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Alexander Hamilton

Alexander Hamilton was one of America's Founding Father's. Hamilton was born on January 11, 1757, and he died on July 12, 1804. Hamilton was born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis. His Scottish-born father, James A. Hamilton, was the fourth son of Alexander Hamilton, laird of Grange, Ayrshire. His mother, born Rachel Faucette, was half-British and half-French Huguenot. Orphaned as a child by his mother's death and his father's abandonment, Hamilton was taken in by an older cousin, his cousin committed suicide a year after taking in Hamilton, and later by a prosperous merchant family. He was recognized for his intelligence and talent, and sponsored by a group of wealthy local men to travel to New York City to pursue his education. Hamilton attended King's College (now Columbia University), choosing to stay in the Thirteen Colonies to seek his fortune. Discontinuing his studies before graduating when the college closed its doors during British occupation of the city, Hamilton played a major role in the American Revolutionary War. At the start of the war in 1775, he joined a militia company. In early 1776, he raised a provincial artillery company, to which he was appointed captain. He soon became the senior aide to General Washington, the American forces' commander-in-chief. Hamilton was dispatched by Washington on numerous missions to convey plans to his generals. After the war, Hamilton was elected as a representative to the Congress of the Confederation from New York. He resigned to practice law, and founded the Bank of New York. Hamilton was among those dissatisfied with the weak national government. He led the Annapolis Convention, which successfully influenced Congress to issue a call for the Philadelphia Convention in order to create a new constitution. He was an active participant at Philadelphia, and he helped achieve ratification by writing 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers which, to this day, are the single most important reference for Constitutional interpretation. Hamilton became the leading cabinet member in the new government under President Washington. He was a nationalist who emphasized strong central government and successfully argued that the implied powers of the Constitution provided the legal authority to fund the national debt, assume states' debts, and create the government-backed Bank of the United States. These programs were funded primarily by a tariff on imports, and later also by a highly controversial tax on whiskey. To overcome localism, Hamilton mobilized a nationwide network of friends of the government, especially bankers and businessmen, which became the Federalist Party. A major issue in the emergence of the American two-party system was the Jay Treaty, largely designed by Hamilton in 1794. It established friendly trade relations with Britain, to the chagrin of France and the supporters of the French Revolution. Hamilton played a central role in the Federalist party, which dominated national and state politics until it lost the election of 1800 to Jefferson's Democratic-Republican Party. In 1795, he returned to the practice of law in New York. He tried to control the policies of President Adams (1797–1801). In 1798–99, Hamilton called for mobilization against France after the XYZ Affair and became commander of a new army, which he readied for war. However, the Quasi-War was never officially declared and did not involve army action, though it was hard-fought at sea. In the end, President Adams found a diplomatic solution that avoided a war with France. Hamilton's opposition to Adams' re-election helped cause his defeat in the 1800 election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college in 1801, and Hamilton helped to defeat Burr, whom he found unprincipled, and to elect Jefferson despite philosophical differences. Hamilton continued his legal and business activities in New York City, and was active in ending the legality of the international slave trade. Vice President Burr ran for governor of New York State in 1804, and Hamilton crusaded against him as unworthy. Burr took offense and challenged him to a duel. Burr mortally wounded Hamilton, who died the next day. Sources https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton

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America Must Destroy ISIS

ISIS is a terrorist, Jihadi, organization founded in 1999. Their headquarters are in Raqqa, Syria, and they are lead by Abu Bakr al-Baghdad. Their founder was Abu Musab al-Zarqaw. ISIS recruits it’s members worldwide using social media like Facebook, Twitter, and etc. ISIS controls more land than many nations, and they are too extreme for Al-Qaeda. ISIS uses beheading as a branding tool and they also destroy human history. ISIS makes millions daily because the western allies help fund ISIS. Some people call ISIS the “Agents of the Apocalypse.” ISIS has a Caliphate that controls the world.

[1] How to Stop ISIS 1) Enlist defectors from ISIS to tell their stories.

2) Undercut ISIS propaganda.

