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Napoleon Abueva's long and productive vocation as a sculptor has loaned him the official title of the National Artist of the Philippines, and the informal acknowledgment of being the Father of Contemporary Filipino Figure. Abueva’s influence on Filipino art has been immense, and his skill as a sculpture span material as varied as wood, bronze, coral, and stone (Ewa Zubek, 2016).  Abueva over time have created a lot of his own sculptures. These works have different symbolism and meaning depending on its structure. The purpose of his public works reflects the way how it inspires respect for previous generations and remind the viewers of the past of heroism and of the moments that made the history. “An artist must possess the inner drive, passion, and loneliness of a long-distance runner to go very far.”

One of Abueva’s memorable art works is the “Nine Muses of Arts” also known as the “Siyam na diwata ng Sining” which is situated at UP Diliman’s Campus and is placed on a ring-shaped pedestal hollow as a tribute to arts. This sculpture is a nude sculpture of nine muses and essentially represents different genres in Philippine Literature. It symbolizes architecture, dance, film, literature, music, painting, photography, sculpture, and theatre which can be seen by the eye. Each muse has different structure depending on what they portray. The first muse represents architecture, the second muse represents dance, the third muse represents film, the fourth muse represents literature and so on the other muses. This sculpture is very inspiring to Filipinos because it shows how time flies so fast and that the Philippine Literature has been remarkably treasured up until now. There may be new existing forms and types of literature but Filipinos really puts an emphasis to our history of Philippine Literature. In addition, Abueva gets his motivation from a scope of sources, including well known folklore, history and everyday life.

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RA 10175 CYBERCRIME PREVENTION ACT

This law aims to regulate access to and use of the cyberspace and imposes penalties for violations. Section 1. Title. — This Act shall be known as the "Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012″.

Section 8. Penalties. — Any person found guilty of any of the punishable acts enumerated in Sections 4(a) and 4(b) of this Act shall be punished with imprisonment of prision mayor or a fine of at least Two hundred thousand pesos (PhP200,000.00) up to a maximum amount commensurate to the damage incurred or both.

Any person found guilty of the punishable act under Section 4(a)(5) shall be punished with imprisonment of prision mayor or a fine of not more than Five hundred thousand pesos.

AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT: This law can be improve by updating it. This law should consider punishable acts like affecting the personal identity of a person since he/she is much disturb by  this crime related to cyber.

https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2012/ra_10175_2012.html

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RA 4200 ANTI-WIRE TAPPING ACT

Section 1. It shall be unlawful for any person, not being authorized by all the parties to any private communication or spoken word, to tap any wire or cable, or by using any other device or arrangement, to secretly overhear, intercept, or record such communication or spoken word by using a device commonly known as a dictaphone or dictagraph or dictaphone or walkie-talkie or tape recorder, or however otherwise described.

Section 4. Any communication or spoken word, or the existence, contents, substance, purport, effect, or meaning of the same or any part thereof, or any information therein contained obtained or secured by any person in violation of the preceding sections of this Act shall not be admissible in evidence in any judicial, quasi-judicial, legislative or administrative hearing or investigation.

Section 5. All laws inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed or accordingly amended.

AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT: This law can be improve by adding a punishable act wherein an individual tampers any wire in any electric devices without an authorization of a person in a secretive manner. And this law should cater everyone liable for this act.

https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1965/ra_4200_1965.html

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RA 9239 OPTICAL MEDIA ACT

Optical Media refers to discs that are read by a laser. This includes CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, and all the variations of the two formats – CD-R, CD-RW, DVD+R, Blu-ray, and many others.

Section 1. Title. - These Rules shall be referred to as the Implementing Rules and Regulations of the Optical Media Act of 2003.

