Journal of Lab Animal Research Jlar publishes the results of original papers, case reports, and reviews on all aspects of the care and use of animals in research. jlar.rovedar.com
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The CRISPR-Cas9 system has revolutionized genome editing, offering unprecedented precision and efficiency in gene modification. Its potential in cancer therapy, particularly oncolytic gene therapy, has garnered significant attention, especially with the development of advanced delivery platforms. However, effective and safe in vivo delivery of CRISPR components remains a major barrier to clinical translation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of viral and non-viral nanocarrier systems for CRISPR-Cas9 delivery, with a particular focus on their application in xenograft models of cancer.
Available at :https://jlar.rovedar.com/index.php/JLAR/article/view/66
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Aframomum pruinosum seeds have been widely used in traditional medicine to treat lung infections as a cytoprotective plant-derived medicine. The present study investigated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of A. pruinosum in Wistar rats subjected to bleomycin-induced lung injury.
Available at :https://jlar.rovedar.com/index.php/JLAR/article/view/59
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Biodegradable composite biomaterials are essential in healthcare, effectively tackling numerous complex challenges. Bone reconstruction is a surgical procedure aimed at remedying segmental bone loss, which is notably complicated and often fails to heal properly. A novel bone graft substitute incorporating polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) has been developed and is tested in vivo in calvarial defect models of rat. The present study aimed to evaluate the bone regeneration potential of PVA – HA composite bone graft.
Materials and methods: A total of 24 adult male Wistar rats aged 12-15 weeks with an average weight of 150 grams were used in the current study. A 4 mm full-thickness critical-size defect was created on the parietal bone and filled with the pre-sized graft material. Radiography, micro-computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy, histology, and serum biochemical parameters, including alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activity, were utilized to evaluate the healing potential of the graft material. The animals were observed for twelve weeks. An immediate postoperative dorsoventral view of the skull was exposed at day zero and subsequent radiographs were taken periodically at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12 in a group including 24 animals.
Results: Immediate post-operative radiographs revealed the radiolucent nature of the graft material. Throughout the healing process, it was observed that the graft remained in position and was intact. The values of serum biochemical parameters alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activity) were haphazard throughout the observation period. In the 8th week, signs of progressive degradation of the graft material and bone regeneration could be seen, particularly on radiography, micro-CT scanning electron microscopy, and histologic examination.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the test graft material successfully accelerated bone regeneration and completely integrated with the host bone at week 12 of the experiment in the rat model.
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Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a multitudinous metabolic disorder that can occur due to insufficient or inefficient levels of insulin that leads to hyperglycemia. In many conditions, diabetes can also directly or indirectly lead to other functional disorders such as dyslipidemia and hypertension making them more severe and life-threatening. It is believed that Type 1 Diabetes can be caused by to process of auto-immune destruction of beta-cells of Islet of Langerhans of the pancreas responsible for the production of insulin whereas Type 2 diabetes is because of resistance against insulin along with the futilities of beta-cells to compensate the body with the required amount of insulin. The animal models are considered an essential component in the experimental studies and drug discovery process. Animal models provide safety, effectiveness, and dose of the test substance that needs to be extrapolated to human use. There are several methods for the induction of diabetes in experimental animal models. The present review aimed to discuss and explore currently used approaches including models from streptozotocin-induced diabetes to transgenic models for reproducible and safe diabetes induction in different experimental animals (rats, mice, guinea pigs, and dogs) and sex. Additionally, some genetically modified animal models are also included and discussed in this review which will pave the way for further studies.
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JLAR is indexed in CAS.
#translation #applied #linguistics #language #teaching #research #language #animal_lab #animal_laboratory #google_Scholar #pkp
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It is important to capture wild animals with minimal stress to reduce morbidity and mortality. Oral premeditates have the potential to reduce stress during handling and ease the subsequent administration of anesthetic drugs. This study was conducted to evaluate the hematological and serum biochemical changes associated with anesthesia in male Bonnet Macaques using haloperidol or chlordiazepoxide premedication.
