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30 साल की उम्र के बाद प्रेगनेंसी के लिया कैसे स्वस्थ रहेना चाहिए
कई महिलाएं गर्भावस्था में देरी करती हैं इसका कारण करियर और स्टडी हो सकता है । इसके लिए वह 30 साल बाद गर्भनिरोधक गोलीया शुरू कर देती हैं।
आज की High Tech लाइफस्टाइल के कारण कई महिलाओं को प्रेग्नंसी से शुरू होने वाली कई समस्याओं का ��ामना करना पड़ता है।
कई महिलाएं हैं जो पीसीओएस, एंडोमेट्रियोसिस फाइब्रॉएड या डिम्बग्रंथि या डिम्बग्रंथि अल्सर जैसी समस्याओं से जूझ रही हैं।
लेकिन आप 30 साल बाद मां बनने के बारे में सोच रही हैं, तो अभी से तैयारी शुरू कर दें।
गर्भनिरोधक / जन्म नियंत्रण की गोलियां न खाएं
जन्म नियंत्रण की गोली के बजाय, अपने चिकित्सक से पूछें और हार्मोन को संतुलित करने के लिए उचित दवाएं लें।
अपने आहार और लाइफ़स्टाइल में बदलाव के साथ अपने हार्मोनल असंतुलन को ठीक करने का प्रयास करें।
घर मैनीक्योर करवाएं
कई सौंदर्य और घरेलू उत्पाद केमिकल फ्री होते है ।
कुछ केमिकल उत्पाद ऐसे हैं जिनके इस्तेमाल से आपको प्रेग्नंसी के दौरान शरीर की प्रणाली पर बुरा प्रभाव पड़ सकता है।
अपनी त्वचा के लिए अधिक से अधिक प्राकृतिक या घरेलू उत्पादों का उपयोग करें।
दवाओं या नशे से दूर रहें
यदि आप शराब और अन्य दवाओं का धूम्रपान या सेवन करते हैं, तो इसे आज से ही रोक दें क्योंकि इसमें हानिकारक तत्व प्रजनन क्षमता को प्रभावित करते हैं।
तनाव कम करना सीखें
यदि एक स्वस्थ गर्भावस्था चाहती है , तो तनाव से पीछे हटें क्योंकि यह पूरे सिस्टम को प्रभावित करता है।
तनाव को प्रभावित करने के तरीके खोजें, और इस प्रकार एक बार जब आप गर्भ धारण करने में तयार होते हैं, तो आपको कम समस्याएं होंगी।
योग और ध्यान आपको तनाव कम करने में मदद करेंगे।
उसी तरह, आप अपनी पसंद की किसी भी गतिविधि जैसे फोटोग्राफी, लेखन, यात्रा में भाग लेंगे।
स्वस्थ और अच्छा खाएं
अपने आहार में प्रजनन क्षमता बढ़ाने वाली चीजों को शामिल करना शुरू करें।
मोनोअनसैचुरेटेड वसा और ताजे-मौसमी फल और सब्जियां जैसे सूरजमुखी के बीज या सूरजमुखी के बीज और एवोकाडो का सेवन करें।
ओव्यूलेशन और पीरियड्स जैसे महत्वपूर्ण कार्यों के लिए आपके शरीर के लिए माइक्रोन्यूट्रिएंट्स का शोषित करना भी महत्वपूर्ण है।
अपने कूप चरण में क्विनोआ खाएं, ओव्यूलेशन के दौरान हरी सब्जी का रस, पीरियड्स से पहले शकरकंद और पीरियड्स के दौरान एवोकाडो खाना चाहिए।
शारीरिक रूप से स्वस्थ रहें
देर से मां बनने वाली महिलाओं के लिए नियमित व्यायाम बेहद जरूरी हो जाता है।
शारीरिक रूप से फिट रहने के लिए व्यायाम बहुत जरूरी है, यह शारीरिक और मानसिक रूप से मजबूत बनाने में मदद करता है।
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Indemnity insurance
What does indemnity insurance mean?
Indemnity insurance is a contractual arrangement in which one party guarantees compensation for actual or potential loss or damage suffered by the other party. It is generally an insurance policy designed to protect professionals and business owners when certain incidents are encountered, such as misjudgments. They usually take the form of a guarantee.
Typical examples of indemnity insurance include professional insurance policies, such as medical accident insurance and fault and omission insurance. These special insurance policies compensate or offset claims made by professionals when conducting business.
What is indemnity example?
Compensation is the act of protection or non-liability for damage, loss or damage, and the transfer of responsibility to another party (for example, an insurance company). The terms are commonly used interchangeably.
Generally, compensation is a contractual agreement that includes compensation for cash payments, replacements, repairs, or reinstallations.
In the legal sense, compensation is the same as compensation or reparation.
What is the purpose of an indemnity?
In the compensation clause, one party agrees to defend the other party and pay all costs of the lawsuit (if the lawsuit is prosecuted by a third party for a specific reason), and agrees to compensate the loss and judgment caused by the lawsuit. The compensation clause transfers the risks of "third parties" from one party to another. In fact, the indemnifying party acts as an insurer.
These examples give a conceptual idea ... so let me give you one:
Suppose you hire a contractor to carry out construction work in your house, and during this work, the contractor injured the UPS driver and damaged your vehicle. UPS drivers (third parties) may not only file lawsuits against contractors but also against your company that caused harm. In addition, assuming that the case is being heard, and it is determined that your company does not bear any responsibility, the contractor should also be 100% responsible. Your company will spend a lot of money defending itself in litigation.
Only if the contract between your company and the contractor contains a compensation clause, your company has the right to ask the contractor to compensate for all the money it has made for self-defense.
In other words, when a third party requests damage or damage, each party to the contract is independent, unless the contract contains an INDEMNIFICATION clause that transfers the "third party" requirement from one party to another.
What is the difference between insurance and indemnity?
Compensation and insurance can prevent financial losses and are designed to restore the party to the financial state prior to the incident. However, it is important that contract managers understand the major differences between the two to help protect their business.
Compensation
Compensation is used in commercial contracts to distribute risk among contracting parties, usually changing customary law or the legal rights of the parties, and one party accepts some or all of the risk of loss that the other party may suffer. Certain circumstances.
There are six common types of compensation clauses:
1. Overdraft: Organize compensation providers for all liabilities or losses related to specific events without specific restrictions
2. Limited compensation: In addition to the losses suffered by the supplier ’s actions, the organization will compensate for the supplier ’s losses.
3. Reverse compensation: Organize compensation for losses suffered by suppliers due to their own actions.
4. Partial/partial compensation: the organization and the supplier compensate each other for losses caused by the compensating party for breach of contract
5. Third-party compensation: The organization compensates the third-party claims of suppliers
6. Financial compensation: If the third party fails to fulfill the financial obligations with the supplier, the organization will compensate the supplier for the losses suffered
Insurance
People are usually more familiar with the concept of insurance. The insurance policy transfers risk from one party to the other in exchange for payment. Protect the insured from any loss caused by the insured's risk. Commercial insurance usually focuses on assets, income, liabilities and people, and many of its products are designed to meet the needs of specific industries.
If you accept the indemnity clause, it is best to study whether you can provide insurance for the risks that the clause may cover.
In any case, keep in mind that risk transfer will always carry a price tag.
At a glance
Compensation and insurance prevent financial losses.
Compensation is used to distribute risk among Contracting Parties and usually changes customary law or the legal rights of the parties.
Insurance policy transfers risk from one party to another in exchange for payment.
[Indemnity] Indemnity Guide | meaning | example | purpose | difference between insurance and indemnity
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How to Gain Weight in a Healthy way
[Gain Weight] How to Gain Weight in a Healthy way
Although thinness can often be healthy, being underweight can lead to malnutrition if you are pregnant or have other health problems. So if you are underweight, ask your doctor or dietitian for an evaluation. Together, they can plan how to reach their target's weight.
Here are some healthy ways to gain weight when you're not:
Eat more often. When you are underweight, you can feel faster. Eat five to six smaller meals a day, not two or three large meals.
Choose foods that are rich in nutrients. In a healthy diet, choose whole wheat bread, pasta, and grains; fruits and vegetables; dairy products; lean protein sources; Nuts and seeds.
Try cocktails and cocktails. Don't fill your diet with soda, coffee, and other low-calorie, low-nutrient drinks. Drink healthy smoothies or shakes made of milk and fresh or frozen fruit, and sprinkle with a little ground flaxseed. In some cases, it may be advisable to switch to liquid foods.
Watch when you drink. Some people find that drinking liquids suppress appetite before meals. In this case, it may be best to drink high-calorie drinks with food or a snack. Others may drink 30 minutes after a meal instead of.
Perform a calculation for each bite. Eat nuts, peanut butter, cheese, dried fruit, and avocados. Eat a snack before bed, such as peanut butter and jam sandwich or a sandwich wrapped with avocado, chopped vegetables, and lean meat or cheese.
Cut. Add additional dishes to your meals for more calories, such as beaten eggs and cheesecakes and skim milk in soups and stews.
Treat occasionally. Even when you are underweight, be aware of excess sugar and fat. Occasionally a piece of cake with ice cream is appropriate. However, most meals should be healthy and nutrient-free. Bran muffins, yogurt, and granola bars are good options.
Exercise. Exercise, especially strength training, can help you gain weight by strengthening your muscles. Exercise can also stimulate your appetite.
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7 Facts About Bakhar Nabieva That Will Blow Your Mind
She is a fitness and health expert, bodybuilder and model, who has increased to reputation in recent years, thanks a lot to her fabulous body, for which she earned the nickname ‘Miss Iron Bum’.
She’s well-known for her fantastic figure and incredible legs which took years of hard work, dedication, and dieting.
Women bodybuilders not as famous as the male bodybuilders, but a small number of females have raised eyebrows, including Bakhar Nabieva.
She has a huge fan base on social media, particularly Instagram, and is looking to expands her career.
Bakhar Nabieva workout
Bakhar Nabieva - Age, Childhood, and Education
Bakhar Nabieva was born in Baku, Azerbaijan on the 8th of April 1994 and is of Ukrainian ancestry.
She does not expose information about her childhood, including the names and vocations of her close relatives, nor if she has any siblings or not.
When it comes to her schooling, all are familiar with that she has complete high school. Hopefully, Bakhar changes her mind and starts sharing her early life information.
Bakhar Nabieva Career Beginnings
During her high school years, Nabieva Bakhar became fascinated in the gym and began attending one almost every day.
She would regularly upload photos and record her gym sessions and post online.
Which turned out to be a good practice as she started to achieve popularity on social media platforms.
She was getting new followers on Instagram, and in no time, she touched 100,000, which increased with every single new post.
Bakhar Nabieva Instagram
Bakhar Nabieva Instagram fame Rise to Prominence
Nabieva Bakhar’s body started to change, and she turns into more responsive for fitness.
She starts learning about particular exercises and new fitness schedules practically daily, which brought success and becoming one of the most prominent female fitness models.
She now has over 2.9 million followers on her official Instagram page and has collaborated with numerous famous brands, like DragonPharma.
She has featured out in multiple magazines and journals, including the Daily Star.
She conducted a discussion about her life before becoming a health and fitness model.
These have only further increased her reputation, popularity, and wealth.
Bakhar Nabieva starts YouTube Career.
Encouraged by her success and popularity on Instagram, Bakhar Nabieva decided to start her YouTube channel, on which she present day has over 23,600 subscribers.
She has uploaded videos of fitness and health from the gym.
Bakhar Nabieva showing her fitness and lifestyle routines available to people around the world and has also shared details from her personal life.
Her videos have watched more than 1.3 million times, which has also contributed to her wealth.
Bakhar Nabieva fitness model
Net Worth of Bakhar Nabieva
According to sources, Bakhar Nabieva’s net worth is as high as $260,000.
Her wealth will become higher in the future years, assuming that she effectively continues her career.
Personal Life, Dating and Boyfriend of Bakhar Nabieva
What do you recognize about Bakhar’s personal life, most significantly her love life?
We have found out that Bakhar is presently single and concentrated on her growing career.
Due to her looks, some have questioned if this girl is a transgender person, but the answer is no.
She uses steroids which change her hormones a bit mixed, but she was born female and stays female. Many favor her as quite beautiful.
Bakhar Nabieva becomes Internet Fame.