Rule 1- Offenses And Penalties Section 1. Administrative Sanctions. - Without prejudice to the to the filing of criminal or civil actions in appropriate cases, the OMB shall file administrative complaints against and impose administrative penalties in the following cases:

a) Closure of establishment, confiscation of manufacturing equipment, parts, materials or optical media products and/or a fine of not less than Php 300,000.00, but not more than Php 1,500,000.00, shall be imposed upon any person, establishment or entity who shall commit any of the following:

(1) Engage in one or more of the businesses or activities enumerated under Section 1, Rule 1, Title II, without registering with and/or securing a license from the OMB. Provided, that, the conduct of any business activity in any place other than the place or location registered and licensed by the OMB, shall be deemed as engaging in the said business or activity without the necessary registration or license, as the case may be; Provided, further, that any person, establishment or entity who fails to renew an expired license within thirty (30) days from the date of expiration shall be penalized under subsection (j), or

(2) Employ fraud or misrepresentation or otherwise furnish the OMB with any false or misleading information in connection with any registration statement or application for or renewal of a license.

AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT: This law can be improve by updating it, given that it is already out-dated. The laws should consider the advancement of technology this time considering the new devices are existing such as flash drives and internal storage of a device.

 http://www.iplaw.ph/ip-laws/bnu_iplaws_ra9239_rr.html

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RA 8484 ACCESS DEVICES REGULATION ACT

Section 4. Credit Card Application and Solicitation. – Any application to open a credit card account for any person under an open-end credit plan or a solicitation to open such an account, either by mail, telephone or other means, shall disclose in writing or orally, as the case may be, the following information.

Section 6. Exceptions. – The disclosures required under Section 4 of this Act may be omitted in any telephone solicitation or application if the credit card issuer:

(a) does not impose any fee in connection with paragraph (b)(1), Section 4 of this Act;

(b) does not impose any fee in connection with telephone solicitation unless the consumer signifies acceptance by using the card;

(c) discloses clearly the information described in Section 4 of this Act in writing within thirty (30) days after the consumer requests the card, but in no event later than the date of delivery of the card; and

(d) discloses clearly that the consumer is not obligated to accept the card or account and the consumer will not be obligated to pay any fees or charges disclosed unless the consumer elects to accept the card or account by using the card.

Section 10. Penalties. – Any person committing any of the acts constituting access device fraud enumerated in the immediately preceding section shall be punished with:

(a) a fine of Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00) or twice the value obtained by the offense, whichever is greater and imprisonment for not less than six (6) years and not more than ten (10) years, in the case of an offense under Section 9 (b)-(e), and (g)-(p) which does not occur after a conviction for another offense under Section 9;

(b) a fine of Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00) or twice the value obtained by the offense, and imprisonment for not less than ten (10) years and for not more than twelve (12) years, in the case of an offense under Section 9 (a), and (f) of the foregoing section, which does not occur after a conviction for another offense under Section 9; and

(c) a fine of Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00) or twice the value obtained by the offense, or imprisonment for not less than twelve (12) years and not more than twenty (20) years, or both, in the case of any offense under Section 9, which occurs after a conviction for another offense under said subsection, or an attempt to commit the same.

AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT: This law can be improve by securing the personal information and identity of an individual during transaction periods, just like in RA 8792 E-COMMERCE ACT OF 2000. Through this way, the law will be able to secure a person’s identity and information at the same time punishes individuals committing such crime.

 https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1998/ra_8484_1998.html

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RA 8792 E-COMMERCE ACT OF 2000

Section 3. Objective - This Act aims to facilitate domestic and international dealings, transactions, arrangements agreements, contracts and exchanges and storage of information through the utilization of electronic, optical and similar medium, mode, instrumentality and technology to recognize the authenticity and reliability of electronic documents related to such activities and to promote the universal use of electronic transaction in the government and general public.