Materials and methods: Twelve adult male Bonnet Macaques aged around 4 to 6 years were randomly allotted to two groups of six each. The duration of the study was five hours. Animals of Group I were administered chlordiazepoxide (10 mg/kg body weight) orally and animals of Group II were administered haloperidol (1 mg/kg body weight) orally four hours before anesthetizing with the intramuscular injection of midazolam (0.1 mg/kg) and ketamine (10 mg/kg). Hematological parameters such as hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte, total leucocyte count, the volume of packed red cells, granulocyte, monocyte, and lymphocyte count were evaluated. Biochemical parameters such as creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, cortisol, glucose, calcium, sodium, and potassium were evaluated from the venous blood sample collected at 0th minute and 30th minute after induction of anesthesia.
Results: The results of the current study indicate that in hematological parameters, the volume of packed cells was significantly different at 0th and 30th minute in both groups. The total leucocyte count was significantly different at 0th and 30th minute in Group I and Group Ⅱ, and the monocyte count was significantly different at 0th and 30th minute in Group I. For biochemical parameters, a significant difference was observed in creatine kinase in group II at 0th and 30th minute and cortisol at time 0th between Group I and Group II.
Conclusion: These results highlight the impact of anesthesia protocols on stress responses in Bonnet Macaques. Haloperidol premedication was linked to a greater increase in cortisol and creatine kina
#translation #applied #linguistics #language #teaching #research #language #animal_lab #animal_laboratory #google_Scholar #pkp
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Indexing and Archiving
JLAR is indexed in AGRIS.
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Visceral pain, originating from internal organs, represents a challenging aspect of pain management due to its intricate mechanisms and often debilitating nature. Understanding the underlying pathways involved in visceral pain perception is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies. The current study aimed to delve into recent advancements in the understanding of cannabinergic modulation of visceral pain perception, focusing on findings from interventional studies utilizing animal models, particularly rats.
Materials and methods: A total of 30 male rats aged 3 months, with an average weight of 220 g were randomly divided into 3 groups. The groups contained the control group which received an intraperitoneal injection of normal saline, the second group received an intraperitoneal injection of anandamide (2 mg/kg), and the third group received an intraperitoneal injection of tramadol (20 mg/kg). The pain in all groups was assessed by an acetic acid test.
Results: The data obtained from the intraperitoneal injection of anandamide to the rats of the experimental group showed a significant decrease in the amount of perceived visceral pain compared to the control group. In addition, the results showed that tramadol injection significantly decreased visceral pain in experimental group 2 compared to the control group. A comparison of the mean experimental groups 1 and 2 showed tramadol as an opioid agonist reduced visceral pain perception to a greater extent than anandamide.
Conclusion: The current study provides evidence for the involvement of cannabinoid receptors in the modulation of visceral pain sensation in rats.
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Pain is one of the primary and fundamental issues associated with various diseases that every individual will encounter throughout their lifetime. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids are commonly used for pain control, but they have significant side effects. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of systemic administration of monoterpenes on visceral pain in an animal model.
Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 30 male albino rats weighing approximately 21 to 25 grams were used. The rats were randomly divided into three groups of 10. The control group did not receive any drug, while the first treatment group received d-limonene orally at a dose of 10 milligrams per kilogram, known as a monoterpene compound. The second treatment group received tramadol orally at a dose of 20 milligrams per kilogram. To assess the effects of monoterpenes on colonic pain, intraperitoneal injection of 6% acetic acid (4 mg/kg) was used, and the number of reflex contractions, which could be easily distinguishable and lasted for several seconds, was observed and counted for 90 minutes. Data were collected and averaged every 5 minutes and then subjected to initial statistical analysis.
Results: A significant difference in terms of visceral pain was observed between these two groups. The rats in the first treatment group that received limonene perceived significantly less visceral pain than those in the control group. The findings indicated a significant difference between treatment groups 1 and 2, meaning that tramadol creates a greater analgesic effect.