She has used social media platforms like Instagram, Facebook, etc. to promote her, and there is no stopping her.
Her official Instagram page has over 2.9 million followers, with whom she has shared over 1056 pictures and videos.
So, what are you waiting for – bounce over to her official page and become her follower?
Bakhar is also fairly active on Twitter, on which she has nearly 24,000 followers and uploaded pictures from the gym regularly.
You can find Bakhar on Facebook which she has over 16,000 fans, and has satisfied them with stunning photographs and videos.
Bakhar Nabieva - Height, Weight, and Body Measurements
Bakhar Nabieva “Miss Iron Bum” height stands at 5ft 2ins, which is equal to 1.59m,
Her weight varies from 110lbs to 121lbs or 50kg to 55kg.
And Size is 35-23-36 inches, and she has dark brown hair and dark brown eyes.
Her transformation from a skinny teenager at school. Who suffered from mistreatment, has gone on to becomes a motivation for thousands of people everywhere.
With an already strong followers fan base online, she continues and to grow her followers into the thousands and millions.
“Miss Iron Bum” and her acknowledgement for weight working out exposed no signs of put an end to anytime soon.
Bakhar Nabieva is a weightlifting inspiration of strength and aesthetics.
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Nutrition, Training and Bikini Competitor Bakhar Nabieva
Bakhar Nabieva has no upcoming plans to compete professionally, even though, and she has competed in bikini fitness groups.
She feels to compete, the diets are too stringent with little energy foods such as carbohydrates, and the physical activity is intense in carb exhausted states
Nutrition
Not like an enormous fan of dieting, Bakhar’s diet is different, and she likes to eat eggs, meat, and cakes. She will consume this food to fuel her aerobics effectively.
Eating about the exercises with higher calories benefits her to avoid her from any unwanted fat storage. This way, she makes sure she has muscular exercises with excellent results.
Training
Bakhar’s exercise is laborious but too simple; she focuses on the muscle-building she likes the most (her glutes and quads).
The essential exercises she will practice are squats, leg press, and leg extension. With a lot of segregation for the hamstrings, which has given her the legs she’s always preferred.
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5 Things To Know About Eva Andressa.
From slim teens to global fitness icons, Eva Andressa paid the price due for a fitness trip. The unique photo of Eva Andressa caused great admiration.
Eva Andressa seeks to sculpt one of the greatest fitness in the fitness industry, which has inspired millions of people to achieve their goals.
"We can all fulfill our dreams, no matter how likely they may be."
Through fitness, Eva Andress has created a successful career as a fitness model, professional bikini athlete, and an online sensation.
Eva is one of the most popular fitness models in the world. The healthy girl attracted many followers in all of her social media accounts.
Natural name - Eva Andresa Vieira Nascimento
Nickname - Eva
Age-Eva Andressa is 35 years old according to her birth date, 19 December 1984.
Height - 5 feet 5 inches or 165 cm
Inner Weight 135-145 lbs (61.2 - 65.8 kg)
Bust // Waist // Hip-40 inches-109 cm // 27 inches-69 cm // 44 inches-121 cm
The birthplace - Curitiba, Brazil
Nationality - Brazil
Profession - professional bikini athlete, fitness model
Achievement
Spring
2005 Brazil, Rufo Bravo Cup champion, photo 1 Brazil, 2006, number one
2006 Brazil, Parana, People, First Place
IFBB-
2008 Brazil, bodybuilding, first place 2009 Peru, South American champion, bodybuilding, third place
2009 Brazil's national champion, bodybuilding
Biography of Eva Andressa
1. Start a fitness journey of Eva Andressa
Eva Andressa was born and raised in Curitiba, Brazil, and she is a very skinny girl.
Eva feels insecure about her fitness, and this increased insecurity as teenagers arrived.
The slim shape of Eva Andressa made her look much smaller than embarrassing her.
I started exercising to gain muscle and develop a thicker body.
2. Eva before her turn
Andressa got off to a tough start on the 17-year-old fitness journey. In addition to basic fitness knowledge, she does not have a fitness trainer.
For Eva, training was very difficult, and she left the gym in the first month. Eva Andressa still wants to sculpt her dream.
3. Eva Andressa Meeting with the husband
Eva Andressa met her future husband, Jardin Barros after she left for fitness.
Lovebirds are dating soon. Jardin Barros happens athletically, giving Eva the motivation and training needed to change his body.
4. Fitness competition
First contest: After a year of continuous training, Eva Andressa is formed.
Because of her quick turnaround, Eva decided to start playing as an athlete. She is passionate about her fitness career prospects.
Eva Andressa believes she has the right genetics to develop unique fitness.
In 2005, Eva participated in her first competition, the NABBA Lobo Bravo Cup in Brazil under the guidance of her husband. Eva Andressa became the heroine of the character.
Eva's first match with the husband and coach
At the age of only 21, she became famous in the fitness industry. But Eva Andressa just started.
5. More games / competition
Eva Andressa worked hard after the first game. She continued to work hard in the gym and improved her body in the following months.
Because of her ambitious nature, Eva Andressa has now begun to invade the people. She participated in the 2006 NABBA Parana Championship in Brazil.
Eva added more accolades to the trophy cabinet and ranked first in the competition.
Eva Andressa became the champion of the national figure.
In 2007, she worked hard and decided to take a short break in the game.
Eva Andressa spent a year participating in fitness shows, but she was still very active in the gym.
IFBB Champion
At the age of 24, Eva Andressa started the game again after a well-deserved break. Eva has been physically and mentally rehabilitated and is now focused on winning bigger fitness offers.
She participated in the IFBB fitness competition held in Brazil in 2008. Eva Andressa performed well and copied her previous achievements, ranking first in the high-level show.
She participated in more competitions and became the general champion of the 2009 IFBB Competition. Eva Andressa ranked third in the IFBB South America Championship.
Eva Andressa Fitness model
She realized her dream when she was twenty-five years old. Despite her little income, she has invaded many fitness shows.
Eva Andressa continued her fitness journey and found her financial support as a fitness model.
She has accumulated a suitable fan base and connections and thus has succeeded in becoming a fitness model. Eva Andressa soon became a symbol in the fitness industry, especially in Brazil, as a synonym for nutrition companies.
TV and Magazine Features
Soon the media noticed Eva Andressa and appeared on the famous Brazilian TV show, Programa Joe.
The show made Eva a household name in Brazil and caused a sensation on the Internet. Eva Andressa remains committed to reaching a new level in the fitness industry.
In the following years, she appeared in many international magazines. This earned her the much-needed global recognition.
Eva Andressa (Eva Andressa) has become a symbol in the global fitness industry, with powerful and enviable social media.
Create her own TV show
Since 2014 Eva Andressa has strived to inspire thousands of people around the world to achieve fitness goals through motivation letters, training, and nutritional advice.
Dica Fitness was launched in 2015 to attract more people and spread its knowledge. On her TV show, Eva interviewed famous athletes and talked about their fitness journey.
Training and exercise Eva Andressa
Eva does not have a specific exercise plan. Its course depends mainly on how you feel on a particular day.
Eva Andressa always completes 4 sets at a time. She failed to train and had no specific actors.
On the days that I participated, Andressa trained twice a day, without rest days. Mainly involved in aerobic exercises, and she exercises at least 40 minutes each time.
Eva Andressa now trains only 3 times a week. Interestingly, Eva stopped working on her chest, biceps, and triceps head when she started modeling. The fitness model parts are its ideal size.
Eva Andressa Nutrition and diet Plan
During the competition, Eva Andressa strictly adheres to diet to ensure good health. Even if she stops the game, she will still be monitoring her diet.
The goal of Eva Andressa is to maintain about 12% of body fat. During Christmas, Eva only takes part in cheat days twice a year.
Eva Andressa's diet plan revolves around lean protein, fresh fruits, and vegetables.
Eva consumed carbohydrates until 6 pm when she turned to protein and vegetables.
Eva Andressa regularly takes nutritional supplements and is preferred by glutamine and whey protein. She firmly believes that the diet plan should be based on the diet that increases your body.
From a healthy start for teens to the beginning of IFBB athletes and fitness models, Eva overcame all kinds of difficulties during the trip. Eva Andressa insists on giving 100% of her dedication during her fitness journey.
Eva Andressa is a Brazilian fitness model with 5.2 million followers on Instagram, and her latest update is heating up social media platforms.
In the photo, the dark-haired beauty appears in the pool, swaying her thin bikini, showing her cleavage and silhouette to her.
She matched the look with a pair of retro glasses and kept her hair in a low ponytail and put corn strands in front.
As the investigation committee mentioned, Eva recently attracted attention at the expense of another fitness model. In a photo taken with Azerbaijani bombs, steam Nabieva, both of whom showed his net legs as if carved in marble.
Since its launch, this image has received nearly 130,000 likes, in the comments fans have admired their impressive body.
According to Iron Iron, Eva is not well known and known in the world of bodybuilding/fitness models.
When I started training at the age of 17, I quit for a month. However, the article explains that this is not due to a lack of motivation, but because it does not have a coach or sufficient knowledge of sports.
However, when she met the future and mathematical husband, Jardel Barros, destiny interfered. They started training together and gave her guidance to help her build her body and self-confidence.
She continued to participate in the first 21-year-old bodybuilding show and won the cup.
As Iron Iron said, Eva participated in a competition called Body Fitness and won multiple championships, which strengthened her position in the Brazilian domestic and foreign competition circles.
Since then, she has shifted her focus from competition to modeling and entertainment. In 2009, she obtained an endorsement agreement from a sports nutrition company.
A year later, she was recruited into a popular TV program in Brazil, which made her famous. Later, she aired her TV show Dica Fitness on TV.
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Credit - Jen Selter
[Jen Selter] Learn Jen Selter Diet plan Jen selter workout Is So Effective
Jen Selter is famous as a fitness model and as a consultant best known for attracting notable media attention for her huge buttocks. Jen appeared in publications like Vanity Fair, Elle, FHM, Maxim, and Muscle & Fitness.
Jen Selter Diet Plan Complete and Jen Selter workout
Jen Selter believes that eating healthy is as important as exercising to have a fit body. She does not follow any fixed diet plan! instead, eat everything in moderate amounts. Jen Selter's diet includes:
Breakfast is Jen's most important meal and her day begins with egg whites and toast or oatmeal with fresh juice.
For lunch, prefer a large bowl of salad with lots of vegetables
The protein bar is your snack whenever you are hungry
Your dinner consists of grilled chicken with vegetables or pasta.
She loves to enjoy sushi
For desserts, it has a dark chocolate bar.
Stays away from excess processed foods and eats every few hours to keep your metabolism going.
Credit - Jen Selter
Jen Selter diet tips
The slim female waist, compared to the rest of the body, looks very attractive. Proof of this are the hourglass figures of many movie stars of bygone eras.
Although the natural waist volume is primarily determined by genetics, it is still possible to achieve a decrease in waste volume. It can be done by losing weight, specific exercises and the proper selection of clothing.
Step 1: change the diet
1. Be prepared to dramatically change your diet.
To get a slim waist, you need to lose weight, which is not achieved by exercise alone.
You will have to follow the rules of healthy eating and cut down on your daily calorie intake if you really want to see results. It requires discipline and commitment.
In addition to an overall reduction in calorie intake, there are special foods to help you reach your goals.
Keep in mind that if you want to lose a pound of weight, you must cut 3,500 calories from your diet.
Nutritionists recommend losing a pound to a kilogram of weight per week, starvation and debilitating diets are not recommended for quick results.
Credit - Jen Selter
2. Start the day with a healthy breakfast.
The best thing you can do to lose weight is to start the day with a balanced and healthy breakfast.
A good breakfast begins the digestive processes that burn calories throughout the day.
It also gives you a feeling of satiety for a long time, reducing the tendency for morning and mid-day snacks, respectively, and preventing excessive calorie intake.
Here is the advice:
Try a combination of whole grains and bread, eat eggs and fruits rich in protein, they are full of vitamins, these are the ingredients of a well-balanced breakfast.
If you're in a hurry, make yourself a fruit cocktail and grab a bar - it's convenient and nutritious at the same time.
You should also drink a glass of pure water before breakfast (as well as before every meal during the day), the water will not allow mixing thirst with hunger and will not allow you to eat more than you should.
