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Darwin Theory of Evolution
Evolution Theory
When conversations about Darwin and evolution get started, there is frequently a misunderstanding about definitions. Many people think that by evolution Darwinists are stating that species gradually change over time. This is not even close to what Darwin believed or what the implications are that logically follow from his hypothesis. Pretty much everyone agrees that species adapt and change over time; this is really just a natural occurrence from reproduction. Darwins Theory of Evolution
Natural Selection
Darwin's claim was a lot more than simply change over time. His theory was that all species descended from a common ancestor. He also stated that all different and new species could be explained by descent with modification. Darwin's theory of Natural Selection also led to separating humans from a divine Creator (a major goal of Darwin). If you follow his conclusions to their logical ends, then you come up with some fairly disturbing ideas.
Troubling Conclusions
By keeping a Creator out of the equation and relying only on Natural Selection and Survival of the Fittest, some troubling things emerge. First, slavery would have to be seen as acceptable and so would eugenics. They would be the natural end products of the strong using their advantages and the weak and handicapped being left to die off or even overtly killed. Gobekli Tepe
When you keep out the Divine you're left with only Naturalism or Materialism. To most people this view is quite a horrifying opinion of life. Darwin's second book, Descent of Man, is mostly about applying the Natural selection and survival of the fittest process to humans. The obvious results about slavery and eugenics are why it's usually soft pedaled by promoters of Darwinism. Although Charles Darwin himself was an ardent abolitionist, the controversial ideas his theories supported were seized and promoted or even implemented by evil people throughout history (Hitler, Margaret Sanger). This further discredited his views among people who actually took the time to read his books. If the theories are so good, why misinform and lie about them?
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What Is DNA?
DNA is a biological material that enables an individual to be identified against any other individual anywhere in the world. It is the most effective subject for determining whether two or more individuals are biologically related, and it is of vital importance in solving crime and determining paternity. But most people don't know a great deal about what DNA actually is, how it works and why it is the subject of so much research and so much development spending.
DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic acid, is a material found in us all, profiling what we're like and where we've come from. It's passed down to us from our parents, where we receive half of our DNA maternally and half our DNA paternally. The DNA itself contains the instruction or blueprint for life, and controls the function of the cells as well as being a perfect indicator of ancestry and biological relations. Prehistory
DNA is made up of various nucleotides, and is essentially made up of amino acids, and it is matched with the so-called bases which provide the key to determining the genetic blueprint. DNA can be extracted from a range of sources, including samples of hair, cigarette butts, blood, razor clippings or saliva. Thus it is relatively easy to obtain samples, which can then be tested in a laboratory to determine any genetic relationships that may be present.
DNA Structures
In all that we see in nature, the principle that we usually see is that form follows function. This is because in almost all creatures and plants, the unique features that they have serve a purpose. One example of this includes how some creatures are able to camouflage themselves within their background because their skin color allows them to do so. Other examples include birds with specially shaped beaks to help them catch prey, and the woodpecker is a good example of this. However, this principle does not only apply to the physical attributes of animals and plants as this principle is also followed up to the molecular level. This is seen on how the structure of the most basic genetic molecule, which is DNA also follows this principle. Prehistoric age
The function of DNA is for replication and the transfer of genetic information. Given this, it can be expected that the structure of DNA would be designed to serve these functions. For its replication function, the two-strand structure of DNA molecule allows for the separation of these two strands to be able to bind with newly developing DNA molecule. This means that the two strands can "give birth" to a limitless number of DNA molecules as long as the replication process goes on.
DNA Genetic Testing
DNA genetic testing is one of the newest and most sophisticated techniques that have been so useful to most people. As the genes carry a person's unique traits and attributes, these micro components have been used in several useful ways. This article will give you a primer on it. Linked Genes
DNA genetic testing was first used to verify paternity or to confirm if the alleged father is the biological father of a child. This has been useful in court cases like concerns on financial support and custody. It has also been used to determine one's family tree. Through an intensive analysis of the human Y-chromosomes and the mitochondrial DNA testing, information about the similarities of characteristics among people who have a common ancestor will be given. Furthermore, generic DNA tests may also help you determine your ancestry. Some do this procedure to determine their ancestral races.
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DNA, what exactly is DNA?