Conclusion: This finding suggests that monoterpenes cannot produce the same level of analgesic effects on visceral pain as opioids.
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Leukemia, a heterogeneous group of blood cancers, can present a significant clinical challenge due to its varying subtypes and complexity. The application of nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of leukemia. Based on in vivo studies, this systematic review provided an accurate and current assessment of nanotechnology therapeutic advances in leukemia treatment.
Materials and methods: The present systematic review focused on in vivo studies investigating the therapeutic potential of nanotechnology for leukemia treatment. Comprehensive searches were conducted across significant databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, to identify relevant publications. Selection criteria encompassed studies that employed animal models to assess nanotechnology effects on leukemia progression. Data extracted from selected articles were rigorously analyzed. This review included studies published between 2010 and 2022.
Results: Based on the inclusion criteria, 24 relevant studies were identified. According to the findings of this review, nanotechnology has made substantial progress in the treatment of leukemia, as demonstrated by in vivo studies. Advanced nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, precision gene therapies, and targeted therapeutic approaches have consistently exhibited superior outcomes in treating various leukemia subtypes in animal models. These compelling results emphasize the transformative potential of nanotechnology for leukemia therapy.
Conclusion: In summary, the meticulous analyses of the in vivo studies underscore the role that nanotechnology plays in the advancement of the treatment of leukemia. Nanotechnology has demonstrated efficacy in preclinical models, indicating that it can be translated into clinical applications, offering new avenues for treating leukemia and reinforcing its position as an innovative therapeutic approach.
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Breast cancer continues to pose a significant threat to women’s health around the globe, requiring continuous research and innovation in treatment. In recent years, metal nanoparticles have emerged as a promising means of treating breast cancer with greater precision and efficiency. The in vivo studies have indicated that metal nanoparticles, such as gold, silver, and platinum, have demonstrated a remarkable ability to selectively target breast cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue. These nanoparticles’ size, shape, and surface chemistry can be altered to enhance their biocompatibility, stability, and drug-loading capacity. They are also highly versatile for therapeutic applications due to their unique physicochemical properties, such as drug delivery, photothermal therapy, and imaging. This review focuses on recent in vivo studies evaluating metal nanoparticles’ safety and efficacy in treating breast cancer. Several studies have demonstrated that metal nanoparticles can trigger apoptosis, inhibit tumor growth, and reduce metastasis in cancer cells. Furthermore, using these nanoparticles with traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy has demonstrated a synergistic effect, enhancing treatment efficacy. This review also examines the challenges and concerns associated with the clinical translation of metal nanoparticles. Factors like biocompatibility, pharmacokinetics, and long-term safety profiles are discussed in the context of regulatory approval and patient-specific considerations. In conclusion, this review highlights the evolving landscape of breast cancer treatment with the development of metal nanoparticles, as evidenced by recent in vivo studies. In addition to their therapeutic versatility, these nanoparticles can potentially improve patient outcomes and decrease the burden of breast cancer on society.
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Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) has emerged as a promising agent for cancer therapy. This systematic review aims to comprehensively analyze the existing literature regarding the utilization of S. typhimurium as a therapeutic strategy against cancer. The present systematic review aimed to evaluate the current state of knowledge regarding the anti-tumor properties of S. typhimurium, encompassing its tumor-targeting mechanisms, impact on tumor growth, modulation of the tumor microenvironment, and potential for combination therapies.
Materials and methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across major scientific databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, using predefined search terms. Studies published between 2000 and 2023 were included if they investigated the anti-tumor effects of S. typhimurium in vivo. Studies were independently screened, selected, and evaluated for quality by two reviewers.
Results: The systematic review identified 152 relevant studies that met the inclusion criteria. These studies collectively demonstrated the ability of S. typhimurium to selectively target and colonize tumors, resulting in significant tumor growth inhibition in various cancer types. Mechanistic insights revealed that S. typhimurium can induce direct cytotoxicity, modulate the tumor microenvironment, and activate anti-tumor immune responses. Additionally, studies highlighted the potential of combining S. typhimurium with conventional therapies or immune checkpoint inhibitors to enhance therapeutic efficacy.
