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Monarchy

Abolished monarchies in Europe.

(by instagram/geomapas.gr)

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It's my 12 year anniversary on Tumblr 🥳

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Setting dlink kalau hilang

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50 best football shirts for France Football

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Pendidikan

Kata Nadiem Makarim Mematahkan Mitos NEM, IPK dan Rangking.

Ada 3 hal ternyata tidak terlalu berpengaruh terhadap *Kesuksesan* yaitu : 1. NEM 2. IPK 3. Rangking

Saya mengarungi Pendidikan selama 22 Tahun : - 6 Tahun SD - 6 Tahun SMP-SMA - 8 Tahun S1 (termasuk profesi) - 2 Tahun S2

Riset yang di lakukan oleh *Thomas J. Stanley* yang memetakan 100 faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kesuksesan seseorang berdasarkan survey terhadap 733 Millioner di US

Hasil penelitiannya ternyata nilai yang baik (yakni NEM, IPK dan  rangking) *hanya lah faktor sukses urutan ke-30*

*Sementara faktor IQ pada urutan ke-21*

*Dan bersekolah di Universitas/Sekolah Favorit di urutan ke-23.*

Jadi Saya ingin mengatakan secara sederhana : "Anak Anda Nilai Raportnya rendah *Tidak masalah"*

NEM Anak Anda tidak begitu besar? Paling banter akibatnya tidak bisa masuk Sekolah Favorit. *Menurut hasil Riset, tidak terlalu pengaruh terhadap kesuksesan*

*Lalu apa faktor yang menentukan kesuksesan Seseorang itu?*

Menurut *Riset Stanley berikut ini adalah 10 faktor* teratas yang akan mempengaruhi *KESUKSESAN* :

1. Kejujuran (Being honest with all People)

2. Disiplin keras (Being well-disciplined)

3. Mudah bergaul (Getting along with People)

4. Dukungan pendamping (Having a supportive spouse)

5. Kerja keras (Working harder than most people)

6. Kecintaan pada yang dikerjakan (Loving my career/business)

7. Kepemimpinan (Having strong Leadership qualities)

8. Kepribadian kompetitif (Having a very competitive spirit/Personality)

9. Hidup teratur (Being very well-Organized)

10. Kemampuan menjual Ide (Having an ability to sell my Ideas/Products)

Hampir kesemua faktor ini tidak terjangkau dengan NEM dan IPK.

Dalam Kurikulum semua ini kita kategorikan : *Softskill.*

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There are 4 types of drunks. Researchers who studied our drunk and sober selves found that we fall into 1 of 4 categories when drinking: the Hemingway, who has the same personality whether sober or drunk, the Mary Poppins, who goes from sweet and happy to even more outgoing and loving, the Nutty Professor, a quiet introvert who becomes an uninhibited attention-lover, or the Mr. Hyde, who suddenly turns hostile and irresponsible. Source Source 2 Source 3

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“how the book’s content influenced the behavior of people who shaped the western world”:

      The Bible (public library; free ebook), to learn that it’s easier to be told by others what to think and believe than it is to think for yourself      

The System of the World (public library; free ebook) by Isaac Newton, to learn that the universe is a knowable place        

On the Origin of Species (public library; free ebook) by Charles Darwin, to learn of our kinship with all other life on Earth        

Gulliver’s Travels (public library; free ebook) by Jonathan Swift, to learn, among other satirical lessons, that most of the time humans are Yahoos        

The Age of Reason (public library; free ebook) by Thomas Paine, to learn how the power of rational thought is the primary source of freedom in the world        

The Wealth of Nations (public library; free ebook) by Adam Smith, to learn that capitalism is an economy of greed, a force of nature unto itself        

The Art of War (public library; free ebook) by Sun Tzu, to learn that the act of killing fellow humans can be raised to an art        

The Prince (public library; free ebook) by Machiavelli, to learn that people not in power will do all they can to acquire it, and people in power will do all they can to keep it

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(Image caption: Mitochondrial DNA is the small circular chromosome found inside mitochondria. The mitochondria are organelles found in cells that are the sites of energy production. Credit: http://www.genome.gov/  (CC0))

Turning Back the Aging Clock

Researchers from Caltech and UCLA have developed a new approach to removing cellular damage that accumulates with age. The technique can potentially help slow or reverse an important cause of aging.

