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PRIMROSES / PRIMULE

Meanwhile, the primroses are dawning on the ground, their light is growing stronger, spreading over the banks and under the bushes. (Tw, SG; p. 155)

     E intanto sulla terra cominciano ad albeggiare le primule, la loro luce si fa poco e poco più forte e si spande sui poggi, sotto i cespugli.

fonte: Franco Ghitti; DSC_0451.jpg

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VIOLETS / VIOLE

Between the olive roots the violets are out, large, white, grave violets, and less serious blue ones. (Tw, SG; Penguin, p. 155)

Fra le radici degli ulivi spuntano le violette, grandi, gravi, violette bianche, e meno serie violette azzurre.

fonte: Franco Ghitti, DSC_0442.jpg

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VILL DE PAOLI

Alla balconata, i signori De Paoli.

fonte: andrea arosio, Villa De Paoli.jpg

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VILLA

Villa De Paoli, Villa Igea, limonaie

fonte: andrea arosio, Villa De Paoli Villa Igea Limonaie.jpg

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VILLA 1910

fonte: andrea arosio, Villa 1910.jpg

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VILLA DE PAOLI E VILLA IGEA

fonte: andrea arosio, Villa De Paoli e Villa Igea.jpg

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VILLA IGEA

da una pianta della casa prima dei cambiamenti del 1970.

The corridors in the 1970 plans were there in 1912 as Lawrence refers to ‘the miles of corridor’ (Letters 1: 500). The end room with the two windows facing the Lake must have been Lawrence and Frieda’s bedroom, illuminated by the winter sun rising from behind Monte Baldo on the eastern shore.

fonte: disegno di rd, dalla pianta fornita da Massimo Giambarda; scan rd Villa igea.jpeg

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VILLA IGEA

cartolina; data: ***

fonte: andrea arosio, Villa igea pc.jpg

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DHL AND FRIEDA IN RIVA

RIVA ('still Austria, but as Italian as an ice-cream man')

Frieda and DHL took the train from Trento to Mori, then took the branch line (now closed) to Riva, arriving on Wednesday 4th September 1912. Leaving their knapsacks at the station, they went in search of accommodation and, in a street then on the edge of town, found the guesthouse Villa Leonardi in Viale Giovanni Prati. ‘We’re in such a grand room’, writes Lawrence,

Indeed, the Villa Leonardi is quite gorgeous and palatial. The figs they send up, fresh gathered out of the garden, are a dream of bliss. Grapes and peaches are ripe—there are miles of vineyards and olive woods. The lake is dark blue, purple, and clear as a jewel, with swarms of fishes. And the boats have lemon-coloured sails. It’s an adorable lake. (Letter, 17 September 1912)

It was a bit too expensive for them, and they saved money by discreetly cooking in their room using the small spirit-stove (which they called the ‘kitchenino’) that they had used in the walk across the Alps.

Riva at this time was still in the Austrian Empire:

Riva is still Austria, but as Italian as an ice-cream man [...] Of course the soldiers are Austrian. Austria is funny—So easy going. The officials are all Chocolate Soldiers. They let you walk through the Customs with a Good day. (Letter, 17 September 1912)

It was a tourist and health resort especially for Austrians and Germans. The Von Hartungen sanatorium was frequented by Franz Kafka and, in 1901, the brothers Heinrich and Thomas Mann. Thomas Mann returned the following year to work on Tonio Kröger, and Heinrich came again in 1904, when he worked on Professor Unrat while staying at the Villa Leonardi, where Lawrence stayed eight years later.

Lawrence was enthusiastic about his first experience of the European south:

‘It is quite beautiful, and perfectly Italian—about 5 miles from the frontier. The water of the lake is of the most beautiful dark blue colour you can imagine—purple in the shade, and emerald green where it washes over the white rocks. F[rieda] and I have got a beautiful room, but it is too dear [...] There are roses and oleanders and grapes in the garden. Everywhere the grapes are ripe—vineyards with great weight of black bunches hanging in the shadow. It is wonderful, and I love it [...] They are ringing the sunset bell. The fear of money frets me a bit, that’s all [...] The lake is wonderful to swim in, and the fruit is a dream of cheapness and niceness.’ (Letter, 7 September 1912)

DHL had rewritten the first 75 pages of Sons and Lovers in Icking at the end of July, before crossing the Alps. He took it up again almost immediately in Riva, and by 11th September he was ‘working like Hell’ at it and said ‘F. hates me for it, because it divides my attention’. On his last day in Riva, 17th September, he was still working a away at it: ‘I’m inwardly very proud of it, though I haven’t yet licked it into form—am still at that labour of love’.

Riva was too expensive and perhaps too much of an established tourist resort for Frieda and DHL. They tried to find somewhere to stay at Torbole nearby but were unsuccessful and were relieved to find somewhere suitable further down the lake.

