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Regenerative Medicine: A New Hope for Treatment

Regenerative medicine is a rapidly growing field that is focused on developing new treatments for a wide range of diseases and conditions. By using stem cells, tissue engineering, and other technologies, scientists are working to develop new ways to repair damaged tissues and organs, and even regrow entire limbs. This month, three major grants were awarded to research projects in regenerative…

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Fudao Cell Helps Indonesia's COVID-19 Vaccine Project

On May 30, 2023, FX Sudirman, President of PT Biotis Indonesia, and Penny K Lukito, Director General of the Indonesian Food and Drug Administration (BPOM RI), launched the lnavac mass vaccination program in Gunung Sindur, Bogor Regency, West Java.

According to Penny K Lukito, head of BPOM, the successful development of the Inavac vaccine is a milestone towards Indonesia's national vaccine independence, and Penny has ensured that all products currently in circulation meet quality and safety requirements.

The lnavac vaccine is currently the main COVID-19 vaccine inoculated in Indonesia. During its production, the cell factory from China Luoyang Fudao Biotechnology Co., Ltd. is used. The large-scale inoculation of lnavac vaccine in Indonesia proves the high quality of the Fordo Cell Factory in the cell culture process, and the continuous leap in influence at home and abroad, and also marks a new height for Chinese brands to participate in global exchanges in the field of biosciences!

The Indonesian health minister has issued a decree to purchase 5 million doses of Inavac. Millions of doses have now been distributed across the province. Meanwhile, PT Biotis is preparing the remaining 3.7 million doses of vaccine ordered by the government to meet people's demand.

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Cell culture consumables

Cell culture consumables are the materials and supplies used to grow and maintain cells in a laboratory setting. They include a wide variety of products, such as cell culture vessels, media, serum, reagents, and equipment.

Cell culture vessels are the containers in which cells are grown. They come in a variety of shapes and sizes, and are made from a variety of materials, such as plastic, glass, and polystyrene. Some common types of tissue culture vessels include flasks, tubes, dishes, and plates.

Media is the liquid that cells grow in. It contains nutrients, growth factors, and other substances that cells need to survive and grow. Media can be purchased in pre-made formulations, or it can be made in the laboratory.

Serum is a blood product that contains antibodies, proteins, and other substances that can help cells grow and survive. Sera is typically added to media to provide these essential components.

Reagents are chemicals that are used to perform a variety of tasks in cell culture, such as cell counting, cell lysis, and DNA extraction.

Equipment is used to perform a variety of tasks in cell culture, such as pipetting, centrifugation, and cell harvesting.

Cell culture consumables are an essential part of any cell culture laboratory. They provide the cells with the environment they need to grow and thrive. By using high-quality consumables, scientists can ensure that their cells are healthy and productive.

Here are some of the benefits of using high-quality cell culture consumables:

Increased cell growth and productivity Improved cell health and viability Reduced contamination risk Improved reproducibility of results Reduced costs If you are serious about cell culture, then it is important to use high-quality consumables. By doing so, you can ensure that your cells have the best possible chance of success.

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New Technique Promises Faster miRNA Detection

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNAs that regulate gene expression. Discovered in roundworms in the 1990s, miRNAs are now known to control many biological processes across species. However, miRNA levels change in certain diseases, suggesting they could act as biomarkers for diagnosis. Unfortunately, miRNAs degrade quickly and are hard to detect rapidly using current methods.

Most miRNA detection techniques require over five hours to amplify and measure miRNA levels, limiting their use in clinical settings. To address this, researchers from Tsinghua University developed a faster approach combining rolling circle amplification (RCA) and CRISPR-Cas12a detection that can detect miRNAs in under two hours.

In RCA, a circular DNA probe binds to the target miRNA. DNA polymerase and nucleotides then create multiple copies of the probe sequence. The team sped up RCA using "precircularized probes" that were circular before the reaction started.

For detection, the researchers designed CRISPR-Cas12a complexes to bind sequences in the RCA product. Binding activated Cas12a to cleave a fluorescent probe, emitting a detectable signal that increased with more miRNA.