In addition, water helps saturate the body with a liquid, it is important in any case.
3. Eat smaller portions, but more often.
Quite often, dieters starve in-between meal intervals, ultimately causing them to eat more than they need to when the food is in front of them.
The main secret to successful diets is to eat more frequently throughout the day but in smaller portions.
You will not feel hungry.
If you eat small meals often, this leads to an overall decrease in food intake. It also stimulates metabolism, which triggers digestive processes that burn calories throughout the day.
Try to eat six times a day little by little, than to eat in the usual way three times a day.
You can easily follow long-term weight loss plans, unless, of course, you don't eat everything!
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4. Eat healthy fats
Many followers of dietary nutrition believe that fat should be feared like fire during weight loss.
However, consuming a certain amount of healthy fats is necessary for proper nutrition and can even help you lose weight.
A diet that contains a high content of monounsaturated fats (avocados, nuts, seeds, soy, chocolate) does not allow fat to accumulate in the abdominal area. As a result, 25% to 30% of your daily fat intake should consist of these products.
Polyunsaturated fats, like the Omega-3 fatty acids found in mackerel, salmon, herring, walnuts, rapeseed oil, and tofu, are other types of healthy fats that should be added to your diet. They help reduce bad cholesterol and improve brain function.
Trans fats, on the other hand (they are in margarine, biscuit, cookies, in everything that is made from partially hydrogenated oils) cause more fat to be stored in the body, so it is worth avoiding those fats if possible.
5. Add more fiber to your diet
Foods rich in pictures are a necessary ingredient for any healthy diet for many reasons:
First, fiber foods improve bowel function, minimize bloating, and constipation.
Secondly, these products allow you to feel saturated for a longer time, in addition, they must chew more carefully, all this avoids overeating. Foods rich in fiber are generally low in calories, unlike other types of food.
Try to incorporate a wide range of fiber-rich foods into your diet, you will benefit from both soluble and insoluble fiber.
Examples of soluble fiber: oats and barley, peas and beans, apples, carrots, citrus. Examples of insoluble fiber include wheat bran and wholemeal flour products, nuts, legumes, and green vegetables.
Soluble fibers, in particular, are also known for their ability to reduce the level of insulin in the blood, which accelerates the burning of subcutaneous fat in the abdominal area.
Pure water is the best alternative, it cleanses the body, reduces fermentation and nourishes it with vital moisture.
If good old water is too boring for you, try adding mint, lemon, lime or even a handful of frozen raspberry berries to it - create wonderful combinations - create combinations! Vitamin water or naturally flavored iced tea will become a much healthier alternative to soft drinks.
Do not use tubes for drinking. You should avoid them, they lead to the fact that you suck more air into the stomach while drinking, this leads to fermentation and an increase in the abdomen. Drink directly from the cup.
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6. Avoid processed foods
Even if you carefully monitor the portions you eat and exercise constantly, constant use of processed foods can greatly influence the weight loss process.
This is due to the fact that in such products, high levels of sugar and starch, which limit weight loss and lead to the accumulation of harmful toxins.
Take special care when it comes to products labeled "fat-free", such as cheese, bread, yogurt, etc. These products may contain almost no fat, but they generally contain a lot of sugar and simple carbohydrates, and do not have, or have very low nutritional properties.
Some frozen and processed natural foods may not be bad at all; You should carefully study the labels and content of these products.
You should also avoid processed foods, as they contain a lot of salt, for example, as prepared or frozen foods.
Salt retains water in the body and leads to fermentation. Simply, if possible, choose fresh rather than frozen for a long time.
Step 2. Customize the training mode Jen selter workout
1. Get used to regular workouts
If you really want to reduce the volume of your waist, you must commit to exercising regularly and selflessly. Good results will only come through hard work and dedication, so be prepared for this before beginning your journey.
On the other hand, if you start training on a too-tight schedule, you can be discouraged and disappointed because this will make you give up on this adventure.
To overcome this:
Create a training plan for yourself, starting with basic loads, before gradually doing more intense exercises. Keep a record of what you are doing in a notebook, or keep a training journal to record your progress.
At a certain point, you will be able to train regularly, without getting bored in training and not getting as tired as you were at first. And your waist, just like general health, will benefit from it.
2. Do a lot of cardiovascular exercises
As mentioned earlier, weight loss is necessary when it comes to removing inches from your waist. Unfortunately, it is impossible to remove weight from a certain part of your body, so the only way out is general weight loss.
Pacemaker exercises are the best way to burn calories, a necessary part of any weight loss program.
Running, skipping rope, and cycling are great cardiovascular options - they don't even need a gym membership.
Inexpensive and at the same time incredibly effective ways, there can be no excuses for not including them in your training program.
You should try 30 minutes of cardiovascular loading four to five times a week for best results.
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3. Work for the appropriate major muscle groups
Many exercises in the central muscles concentrate the load on the oblique abdominal muscles, which are held to the sides, and although the study of these muscles will make your stomach flat and prominent.
It will also build a muscular corset, and externally it will appear that the waist is even wider than before.
This is definitely not what you want, looking for a narrow waist. Working through the main muscles, focus on the rectus abdominis and the transverse abdominal muscles.
Your transverse abdominal muscles function as a corset for your body, so by making efforts in this area, you will be able to achieve a slim waist.
Pilates provides the necessary load in this area and can be a very effective method for you.
Remember to breathe while exercising your main muscles. And although this seems obvious, many people forget it, concentrating on the tension of the abdominal muscles, leaving their bodies in tension without oxygen.
Instead, inhale and exhale, up and down, and so on. If you can't find your rhythm, try yoga or pilates, they will help you.
4. Perform special exercises on the waist.
And even if you can't lose weight on your waist alone, you will definitely be able to do a special series of exercises that will bring relief and make the sides flat.
Do the "hundred" exercise. Here's how: You are lying on your back, legs raised 90 degrees, shoulder blades on the floor. Begin the exercise, moving your arms straight across the body, repeat 100 times. Inhale five repetitions through the nose, exhale another 5 repetitions through the mouth.
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Draw on your belly. Try to pull on your stomach all the time, during the day, sitting at the table, in the car, or while shopping in the store. Work the abdominal muscles, and externally you look slimmer. Over time, you will stop noticing that you are doing this!
Does the torso rise? Try lifting your torso with a sturdy object, like a yoga ball or the sidewall of a sofa. It is best to move the press this way, with your arms crossed over your chest. If you keep your hands in front of you, you put less pressure on your neck and this makes your task easier (reduces the work on the abdominal muscles). Do five climb approaches, thirty reps each.
Make turns. You are lying on your back, your legs are bent at the knees, your feet are exactly on the floor. Put your hands behind your head, touch your ears, and slowly stretch your abdominal muscles, lifting your body. When you are at the point where you can no longer rise, connect your lateral muscles, and turn slightly to the left. Return the casing to the prone position. Repeat on the right side. Perform a set of 10 repetitions.
Make a bridge Take a position to do push-ups. Rest your elbows on the floor and look at the floor at all times. Retract your abdominal muscles as much as possible, imagine sticking to your back. When doing this exercise, your lower body should be on the floor and your back should be straight. Try to stay in this position for a minute.
Make horizontal longitudinal stops. Lie on your right side on the mat. Press the floor with your right hand and straighten your legs, your right foot to the left. In this position, slowly lift your pelvis off the floor. Continue to hold the bodyweight on your right arm and feet. Try to stay in this position for 10-15 seconds. Repeat 5 times on each side.
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5. Build your chest and shoulder muscles
By emphasizing the upper body, it visually reduces your waist, so it is worth including exercises to exercise your chest and shoulder muscles in your training program.
Special exercises include:
Bend your arms on the bench
This exercise is training your arms and shoulders, you need a seat or seat to do this. You should sit on the edge of the seat, with your legs in front of you.
Hold the seat edge securely with your hands and slowly lower the sink to the floor.
Keep your body level low until your elbows angle is 90 degrees. Then return to the starting position and repeat the process again.
Lizards technique
This is a classic chest workout. This can be done by balancing the toes (the hard copy) or on the knees (the simple copy).
All you have to do is break up the shoulder width of your hands and wake up from the prone position, using the strength of the hand in the first place.
Lower again until the angle at the elbow reaches 90 degrees. Return to the starting position and repeat.
6. Try something new
Exercise can bother you over time, resulting in a loss of focus on the outcome.
This is why it is so important to change things from time to time, and to search for something new: be it a new exercise or a new stock.
Here are some tips on how to diversify your exercises, while helping you remove inches from your waist:
Use the hula hoop. A 10-minute daily Hula-Hoop twist will definitely benefit your waist and buttocks, plus it will return you to your childhood for 10 minutes!
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Another way to have a great view of the waist (as well as the entire body) is to dance! You don't need to take lessons at a dance school, but turn on the radio or listen to your player 20-30 minutes a day and actively go to the beat of the music.
Be sure to include the whole body in the dance. Dancing burns a lot of calories and you will feel wonderful, plus it's fun!
Take advantage of weights. Build a corset neck and shoulder muscles by lifting the weights to the sides to weigh them. Lift 10 times, 4 groups per day. The wider the shoulders and upper body in general, the longer your waist.
Consider starting a yoga or pilates class. These are excellent exercises for your abdominal muscles and you'll also be part of group exercises, which can be very stimulating.
Make your exercises comfortable: You must have soft floor mats, comfortable clothing to breathe, water, and other things to help you enjoy the exercises. It can stimulate background music as well.
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Step 3: Dress properly
Wear a waist belt. Draw attention to it, put it on a belt, and it will emphasize your waist. The belt can be wide, narrow, embellished with stones, and braided! Wear them over dresses, elongated tops, or even winter clothes to give the silhouette of the hourglass
Wear dresses that fit down. These dresses sit tightly at the hips, but extend from the bottom to the edge, creating the illusion of a slim waist. Fit almost any shape, focusing on the waist and hiding all flaws in the hips.
Avoid low-waist jeans. These jeans are not suitable for those who have at least a little extra weight on both sides because they create "flabby side effects". High waisted jeans are more fit, covering all the extra weight around the hips and drawing attention to the waist. These jeans are a very tight shirt.
Try wearing a corset. It was used under dresses to show off a character many years ago, and today it is gaining popularity again to give an exciting silhouette, either under clothing or alone. Steel knitting corsets (not as scary as they seem, we promise!) They really work, shrink your gaze from your waist, and can shrink physically as long as you wear them for a while!
Tips
If you have problems with swelling, consult a doctor. Puffiness can be caused by food intolerance or allergies (grains, dairy products, citrus, etc.), water retention, chemical imbalances, or disease.
If this happens regularly, it is necessary to consult a specialist. As far as food is concerned, then try to notice which products start to swell, and this will help your doctor determine the possible cause.
Too much protein, vitamins, and minerals are also required, it is best not only in supplements and tablets but in type.
The incredible myth that "lifting weights makes muscles big and bulky." By not intentionally trying to increase the mass, you are not increasing it.
Warnings
The waist like a barbie doll is impossible to dissect, do not look at it. At a height of about 170 cm, you will have a waste of about 50 cm! Be realistic and fight for the right waist for you.
If you do not look like an hourglass for genetic reasons, do not worry and work on the body that nature has given you.
Before starting exercises or new types of training, consult your doctor.
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Jen Selter Diet plan for muscle Building Tips
For many of us, a group of muscles can conjure up countless hours in the gym, but the diet doesn't come to mind.
Your body needs calories and nutrition to support muscle mass growth and adapt to different types of activity.
Before making drastic lifestyle changes, you can check with your doctor, personal trainer, and dietician.
1. Eat enough protein
The rule says you need to consume protein in grams more than your body weight by 1-1.5 times.
For example, if your weight is 75 kg, you should eat 150 to 225 grams of protein daily if you want to build muscle gradually.
Bodybuilders can eat two to three of their body mass in grams of protein, sometimes more, but for most of us, this will be unnecessary.
If you are overweight, replace your ideal body weight and count in grams. Muscle-building proteins include:
Red meat: beef, pork, lamb, venison, etc.
Fish: tuna, salmon, swordfish, perch, trout, mackerel, etc.
Birds - chicken breasts, turkey, ducks, etc.
Eggs, especially egg whites. Egg yolk contains a lot of cholesterol, but one or two a day is not harmful to health.
