Sarlat, tirat egmar agmanir, swa Urat galir vuyiz, nwesyiar!”

Ga tasco Sarlas, “Tira nelyar sha, sha cèar shethar soy swa nesyadmá!” Swa kay izvésyu vecis gladius, swa tasco Uras, “Tiryat ulta sa. Sha driya tira semzaví nol soy cyat nisyen men, ta celu Nalis fa; swa tirya vewle tiryat niy anát ca venrays nayan tiraveken sca.”

Ga tasco Dria, “Vekti sfia scay’ abúlya hivu nali adzelis, dra cèa lèru kay tor ivu nay’? Kay vyehu icnon engi aydhiis en monov plistov arnunir, kay ha, swa engi pelyis imir, sòrênis, swa aftaliri, agaveki, hwi swa afta ehu icnon sewsliis.

Tya èn, selát, ga Rahas omr ko swa sfetyo omr sretus ivir sco.” Swa tasco Uras, “Chio tasco omr ga cula sta; a tiradmá heth fo.” Rwa sfetyo sfeto Dria cetsion, “Ga bulya nelyo metri nesyio; shta afi adra metratira sha, swa voydhi ason genwanon efró!”

Swa hulwo Dria vózon galedmá, Acènu tartalu lugénwalir swa vewzis tay, kay diulon èn stu, kay eylu tartus edhielanir 'hu balyo iclir Rahas sunefró; swa ahi lemzu genis pòvanir swa apru pulti hihu engov lo. Kay haru froyon vecis hesyalir.

Niy cyuriécyo Uras; alyár ga ko swa samyo Drion gladen ili so, cha hèvyo Dria venros Uzar sco swa temzo tóval sèmbo galo lo; ga hacyo flaylon tira cetsion è èn ahèvyo Sarlas enlo sco swa myatyo ta lusèmbin huyto ko swa'y calshu genwi pòvis ómov fo.

Ga Uras beldalir è kay erèn, cha sto kay anfu èn lugenwanon; rwa vyehu kay palémzir pòvalir swa'y ktahu sfinon lemzon genwanon swa ulto tóval genwus cultanir swa tóval pòviz, samu ehwanon swa saru chagôs prôvilúlien. Ênúe chage noron sunanon.

Tya èn! Drilúlis prôvilulus so, swa ehu trefu ayno athelo swa tiryo Uras vewlon sunanon, swa Sarlas evruliz anát ga ko. Cha aydho Dria sto diulion sewzósa genanir, cha tirya sto ta banranuus; diul bednar ko swa pómbo 'l egmov semza cetson so.

[daribenetka]

This is amazing!

I’m bored in class #5

Back in school, back to my old antics. Today after one hour sitting in the front row, I thought of the Spanish word ‘rey’ and must have been thinking at the Latin original ‘regem’ at the same time because I wrote down GURYE.

Immediately I felt this would be a perfect word for ‘king’ in one of the classical languages of my Ambetau project (of which I talked a little about here). This project has been a lot on my mind lately, because I began drawing the map of the focus continent. Instead of working for my thesis. Nobody’s perfect.

But in my conworlding, the history of the Master People, the Suner (the ethnicity whose culture defined those of the entire continent for the millennia to come), does not begin with the classical languages and the establishment of the first Wizard kingdoms. It begins with a slave revolt against the Ubyrs, on the Lost Continent far in the south, with the flight of thousands through the jungle, with the founding of haven-cities by the shore, with the second flight on the northern sea when their masters found them again, biding them ruin.

So I tried to work backwards to get to Proto-Suner:

To gurye /gurje/ (t=0) I thought of gurðe at t=-1, implying a ð > j change before /e/. It was inspired by a similar change (if I’m not mistaken) for Siwa, the masterpiece conlang of Étienne L. Poisson (buy his book!). In other environments, it may have changed otherwise (we’ll get to it in a moment).

Then I thought of a d > ð /(V,R)_V where R is any sonorant (here /r/), that gives us gurde at -2.

Where does that /g/ come from anyway? It could have “always” been there, but I elected for it to arise from an old prenasalized consonant, thus ᵑgurde at -3…

… that in turn arose from a voiceless prenasalized obstruent, thus ᵑkurde at -4.

These voiceless prenasalized obstruents are comparatively rare. To explain this one, I thought of vowel deleting in certain environments such as before a nasal, and word-finally. At this stage, the aesthetics of the word appealed me enough that I “stopped the diachronic time-machine” and declared it a piece of Proto-Suner lexicon. It was ankurdi. The vowel at the end would have been deleted if not for the impossibility of certain CC codas; so it was just lowered to /e/.

How does this word break down? An- ha the right shape for an augmentative; -i looks great for the thematic vowel of the ‘human’ gender. As for the root kurd-itself I have currently no idea.

But this notion of gender/noun class drove me to associate the -i suffix (and any other gender suffixes to come) to number. Because it’s rare for a morpheme to only mark gender, I decided to change the suffix in the plural, to -il. Now it makes the evolution of this particular word look very interesting:

ankurdil > ᵑkurdiʎ > ᵑgurdij > gurdī > gurdin > gurðin > gurźin

The final /l/ palatalized next to /i/, then changed to /j/ and disappeared, lengthening the vowel. The appearance of a final -n is actually my misunderstanding of the phenomenon of nunation in Semitic languages: I thought it was the spontaneous birth of a nasal at the pause. Turns out that in real life, nunation is a purely morphological thing. Well, allow me to propose for my conlang the V[+long] > Vn /_#. It makes intuitive sense… sorta? Anyway, then the /i/ palatalized the /ð/ to give /j/… that immediately hardened to /ʑ/ ‘cause /ji/ is not a valable sequence. So the final paradigm for ‘king’ is:

GURYE sg – GURŹIN pl

I hope it might grow to become a full conlang some day.

Thoughts about the nunation?

[daribenetka]

me every day tbh