Using precircularized probes, the team detected miRNAs sensitively in 70 minutes. Lead author Prof. Chong Zhang says their method "shows great potential in lab-based detection and point-of-care testing."

This low-cost, rapid technique could enable broader use of miRNAs as biomarkers. By allowing faster diagnosis, it may help address diseases like cancer earlier and more effectively. Prof. Zhang says, "The detection of miRNA could be completed in only 70 min...with an excellent limit of detection...and very high specificity."

This research provides hope for harnessing miRNAs' diagnostic potential through faster, more accurate detection. With development, the approach could lead to tools for detecting cancer and other miRNA-related diseases. Rapid miRNA diagnostics may enable personalized medicine through targeted treatment.

Overall, this new technique promises to accelerate miRNA detection, highlighting miRNAs' promise as disease biomarkers by overcoming previous challenges. Continued innovation in miRNA diagnostics will open new avenues for understanding disease and improving health outcomes.

In my rewrite, I focused on reorganizing the content logically, clarifying complex ideas, and highlighting the key implications and applications of the research in a concise yet compelling way for the reader. Please let me know if you would like me to modify or expand my rewrite further. I am happy to revise it as needed to achieve your goals.

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New Cell Therapy Shows Promise for Osteoarthritis Treatment

Scientists at Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine have developed an injectable cell therapy that reduces inflammation and regenerates cartilage in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis affects over 520 million people worldwide, causing pain, swelling and difficulty moving. It occurs when joint stress damages cartilage beyond the body's ability to repair it. Osteoarthritis affects the synovial joint system. The synovial membrane lines joints and secretes fluid to lubricate and protect them. In healthy joints, inflammation helps clean up damaged tissue after injury. But in osteoarthritis, injury triggers chronic inflammation and cartilage degeneration, causing severe symptoms. "With time, inflammation worsens, destroying cartilage and surrounding tissue. This causes patients severe pain, swelling and limits movement," said orthopedic surgeon Gary Poehling, M.D. The study, in Science Advances, investigated why osteoarthritic joints can't heal themselves. "We looked at whether joint fluid cells lack the ability to repair tissue, or if something in the environment impairs them," said researcher Gustavo Moviglia, Ph.D. They isolated human joint fluid cells, culturing them alone or with autologous fluid. Alone, the cells showed ability to repair tissue. But with joint fluid, their function was impaired. This suggests the osteoarthritic environment inhibits the cells. Based on this, they designed a cell therapy to overcome inflammation and regenerate cartilage. "Cartilage-targeted immune cells reduce inflammation, while progenitor cells aid regeneration," said senior author Anthony Atala, M.D., WFIRM director. "Dynamic interplay between these cells is key to efficacy." The therapy targets synovial inflammation, cartilage loss, bone sclerosis and pain in preclinical models, reversing cartilage damage and reducing inflammation. A compassionate-use study of 9 patients with confirmed osteoarthritis received 1-2 injections. Patients reported improved quality of life, recreational ability and less pain. MRI showed cartilage regeneration. Larger trials are needed to confirm results and see effects in different subgroups. In summary, the study found osteoarthritic joint fluid inhibits endogenous repair cells. The new cell therapy overcomes this by combining anti-inflammatory and regenerative cells to relieve symptoms and start rebuilding cartilage in osteoarthritic joints. The work provides hope for an innovative treatment to relieve the suffering and disability from this widespread disease.

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A New Strategy to Target MYC-Driven Cancers