Dairy products: milk, cheese, cheese, yogurt, etc.
2. Learn the difference between complete and incomplete proteins.
To build muscle, you should consume the high-quality protein found in eggs, meat, fish, cheese, milk, and most other animal products.
The Golden Rule: If you are bleeding or breathing, it is a complete protein. There is a mass of high-quality non-animal proteins, and this means that you can still build muscle while you are vegetarian. Whole plant proteins include:
soybean
Quinoa
black wheat
Chia
Hemp
Beans or beans with rice
3. Eat foods rich in PDCAAS (a protein that is digestible amino acid protein)
This is an indication of how well the protein absorbs different proteins, based on the solubility of amino acids in protein.
Think of PDCAAS as a protein quality rating, where 1 is the highest and 0 is the lowest.
4. Include carbohydrates in your diet
Carbohydrates are important for your body to use glycogen stores (energy) in your muscles during vibrators.
If you don't consume the right amount of carbohydrates, your body won't get enough energy and it will begin to expand your muscles!
Your diet should consist of about 40% - 60% carbohydrates or approximately 1500 calories a day.
Carbohydrates have received an unfairly bad reputation due to the different diets. Since complex carbohydrates slowly degrade and have a low glycemic index (not as large as sugar), it is okay to eat after exercise, especially in the morning for breakfast.
Try to choose healthy, low-sugar carbohydrates that release your energy more slowly. Good examples:
Basmati brown rice
Quinoa
oatmeal
sweet potato
Whole wheat bread
Whole wheat pasta
5. Eat healthy fats
Not all fats are the same. In fact, there is a reason to think healthy fats are really good for you.
You should get 20% to 35% of calories from fat. Eat monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats. They are "good" fats and include:
Olive oils, peanuts, sunflower, rapeseed and avocado seeds
Fish
Nut
Flax and pumpkin seeds
6. Avoid saturated and trans fats
These fats are "bad." Ensure that saturated fats do not represent more than 10% of the calories you consume and that trans fats do not represent more than 1%. Bad fats include:
Ice cream, sweets, and packaged snacks.
The meat is rich in fat
Lard, margarine and processed vegetable fats
Fried food
7. Consumes large amounts of fiber.
Remember, it is important to include green vegetables in your meals, such as spinach or broccoli, to make sure you get enough vitamins.
In addition, green leafy vegetables are rich in fiber, which is important for removing waste products from the body.
8. Monitor the amount of salt you eat
It is possible that excessive intake of salt can cause high blood pressure, but when you sweat, you lose a lot of sodium.
Also, sodium (electrolyte) helps muscles contract, which is why they are found in many sports drinks. Soy products such as tofu or soy milk.
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How To Lose Weight Fast: Best 26 Weight Loss Tips That Are Evidence-Based
In this article Queries Solved: how to lose weight fast at home in a week, how to lose weight fast naturally at home, how to lose weight fast at home in a week without exercise and diet, how to lose weight fast quick and easy, how to lose weight fast at home in a month
The weight loss industry is full of mythologies. People are regularly advised to do all kinds of stupid things, most of which have no evidence behind them. On the other hand, over the years, experts have found several strategies that seem to be effective. At this time
How To Lose Weight Fast: Best 26 weight loss tips are truly evidence-based -
How To Lose Weight Fast
1. Drink Water, Especially Before Meals
It is often appealed that drinking water able to help with weight loss — and that’s true.
Drinking water can increase the metabolic rate by 24–30% for 1–1.5 hours, helping you burn off a few extra calories
One study has shown that drinking a half-liter of water about half an hour before mealtime helped dieters eat fewer calories and lose 44% extra weight, compared to those who didn’t drink the water.
2. Eat Eggs For Breakfast
Eating entire eggs can have all kinds of benefits, including helping you lose weight.
Studies show that replacing a grain-based breakfast with eggs able to benefit you eat fewer calories for the following 36 hours as well as lose extra weight and body fat.
If you don’t eat eggs, that's acceptable. Any source of quality protein for breakfast had better do the trick.
3. Drink Coffee (If possible Black)
Coffee has been unfairly demonized. Quality coffee is loaded with antioxidants to have numerous health benefits.
Studies show that caffeine in coffee can boost metabolic rate by 3–11% and increase fat burning by up and around to 10–29%.
Just make sure not to add a lot of sugar or additional high-calorie ingredients to your coffee. That will negate any benefits.
4. Drink Green Tea
Similar to coffee, green tea also has lots of benefits, one of them being weight loss.
However green tea contains small quantities of caffeine, it is full of powerful antioxidants called catechins, which are supposed to work synergistically with caffeine to increase fat burning.
Even though the evidence is diversified, a lot of studies show that green tea (either as a beverage or a green tea extract supplement) can benefit you to lose weight.
5. Try Intermittent Fasting
Intermittent fasting is a common eating pattern in which persons sequence between periods of fasting and eating.
Short-term studies advise intermittent fasting is as effective for weight loss through continuous calorie restriction.
Besides, it may decrease the loss of muscle mass usually related to low-calorie diets. On the other hand, higher-quality studies are required before any stronger statements can be made.
6. Takings a Glucomannan Supplement
A fiber termed glucomannan has been related to weight loss in numerous studies.
This kind of fiber absorbs water and be seated in your gut for a while, making you feel extra filled and helping you eat fewer calories.
Studies show that persons who supplement with glucomannan lose a bit extra weight than persons who don't.
7. Cut Back on Added Sugar
Added sugar is one of the worst ingredients in the present diet. Most persons consume way too much.
Studies confirm that sugar (and high-fructose corn syrup) consumption is strongly related to an increased risk of obesity, as well as situations containing type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
If you want to lose weight, cut back on extra sugar. Just make assured to read labels, because of even so-called health foods able to be loaded with sugar.
8. Eat Less Refined Carbs
Refined simple carbohydrates contain sugar and grains that have been stripped of their fibrous, nutritive parts. These consist of white bread and pasta.
Studies show that refined carbs can spike blood sugar quickly, leading to hunger, cravings and increased food consumption a few hours later. Eating refined carbs is intensely linked to obesity.
9. Go on a Low-Carb Diet
If you want to get all the benefits of carb limitation, then study going all the way and committing to a low-carb diet.
Various studies show that such a regimen can help you lose 2–3 times as much weight as an ordinary low-fat diet while also improving your health.
10. Use Smaller Plates
Using smaller dishes has been shown to help some people habitually eat fewer calories.
On the other hand, the plate-size effect doesn’t seem to affect everyone. Those who are overweight seem to be more affected.
11. Exercise Portion Control or Count Calories
Portion control — merely eating less — or counting calories able to be useful, for evident reasons.
Some studies show that keeping a food diary or taking photographs of your meals can support you to lose weight.
Everything that increases your awareness of what you are eating is likely to be useful.
12. Keep Healthy Food Around in Case You Get Hungry
Keeping healthy food nearby can help stop you from eating something unhealthy if you become extremely hungry.
Snacks that are simply portable and simple to make which contain whole fruits, yogurt, nuts, baby carrots, and hard-boiled eggs.
13. Take Probiotic Supplements
Taking probiotic supplements having microorganisms of the Lactobacillus subfamily has been shown to decrease fat mass.
However, the same doesn’t relate to all Lactobacillus species. Some studies have interrelated L. acidophilus with weight gain.
14. Eat Spicy Foods
Chili peppers have capsaicin, a spicy compound that can improve metabolism and reduce your appetite to some extent.
On the other hand, people may develop tolerance to the effects of capsaicin over time, which may limit its long-term success.
15. Do Aerobic Exercise
Doing aerobic workout (cardio) is an outstanding way to burn calories and develop your physical and mental health.
It looks to be mainly effective for losing belly fat, the unhealthy fat that is likely to build up around your organs and cause metabolic disease.
16. Lift Weights
One of the worst side effects of fasting is that it tends to cause muscle damage and metabolic slowdown often denoted to as starvation mode.
The best way to avoid this is to do some kind of resistance workout such as lifting weights. Studies show that weight lifting can help to preserve your metabolism high and avoid you from losing precious muscle mass.
Of course, it's significant not just to lose fat, you also want to build muscle. Resistance workout is critical for a toned body.
17. Eat More Fiber
Fiber is often suggested for weight loss.
Although the evidence is mixed, studies show that fiber (particularly viscous fiber) can increase satiety and support you control your weight over a long period.
18. Eat More Vegetables and Fruits
Vegetables and fruits have numerous properties that make them effective for weight loss.
They cover a few calories but a lot of fiber. They are high water content provides them low energy concentration, making them very filling.
Studies show that persons who eat root vegetables and fruits tend to weigh loss.
These foodstuffs are also very beneficial, so eating them is essential for your health.
19. Get Good Sleep
Sleep is extremely unrecognized but maybe just as essential as eating healthy and exercising.
Studies show that poor sleep is one of the strongest risks aspects of obesity, as it’s related to an 89% increased risk of obesity in teenagers and 55% in adults.
20. Beat Your Food Habit
The latest study found that 19.9% of persons in North America and Europe achieve the criteria for food habits.
If you understanding uncontrollable cravings and can't look to control your eating no matter how hard you try, you may suffer from addiction.
In this situation, seek professional help. Trying to lose weight without first contend with food addiction is next to impossible.
21. Eat More Protein
Protein is the single most main nutrient for losing weight.
Eating a high-protein diet has been shown to boost the metabolic rate by 80–100 calories per day while shaving 441 calories per day off your diet.
One study also indicated that eating 25% of your daily calories as protein reduced obsessive feelings about food by 60% while cutting aspiration for late-night snacking in half.
Just adding protein to your diet is one of the best and most effective methods to lose weight.
22. Supplement With Whey Protein
If you struggle to get sufficient protein in your diet, taking a supplement such as protein powder can help.
One study indicated that interchanging some of your calories with whey protein can cause weight loss of around 8 pounds over a period while increasing muscle mass.
23. Don't Do Sugary Essences, As well as Soda and Fruit Juice
Sugar is bad, but sugar in fluid form is even worse. Studies indicate that calories from liquid sugar can be the single most high in calories aspect of the modern diet.
For example, one study showed that sugar-sweetened drinks are related to a 60% increased risk of obesity in youngsters for each daily serving.
Keep in mind that this spread over to fruit juice as well, which contains a comparable amount of sugar as a soft drink like Coke.
Eat the entire fruit, but avoid fruit juice completely.
24. Eat Whole, Single-Ingredient Foods (Real Food)
If you want to be a leaner, healthier person, then one of the greatest things you can do for yourself is to eat entire, single-ingredient nutrients.
These foods are naturally filling, and it's very hard to gain weight if the majority of your diet is based on them.
25. Don't Diet — Eat Healthy Instead
One of the major problems with diets is that they often work in the long term.
If anything, people who diet tend to gain extra weight over time and studies show that dieting is a dependable predictor of upcoming weight gain.
As a substitute of going on a diet, a goal to become a healthier, happier and fitter person. Focus on nourishing your body instead of depriving it.
26. Chew More Slowly
Your mind may take a while to list that you've had sufficient to eat. Some studies show that eating more slowly can support you to eat fewer calories and increase the production of hormones related to weight loss.
Also, consider chewing your foodstuff more systematically. Studies show that increased chewing may decrease calorie consumption at a meal.
These carry out are a component of attentive eating, which aims to help you slow down your food consumption and pay attention to each bite.
Many techniques can aid your weight loss goals. Some of the above tips are purely nutritional, involving eating more protein or reduction on added sugar. Others such as improving sleep quality or additional workout routines are more lifestyle-based. For example, chewing more slowly is a unique step you can take to institute attentive eating. If you implement a few of these pieces of advice, you'll be well on your way to your weight-loss aims.
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Top 10 Most Important Rivers in the World
Rivers have all the time remained essential for human life and settlement. A source for drinking water, the source of food, to fertilization process of soils and a method to transfer goods from one place to another place.
Rivers serving as a habitat for fishes as well as other creatures. They play an important role in the atmosphere of rainforest and wetlands. Here is the list of Top 10 the most important rivers in the world.
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10. Sepik River
The longest river on the land area of New Guinea is the Sepik River.
The river starts from the Victor Emanuel Range in the central mountains of Papua New Guinea. In a snakelike manner, just similar to the Amazon River, the Sepik runs to the Bismarck Sea.