Section 33. Penalties. - The following Acts, shall be penalized by fine and/or imprisonment, as follows:

(a) Hacking or crackling with refers to unauthorized access into or interference in a computer system/server or information and communication system; or any access in order to corrupt, alter, steal, or destroy using a computer or other similar information and communication devices, without the knowledge and consent of the owner of the computer or information and communications system, including the introduction of computer viruses and the like, resulting in the corruption, destruction, alteration, theft or loss of electronic data messages or electronic documents shall be punished by a minimum fine of One Hundred Thousand pesos (P 100,000.00) and a maximum commensurate to the damage incurred and a mandatory imprisonment of six (6) months to three (3) years;

(b) Piracy or the unauthorized copying, reproduction, dissemination, or distribution, importation, use, removal, alteration, substitution, modification, storage, uploading, downloading, communication, making available to the public, or broadcasting of protected material, electronic signature or copyrighted works including legally protected sound recordings or phonograms or information material on protected works, through the use of telecommunication networks, such as, but not limited to, the internet, in a manner that infringes intellectual property rights shall be punished by a minimum fine of one hundred thousand pesos (P 100,000.00) and a maximum commensurate to the damage incurred and a mandatory imprisonment of six (6) months to three (3) years;

(c) Violations of the Consumer Act of Republic Act No. 7394 and other relevant to pertinent laws through transaction covered by or using electronic data messages or electronic documents, shall be penalized with the same penalties as provided in those laws;

(d) Other violations of the provisions of this Act, shall be penalized with a maximum penalty of one million pesos (P 1,000,000.00) or six (6) years imprisonment.

AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT: This law can be improve by securing the personal information and identity of an individual during transaction periods. Through this way, unexpected incidents will be minimize.

https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2000/ra_8792_2000.html

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RA 9775 ANTI-CHILD PORNOGRAPHY ACT

The law makes it a crime to involve a child in any sexual engagements. A child refers to below 18 years of age. Anyone who hire, produce, publish or distribute of any forms of child pornography are punished.

Section 15. Penalties and Sanctions. - The following penalties and sanctions are hereby established for offenses enumerated in this Act:

(a) Any person found guilty of syndicated child pornography as defined in Section 5 of this Act shall suffer the penalty of reclusion perpetua and a fine of not less than Two million pesos (Php2,000,000.00) but not more than Five million pesos (Php5,000,000.00);

(b) Any person found guilty of violating Section 4(a), (b) and (c) of this Act shall suffer the penalty of reclusion temporal in its maximum period and a fine of not less than One million pesos (Php1,000,000.00) but not more than Two million (Php2,000,000.00);

(c) Any person found guilty of violating Section 4(d), (e) and (f) of this Act shall suffer the penalty of reclusion temporal in its medium period and a fine of not less than Seven hundred fifty thousand pesos (Php750,000.00) but not more than One million pesos (Php1,000,000.00);

Section 17. Confiscation and Forfeiture of the Proceeds, Tools and Instruments Used in Child Pornography. - In addition to the penalty imposed for the violation of this Act, the court shall order the confiscation and forfeiture in favor of the government of all the proceeds, tools and instruments used in the commission of the crime, unless they are the property of a third person not liable for the unlawful act; Provided, however, That all awards for damages shall be taken from the personal and separate properties of the offender; Provided, further, That if such properties are insufficient, the deficiency shall be taken from the confiscated and forfeited proceeds, tools and instruments.

All proceeds derived from the sale of properties used for the commission of any form of child pornography shall accrue to the special account of the DSWD which shall be used exclusively for the implementation of this Act.

When the proceeds, tools and instruments used in the commission of the offense have been destroyed diminished in value or otherwise rendered worthless by any act or omission, directly or indirectly, of the offender, or it has been concealed, removed, converted or transferred to prevent the same from being found or to avoid forfeiture or confiscation, the offender shall be ordered to pay the amount equal to the value of the proceeds, tools and instruments used in the commission of the offense.1avvphi1

AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT: This law can be improve by providing a thousand virtual character just like “Sweetie” in order to catch thousand child predators. Through this way, it shows how effective the law RA 9775 ANTI-CHILD PORNOGRAPHY ACT in the Philippine context.

 https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2009/ra_9775_2009.html

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RA 9995 ANTI-PHOTO & VIDEO VOYEURISM ACT

Section 2. Declaration of Policy. - The State values the dignity and privacy of every human person and guarantees full respect for human rights. Toward this end, the State shall penalize acts that would destroy the honor, dignity and integrity of a person.