The MYC family of proteins are key regulators of cell growth, proliferation and metabolism in cancer cells. Dysregulation of MYC proteins occurs in over half of all cancers and is associated with poor outcomes. Many researchers have tried unsuccessfully to directly target MYC proteins as a treatment approach. Now, a study from Moffitt Cancer Center researchers proposes an alternative strategy. Published in Blood Cancer Discovery, the study shows that MYC activates a pathway that chemically modifies a protein called eIF5A. Inhibiting this modification prevented lymphoma development and progression in mouse models. "Instead of targeting MYC directly, we hypothesized it may be possible to inhibit its cancer effects by targeting a downstream MYC effector protein critical for cancer," said lead author Shima Nakanishi, Ph.D., research scientist at Moffitt. "We focused on the polyamine biosynthesis pathway involved in cell growth and survival, which is altered in many MYC-driven cancers." The team found MYC increases eIF5A and DHPS, which modifies eIF5A with hypusine, a unique amino acid. They showed hypusine-modified eIF5A is critical for MYC-regulated lymphoma development. Blocking eIF5A or DHPS genetically or chemically inhibited lymphoma progression. Hypusine-modified eIF5A was important for proteins involved in cell growth and DNA replication. This is the first study showing this modification's role in cancer development. "As activation of the hypusine circuit is a hallmark of MYC-driven tumors, developing inhibitors of DHPS or agents blocking eIF5A-hypusine could enable new therapies," said senior author John Cleveland, Ph.D., director and CSO at Moffitt. In summary, the study identifies a promising new approach to target difficult-to-treat MYC-driven cancers by inhibiting the downstream hypusine modification pathway. By demonstrating its importance in lymphoma, the work provides a rationale for developing new therapies against DHPS and eIF5A to block their effects in these cancers.

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Study advances understanding of how melanocyte stem cells contribute to hair coloring

Certain stem cells have a unique ability to move between the growth compartments of hair follicles, but as people age they get stuck and thus lose their ability to mature and maintain hair color, a new study shows.

Led by researchers at NYU Grossman School of Medicine, the new work focused on cells in the skin of mice and also found cells in humans called melanocyte stem cells, or McSCs. Hair color is controlled by whether the non-functional but proliferating pool of McSCs within the follicle gets the signal to become mature cells that make the protein pigment responsible for the color.

The new study, published online April 19 in the journal Nature, shows that McSCs have remarkable plasticity. This means that during normal hair growth, as these cells move between the compartments of the developing follicle, they are constantly moving back and forth along the maturing shaft. It is within these compartments that McSCs are exposed to varying levels of protein signals that affect maturation.

Specifically, the team found that McSCs switch between their most primitive stem cell state and the next stage of maturation (the trans-amplification state), depending on their location.

The researchers found that as hair ages, falls out, and then repeatedly grows back, more and more McSCs get stuck in a stem cell compartment called the follicular bulge. They stay there, neither maturing to the transitional state nor returning to their original position in the germ chamber, where the WNT protein prompts them to regenerate into pigment cells.

The plasticity of McSCs is not present in other self-regenerating stem cells, such as those that make up the hair follicle itself, which are known to move in only one direction along a given time axis as they mature, the researchers said. For example, translocation-amplified hair follicle cells never reverted to their original stem cell state. This helps, in part, explain why hair continues to grow even when pigmentation fails, Sun said.

Earlier work by the same group at NYU showed that WNT signaling is required to stimulate McSCs to mature and produce pigment. The study also showed that McSCs were trillions of times less exposed to WNT signaling in the follicular bulge than in the hair germ compartment located just below the bulge.

In recent experiments in mice whose hair was physically aged by plucking and forced regrowth, the number of follicles containing McSCs in the follicular bulge increased from 15 percent before plucking to nearly half after forced aging. These cells still fail to regenerate or mature into pigment-producing melanocytes.

The researchers found that the stuck McSCs stopped their regenerative behavior because they were no longer exposed to high levels of WNT signaling, so they were unable to produce pigment in the new hair follicles that continued to grow.

In contrast, other McSCs that continued to move back and forth between the hair follicle bulge and hair germ retained the ability to regenerate into McSCs, mature into melanocytes, and produce pigment throughout the two-year study period.

"Loss of chameleon-like function in melanocyte stem cells may be responsible for hair graying and discoloration," said study senior investigator Mayumi Ito, Ph.D., professor in the Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and NYU Langone Ph.D. in Cell Biology, Faculty of Health.

"These findings suggest that melanocyte stem cell motility and reversible differentiation are key to maintaining healthy and colored hair," said Ito, who is also a professor in the Department of Cell Biology at NYU Langone.

The team plans to investigate ways to rejuvenate McSCs, or physically move them back to their germ chambers, where they can produce pigment, Ito said.