Unlike in many other huge rivers, the Sepik takes no delta, but it runs straight to the ocean.
The entire length of the river is 1,126 kilometers or 700miles.
It is as well considered one of the last surviving unobstructed habitations in the world.
9. Mississippi River
Mississippi River is measured as the largest or biggest river system in North America and the US.
It has around 2,320 miles (3,730 km) length. The river starts at Lake Itasca and drains under New Orleans (Gulf of Mexico).
The popular steamboats opened trade on the Mississippi in the 1820s.
Wood, food, and cotton were carried down the river. Subsequently, the coming of the railways in the 1880s, steamboats step by step reduced although they remained until the 1920s. A few steamboats, like Delta Queen, have continued as icons.
8. Volga River
Europe considers Volga stream as their longest river while Russia considers it the most essential river in their state.
Out of the 20 major capitals of Russia, 11 of them, as well as Russia’s capital, Moscow, are situated in the drainage basin of Volga.
It starts at an elevation of only 225 meters (740 feet) in the Valday Hills northwest of Moscow then exits 3,645 km further (2,266 miles) into the Caspian Sea.
The Volga River is essential to Russia while it comes to its domestic freight and transportation, even though the river interruptions for 3 months every single year.
7. Zambezi River
Zambezi River is the 4th longest river in Africa, with a length of 3,540 km.
The river starts in a black wetland in north-western Zambia then runs through Angola, along with Botswana borders, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Botswana borders, Namibia and Zambia again, to Mozambique, where it drains into the Indian Ocean.
Victoria falls remain the Zambezi’s great feature. Victoria Falls is on the list of Top 10 most amazing waterfalls in the world.
The river is home to many kinds of mysterious animals.
Hippopotamuses are abundant in the quiet variety of the river, and numerous species of crocodiles be able to as well be seen.
The Zambezi also holds many hundred diversities of fish containing some that are absolutely enormous.
For example, bull sharks are seen in the far inland and are supposed to be responsible for lots of attacks on humans.
6. Mekong River
The 12th longest river in the world is the Mekong River with a distance measuring around 4,350 km. This river runs from the Tibetan Plateau, through China’s Yunnan region, Burma, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and Cambodia.
For the reason, that of its extreme seasonal variations in movement and the existence of rapids and waterfalls, the river is tough to navigate.
One of the richest regions of biodiversity on the earth which is simply exceeded by the Amazon be situated in the Mekong Basin.
Multiple diversities of sea animals have become threatened including the Mekong Dolphin and manatee ever since the construction of the first dam along the river.
5. Ganges River
The Ganges starts in the western Himalayas in India then flows into the Sunderbans delta in the Bay of Bengal.
The river was renowned as a holy river by Hindus and praised as Hinduism’s goddess Ganga. It’s also been important traditionally: lots of former rural or royal cities have been establishing on the banks.
Situated on the banks of Ganges, the Varanasi is recognized by some to be the sacred town in Hinduism.
Hindus have their beliefs that the lifecycle is not complete without taking a bath in the river at least once. Ashes of their loved ones are also spread all the way through the river.
Ganges River was declared India’s National River for the reason that of its significance to all Hindus.
4. Danube River
Europe’s most significant river is the Danube River. It’s also the region’s next longest river after the Volga.
The river is considered as one and only of the long-standing boundaries limitation of the Roman Empire and nowadays makes a part of the edges of ten European nations.
It starts in Germany’s black forest and flows eastwards for a distance of about 2850 km, journey over 4 centers, before draining into the Black Sea.
Afterward the attainment of the German Rhine-Main-Danube Canal in 1992, the river was included in a trans-European watercourse after the black sea up to the Rotterdam in the North Sea.
3. Yangtze River
Yangtze River is one of the most well-known and 3rd longest rivers on the earth. It is also China’s longest river.
It measured around 6300 km long. Yangtze River starts in an iceberg on the eastern division of the Tibetan plateau.
It spreads over the outstanding Yangtze Gorges, which are mentioned of their original beauty, and goes into the East China Sea.
Three Gorges Dam, one of the barriers to the river, is the biggest hydro-electric energy station in the world.
The river is one of the planet’s active rivers. Traffic involves commercial traffic distributing the majority of goods such as coal as well as made goods and commuters.
2. Nile River
The longest river on the planet is the Nile River, spreading north for 6,650 km beginning East Africa to the Mediterranean.
The Nile River is consisting of two main tributaries, the Blue Nile as well as White Nile.
The Blue Nile starts at Lake Tana in Ethiopia however the White Nile Starts in the Great Lakes region of central Africa.
The river produced a critical role in the evolution of Egyptian culture.
Residues from the Nile make the land fertile for the reason that the river runoffs its edge annually and the Egyptians were capable of produced crops and wheat.
The ancient Egyptians considered the Nile River as an important part of their spiritual life.
The god called Hapy was the praise of the yearly floods, he and the emperor have measured the ones controlling the overflowing of the Nile.
1. Amazon River
At around 6,400 km, the Amazon River is the 2nd largest river on the planet, rather smaller than the Nile even though genuine sources item as to the specific length of the two rivers.
What is accurate is that the Amazon is the longest river on the earth by volume, with an entire river existing that values for about 1/5 of the world’s freshwater river flow.
The Amazon and its tributaries run over Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, Peru, Brazil, and Ecuador before draining toward the Atlantic Ocean.
Amazon has more than 3,000 recognized diversities of fish, and new varieties are still under research. Through the Orinoco River, it is one of the most important regions of the Amazon River Dolphin, the widest diversities of river dolphin, which can stretch to lengths up to 2.6 meters or 8.5 feet.
The bull shark has been recorded 4,000 km up the Amazon River by the side of Peru’s Iquitos.
Notorious Piranha is an extra deadly fish in the Amazon which gathers in large schools, however, only a small number of varieties are recognized to strike humans.
Top 10 Most Important Rivers in the World
After reading this article and watching this video about Top 10 important rivers in the world you get the idea and specific information about Rivers and its Importance.
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Is the coronavirus disease the same as SARS?
➤ Not at all coronavirus disease the same as SARS. The virus that causes COVID-19 in addition to the one that affected the occurrence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003 are associated with each other genetically, but the infections they cause are quite different.
Is the coronavirus disease the same as SARS?
➤ Using present primary statistics, the average time from inception to clinical recovery for slight cases is around 2 weeks and is 3-6 weeks for patients with severe or dangerous diseases.
➤ The new corona-virus is a respirational virus which spreading generally through droplets made when an ill person sneezes or coughs, or over drops of saliva or discharge from the nose. To safeguard yourself, clean your hands repeatedly by an alcohol-based hand clean or wash-down them with soap and water.
➤ Persons of all ages be able to disease by the new coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Adult people and people with pre-existing medical conditions (such as asthma, diabetes) look to be more vulnerable to becoming harshly ill with the virus.
➤ WHO gives advice persons of all ages to take steps to safeguard themselves from the virus, for example by following good hand sanitization and good respiratory hygiene.
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Finally, You get the answer by this article :
Is the coronavirus disease the same as SARS?
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What is the use of Google Analytics?
➤ Google Analytics is one of the most famous digital analytics software. It is Google's free web analytics service that enables yourself to analyze in-depth detail regarding the visitors on your website. It gives important insights that can assist you to develop the successful strategy of your business. ➤ Google Analytics enables you to trace various significant metrics, including all aspects. You can observe the effectiveness of your online marketing strategies, onsite content, user involvement, and device functionality.
What is the use of Google Analytics?
➤ Google Analytics provides you the data required to improve your website and make it the most beneficial it can be. ➤ Google Analytics is a free website analytics service given by Google that provides you insights into how users find and utilize your website. With Google Analytics, you can trace ROI for your online marketing. You can examine & distribute your visitors with dozens of dimensions. ➤ Google Analytics is a free tool that you can use to track data regarding the means visitors to your site associate with it. It's especially essential to optimize your marketplace, resulting in a 400% year-over-year revenue increase for your businesses.
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Which country is the largest in the world?
➤ The largest country in the world is Russia with an entire area of 17,098,242 Km² (6,601,665 mi²) as well as a land-living area of 16,376,870 Km² (6,323,142 mi²), corresponding to 11% of the entire world's landmass of 148,940,000 Km² (57,510,000 square miles).
➤ Russia is the world's largest country by land area, Covering a spread of over 6.6 million square miles, beating out runner-up Canada by about 2.8 million square miles. It contains nine different time zones and shares land boundaries with 14 adjacent states.
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Which is the no 1 country in the world
➤ Switzerland is the no 1 country in the world. For the quarter year in a row, Switzerland is considered the No. 1 Grade A-State. The country, famous for its past of impartiality, positions No. 7 in citizenship and No. 2 in presence open for business.
Which is the no 1 country in the world
➤ Switzerland claims some of the world's greatest well-known discoveries – they produced Velcro, cellophane, Helvetica font, LSD, muesli, the Swiss Army Knife, absinthe, the potato peeler, edible chocolate gold, and milk chocolate to name a few.
➤ Switzerland recorded high with regard to political and economic strength, clearness and equivalence. Switzerland was also placed second greatest in the world for leading business and was considered the second-most responsible state.
➤ Switzerland occupies the crossroads of Romance and Germanic Europe, as redirected in its four leading linguistic and cultural areas: German, French, Italian and Romansh.
➤ In Switzerland, different steps have been taken to bound the growth in atmospheric temperature to less than 2°C. The concentration is on reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases, one of the key causes of global warming. ... Decreasing greenhouse gas emissions particularly in the transportation area.
➤ Switzerland is luxurious because, as others have written, Swiss Franc is enormously overrated. If the exchange ratio of Euro to Franc would be 1:2, Switzerland would be still expensive, but not so disgracefully. If it would be 1:3, rates and payments in Switzerland would start to make sense.
➤ Switzerland is safe to travel alone. In fact, it's truly safe. There may be pickpockets in visitor areas, but this place positions low for violent crime. It's Nature you'll have to deal with.
➤ Life in general in Switzerland is IMO, better than the U.S., and here's why: Advanced standard of existing: Swiss cities, houses, and food are all top excellence. Crime is very low, so you'd feel pretty safe roaming nearby in the mid of night all alone.
➤ Switzerland: Wealth per Adult: $539,657
➤ While the country contains only about 0.1% of the world's population, it accounts for exactly 2.3% of the top 1% of worldwide wealth. That creates the Swiss 11 times richer than the ordinary world citizen.
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Top 10 eCommerce Companies in the World
The eCommerce sector is developing with a double-digit growth rate. Retail eCommerce sales capable to attain a total of 2.3 trillion US dollars. It has been estimated that by 2021, it will touch the amount of nearly 4.8 trillion US dollars. U.S & China amounted to deals of value 1.6 trillion US dollars which accounts for 70% of the in general eCommerce sales in the world.
1. Amazon
Amazon eCommerce company is the number 1 eCommerce company in the world doesn’t need any introduction if measured in terms of revenue and Market capitalization. In 1994, Jeff Bezos founded Amazon which was firstly for the marketplace for books. Now amazon becomes the highest revenue-generating eCommerce company and the Jeff Bezos wealthiest man in the world.
Top 10 eCommerce Companies in the World - Amazon eCommerce Company
In the year 2017, Amazon eCommerce net sales generated $177.9 billion from selling books. Amazon has now online stores with a range of products including software, electronics, clothing, course, books, and pet supplies. Jeff Bezos, in the beginning, named it Cadabra, Inc but later it was named as Amazon.
Amazon workforces a massive 565,000 employees which is a share more than Google and its straight opponent, eBay. Every single employee builds worth for the customers. This noticeably replicates the size of this online store’s operations.
Amazon eCommerce company in the beginning for almost 5 years did not make revenue due to its strange business model. But Amazon stays alive and made the first return in the year 2001 that showed Bezos' exceptional business model can be successful. Amazon Web Services (AWS) is the one more most profit-building business for Amazon after its online store. It delivers web hosting servers to website owners.
2. Alibaba
Alibaba is one of the China’s largest eCommerce companies and was set up by 18 individuals led by Jack Ma, a former English professor. Jack Ma thought that it will empower small commerce and will level the playing field by innovation as well as technology to compete in the worldwide economies.