Conclusion: This systematic review underscores the promising potential of S. typhimurium as a novel and multifaceted approach to cancer therapy. The accumulated evidence suggests that S. Typhimurium possesses inherent tumor-targeting capabilities, exerts direct anti-tumor effects, and can synergize with other treatment modalities .
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Approximately, 1 to 2% of the population in developed countries suffer from chronic wounds. Nearly 6.5 million Americans have suffered at least one chronic wound. Chronic wound treatment is critical for patients to maintain their mental and physical well-being and improve their life quality. Chronic wounds can be treated in various ways, including hyperbaric oxygen therapy, debridement, ultrasound, skin grafts, negative pressure wound therapy, electromagnetic therapies, and hydrogel dressings. Hydrogels are among the most viable and promising options since their tunable characteristics, such as adhesiveness, antimicrobial and biodegradability, pre-angiogenic bioactivities, and anti-inflammatory, are beneficial to healing chronic wounds. In in vivo studies utilizing animal models, hydrogel dressings emerged as multifunctional solutions for chronic wound healing. These investigations consistently demonstrated that hydrogel dressings accelerated wound healing rates compared to traditional methods and maintained an optimal moist wound environment, which fostered tissue regeneration while minimizing scarring. Moreover, the remarkable biocompatibility of hydrogel dressings became evident in these animal model experiments, as they showed minimal adverse reactions in chronic wound patients. The results of these in vivo studies collectively highlight the promising potential of hydrogel dressings as a versatile therapeutic option for effectively managing chronic wounds. This review discusses dressings made of hydrogel in animal models for their multifunctional properties and potential benefits in treating chronic wounds. The efficacy of hydrogel dressings over other kinds of dressings is also demonstrated by providing examples of commercially available hydrogel dressings.
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The global healthcare challenge of cancer remains challenging, requiring innovative approaches to identify potential anticancer agents. The intriguing anti-tumor properties of hydatid cysts produced in their larval stage by Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) have attracted the attention of many scientists in recent years. This review aimed to delve deeper into the in vivo anticancer effects of hydatid cyst-derived antigens and shed light on their mechanisms of action and therapeutic implications for various cancer types. Several bioactive molecules in E. granulosus antigens have shown significant anti-cancer activity in vivo. Several studies have shown that administering these antigens reduced tumor size while increasing overall survival in breast cancer models. The immune response against tumor cells in lung cancer murine models has also been enhanced by E. granulosus antigens, such as antigen B, leading to the regression of tumors and enhanced immunity. Colon cancer cells are sensitized to these antigens as indicated by in vivo studies, rendering standard chemotherapy more effective at inhibiting tumor growth. E. granulosus antigens also reduce tumor metastasis when applied to in vivo melanoma models. E. granulosus antigens have demonstrated in vivo efficacy as a potential anticancer agent, underscoring their potential as valuable therapeutic agents. There is still much to be discovered about the exact mechanisms of these antigens and their clinical applicability. However, the impressive results observed across a wide range of cancer types underscore the significance of further research into the antigens to overcome cancer in vivo. In conclusion, animal model studies reveal the promising potential of E. granulosus antigens, particularly hydatid cyst fluid, in inhibiting tumor growth in colon, breast, melanoma, and lung cancers through immune-mediated mechanisms and apoptosis induction. These findings open up new avenues for cancer therapy and immunotherapy research, emphasizing the role of parasite antigens in combatting various cancer types.
https://jlar.rovedar.com/index.php/JLAR/article/view/26
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Indexing and Archiving
JLAR is indexed in Index Copernicus.
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Indexing and Archiving
JLAR is indexed in Dimensions.
https://app.dimensions.ai/discover/publication?search_mode=content&search_text=10.58803%2FJLAR*&search_type=kws&search_field=doi
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Indexing and Archiving
JLAR is indexed in CHORUS.
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