Section 4. Prohibited Acts. - It is hereby prohibited and declared unlawful for any person:

(a) To take photo or video coverage of a person or group of persons performing sexual act or any similar activity or to capture an image of the private area of a person/s such as the naked or undergarment clad genitals, public area, buttocks or female breast without the consent of the person/s involved and under circumstances in which the person/s has/have a reasonable expectation of privacy;

(b) To copy or reproduce, or to cause to be copied or reproduced, such photo or video or recording of sexual act or any similar activity with or without consideration;

Section 5. Penalties. - The penalty of imprisonment of not less that three (3) years but not more than seven (7) years and a fine of not less than One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) but not more than Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00), or both, at the discretion of the court shall be imposed upon any person found guilty of violating Section 4 of this Act.

Ø  If the violator is a juridical person, its license or franchise shall be automatically be deemed revoked and the persons liable shall be the officers thereof including the editor and reporter in the case of print media, and the station manager, editor and broadcaster in the case of a broadcast media.

Ø  If the offender is a public officer or employee, or a professional, he/she shall be administratively liable.

Section 6. Exemption. - Nothing contained in this Act, however, shall render it unlawful or punishable for any peace officer, who is authorized by a written order of the court, to use the record or any copy thereof as evidence in any civil, criminal investigation or trial of the crime of photo or video voyeurism: Provided, That such written order shall only be issued or granted upon written application and the examination under oath or affirmation of the applicant and the witnesses he/she may produce, and upon showing that there are reasonable grounds to believe that photo or video voyeurism has been committed or is about to be committed, and that the evidence to be obtained is essential to the conviction of any person for, or to the solution or prevention of such, crime.

Section 7. Inadmissibility of Evidence. - Any record, photo or video, or copy thereof, obtained or secured by any person in violation of the preceding sections shall not be admissible in evidence in any judicial, quasi-judicial, legislative or administrative hearing or investigation.1avvphi1.

AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT: This law can be improve by declaring any person who contains a photo, video and audio recording on his/her cellular phone and personal computer and other means own by a person personally.

https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2010/ra_9995_2010.html

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RA 8293 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Section 212. Limitations on Rights. - Sections 203, 208 and 209 shall not apply where the acts referred to in those Sections are related to:

Section 217. Criminal Penalties. - 217.1. Any person infringing any right secured by provisions of Part IV of this Act or aiding or abetting such infringement shall be guilty of a crime punishable by:

(a)   Imprisonment of one (1) year to three (3) years plus a fine ranging from Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000) to One hundred fifty thousand pesos (P150,000) for the first offense.

(b)   Imprisonment of three (3) years and one (1) day to six (6) years plus a fine ranging from One hundred fifty thousand pesos (P150,000) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000) for the second offense.

(c)    Imprisonment of six (6) years and one (1) day to nine (9) years plus a fine ranging from five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000) to One million five hundred thousand pesos (P1,500,000) for the third and subsequent offenses.

(d)   In all cases, subsidiary imprisonment in cases of insolvency.

217.2. In determining the number of years of imprisonment and the amount of fine, the court shall consider the value of the infringing materials that the defendant has produced or manufactured and the damage that the copyright owner has suffered by reason of the infringement.

217.3. Any person who at the time when copyright subsists in a work has in his possession an article which he knows, or ought to know, to be an infringing copy of the work for the purpose of:

(a) Selling, letting for hire, or by way of trade offering or exposing for sale, or hire, the article;

(b) Distributing the article for purpose of trade, or for any other purpose to an extent that will prejudice the rights of the copyright owner in the work; or

(c) Trade exhibit of the article in public, shall be guilty of an offense and shall be liable on conviction to imprisonment and fine as above mentioned. (Sec. 29, P.D. No. 49a).

AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT: This law can be improve by updating it and to thereby protect and secure the rights of every individual in relation to their intellectual and industrial property, not just those professional individuals.

 https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1997/ra_8293_1997.html

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ICT as a Platform for Change

Activity #1 As a digital citizen, I would use the power of technology in an appropriate and respective manner. I will spread information that can benefit other people and especially the society’s existing problems. I will utilize properly the means of technology because I believe that through this, I will be able to educate mand encourage others to do the same way. Instead of using technology as a leisure, I will make it as an instrument for change. 