Top 10 eCommerce Companies in the World - Alibaba eCommerce Company
They empower the big business to transform their way of doing business by given that the essential technical structure so that they can leverage the power of the internet to engage with consumers. Alibaba is the most valuable dealer in the world since 2014 and has its operations prolonged in more than 200 countries.
In the initial periods, Jack Ma resorted to hiring farmers because Alibaba didn’t have the resources to hire business graduates in their sales team. In 2016, the business was capable to attain GMV of $478 billion and targets to double it by 2020. Jack Ma started Alibaba to brand it the leading online wholesale market. It not only accommodates to customers, but also to dealers. Alibaba also has additional platforms like Alipay, Taobao, and Aliexpress,. The company has a system in place with its varied range of businesses.
For example, Social media marketers regularly use this tool to stream content, share videos. Alipay is an online payment facility, just similar to Paypal and is now commonly used for online shopping. Tabao.com is a content hub in China with numerous social media functionalities. Alibaba’s sheer dominance in China, the third leading marketplace in the world, is adequate to consist of it in the list of top eCommerce businesses.
3. eBay
eBay was established by Pierre Omidyar in the year 1995, it is an e-commerce company based out in San Jose, California. It delivers people the option to buy or sell a wide range of products or services worldwide and it follows both B2C and C2C kind of commerce model. The business listed almost every saleable element by the year 2000 and the industry grew rapidly. The company links millions of shoppers and suppliers around the world.
Top 10 eCommerce Companies in the World - eBay eCommerce Company
eBay used robust technology to control its platform which supports sellers to offer their inventory and list their items on their platform and let consumers discover and buy it, almost anytime and anyplace. eBay has set-ups in more than 30 countries and approximately 14,000 employees worldwide.
It has nearly 170 million active customers worldwide and able to attain GMV of $24.4 billion. eBay has crossed over downloads of 391 million throughout the world. It commonly uses analytics to evaluate the characteristics of buying and selling performance so that they can improve the consumer experience.
eBay had the largest technology firms in the previous years like Skype, Paypal, Stubhub, etc. eBay produces revenue by charging the registration charges from sellers and some commission from suppliers on the deal of product through their platform. eBay is one of the top e-commerce companies with headquarters in San Jose, California which was founded in 1995.
The eBay has a variety of product categories which cover nearly all e-commerce platform offers an open market for C2C and B2C dealings. Individuals can join and post their products for sale.
4. JingDong
JD.COM is a Chinese B2C e-commerce company headquartered located in Beijing, China. Previously it was well-known with a name 360buy and presently this platform has more than 260 million active consumers, who are engaged with offers, new products and much more.
Top 10 eCommerce Companies in the World - JingDong eCommerce Company
The company was founded by Liu Quiangdong in 1998, that’s why it is also known as the name Jingdong. The company initially started its business as an optical magneto store but soon they expanded, selling mobile phones, electronics, etc.
This company was competent to attain record by selling products worth $19 billion in a single day in the year 2017. The company is also well-known for its Jingteng’s strategy, this scheme delivers brand owners information about the accurate target customer groups and supports wholesalers to attain actual and precise marketing which supports them in growing their sales extra.
Walmart sold its eCommerce industry in the year 2016 to JD.COM to contract a 5% equity stake in JD.COM. JD.COM is planning to proliferation its presence through Europe, the UK, and France in future years. The company is creating usage of AI and high tech tools to improve its distribution system. JD.COM now offers a wide-ranging variety of products, almost across each main classification like FMCG, apparel, food, home appliances, etc.
They own the largest drone supply system, robots, and autonomous technology, distribution over drones. They are presently trying autonomous robots for making distributions and also they are financing massive the expanse in constructing drone delivery airports, driverless distributions utilizing autonomous trucks, etc.
5. Walmart
Walmart has more than 11000 stores and is working across 28 states under 58 different titles. Walmart was competent to make $480 billion of profits and was able to create it as the world’s biggest business through profits according to the Fortune Global 500 list in 2016. The profits generated through its eCommerce processes is just 4% of its overall profits. Walmart is well-known for its consumers because Walmart consumers can buy products at a very low amount on any day.
Top 10 eCommerce Companies in the World - Walmart eCommerce Company
The intention behind selling things at a lower price is that Walmart can attain economies of scale. Walmart studies a huge amount of user data which permits them to improve their processes by forecasting consumer’s behaviors. Nowadays Walmart is concentrating more on increasing online business.
In the year 2016, Walmart was acquired Jet.com. Walmart’s US eCommerce CEO considering doubling up their storerooms for eCommerce to increase customer’s digital capability. In early 2006 when India had strict FDI guidelines, Walmart started a joint venture with Bharti Enterprise.
Bharti enterprise would handle the front end retail stores and Walmart takes maintenance of cold chain and logistics. Now Walmart is in discussions to buy India’s e-commerce giant Flipkart at an estimation close to $20 billion. If the deal goes through, it will pose a great threat and competition to Amazon’s India eCommerce set-ups.
6. Booking Holding
Booking holdings was first designated as Priceline.com and it has its headquarter in the US. It was established by JS Walker in the year 1997, and Priceline worked public in the year 1999 and was capable to produce $13 Billion through IPO.
Top 10 eCommerce Companies in the World - Booking Holding eCommerce Company
Worth originated its company by selling telephone services, house leases, second-hand goods, gasoline, groceries, the online tour site also new vehicles following its name your price service. Priceline terminates some services to concentrate more on travel business in the year 2000.
Priceline was capable to produce its initial earnings in the year 2001. Priceline also starts into the retail resort company in the year 2004 by getting a majority stake in TravelWeb. It also acquires Activehotel.com, an online resort booking business in Europe. To develop more they took booking.com in the year 2005 which is presently the world’s largest accommodation website now.
Priceline further took businesses in an online hotel extent and exceeded Expedia to become India’s biggest online hotel booking service. Priceline group was also named as Fortune's most reputed company as well as the most innovative company in the travel space. It manages its website in more than 40 languages and 200 nations.
In 2016, it was ready to sell more than 7 million air tickets through its program, the customer reserved 557 million room nights of accommodation also 66 million rental car days. One of its subsidiary rentalcars.com was given the world’s best car rental app.
7. Shopify
Shopify was established by Tobias Lütke, Scott Lake and Daniel Weinand. It is a Canadian e-commerce firm having its headquarter in Ottawa, Ontario. This business is having more than 6 lakh merchants utilizing its platform and Shopify should be capable to produce Gross Merchandise worth of $55 billion.
Top 10 eCommerce Companies in the World - Shopify eCommerce Company
The founders of Shopify firstly try to start an online store for Snowboarding equipment’s including this startup was mentioned as Snowdevil but they were unsatisfied with current e-commerce products in the market which leads them to begin their e-commerce program known as Shopify. In 2009 they started the Shopify app store and API platform which can be used by developers to produce apps for online stores and sell these on the Shopify app store.
The app allows their online store owners to maintain their stores utilizing their mobile tools. Shopify has also been named Ottawa’s fastest-growing e-commerce business by the Ottawa industry journal in the year 2010. The organization then launched a Shopify payments program which allowed customers to pay directly through credit cards without requiring a third party payment gateway.
The firm continued public in the year 2015 and was capable to grow more than $131 million. Amazon.com stated the closing of its Amazon Webstore services for its dealer and decided Shopify as a favored migration provider and also, Amazon combined with Shopify which enabled Shopify dealers to sell on Amazon from their Shopify store. This activity supported Shopify in developing its stock price by approximately 10%.
8. Rakuten
Rakuten is a Japanese e-commerce business based in Tokyo and was established by Hiroshi Mikitani 1977. Rakuten is a Japanese term which suggests Optimism, is also termed as Amazon of Japan, suggesting thousands of products online. It allows digital content, fin-tech solutions, and e-commerce services to above 1 billion members throughout the world.
Top 10 eCommerce Companies in the World - Rakuten eCommerce Company
It has total strength close to approximately 15,000 agents worldwide. It extends its services through joint venture and acquisition. It took Buy.com, Viber, etc. to indicate its appearance in different nations. It also financed in businesses like Pinterest, Acronis, etc. and further it has its online marketing firm, Rakuten Marketing.
This business continued public in the year 2000, at this moment it had 2300 stores including 95 million page views per month performing it as the most prominent site in Japan. Rakuten was one of the leading influential organizations which began allowing bitcoins for payments over its global marketplaces.
Rakuten to market its program acknowledged one of the most significant deals with FC Barcelona, one of the most popular football teams in Europe with its name appearing on player's jerseys. In 2018, the group acquired Marine and Asahi fire from one of Japan's managing bank Nomura for an approximated worth 46 billion yen.
This will Rakuten’s first investment in the general insurance sector and the Asahi will become the company’s wholly-owned subsidiary which will provide accident, fire and automotive protection to corporate customers and several other customers.
9. Otto
The Otto Group is one of the largest eCommerce businesses mainly based in France and Germany and has its services in more than 20 nations. It was established by Werner Otto as a mail-order business in Hamburg, and in less than 2 years of its services, Otto was capable to improve its turnover on a factor of 5. In the year 1995, Otto works online and made accessible a comprehensive variety of products online.
Top 10 eCommerce Companies in the World - Otto eCommerce Company
The group allows a new concept of a variety of goods and ranges to provide to the growing demands of the customer in the retail area. The firm now gives assistance associated with logistics, transportation also quality services to the businesses outside the organization or to its partners. In the year 2000, the Otto group was capable to achieve 2nd place in the B2C industry after Amazon.
OTTO organization was capable to place itself as the world’s biggest online retailer for fashion and lifestyle goods. Otto also started augmented reality stores where users can try on items of nearby Otto store in front of their webcam also next people can post their pics on social networking sites like Facebook. Otto group included a new concept of open business where with the help of technology, it endorses its style series by applying user-generated content containing opinions from third parties. This provides consumers a unique way to shop the collection.
10. Asos
ASOS.com is a British online fashion market proposed to youngsters and adults having a favorite brand recall. It was established by Nick Robertson and Quentin Griffiths in the year 2000 and is headquartered in Camden Town, at Greater London House and has its primary fulfillment center placed in Barnsley, South Yorkshire.
Top 10 eCommerce Companies in the World - Asos eCommerce Company
Asos sells above 80000 brands and has a variety of clothes. Asos.com is a global online beauty and fashion retailer that offers womenswear, jewelry, menswear, footwear and beauty assets. It ships its products across 140 countries through different warehouses in the UK, China, the US, and Europe. ASOS primarily abbreviated to the name AsSeenOnTheScreen limited.
ASOS has above 4500 employees and is the biggest self-governing fashion online store in the UK. Recently they started a marketing campaign aimed to take full benefit of the Instagram Stories’ feature boosted users to upload photographs or videos of ASOS products and people were capable to produce around 3 million footsteps in the UK itself.
By 2018 it has approximately 10 million downloads and the app has an important feature that supports users to upload photographs of clothes people like and the app will deliver the product comparable or likewise to the uploaded product.
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Top 10 Stock Exchanges in The World by Market Capitalization
Which are the Top 10 Stock Exchanges in The World? Today, I am going to share information about Top 10 Stock Exchanges in The World by Market Capitalization in detail. In Amsterdam, the first stock exchange was established by the Dutch East India Company to trade a share. Now a day there are 16 stock exchanges in the world with a market capitalization of over $1 trillion. A stock exchange is a regulated marketplace of various financial securities such as stocks, warrants, and bonds that connect sellers and buyers. the World Federation of Exchanges data shows based on the market capitalization of these top 10 largest stock exchanges. Here we give information on the top 10 largest stock exchanges in the world.
Top 10 Stock Exchanges in The World
10. Bombay Stock Exchange, India
Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) was the first stock exchange in Asia Founded in 1875, As of November 2018, BSE had a market capitalization of more than $2.05 trillion.
According to Visual Capitalist this stock exchange with the highest number over 5,749 of listed companies. However, most of them are small-caps. It is located at Dalal Street in Mumbai.
9. Toronto Stock Exchange, Canada
Toronto Stock Exchange was It was founded in 1852, Owned and operated by TMX Group which has 2,207 listed companies.
The Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) are combined market capitalization of $2.1 trillion & an average monthly trade volume of $97 billion. All of Canada’s ‘Big 5’ commercial banks are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange. Back in the year 2011, the TMX Group was in says to merge with the London Stock Exchange (LSE), but it could not get the approval of shareholders.