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, and it is a nucleic acid that contains all of the genetic instructions utilized in the development of all existing living organisms. It's a chemical that exists in the chromosomes inside the nucleus of nearly all cells. Nearly every cell in a persons' body has the same DNA. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus, where it's known by the name of nuclear DNA, and a small amount of DNA can also be found existing in the mitochondria, where it's known by the name of mitochondrial DNA. Prehistory
Study of DNA Genetic Testing
The study of DNA and genetics is one area of science which is not only theoretically fascinating but also practically useful in many ways. One of the main applications of the growing understanding of DNA and the role that human genes play in people's lives is various forms of DNA genetic testing. This is a process which has a wide variety of applications and each of them is useful to people in different ways. We'll now take a look at various forms of DNA genetic testing and what they are used for.
One area of genetic testing which is commonly undertaken is that relating to genetic diseases. It is possible to carry out DNA genetic testing on an adult human in order to determine if they have genes in their makeup which will lead to a serious illness or adverse health condition later in their life. This is possible to detect before the disease shows any symptoms whatsoever. A huge advantage of this form of early testing is the extra time both the patient and the doctor have to put into place preventative and coping methods which can help a person navigate the challenges of their health and live as fuller life as possible. Prehistoric age
Another use for this type of testing is to screen fetuses in the womb to make sure they are developing correctly and have no genetic abnormalities. Some of the conditions which can be detected by foetal DNA genetic testing include Down syndrome. The parents of a foetus that has tested positive for some form of DNA genetic disorder have a range of options. They may wish to terminate the pregnancy in order to spare the child from living a life of illness.
Structure of DNA-How is the DNA structured?
In essence the DNA molecule is made of two strands coiled around each other in the shape, known by the name of a double helix-which is a sort of spiral shown by the above diagram. The genetic instructions are in the form of a chemical code made up of four bases (A, T, C and G). These bases bond together in pairs, forming cross-links. A pairs with T and C pairs with G. This is due to a base pairing rule which allows only these two sets of pairings. This rule is known by the name of complementary base pairing. A stands for adenine, T stands for thymine, G stands for guanine and lastly C stands for cytosine. Human DNA consists of about 3 billion bases, and more than 99 percents of those bases are identical in all people! Linked Genes
What Are Genes?
The highly complex structures known by the name of chromosomes contain the perfect recipe for making a living thing. They exist in almost every cell's nucleus and are made from strands of DNA. Parts of DNA known as genes are the ingredients. Each gene adds a specific protein to the recipe. Proteins build, regulate and maintain your body. For instance, they build bones, enable muscular movement, control the complex process of digestion, and maintain the pumping of your heart. In short, a gene is essentially a region of the chromosome that carries information about, and controls, a particular characteristic. Genes are made up of the four bases (chemicals) that hold the two strands of the DNA molecule together.
The order (or sequence) of the bases provides the genetic code (instructions) that controls cell activity. Each gene has a different sequence of bases. The DNA molecules in a cell form a complete set of instructions for how the organism should be constructed and how its individual cells should work.
Genes that control characteristics can have different versions. Where there are different versions, one version will be dominant, and one will be recessive. For example, an individual's ability to roll their tongue is due to a dominant characteristic.
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DNA and Genes - A Brief Explanation
DNA, what exactly is DNA?
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, and it is a nucleic acid that contains all of the genetic instructions utilized in the development of all existing living organisms. It's a chemical that exists in the chromosomes inside the nucleus of nearly all cells. Nearly every cell in a persons' body has the same DNA. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus, where it's known by the name of nuclear DNA, and a small amount of DNA can also be found existing in the mitochondria, where it's known by the name of mitochondrial DNA. Gobekli Tepe
Structure of DNA-How is the DNA structured?
In essence the DNA molecule is made of two strands coiled around each other in the shape, known by the name of a double helix-which is a sort of spiral shown by the above diagram. The genetic instructions are in the form of a chemical code made up of four bases (A, T, C and G). These bases bond together in pairs, forming cross-links. A pairs with T and C pairs with G. This is due to a base pairing rule which allows only these two sets of pairings. This rule is known by the name of complementary base pairing. A stands for adenine, T stands for thymine, G stands for guanine and lastly C stands for cytosine. Human DNA consists of about 3 billion bases, and more than 99 percents of those bases are identical in all people!
What is the DNA responsible for?