Activity #2 Element Title: DIGITAL ACCESS Definition: Digital citizenship can be defined as the norms of appropriate, responsible behavior with regard to technology use. Digital Access is the full electronic participation in society. Technology users need to be aware that not everyone has the same opportunities when it comes to technology. 

Importance: The Importance of Increasing Access to Digital Learning Tools. As technology becomes increasingly essential in our daily lives, students need to develop new skills in order to succeed. Within the classroom, students may be required to use tablets, complete online research, and take digitized assessments. 

Advantage: Connectivity: Keep in touch with family and friends worldwide through social media, email, Skype and Facetime. In turn using the internet will build citizen confidence and wellbeing and can reduce the feeling of isolation. 

Disadvantage: It's become much harder to have personal privacy in the digital world and that's on top of the dangers of your personal data being stolen or sold. For instance, everybody has the ability to take photos and video footage on their mobile phone, then post it online

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Interactive Multimedia

Interactive multimedia, any computer-delivered electronic system that allows the user to control, combine, and manipulate different types of media, such as text, sound, video, computer graphics, and animation. From all the Interactive Multimedia that we have discussed from the previous lesson, I prefer the use of Interactive Media in terms of educational purposes.

Example Websites: Edmodo and Quipper 

Importance: Interactive multimedia have become so powerful in this generation. Many students rely on the use of technology in making their assignments and other educational stuffs. Thus, the use of interactive multimedia contributes a lot, since it allows students to communicate to their teachers and classmates in a most efficient and fastest way. A very good example of this, is Edmodo and Quipper. Both of these websites is a two-way communication website wherein both the students and teachers are able to communicate and socialize with each other.

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Google Tool

Question: What Google Tool is best for you and why? You may include situation where it is helpful in work, school or community. 

Answer: After the group reporting, I realized that Creative Commons/Usage Right Filter is very important. This tool allows individual to use the appropriate and licensed image which they prefer. With the help of this tool, an individual is able to know if a certain image is applicable to be duplicated and copied. It also filters images that which the owner desires to protect. There are certain types of Usage Right Filter which depends on the purpose of an individual. As a student, this google tool is very helpful for me because it guides me in choosing and designing the right image to be downloaded for academic purposes.

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Online Safety, Security, Ethics, and Etiquette

Question: Share an experience that you have always tend to do but later did you discover that it is not a standard of ONLINE SAFETY, SECURITY, ETHICS,  AND ETIQUETTE.

Answer:

              Lately, about a week ago, I was using the internet. I was browsing in my Facebook, uploading photos in my social medias and watching videos to just simply waste my time. Then after, I was about to open my Google Account, but there is a command that suddenly pop up and I just neglect it, I did not mind it. Minutes after, there is a certain condition that pops up, I did not hesitate to read it because I was thinking that it is just nothing. After I log in to my Google Account, I just agree to the condition that pops up without even knowing it. Meanwhile, there are a lot of conditions that appears on the screen. It appears continuously and I don’t even know what had happened. Then, I get worried because it might harm my privacy and personal information related to my social medias.

              In summary, this experience of mine, is really not a standard in using Online Safety, Security, Ethics and Etiquette.

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Information Communication and Technology

1. Which sector (business, education, energy, health, entertainment, manufacturing, construction and etc.) do you think had the biggest impact in terms of effect of ICT in the Philippines? Give a brief statement explaining how did this sector contributed from ICT.

 Answer: For me, business had the biggest impact in terms of the effect of Information Computer and Technology in the Philippines. Considering the advancement of technologies, the stuffs related to business has also undergo to its new phase. Business has grown worldwide, thus Information Computer and Technology takes part of the process of changing the concepts of this matter.

2. Name an application or website that helped you in your life as a person and also tell how this application or website helped you.

 Answer: For me, Google Chrome really helped me a lot, in terms of educational stuff and practical concepts in life. This website allows me to know more things and explore new means. It contributes to the limited knowledge that I have, thus, now as I have been using this, I was able to look out for things easier and more convenient.