8. Shenzhen Stock Exchange, China
Shenzhen Stock Exchange was Formally established in 1990, which is one of the only two independently operating stock exchanges in China country. The Shenzhen Stock Exchange and the other one being the Shanghai Stock Exchange. Shenzhen Stock Exchange had market capitalization is more than $2.5 trillion as of November. Most of the companies listed in Shenzhen Stock Exchange are based in China and it trades shares in the currency Yuan. The Shenzhen Stock Exchange started a Chi Next board in 2009 which consisting of high-tech, high-growth startups similar to NASDAQ.
7. London Stock Exchange, United Kingdom
The London Stock Exchange was founded in 1698 which has more than 3,000 listed companies. London Stock Exchange owned and operated by the London Stock Exchange Group, with a combined market capitalization of $3.76 trillion. The London Stock Exchange (LSE) was the world’s largest stock exchange until the end of World War I when it lost that title to the New York Stock Exchange. Some of the largest companies are listed at the LSE are British Petroleum, GlaxoSmithKline and Barclays.
6. Euronext, Eurozone
Euronext whose Headquartered in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Euronext is a Pan-European stock exchange with a combined market capitalization of $3.92 trillion which presence in countries like Portugal, France, Ireland, and Belgium. Euronext has approximately 1,300 listed companies with monthly trading volume is about $174 billion and Stocks listed at Euronext trade in currency euros.
5. Hong Kong Stock Exchange, Hong Kong
The Hong Kong Stock Exchange has a monthly trading volume of $183 billion which founded in 1891 and about a market capitalization of $3.93 trillion. Hong Kong Stock Exchange has more than 2,000 listed companies, about half of which are from China mainland. In 2017, the exchange closed for changing its physical trading floor to shift to the electronic trading floor. Some of the biggest companies listed at the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKSE) are HSBC, Tencent Holdings, China Mobile, Petro China, and AIA Holdings.
4. Shanghai Stock Exchange, China
The Shanghai Stock Exchange's largest stock exchange in China has more than 1,000 listed companies with a market capitalization of $4.02 trillion. Shanghai Stock Exchange is a non-profit organization through its started date back to 1866, in the Chinese Revolution in 1949 was suspended. The Shanghai Stock Exchange's new modern avatar was started in 1990. Stocks listed at the Shanghai Stock Exchange have two types ‘X’ shares that people trade in local currency and ‘Y’ shares that are priced in the American US dollar for foreign investors.
3. Tokyo Stock Exchange, Japan
The Tokyo Stock Exchange is among the top 10 largest stock exchanges in the world which was founded in 1878, It has over 2,300 listed companies. Tokyo Stock Exchange has a combined market capitalization of $5.67 trillion. Tokyo Stock Exchange Trading was stopped for four years after World War II. The Tokyo Stock Exchange consists of the largest companies including Honda, Sony, Toyota, and Suzuki.
2. NASDAQ, United States
The NASDAQ Stock Market is considered the Mecca of technology companies because NASDAQ had a market capitalization of $10.8 trillion & many of the world’s largest technology companies such as Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft, Alphabet, Apple, Tesla, Cisco, etc. are listed here. The NASDAQ situated in New York City which was founded in 1971 with an average monthly trading volume of $1.26 trillion.
1. New York Stock Exchange, United States
New York Stock Exchange has a market capitalization of $22.9 trillion which was Founded in 1792. The New York Stock Exchange has 2,400 listed companies and the world’s largest stock exchange since the end of World War I. The NYSE alone accounts for roughly around 41% of the world’s stock market capitalization. According to Gallup, more than 55% of Americans had invested in stocks listed at the NYSE.
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THE TRADE POLICIES OF PARTNER COUNTRIES
The most potent of the impulses emanating from abroad have been the side effects of events and policies in the more advanced countries rather than the result of deliberate actions and measures designed to influence the course of development in the developing countries. This is not to underrate the significance of the evolution of the concept and practice of what has come to be known as "foreign aid". It is merely to recognize the paramountcy of trade in its various aspects among the external forces shaping the course of economic events in the developing countries.
The key aspect of trade in this context has been the response of imports to the rise in incomes and production in the more advanced countries. By historical standards, import demand in the advanced countries has provided a more or less continuous and vigorous stimulus to the developing countries in the post-war period. It was at its weakest in the second half of the 1950s when the North American economy was lagging and developing country export earnings grew by only 2 percent a year. It recovered notably in the quantum beginning in 1961, and the growth of developing country export earnings jumped to over 6 percent a year.
With the widespread slackening in demand in Europe and North America in 1967, developing country export growth has again flagged. When viewed not in the aggregate but in terms of its components, the growth in the demand for imports from the developing countries has been far from uniformly dynamic, however, and for individual developing countries it is these differences that are significant not only in explaining past performance but also in pointing to future problems. Four main factors lie behind the differences in the rates of expansion in the various trade flows. The first of these names, production lags in the developing countries themselves belongs to the category of development problems discussed earlier in this study.
The others have their origin in the partner countries and hence lie largely if not entirely outside the sphere of influence of the developing countries. Two of these indeed-namely, the preference patterns of consumers and the technological innovations adopted by producers are subject only to indirect government influence in the developed market economies in which they operate. It is only the fourth of these major determinants of developing country exports namely, official production and trade policies-that is amenable to deliberate action and change.
This means that the demand for many of the traditional exports of the developing countries is slow-growing and relatively unresponsive to increases in income in the more affluent partner countries.
The slow growth of demand for some products has also created problems for producers in the more advanced countries themselves. The result has often been government intervention in the market and the support of the depressed industry by means of subventions or protective tariffs or quotas. Thus in a number of cases most notably in the agricultural and textile sectors the problem facing exporter’s in the developing countries has been aggravated by the defensive policy measures adopted in their customary markets. In some cases, such measures have not only cut off access to the domestic market but also provided subsidized competition in third markets.
The opportunities for earning foreign exchange from traditional exports have also been constricted by various technological developments economizing in the use of raw materials for specific purposes, substituting new materials sometimes synthesized for the purpose or even eliminating the use of older materials, as in the case of bulk-handling techniques which dispense with customary packaging.
These innovations have posed serious problems of adaptation for the developing countries: as not only are they economically rational (in a way that protection and other defiance measures often are not) but they also tend to be irreversible: capital facilities are established and need to be fully utilized, and consumer industries adapt themselves to the new material or the new process. Nor is the change limited to the more advanced countries.
The output of the new facilities may be exported to third markets and plants may be established in developing countries. Thus, Brazil, home of the hevea brasiliensis, now produces more synthetic rubber than natural rubber. In India, the world's third-largest producer and consumer of cotton goods, the output of man-made fibers increased fivefold between mid-1950 and mid1960 and now amounts to over an eighth of the output of raw cotton. Changes of this nature, which represent progress in some developing countries, accentuate the difficulties of other developing countries trying to enlarge their earnings from traditional exports.
The most predictable and hence the factor is most readily taken into account in the economic planning of the developing countries is the pattern of income growth in the more advanced countries with which they trade. At the relatively high level of personal income common in these countries, the proportion of any increment spent on conventional food-stuffs.
Not all the technological developments of recent years have been inimical to the rapid growth of developing country exports, however. The demand for some commodities particularly minerals such as iron, uranium and lithium ores, bauxite and, most spectacular in terms of the values involved, petroleum-has been greatly enhanced by the innovations of the post-war period, to the benefit of the developing countries possessing exploitable deposits. In the case of the majority of developing countries, however, and in virtually all of those in which traditional exports have been agricultural in origin, the technical innovations have tended to reduce demand.
Where a developing country has managed to achieve a high rate of growth in its exports of such products, it has generally been by dint of capturing a larger share of the market through the default of other exporters or through a deliberate effort to lower costs and raise productivity by genetic improvement or the adoption of better methods of cultivation. Post-war experience indicates that the expansion of primary production of this nature perhaps even its survival depends on its capacity to respond to scientific methods for improving and standardizing the product and the way in which it is produced.
Technological advance has not only altered the composition of imports into the higher-income countries, it has also affected their exports to developing countries and in a manner that has greatly complicated the latter's attempt to make optimal use of foreign exchange resources. Even with a relatively static technology, the task of speeding up the process of economic development would have imposed severe strains on the administrative machinery particularly in the public sector in most developing countries.
In the event, the accelerating pace of technological change has made investment choices that much more difficult and, given the scarcity of capital relative to the supply of labor in the developing countries, it is far from certain that the wisest decisions have always been taken.
Nor have the export-selling practices of the more advanced countries always helped in the rational choice of techniques and equipment by developing countries. Once the post-war recovery stage was completed, competition intensified in export markets, including the developing countries, many of which were vulnerable not only because of their inexperience in evaluating new and often more sophisticated products and production methods but also because of their dependence on credit to finance their imports.
The evidence suggests that where selling pressures were strong, there was some impairment of the ability of buyers especially in the newly independent countries-to appraise the combined price, quality and financing terms in a critical manner so essential if foreign exchange budgeting is to serve development planning purposes. Instances of faulty investment decisions and the questionable use of short-term and medium-term credits are best known in the case of countries in which subsequent balance of payments crises and debt rescheduling have dramatized the situation, but there is no reason to suppose that the problem has not been a general one.
Thus, while it is true that the developing countries may expect to be spared many of the horrors and wastes that characterized the industrial revolution in some of the developed market economies, more recent history suggests that the external economic environment in which industrialization is now being essayed has its own hazards. There can be little doubt that neither the production techniques nor the consumption patterns of the more advanced countries are well suited to the factor endowment and income levels of most developing countries. Maximization of the benefits to be derived from trade and other forms of exchange with the more advanced countries entails purposeful selection and adaptation in the light of domestic resources and needs.
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THE PLANNING FUNCTION IN DEVELOPMENT
With domestic savings and foreign exchange both in short supply, the task of increasing average productivity and bringing about the structural changes necessary for continued expansion in output and incomes poses formidable problems of economic management. The specific form and nature of the problem differ from one developing country to another depending on the existing structure of the economy, the relative magnitude of the constraints, the choice of objectives immediate and more distant and the range and force of impulses received by the economy from the outside world.
As more countries have attempted to set explicit objectives and to plan ways and means of attaining them, however, various common difficulties have become apparent. Some relate to the adoption of a development strategy, some have arisen out of organizational problems some from the sheer accumulation of past measures of an ad hoc and sometimes conflicting nature. Others stem from conflicts between short-term needs and longer-term goals and yet others from the bluntness of certain policy instruments, particularly when they are used in an environment that may be sluggish in transmitting economic stimuli.
The two most frequent difficulties encountered by developing countries in the formulation of a development strategy have been the identification of the principal obstacles to economic growth in a manner that is operationally useful, and the method of dealing with, and if necessary circumventing, particularly recalcitrant obstacles.
The need to identify bottlenecks and to appreciate their amenability to corrective action is essential to the determination of priorities and hence to the content and phasing of a development plan. Recent experience has demonstrated how easily bottlenecks may be generated in an economy in which most types of resources are under strain. Lags ripple through the economy, reducing productivity and raising prices, and sometimes cumulating in an extremely disruptive manner.
Not only is the pinpointing of potential bottle-necks an essential preliminary to the determination of priorities for planned development but a constant alert has to be maintained for the emergence of imbalances in the course of the plan. The lags whose probability has been most frequently underestimated by developing countries in the past have been in exports, in domestic food supplies and in the skills required in the course of industrialization. But in varying degree, many of the investments that have tong gestation periods and are not productive until complete hydroelectric plants, railway links, and other infrastructure projects often fall into this category have involved timing problems and awkward choices between leads and lags, both tending in their different ways to lower the efficiency of capital.
Bottle-necks arising from lagging sectors are not equally amenable to the sort of action that Governments are in a position to take, so that plan priorities tend to involve more than decisions about the order and intensity of the measures to effect the desired change. The economy as a whole cannot be made to wait on accomplishments in a recalcitrant sector which may depend on structural alterations requiring considerable time. While a major effort is mounted to bring about the necessary adjustments which in the long run cannot be avoided-arrangements must be made to bypass the problem or at least to minimize its negative effects on the course of development.