DNA is essentially a ''string of genes'' and each gene codes for a particular characteristic such as hair colour, eye colour etc. As I have stated earlier the DNA exists in the nucleus of the cell but the occupation it has, the responsibility is carried out in the cytoplasm of the cell. In other words, the complex process of protein synthesis is the responsibility of the DNA and it is executed in the cell cytoplasm. Protein synthesis is a remarkably complex process in which new proteins are created in living things according to codes or instructions given by the DNA. But since the DNA is restricted to the nucleus it needs someone else to deliver the message to the cytoplasm to tell it what proteins to make. This messenger is known by the name of messenger RNA (mRNA) the production of mRNA is called Transcription. The mRNA travels into the cytoplasm to the ribosomes where the proteins are then made. There's another type of RNA which you should learn about, it's called transfer RNA (tRNA). The tRNA puts the amino acids into the correct order to make a specific protein. This process is called translation. Also the DNA engages in a complex process known as DNA Replication. DNA Replication is a remarkably complex biological process in which an entire double stranded DNA is copied to produce a second identical DNA double helix. Mayan ruins mexico
What is the relationship between DNA, Chromosomes and Genes?
The number of chromosomes pairs the human cells have is 23. The chromosomes serve the crucial purpose being a structure that holds the most prized item by far: the holy DNA! The DNA acts as a complete set of highly complicated instructions that instructs our bodies how to develop.
What Are Genes?
The highly complex structures known by the name of chromosomes contain the perfect recipe for making a living thing. They exist in almost every cell's nucleus and are made from strands of DNA. Parts of DNA known as genes are the ingredients. Each gene adds a specific protein to the recipe. Proteins build, regulate and maintain your body. For instance, they build bones, enable muscular movement, control the complex process of digestion, and maintain the pumping of your heart. In short, a gene is essentially a region of the chromosome that carries information about, and controls, a particular characteristic. Genes are made up of the four bases (chemicals) that hold the two strands of the DNA molecule together. Standing stones
The order (or sequence) of the bases provides the genetic code (instructions) that controls cell activity. Each gene has a different sequence of bases. The DNA molecules in a cell form a complete set of instructions for how the organism should be constructed and how its individual cells should work.
Genes that control characteristics can have different versions. Where there are different versions, one version will be dominant, and one will be recessive. For example, an individual's ability to roll their tongue is due to a dominant characteristic.
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Study of DNA Genetic Testing
The study of DNA and genetics is one area of science which is not only theoretically fascinating but also practically useful in many ways. One of the main applications of the growing understanding of DNA and the role that human genes play in people's lives is various forms of DNA genetic testing. This is a process which has a wide variety of applications and each of them is useful to people in different ways. We'll now take a look at various forms of DNA genetic testing and what they are used for.
One area of genetic testing which is commonly undertaken is that relating to genetic diseases. It is possible to carry out DNA genetic testing on an adult human in order to determine if they have genes in their makeup which will lead to a serious illness or adverse health condition later in their life. This is possible to detect before the disease shows any symptoms whatsoever. A huge advantage of this form of early testing is the extra time both the patient and the doctor have to put into place preventative and coping methods which can help a person navigate the challenges of their health and live as fuller life as possible. DNA Genetics
Another use for this type of testing is to screen fetuses in the womb to make sure they are developing correctly and have no genetic abnormalities. Some of the conditions which can be detected by foetal DNA genetic testing include Down syndrome. The parents of a foetus that has tested positive for some form of DNA genetic disorder have a range of options. They may wish to terminate the pregnancy in order to spare the child from living a life of illness.
Gregorian calendar
Most people have no idea how old calendars are, or how interesting their history can be. Classic Jewish dating in their calendar system runs into the thousands of years, currently. Traditional Chinese calendars also currently look at time in those same thousands of years. The Gregorian calendar, which is the system of date-keeping accepted for worldwide use in commerce and general historical tracking, is a revision of the old Julian calendar.
As a matter of history, our present day calendar is a result of a Papal Bull issued by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582. Given the dominance of Roman Catholicism in Western Civilization at the time, it should come as no surprise, then, that this calendar was instituted in order to account for a drift in the dates of significant religious observations, such as Easter, in the church calendar. The Gregorian method also ensured that no such further drift would occur again, at least over several centuries.
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