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My Last Post
This is my final post on this site. While I still occasionally create mobile apps, this is no longer the sole focus of my work. This site will remain operational as it receives lots of traffic and still contains lots of useful information/links related to mobile development.
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Lifetime Value of App Marketing
There’s a recent article by prioridata on Lifetime Value (LTV) of app marketing. This obviously depends on things like your average revenue per user and retention.
Some great advice priordata gives is to have a “laser focus on the numbers”. You can read more in my post on the Mobile Acquisition Funnel and posts on analytics.
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Gartner Q1/17 Smartphone Sales
Gartner has new research that says Worldwide Sales of Smartphones Grew 9 Percent in First Quarter of 2017. Here’s the breakdown by operating system:
What’s significant is that the ‘Other OS’ category is now negligible at 0.2%. There are effectively only two mobile OS platforms, iOS and Android.
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Where are the IoT Mobile Opportunities?
I previously wrote about IoT and mobile and how IoT (still) needs custom development. Server side dashboards and remote apps are needed to control devices and visualise data. So, if you are thinking of getting into IoT apps, where are the opportunities?
McKinsey has a useful article where they estimate the potential impact of IoT on various industries:
‘Factory’ has the greatest opportunities. Don’t just listen to one analyst house. Argus Insights provide a different view of mindshare:
Again, industrial comes top. As with mobile apps over the last decade, the best opportunities for startups aren’t necessarily the higher profile consumer-led apps.
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RIoTboard Android 4.3 Board
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IoT and Mobile
I have been coming into contact with more IoT projects and have started going to IoT meetups. Whatever way I look at it, IoT seems to need custom solutions and custom software development. While platforms initially seem inter-operable via things such as MQTT or COAP, the data that sits on top of these is proprietary. Also, in a rush to create SaaS platforms, the facilities tend to be ‘lowest common denominator’ so if you want alerts, processing or dashboards specific to your particular industry then these aren’t available and you are instead usually encouraged to create your own via data available via HTTP/REST.
My conclusion has been IoT (still) needs custom development. This custom development also often involves mobile to provide for remote control, analysis, visualisation and the generation of alerts.
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RIoTboard Android 4.3 Board
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StackOverflow 2017 Developer Survey
StackOverflow has a new Developer Survey of over 64,000 developers. What’s surprising is that a large proportion of developers are new to software development. This is good because the industry needs more developers but it might be bad if you are looking for someone experienced to implement your project.
It’s interesting that iOS and Android now have numbers of developers of similar orders of magnitude to long time popular platforms such as Linux and Windows. There are also more Android developers than iOS developers:
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Not Impressed With Android O
I have been looking into Android O. and I have to say I am disappointed with the introduction of background limits. This post explains what this means for product owners, developers and the end-user experience.
Many apps, for example those that fetch data in background or scan for Bluetooth devices, do these things so that when the user gets to a particular screen, the data is already there. The most common way of doing this is using services. From Android O, services won’t be able to be run reliably in background unless they are foreground services – these are the sort that you might have seen, that have an icon permanently in the notifications bar. Google recommends services such as these be replaced by use of JobScheduler jobs.
Existing apps built against earlier Android versions aren’t affected. They will continue to be able to use background services. As with the previous permissions debacle, when updating apps (or even creating new ones), developers can avoid building against Android O. However, ‘you can run but you can’t hide‘. You will eventually need new features provided by Android O or later and have to consider what to do.
The long tail of apps, not created by large companies, don’t get updated and those that do minimise effort/cost. Developers wanting to build old apps against Android O will end up either a) promoting services to foreground causing lots of icons to become visible in the notifications bar or b) ignoring the problem or c) using JobScheduler. I suspect, due to limited development effort, most will pick a) or b). The affect of b) can already be seen in Android’ Doze mode that causes no messages to be seen when you pick up the phone and then tens of seconds later everything comes in. Expect more of this kind of ‘stuttering’ performance.