In the study, the researchers used recent 3D intravital imaging and scRNA-seq techniques to track cells aging and moving within each hair follicle in near real time.

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A new method for virtual staining of tissue samples in histopathology based on AI

Researchers from the University of Eastern Finland, the University of Turku and the University of Tampere have developed an artificial intelligence-based method for virtual staining of tissue samples for histopathology as part of the Nordic ABCAP consortium. For more than a century, chemical staining has been the cornerstone of studying histopathology and is widely used in fields such as cancer diagnosis.

"Chemical staining makes visible the morphology of almost transparent, low-contrast tissue sections. Without it, it is almost impossible for human vision to analyze tissue morphology. Chemical staining is irreversible, and in most cases it prevents the same sample from being used for other experiments or measurement," said Leena Latonen, University Researcher and Deputy Director of the Institute of Biomedical Research at the University of Eastern Finland, who led the experimental part of the study.

The artificial intelligence method developed in this study produced computational images that closely resembled those produced by the actual chemical staining process. This virtually stained image can then be used to examine the morphology of the tissue. Virtual staining reduces the chemical burden and manual work required for sample handling, while also enabling the use of tissue for purposes other than the staining itself.

The advantage of the proposed virtual staining method is that it requires no special hardware or infrastructure other than a regular light microscope and a suitable computer.

"The results have very wide applicability. There are many topics for follow-up studies and the calculation methods still need to be improved. However, we can already envision several application areas where virtual staining can have a significant impact on histopathology," says Dr. Pekka Ruusuvuori, associate professor at the University of Turku.

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Cell culture flasks are one of the most important tools in cell biology research

Cell culture flasks provide a space for researchers to culture and grow cells. A standard cell culture flask is usually round bottomed, with a lid, and can be sterilized to provide cells with necessary nutrients and moisture. Choosing an appropriate cell culture flask is critical for experimental results. Flask types, materials and surface treatments should be selected according to the needs of different cell types. Commonly used materials include glass, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride. Surface treatments such as collagen coating and polylysine coating can improve cell adhesion and growth. There are some key points to note when using cell culture flasks. First, the flasks should be sterilized before use to ensure an aseptic environment. Then add an appropriate amount of cell culture medium, leaving enough space for cell growth. Then inoculate the cultured cells into the flask and incubate at 37°C and 5% CO2 in a cell culture incubator. During the culture, regularly observe cell growth and change the medium at appropriate times to provide fresh nutrients. When the cells grow to an appropriate density, they can be passaged or harvested for various experiments. In summary, the cell culture flask is an important tool for cell culture. Choosing and using the appropriate flask is critical to ensuring experimental effectiveness and results. Each step needs to be strictly controlled to obtain healthy, uncontaminated cell resources in the cell culture flask. The key points when using cell culture flasks are sterilization, adding medium, inoculating cells, incubation, monitoring growth, medium changing and passaging or harvesting cells. By mastering each step, cell biologists can culture high-quality cells in flasks for their research.

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Novel optical imaging method provides 4-D view of cellular secretions

Cellular secretions such as proteins, antibodies, and neurotransmitters play critical roles in immune responses, metabolism, and cell-to-cell communication. Understanding cellular secretions is key to developing treatments for disease, but current methods can only report the amount of secretions without any details about when and where they are produced.

Now, researchers at the Faculty of Engineering and the Laboratory of Bionanophotonic Systems (BIOS) at the University of Geneva have developed a novel optical imaging method that provides a four-dimensional view of cellular secretions in space and time. By placing individual cells into the microscopic wells of a nanostructured gold-coated chip, and then inducing a phenomenon called plasmon resonance on the surface of the chip, they were able to map the secretions as they were produced, simultaneously observing the cell's shape and movement.

Because it provides an unprecedentedly detailed view of how cells function and communicate, the scientists believe their method, recently published in Nature Biomedical Engineering, has "tremendous" potential for drug development and basic research.

million sensing elements

At the heart of the scientists' approach is a 1-square-centimeter nanoplasmonic chip made of millions of tiny holes and hundreds of chambers for individual cells. The chip is made from a nanostructured gold substrate covered with a thin polymer mesh. Each chamber is filled with cell culture medium to keep cells alive and healthy during imaging.