To some extent, this can be done by appropriate modifications in the use of available domestic resources, substituting the more plentiful for the scarcer raw material, using labor instead of mechanical equipment, choosing technologies that are best related to existing factor endowment. But many countries have found it more convenient to make good the results of the lag by drawing resources from the rest of the world the hiring of special skills, the encouragement of foreign investment, the importation Of basic food-stuffs have all been reported to for bridging gaps left by lagging domestic sectors. The feasibility of this depends in large measure on the status and performance of the export sector where this is itself a bottleneck, the economy is deprived of one of the most flexible of its development instrumentalities.
The formulation and carrying out of development policies designed to maintain the degree of balance most conducive to growth impose a very heavy strain on government machinery. Plan administration cuts across the traditional departmental structure of the civil service, and to keep normal public services functioning smoothly while changing the focus of operations from the department to the economy as a whole requires a major adjustment in attitude and organization. Even in those countries that have taken development planning most seriously and have set up planning commissions often highly placed and attached to the prime minister's office or its equivalent there have been many difficulties. To some extent, these difficulties have been in priority determination and the choice of policy instruments, but more frequently they have arisen in the implementation of plan decisions, dependent as this has tended to be on ordinary departmental staff preoccupied with routine responsibilities.
The implied emphasis on change and expansion is in some ways the antithesis of bureaucratic attitudes and procedures. It cannot be taken for granted that a department of agriculture is appropriately staffed to carry out the research, experimentation and extension work that agrarian restructuring may require. Nor can an education department, struggling to provide teachers and classrooms to meet the conventional claims of a rapidly growing child population, be expected to gear itself automatically to make the locational and curriculum changes that may be urgently necessary to meet the newly emerging needs for skilled workers and technicians.
There may be no department of transport or of energy, while the department of public works may soon be swamped by the number and variety of projects stemming from the Government's own investment decisions. Control over the relevant activities of provincial and local authorities may be too weak to permit the necessary degree of co-ordination. Even the horizontal links between central government departments traditionally through the treasury may be unsuited to the planning function on an economy-wide basis.
Consistency in their deployment, and partly in the fact that the economy is subject to continuous and changing pressures transmitted from the outside world through export markets, the cost of imports and the flow of capital.
Whatever the difficulties developing countries encounter in organizing the government apparatus to play the role required of it in executing an articulated development plan, the problem of integrating the private sector into the plan so that investment and production decisions are consistent with the stated objectives for the economy as a whole has generally been an even greater challenge. The problems lies partly in the size and range of the private sector (compared with the economic component of the public sector), partly in the fact that the indirect means through which government influence is brought to bear ort private decision making ÿend to be much more effective in preventing and deterring than in encouraging and stimulating, partly in the fact that because the instruments in question are those which the Government has to rely on to manage the economy and maintain its short-term stability.
The extent to which developing countries tend to be exposed to impulses from abroad is implicit in the share of exports in total production. In 1963-1965 the ratio of exports of goods and services to gross domestic product exceeded 23 percent in more than half of the developing countries, and the relative importance of the exports was increasing in more than two-thirds of the countries the ratio had increased in the preceding eight years. The risks of inconsistency among policy measures depend to a considerable extent on the range of instruments at the disposal of the Government. Where, for example, as is the case in many developing countries' government revenue is derived from a small number of taxes, chosen largely on the basis of their administrative feasibility, it is likely to prove too costly to use the tax system flexibly for other purposes.
The provision of tax incentives to encourage industrial investment, for example-may involve a serious loss of revenue, at least in the short run. The raising of customs duties to provide protection for a domestic activity may mean the sacrifice of needed government income. Even more awkward is the problem of taxing exports the needs of the Government for revenue and of the economy for foreign exchange tend to be in direct conflict, and tax incentives to promote exports may involve heavy budgetary sacrifices. Price policies may be similarly torn between incompatible objectives in many instances the desire to hold down the cost of living for urban consumers has stood in the way of pricing schedules calculated to stimulate the production of the goods or services in question.
The task of ensuring the consistent deployment of all policy instruments is often complicated by a certain duality in objectives. Even when priorities are carefully determined in the context of a five-year development plan, they may prove difficult to sustain in the face of shorter-term claims, particularly when these arise in critical areas. A harvest failure or a major decline in the world market price of a leading export product may so affect the country's economic balance that measures are required that may not be in line with plan objectives. Few developing countries have the necessary reserves to permit adjustment to strong and unfavorable shorter-term impulses without significant disruption to longer-term policies.
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MOBILIZING RESOURCES FOR DEVELOPMENT
The process of economic development is, in essence, a continuous series of structural changes by which human resources are adapted and equipped for a greater degree of specialization of function and effort, agriculture is made more productive, manpower is transferred to non-farm occupations, particularly in industry, and provision is made for the appropriate infrastructure for a more diversified economy. The process is not readily divisible into discrete and separately manageable phases it is a continuum, and lags that cause imbalances at one point soon tend to be reflected in imbalances at other points. Nor is the process in any one country a closed or self-contained system it is subject to an endless barrage of impulses from the rest of the world, not all of which facilitate the requisite changes.
Of all the possible causes for lags and imbalances in the development process, the most common among the developing countries in the post-war period have been deficiencies in investment and in imports. In varying degree, all the transformations which constitute development are contingent upon the amount and suitability of the investment and the availability of supplies of the requisite imports. Thus, viewed from the financing side, the pace and smoothness of economic development depend very largely on the adequacy of domestic savings on the one hand and foreign receipts on the other.
In low-income societies, the difficulty of generating savings is always likely to constitute a constraint on the rate of growth. Most of the developing countries are characterized not only by low average incomes but also, as indicated above, by high rates of population growth which greatly accentuate the problem of increasing per capita savings and hence the amount of capital equipment at the disposal of each person.
Nor does the skewness of income distribution, found in so many developing countries, serve to raise saving rates in the way it tends to do in higher-income countries paucity of investment opportunities and the rudimentary nature of the local capital market both militate against the beneficial deployment of personal incomes.
Moreover, the higher-income group in the developing countries is peculiarly vulnerable not only to the so-called "demonstration effect" persuading it to maintain levels of consumption more appropriate to an advanced economy than to an under-developed one but also to the temptation to transmit resources abroad, even in circumvention of official restraints.
Business enterprises, particularly corporate bodies, have shown themselves to be a more promising source of savings in recent years. But their impact is limited partly by the slow growth and spread of this form of organization, partly by the paucity of financial intermediaries capable of channeling such savings to the most productive uses and partly by the fact that many of the major corporate enterprises are foreign-owned, so that their savings become available to the economy, if at all, only as foreign investment.
Governments have hitherto played a much smaller role in generating savings than might seem consistent with their predominant part as planners and executors of development programmers. The explanation lies partly on the revenue side and partly on the expenditure side 'there are special difficulties in expanding the former and in contracting the latter so that the opportunities for accumulating current surpluses for use in public investment tend to be very circumscribed.
In most developing countries, because of the lowness of income levels, Governments are faced with a relatively narrow tax base. Administrative difficulties tend to constrain it even further, so that, in many cases, it is linked very closely to foreign trade taxes on commodities moving inwards or outwards or on the events of those engaged in growing, mining or trading in such commodities.
Whereas the progressive income tax that is common to more advanced countries tends to make government revenue very responsive to economic growth, in the developing countries tax revenue tends to be not only rather inelastic relative to total production but also extremely vulnerable to changes in world markets.
On the expenditure side, most Governments find themselves in an equally tight situation. Their responsibilities tend to vary inversely with the state of development so that it is often the poorest that are called upon to take the initiative and provide the most services. It takes an unusually strong administration to refuse the claims and appeals of an aspiring electorate. When the services are obviously in line with the development needs of the economy (as in the case of schools and hospitals, for example), recent experience has shown that it is very easy to enter into commitments (perhaps only implicitly, as in the erection of buildings) which are embarrassingly difficult to fulfill in terms of subsequent current expenditure.
The very fact that special responsibilities rest on the public sector not only for stimulating and sponsoring development activities but also for implementing many of them tends to swell the general administrative costs of government. Budgetary flexibility and the capacity to generate a current surplus are also affected by the need to service debt, particularly in cases where the proportion of non-revenue-producing infrastructure has accounted for a large proportion of government borrowing and investment.
Notwithstanding all these difficulties the great majority of developing countries did succeed in raising their savings ratios in the course of the ten years, 1955-1965 about half, indeed, increased the rate by more than 3 percent of their gross domestic product, and one-third by more than 6 percent, and in the aggregate, the rate had risen from about 12 percent of gross domestic product in 1955 to 14 percent in 1965. Despite this improvement, however, in 1963-1965 only about a fifth of the developing countries recorded average savings rates 20 percent of gross domestic product or more approximating those common in the more advanced countries, and these included the major exporters of petroleum.
A higher proportion of a fourth-of the developing countries still had savings rates of under 10 percent. On a per-capita basis, the range of performance remained very wide--from less than $10 per person in some of the poorer countries of Africa and Asia to over $100 per person in some of the higher-income countries of Latin America.
Exports in favors of goods in more buoyant demand, for, apart from the difficulty of producing new commodities at competitive costs, access to external markets has often been obstructed by trade policies pursued in partner countries, by ignorance of opportunities and conditions in distant foreign markets and by the absence or inadequacy of the various commercial mechanisms through which goods are moved and financed.
Over the ten years 1955-1965, the exports of the developing countries have increased in total by an average of 4 percent a year--the manufactured component (including metals) by 8 percent, fuels by 7 percent, food-stuffs by 3 percent, raw materials by 2 percent. As with every other variable, the average subsumes a considerable range of performance, from declines in such countries as Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Colombia, and Singapore, to gains of over 10 percent a year in China (Taiwan), Iran, Israel, Jordan, Liberia, Libya and the Republic of Korea.
Nor were these differences the result of price changes (the spread of export quantum data was very similar) they reflect chiefly the lag in agriculture at one end of the spectrum and a high mineral-manufactures content at the other.
Most developing countries have found it necessary to augment their own savings by drawing on the savings of the rest of the world. The balance of payments deficit through which this is accomplished, however, is often less a reflection of any official decision to tap external resources than of a failure of the economy to generate the required exports or of the world market to maintain the price level of those exports. With the outstanding exception of those countries with exportable mineral resources-particularly petroleum most developing countries have experienced considerable difficulty in expanding their export earnings at a rate commensurate with their import requirements.
To some extent, this difficulty has had its origin in production problems in the traditional export sector, but more significant in most cases has been the fact that the great majority of the export products of the developing countries especially the traditional agricultural commodities have faced slow-growing markets responsive neither to increases in income nor to reductions in price. This has proved particularly difficult for countries supplying a major proportion of the market for their leading export commodity attempts to increase to any significant degree the volume of their exports of the item in question has tended to reduce its price and hence threaten their receipts.
Nor has it proved easy for a developing country to change the structure of its By modifying the international division of labor, the process of economic development will itself tend to diffuse the pattern of world trade new trade flows will expand and traditional flows contract. But the growth of trade among the developing countries which is implicit in this transformation has been shown by recent experience to be far from assured and automatic progression. The growth of nationhood in the post-war period has tended to reinforce, at least temporarily, the competitive relationships among developing countries.
Development objectives and the planning mechanisms for formulating and implementing them have almost inevitably been national in. scope and content, even when the national unit has been too small to sustain a significant degree of industrial diversification.
Only through deliberate linking of trade arrangements and investment decisions is a viable industrial structure likely to emerge and that implies a degree of the economic integration of small economies that may take a considerable time to achieve.
Even such market-widening integration would not reduce the need of the developing countries concerned for foreign exchange indeed, an acceleration in investment and intra-trade would probably enlarge the requirements that could be met only by imports from the more advanced countries. For at the root of this aspect of the development problem is the structural deficiency of most of the developing countries in respect of capital goods production. While economic integration of the smaller economies may be essential for the establishment of viable capital goods industries, the very effort to build up such industries is likely to increase the demand for imports.
This phenomenon has been a feature of even the largest of the developing countries, notwithstanding the capacity of such economies to provide a sizable share of the capital goods required for their own development. Indeed, under the impact of the "demonstration effect" in respect of consumer goods and the rapid change in technology in respect of producer goods, a it is these larger countries that have most consistently underestimated their propensity to import. In recent years, their balance of payments has remained most precarious and foreign exchange stringency has exercised a major constraint on their economic growth.
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