As with the introduction of the need for permissions dialogs, Google continue to make development more complex and costly while also compromising the user experience. I have to question whether Android dev team has it’s priorities right. What’s the obsession with crippling app background capability? This is one of the areas where Android is (currently) much more capable than iOS. In real use, it has been my experience that devices with lots of apps with lots of services don’t tend to flatten the battery. It’s using the phone, causing the power-hungry screen to be turned on, that mainly flattens the battery. There will always be a mix of old (pre ‘O’) and new (‘O’ +) apps on the device so Google won’t be stopping all background activity, so what’s to be gained by all this extra complexity?
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Cloud Functions
Firebase recently announced Cloud Functions that allow you to call into code running in Firebase from iOS and Android. This idea isn’t new and is similar to AWS Lambda. In fact, the idea is old in that Corba had callable server side code decades ago. However, the subtle difference this time is that code can be run without provisioning or managing servers.
So when might you use code at the server? It tends to be used when you need one or more of:
More computing power than available in the smartphone
When there’s need to access data, for example ‘big data’, not available on the smartphone
To protect intellectual property to secure code so that it can’t be reverse engineered or decompiled
In an era where developers are tending to use new, usually more complex, mechanisms just because they seem fun, rather than for valid business reasons, I encourage you to not use cloud functions ‘by default’ and instead use them for a valid reasons.
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Edge and Fog Computing
There’s a growing number of organisations thinking that cloud computing and the intermediate communications systems won’t eventually be able to cope with the extremely large number of IoT devices.
Computing near the IoT devices themselves, called Edge or Fog computing, will allow data to be filtered such that only pertinent data ends up in the cloud. It will also allow data to be cached when it can’t be sent yet. Also, there are classes of IoT ‘things’ that need local processing to remove the latency of otherwise using communications/cloud computing and thus provide more immediate alerts and information.
Edge devices can be the IoT devices themselves or low end devices such as Dell’s Edge gateway. They can also be intermediate gateway devices such as the Intel Edison.
An interesting prospect and opportunity for mobile developers is the use of smartphones as edge devices or even devices based on AndroidThings.
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When Your App Needs Updating
Too many companies view app development as a one off activity that can be outsourced (external or internal within the company) and then, once complete, not require the developer any more. However, most non trivial apps need ongoing support of some kind.
Things break. New phones are released and new versions of operating systems cause things to break or misbehave. People, perhaps working on things that the app connects with, change things that cause the app to need to be updated.
Things need investigating. Often there’s a need for 2nd line support to work out what’s happened – even if it’s ‘user error’ and not a fault of the app.
Things need improving. Almost every non trivial app I have worked on has undergone small changes after users have fed back how it can be improved.
Review criteria evolves. What passed Apple’s tight scrutiny a year ago might not pass now. Changing your app in any way might cause it to have to be further updated to meet tighter new criteria.
Factor in time and cost to update your app after it has been initially released. Talk to your app developer before this happens so you have some arrangements in place.
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Planet Gemini Keyboard Smartphone
Things go in and out of fashion and so it is with smartphones. In my early mobile career, the perceived (phone hardware) industry wisdom was that noone would ever want a phone without a physical number keypad. They said people need haptic feedback. They said none would type on a screen that has lots of oil and smudges on it having been placed next to the face. The iPhone proved they were wrong.
However, things have gone too far. While you can still get some phones with numeric keyboards, full keyboards for use by writers, bloggers or just ‘workers’ don’t exist any more. We have much better hardware, connectivity and apps since the earlier PDA days and now is arguably the time when full smartphone keyboards might be more useful.
Planet Computers have spotted the gap in the market. They have the Gemni PDA Android and Linux keyboard mobile device on Indiegogo. It was funded in just 2 days.
The Gemini is engineered by Martin Riddiford who helped develop Psion PDAs. You can read more about his latest design choices on medium.
This is one of the few crowdfunded things I have ever backed. It’s a compelling concept combining an old form factor but bringing it up to date with new ideas, hardware and software. However, note that none of the photos or videos show it actually working. It will be a large effort to make this thing real and more importantly glitch-free. Doing this for $000,000s rather than $0000,000s will be a challenge. The glitch-free part is important if the product is to have a good reputation and hence a future beyond the initial production. On the plus side, the team is experienced and has no legacy company baggage to slow them down. It will be an interesting journey.