3) Amplify the work of former jihadists like the Canadian Mubin Shaikh.

4) Support the works of Clerics.

5) Keep up pressure on social media companies to enforce their own terms of use to take down any ISIS material that encourages violence.

6) Keep up military campaign against ISIS.

7) Applaud the work that the Turks have already done.

8) Provide “off ramps” to young ISIS recruits with no history of violence.

9) Educate Muslim parents about seductive messages that ISIS is propagating online.

10) Relentlessly hammer home the message that ISIS positions itself as the defender of Muslims. Which is not true ISIS is not the defender of Muslims.

[2] The Major Power of the Middle East Al-Qaeda attacked the American Homeland on September 11, 2001. Al-Qaeda had somehow managed to become a major military power in the Middle East. Al-Qaeda had established a significant presence in Syria and conquered strategic territories and Iraq, and threatening to obliterate people and religious sensibilities it despised. “Caliphate” to rule over that territory, demanded fealty from all Muslims everywhere and established itself as an enemy of the United States.

ISIS & The Middle East First it isn’t Al-Qaeda that has forged itself into a military force that threatens to destabilize the Middle East and turn it into a hotbed of anti-western fervor. It is rather, an Al-Qaeda offshoot, the so-called Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), a far more dangerous threat. And second, the United States, far from the coiled and angry nation that emerged after 9/11, is enervated, tired of war and tired of the Middle East.

Al-Qaeda’s offshoot threatens to wipe out Kurdistan in the North. Then take Baghdad in the country’s crucial central region. The whole of Iraq could soon came under the control of this Islamist force. Countrymen are extremely skittish about another Middle Eastern War that unleashes seething anti-western passions and saps American blood and treasure. Significantly the situation on the ground notwithstanding the initial ISIS retreat from captured territory in response to the first three days of aerial strikes.

[3] America & the Middle East Iraq’s Saddam Hussein was not a threat to America before he was over thrown through U.S. force of arms and his country destroyed. Libya’s Muammar Qaddafi was not a threat to America before he was opened with U.S. help and his country also destroyed. Syria’s Bashar al-Assad was not a threat, and neither was Egypt’s Hosni Mubarak. Both came under withering U.S. condemnation when weakend by internal dissent and Civil War.

First, the president needs to level with the American people in a way that he has thus far avoided. He must identify islamist racialism as the country’s primary enemy and explain why and how it rise in the Middle East would pose a serious threat to the American Homeland far behind any threat ever posed by Al-Qaeda. It is about power and the need for America to use its power to prevent Islamist racialism from establishing a military and geopolitical presence in the Middle East. Second, you should clear the decks diplomatically, extricating the country from foreign controversies that lack strategic significance and serve to divert attention and resources from the immediate ISIS threat.

ISIS represents an ominous threat to the U.S. security if it is allowed to establish itself permanently as a state or quasistate in the heart of the Middle East. American foreign-policy folly of the past eleven years that has destabilized this crucial region and paved the way for this horrendous turn of events. Obviate the reality that those events now pose a serious threat to regional stability and the safety of the West and America. Seriousness of the threat calls for a cohesive and comprehensive U.S. foreign policy that takes into account the sacrifice that likely will be needed to address this crisis.

[4] America Needs to Step Up We need to lower our political goals confederation, with protection of minority rights may be a more appropriate standard for success. Regardless, we need to step up our game at helping not only Kurdish forces, but moderate Arab forces too. Certain types of retaliatory measures against Syrian government aircraft that bomb declared no-go zones may be appropriate as well.

[5] Libya With the unity government perhaps taking shape the West now needs to be prepared and intensified aid and training program for a Libyan government force that can gain the Strength needed to consolidate control, at least in ISIS occupied areas in the country’s Central Coastal regions.

Nigeria With President Muhammada Burhari making progress against corruption, it is time for an expanded American assistance program that may even, if Nigerians so request, involve deployment of small mentoring teams to field to help the Army in it’s fight against Book Haram.

Afghanistan President Trump should not make any reductions in U.S. troop levels for the rest of his presidency, and should allow U.S. commander considerable flexibility in how they employ airpower there against the Taliban.