Led by Nikolay Kandul, senior postdoctoral scholar in biology and biological engineering in the laboratory of Professor of Biology Bruce Hay, the team developed a technique to remove mutated DNA from mitochondria, the small organelles that produce most of the chemical energy within a cell. A paper describing the research appears in the November 14 issue of Nature Communications.

There are hundreds to thousands of mitochondria per cell, each of which carries its own small circular DNA genome, called mtDNA, the products of which are required for energy production. Because mtDNA has limited repair abilities, normal and mutant versions of mtDNA are often found in the same cell, a condition known as heteroplasmy. Most people start off life with some level of heteroplasmy, and the levels of mutant mtDNA increase throughout life. When a critical threshold level of mutant mtDNA is passed, cells become nonfunctional or die.

The accumulation of mutant mtDNA over a lifetime is thought to contribute to aging and degenerative diseases of aging such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and sarcopenia—age-related muscle loss and frailty. Inherited defects in mtDNA are also linked to a number of conditions found in children, including autism.

“We know that increased rates of mtDNA mutation cause premature aging,” says Hay, Caltech professor of biology and biological engineering. “This, coupled with the fact that mutant mtDNA accumulates in key tissues such as neurons and muscle that lose function as we age, suggests that if we could reduce the amount of mutant mtDNA, we could slow or reverse important aspects of aging.”

The team—in collaboration with Ming Guo, the P. Gene and Elaine Smith Chair in Alzheimer’s Disease Research and professor of neurology and pharmacology at UCLA, and UCLA graduate student Ting Zhang—genetically engineered Drosophila, the common fruit fly, so that about 75 percent of the mtDNA in muscles required for flight, one of the most energy demanding tissues in the animal kingdom, underwent mutation in early adulthood. This model recapitulates aging in young animals. Drosophila grow quickly and most human disease genes have counterparts in the fly, making it an important model in which to study human disease-related processes. The researchers chose to focus on muscle because this tissue undergoes age-dependent decline in all animals, including humans, and it is easy to see the consequences of loss of function.

Unlike mutations in the DNA in the nucleus, which can be corrected through cellular repair mechanisms, mutations in mtDNA are often not repaired. However, cells can break down and remove dysfunctional mitochondria through a process called mitophagy, a form of cellular quality control. What was unclear prior to this work was whether this process could also promote the selective elimination of mutant mtDNA.

The team found that when they artificially increased the activity of genes that promote mitophagy, including that of several genes implicated in familial forms of Parkinson’s disease, the fraction of mutated mtDNA in the fly muscle cells was dramatically reduced. For example, overexpressing the gene parkin, which is known to specifically promote the removal of dysfunctional mitochondria and is mutated in familial forms of Parkinson’s disease, reduced the fraction of mutant mtDNA from 76 percent to 5 percent, while the overexpression of the gene Atg1 reduced the fraction to 4 percent.

“Such a decrease would completely eliminate any metabolic defects in these cells, essentially restoring them to a more youthful, energy-producing state,” notes Hay. “The experiments serve as a clear demonstration that the level of mutant mtDNA can be reduced in cells by gently tweaking normal cellular processes.”

“Now that we know mtDNA quality control exists and can be enhanced, our goal is to work with Dr. Guo’s lab to search for drugs that can achieve the same effects,” Hay adds. “Our goal is to create a future in which we can periodically undergo a cellular housecleaning to remove damaged mtDNA from the brain, muscle, and other tissues. This will help us maintain our intellectual abilities, mobility, and support healthy aging more generally.”

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History of viking set sail

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The first women’s team in the Middle East was from Aleppo, Syria, circa 1950’s.

Photo: Rabih Alameddine

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