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The Future of Smartphones and Apps
IDC has a new press release Smartphone Volumes Expected to Rebound in 2017 with a Five-Year Growth Rate of 3.8%, Driving Annual Shipments to 1.53 Billion by 2021.
“IDC doesn’t expect much change throughout the forecast with Android accounting for roughly 85% of smartphone shipments and Apple making up the rest.”
Despite the growth rates being low, remember these are growth rates, not shipments. A very large number of new smartphones are now being shipped every year.
What does this mean for mobile development? Dual Android/iOS app implementations will continue to be common. However, there’s a thought provoking press release at Mobile World Live (the press arm of the GSMA), where it’s suggested that consumers are tired of apps and bots might rule. I think the key word here is ‘consumers’ in that there’s currently too much emphasis on mobile and retail marketing. People are tired of retail marketing apps. Instead they want apps that do real stuff. Bots are part of this in that they can be used to more easily get things done. In the future, getting things done will increasingly involve VR, IoT, big data as well as bots. All these will need apps to implement the UI/visualisation parts. Mobile will become more of a tool rather than a retail marketing conduit.
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App Localisation Tips
There’s a useful new article by COBE on how they use Google sheets and the same keys to provide for localisations across iOS and Android. While the article is useful, here are some comments from past experience:
When using common keys, remember there will always be some error cases, and hence messages, on iOS and Android that aren’t on the other platform.
Localisation of strings without knowing their context can lead to misunderstandings. Review all changes in the UI, preferably by someone who is fluent in the target language.
Localisation sometimes hits problems with fitting strings to tight UI locations when strings are longer than expected. This tends to be where texts have been justified centre or right to fit.
Think about graphics that might also include text.
On giving clients or product owners the power to change the strings files, this relies on them correctly matching strings to locations in the app. Also, incorrectly specified special characters and hence characters codes in the strings will break builds.
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App Store Driven Revenue Model
Sensor Tower are reporting U.S. iPhone Users Spent An Average of $40 on Apps in 2016. This is an increase of $5 compared to the previous year. Games represent more than 80% of the revenue:
These numbers show that, unless you are developing games, an app store revenue-driven business model isn’t likely to be viable.
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App Privacy Policy Violations
Google is catching up with Apple in that they are starting to reject apps that collect personal information without a matching privacy policy. Developers of existing apps are also receiving emails about Google policy violations.
I have always found app T&Cs to be one of the most contentious parts of an app and one of the things that change most often prior to publishing. Someone tends to draft something and it subsequently gets changed in many subtle ways as it does the rounds in the company.
So how do you get your first draft? What if you are a ‘one man band’ and need something simple and suitable? Ali Muzaffar has a great blog post on the topic. There’s also a free policy generator by Nishant Srivastava based on Ali’s template.
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Serving Mobile Addicts
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Smartphone, App Privacy and Security
There’s a thought-provoking post by Carolin Milanesi of Creative Strategies on The Smartphone: Our Most Valued Possession When it Comes to Privacy and Security. Their study showed that security on smartphones matters most to consumers. However, security matters differently depending on the kind of service. For example, people expect tighter security for email clients than for social media apps.
While all this might seem obvious after inspection, it has implications for apps. Apps and hence developers need to apply a level of privacy and security appropriate to the app’s use. What you, as a developer, might think as an acceptable level of security might be different to consumers’ expectations or even the requirements of your business. These things can be important and demand extra consideration.
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Android Market Share at 81.7%
Gartner has new press release on smartphone sales. While Gartner concentrates on the battle between Apple and Samsung, the more interesting part for mobile developers is at the bottom of the press release where Android has extended its lead over iOS by 3.2%:
Android now has 81.7 market share. However, Google isn’t standing still and seems to be experimenting with replacing the kernel under Android and Chrome.
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