"Cellular secretions are like the language of the cell: they diffuse dynamically in time and space to connect with other cells. Our technique captures the critical heterogeneity in where and distance these 'languages' spread," said BIOS doctoral student and The first writer, Saeid Ansaryan.

Nanoplasmonics is thanks in part to a beam of light that causes gold electrons to oscillate. The nanostructure is carefully engineered so that only specific wavelengths can penetrate it. The spectrum changes when something, such as a protein secretion, appears on the surface of the chip to alter the light passing through it. CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) image sensors and LEDs translate this transition into intensity changes across the CMOS pixels.

"The beauty of our device is that the nanopores distributed across the surface turn each point into a sensing element. This allowed us to observe the spatial pattern of released proteins regardless of the cell's location," Ansaryan said.

The method allowed scientists to glimpse two fundamental cellular processes -- cell division and cell death -- and study the subtleties of antibody-secreting human donor B cells.

"We saw the release of cellular contents during two forms of cell death, apoptosis and necroptosis. In the latter, the contents were released in an asymmetric fashion, producing a picture signature or fingerprint. This was demonstrated in a single levels have never been shown in cell experiments," Altug said.

Screening for cell fitness

Because the method soaks cells in nutrient-rich cell culture medium and does not require the toxic fluorescent labels used by other imaging techniques, cells under study can be recovered easily. This gives the method great potential for use in the development of drugs, vaccines and other treatments; for example, helping researchers understand how cells respond to different therapies at the individual level.

"Since the amount and pattern of secretions produced by cells is an indicator of their overall effectiveness, we can also imagine immunotherapy applications where you screen a patient's immune cells to identify the most effective cells and then create colonies of these cells , " said Ansarian.

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Embryo-like structures created from monkey embryonic stem cells for the first time

Human embryonic development and early organ formation remain largely unexplored due to ethical concerns surrounding the use of embryos for research and the limited availability of research materials. In a paper published April 6 in the journal Cell Stem Cell, a team of researchers from China reports for the first time the generation of embryo-like structures from monkey embryonic stem cells. The researchers also transferred these embryo-like structures into the uterus of female monkeys and determined that the structures were able to implant and trigger a pregnancy-like hormonal response. #cellculture

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First-ever "epicardium" created

A team at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) has induced stem cells to mimic the development of the human heart. The result is a "mini heart" known as an organoid. It will allow the study of the earliest developmental stages of our hearts and boost disease research.

The human heart begins to form about three weeks after conception. This places the early stages of heart development at a time when women are often still unaware they are pregnant. This is one reason why we still know so little about many details of how the heart forms. Results from animal studies are not fully transferable to humans. Organoids developed at TUM may help researchers.

A sphere of 35,000 cells

A team working with Alessandra Moretti, professor of regenerative medicine for cardiovascular disease, has developed a method to create a "mini heart" using pluripotent stem cells. About 35,000 cells are spun into a sphere in a centrifuge. Over the course of several weeks, different signaling molecules were added to the cell culture according to a fixed protocol. "In this way, we mimic the signaling pathways that control the developmental program of the heart in vivo," explains Alessandra Moretti. The group has now published its work in the journal Nature Biotechnology.

The first-ever "epicardium"

The resulting organoids are about half a millimeter in diameter. Although they don't pump blood, they can be electrically stimulated and can contract like human ventricles. Professor Moretti and her team were the first researchers in the world to successfully create organoids containing heart muscle cells (cardiomyocytes) and cells in the outer layer of the heart wall (epicardium). In the young history of cardiac organoids—the first of which was described in 2021—researchers have previously created organoids using only cardiomyocytes and cells from the inner lining of the heart wall, the endocardium.

"To understand how the heart is formed, epicardial cells are decisive," says Dr. Anna Meier, first author of the study. "Other cell types in the heart, such as those connecting tissues and blood vessels, are formed from these cells. The epicardium also plays a very important role in forming the heart chambers." Named "Epicardium".