The Home Front ISIS is in fact a three-headed monster-with it’s core in Iraq and Syria, it’s various provinces and affiliates around the broader region, and the global network that binds the pieces together.

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World War I

World War I, also known as the Great War, the War to End all Wars, and the First World War was fought between the Allied and Central powers. The Allied powers consisted of France, Great Britain, Russia, Serbia, Italy, Belgium, and the United States. The Central Powers consisted of Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire. World War I was fought in Europe between July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918. The spark that started the Great War was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Sophie. There was already a lot of tension between Serbia and Austria-Hungary. Once the Archduke was assassination these countries started to declare war on each other except for the United States which was neutral during most of the Great War. The German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico in the prior event of the United States entering World War I against Germany. Mexico would recover Texas, Arizona and New Mexico. The proposal was intercepted and decoded by British intelligence. Revelation of the contents enraged American public opinion, especially after the German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann publicly admitted the telegram was genuine on March 3, and helped generate support for the United States declaration of war on Germany in April. The decryption was described as the most significant intelligence triumph for Britain during World War I, and one of the earliest occasions on which a piece of signals intelligence influenced world events. This came to be known as the Zimmermann note or the Zimmermann telegram. The United States declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917, during World War I. The U.S. was an independent power and did not officially join the Allies. It closely cooperated with the Allies militarily but acted alone in diplomacy. The U.S. made its major contributions in terms of supplies, raw material and money, starting in 1917. American soldiers under General John Pershing, Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C) of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF), arrived in large numbers on the Western Front in the summer of 1918. When the United States entered World War I Russia left to fight in the Russian Revolution. The United States sent in their soliders to help stop the Bolsheviks from over throwing the Russian Government and implementing the Communist Government. The Revolution was lead by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolshevik Party. Adolf Hitler served as a messenger for the German Empire. He was almost killed two times during the Great War. The first time he almost died by mustard gas in the trenches. When his mustache made it difficult for him to put on his gas mask. This is why he cut his mustache into the famous toothbrush mustache. The second time Hitler was wounded in the fifth Battle of Ypres, and a British Solider encounters him and decides not to kill him. After the War Hitler saw a picture of the man in a newspaper and Hitler saved the picture. Winston Churchill served in the British Army as a officer during the Great War. In 1914 he lead a failed invasion of Gallipoli. After the failed attempt to have the central powers fight on two fronts. Churchill joined the British Army in 1915. Britain and France had suffered nearly a million casualties in the war’s first four months alone, and the deadly stalemate in the trenches increasingly frustrated Britain’s 40-year-old First Lord of the Admiralty who asked the prime minister, “Are there not other alternatives than sending our armies to chew barbed wire in Flanders?” That rising star of British politics, Winston Churchill, believed he had the solution for breaking the impasse—a second front By the end of autumn 1918, the alliance of the Central Powers was unraveling in its war effort against the better supplied and coordinated Allied powers. Facing exhausted resources on the battlefield, turmoil on the home front and the surrender of its weaker allies, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire, Germany was finally forced to seek an armistice with the Allies in the early days of November 1918. On November 7, the German chancellor, Prince Max von Baden, sent delegates to Compiegne, France, to negotiate the agreement; it was signed at 5:10 a.m. on the morning of November 11. World War I officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919. Negotiated among the Allied powers with little participation by Germany, its 15 parts and 440 articles reassigned German boundaries and assigned liability for reparations. After strict enforcement for five years, the French assented to the modification of important provisions. Germany agreed to pay reparations under the Dawes Plan and the Young Plan, but those plans were cancelled in 1932, and Hitler’s rise to power and subsequent actions rendered moot the remaining terms of the treaty. Sources: http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/treaty-of-versailles http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/world-war-i-ends-2 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimmermann_Telegram http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-28593256 http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/british-soldier-allegedly-spares-the-life-of-an-injured-adolf-hitler https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_in_World_War_I https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Revolution https://www.google.com/amp/amp.history.com/news/winston-churchills-world-war-disaster