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VILLA LEONARDI, RIVA

Villa Leonardi (now destroyed), Viale Giovanno Prati 8 (present-day 37/39), Riva del Garda, opposite Viale Pilati, looking north.

DHL and Freida stayed here 4-18 Septmber 1912.

fonte: rd scan dall'articolo di Colm Kerrigan (JDHLS 1.iii, p. 14), Riva.jpg

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MARIA CAPELLI

see also another image from andrea arosio

fonte: colm Kerrigan, Picture 012

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FAUSTINO MAGRO, 'IL DURO'

data: ***

Faustino Magri (1882-1974). In Villavetro, the Magri family are know by the nickname of ‘Düro’, so as head of the family Faustino was known as ‘el Düro’, which Lawrence has Italianized as ‘il Duro’. In other words, it wasn’t a personal nickname meaning ‘the hand man’.

The 'family nickname' is called a 'scotöm' and is a typical traditional cultural feature in the rural territories of Brescia and Bergamo. 

fonte: andrea arosio, Faustino Magri Duro.jpg

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MARIA E RICCARDO CAPELLI

acquerello di Tony Cyriax

‘But he doesn’t work. Look at him now. He has been two hours washing up those dishes. I could have done it all myself in twenty minutes. But Riccardo, can’t you hurry—your father is wanting you in the field’.

                  Riccardo turned back to his work, but did not hurry. He washed each plate with deliberation, rinsed and placed it on the side table to dry.

                  His mother, in a state of exasperation, had been calling him all the names she could think of.

                  He had merely turned his head round, saying in a most idiotic manner, ‘He-he!’

                  It was the last straw, and Rosina, furious, had slipped off her wooden-soled shoe and had given his shoulders some hard thuds with it.

                  Poor little Riccardo. Life was one succession of tasks done unwillingly. If it wasn’t his mother urging him on indoors it was his father calling outside. It was Riccardo here, Riccardo there, and Riccardo himself somewhere else, sublimely doing nothing. He never played or did things for his own amusement, he just loafed.’ (AIP, pp. 3-4)

fonte: AIP, davanti alla p. 4; scan da rd Maria e Riccardo.jpg

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RICCARDO CAPELLI

‘[Riccardo], the second son, [...] was his mother’s favourite [...] He was strong and full of animal life, but always aimless [...] He loved his mother with a fundamental, generous, undistinguishing love. Only he always forgot what he was going to do. [...] All day long his mother shouted and shrilled and scolded at him, or hit him angrily. He did not mind, he came up like a cork, warm and roguish and curiously appealing’. (Tw, SG; Penguin p. 158)

fonte: richard, Riccardo Capelli.jpg

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OSTERIE e SCAGNU'

'I wandered the other day into a lovely little inn in the mountains, where one sits perched high up in the chimney and pokes the sticks under the hanging pot, and eats most ghastly cheese' (Ltrs 1, p. 483) (? Cecina)

'I go to a place in Bogliaco sometime. It's a rum shop [non è proprio un posto elegante]. There's a great open fireplace, about level with your knees, for the guests of honour. So I sit on one with my feet near the fire. And raised up above the company I drink my Vermouth. And now and again the girl comes to blow up the fire with a great long blow-pipe of iron' (Ltrs 1, p. 508).

'The inns are the living room of the family — dogs, babies, boilng pots, villains, and great open chimneys in which one sits. The hearth is raised about 3 ft, so one sits in a high, high cahir — a chair on stilts — with one's feet near the ashes, and drinks moscato — Asti Spumante I think it's called — or muscadine — lovely white fizzy wine...' (Ltrs 1, p. 516) (Gardola)

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CAMINO RIALZATO E SCAGNU'

"scagnù"  (seggioloni) ai lati del camino rialzato

fonte: Franco Ghitti, Piazze2

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FAMIGLIA CAPELLI DI SAN GAUDENZIO

1.0 Paolo Capelli (1853-1932) = Maria (... - 1939)

i loro figli:

1.1 Savina Capelli

1.2 Giacomo Capelli (... - 1962); figli: 1.2.1 Mina, 1.2.2 Aldo, 1.2.3 Enrico

1.3 Riccardo Capelli (... - 1986) = Cati; figli: 1.3.1 Germana (... - 2011), 1.3.2 Franco, 1.3.3 Dori

1.4 Giuseppina Capelli (1907 - 1980)

fonte: Colm Kerrigan, DHLR 36.i

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I loro nomi in Tw e AIP

1.0 Paolo Capelli = Paolo Fiori (Tw), Bortolo Castelli (AIP); Maria Capelli = Maria Fiori (Tw); Rosina Castelli (AIP)

1.2 Giacomo Capelli = Giovanni (Tw), Paolino (AIP)

1.3 Riccardo Capelli = Marco (Tw), Riccardo (AIP)

1.4 Giuseppina Capelli = Felicina (Tw), Pina (AIP)

Tony Cyriax chiama San Gaudenzio 'San Lorenzo'.