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CONCLUSION

Pantayong Pananaw helps Filipinos see their history through their own experiences rather than through colonial or elite perspectives. It emphasizes how colonialism shaped Filipino identity, culture, and language while also highlighting the struggles of ordinary people.

By focusing on indigenous experiences, it strengthens national identity and challenges historical injustices, such as the suffering of Filipino comfort women they were taken against their will and subjected to severe abuse in military-run brothels. Their suffering is a lasting reminder of wartime.

Lastly, Pantayong Pananaw is an important tool for reclaiming Filipino history, allowing Filipinos to understand their past on their own term.

Authorized by:

Kimberly G. Cristo

Mikhaella A. Bagasin

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PANTAYONG PANANAW IN COLONIALISM

Dr. Zeus Salazar's Pantayong Pananaw, a Filipino historiographical movement from the late 1970s, re-centers Filipino history on the experiences of the common people, directly challenging the elite-focused narratives often shaped by colonial perspectives. This approach examines various periods, highlighting agriculture's crucial role in pre-colonial and colonial Filipino civilizations and the impact of international trade, acknowledging that while the 1860 Anglo-French Treaty may not directly relate to the Philippines, it exemplifies the broader global economic forces that impacted the archipelago during the colonial era.

It directly confronts the suffering of Filipino comfort women during World War II (1932-1945), a period deeply shaped by the lingering effects of colonialism, analyzing the interplay of beliefs, racism, and the colonial legacy on Filipino identity and culture. The dynamic evolution of Filipino culture, often influenced and disrupted by colonial powers, religion's role, the pursuit of justice against colonial injustices, and the forging of a national identity in the face of colonialism are all central themes.

Pantayong Pananaw also analyzes the Filipino language, often suppressed during colonial rule, and the interplay of influence and power throughout history, providing a more inclusive understanding of the nation's past, ultimately encouraging a deeper appreciation of Filipino history.

Authorized by:

Kimberly G. Cristo

Mikhaella A. Bagasin

source of photo: https://images.app.goo.gl/BT31bS76Ghbyksjs9

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INFLUENCE

The power to have an important effect on someone or something. If someone influences someone else, they are changing a person or thing in an indirect but important way, but sometimes they are using influence for their own benefits.

Power that exerted over the minds or behavior of others, to influence and a leader uses strategy.

source of photo: https://images.app.goo.gl/Pn1uzmzBnwhZ9KCw5

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LANGUAGE

A structured system of communication that consists of grammar and vocabulary.

It is the primary means by which humans convey meaning, both in spoken and signed forms, and may also be conveyed through writing.

source of photo: https://images.app.goo.gl/Hcjn4MseZKaBBdeN7

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NATIONALISM

Identifies the nation as the central form of community and elevates it to the object of supreme loyalty, belief that your country is superior, without question or doubt. A feature of movements for freedom and justice.

source of photo: https://pin.it/6ce1HZF5V

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JUSTICE

Principle of fairness, ensuring equal treatment, rights, and accountability. It upholds moral and legal standards, balancing individual and societal interests.

Justice seeks truth, prevents harm, and protects freedoms. It requires impartiality, responsibility, and ethical decision-making to maintain order, resolve conflicts, and promote a just society.

source of photo: https://pin.it/2JkHuA4S8

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RELIGION

Religion encompasses attitudes, convictions, emotions, gestures, rituals, beliefs, and institutions through which we understand and express our fundamental relationship with reality.

It connects us to God and the created order, perceived as emerging from divine creation, shaping our worldview, practices, and moral framework in response to this ultimate reality.

source of photo: https://religionmediacentre.org.uk/factsheets/roman-catholic-glossary/

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CULTURAL

Human societies' social behavior, institutions, and norms—including their knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, attitudes, and habits��are referred to as their culture.

It reflects common beliefs, shapes identities, and shapes traditions. Culture, which is frequently associated with a particular area, changes with time, retaining traditions while embracing new influences.

source of photo: https://pin.it/4s13O4eWZ

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HISTORY

The study of history examines the causes, consequences, and significance of the historical occurrences, cultures, and civilizations. It includes written histories, archeological finds, and cultural customs, assisting individuals in comprehending human growth, errors, and successes.

Identity formation, decision-making, and teachings for current and future generations are all influenced by history.

source of photo: https://pin.it/5VN2tnUNk

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RACIST

A racist is a person who harbors prejudice, discrimination, or hostility based on race because they think that one race is fundamentally better or worse than another.

Racism can take the form of behaviors, laws, or viewpoints that favor some racial groups over others, frequently escalating societal inequalities.

source of photo: https://doinglanguage.org/2020/06/05/the-language-and-rhetoric-of-racism/

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BELIEFS

Belief is when someone thinks something is reality true, without having any absolute verified foundation for their certainty of the truth or the realness of their idea.

Also belief is a something believed or accepted as true, especially a particular tenet or body of tenets accepted by a group of people.

source of photo: https://neurosciencenews.com/false-belief-system-23098/

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HISTORY

History is the systematic study of the past. As an academic discipline, it analyzes and interprets evidence to construct narratives about what happened and explain why it happened, focusing primarily on the human past.

Refers not to an academic field but to the past itself or to individual texts about the past, a branch of knowledge dealing with past events.

source of photo: https://celadonbooks.com/what-is-historical-fiction/

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COMFORT WOMEN

The term comfort women is a translation of the Japanese ianfu, a euphemism that literally means "comforting, consoling woman".

Comfort women, women and girls are forced into sexual slavery by the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces in occupied countries and territories before and during World War II.

During World War II, Japanese troops forced hundreds of thousands of women from Australia, Burma, China, the Netherlands, the Philippines, Japan, Korea, Indonesia, East Timor, New Guinea and other countries into sexual enslavement for Japanese soldiers; however, the majority of the women were from Korea. Many women died due to brutal mistreatment and sustained physical and emotional distress.

“she wrote a book about her harsh experiences as a comfort woman” survivors.

source of photo: https://www.change.org/p/reinstall-the-comfort-women-statue-in-the-philippines-honoring-our-history-and-justice

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HISTORIOGRAPIYA

Historiography is the study of the history and methodology of history as a discipline. Briefly, it is the history of history. When you study historiography, you are not studying the past directly.

Instead, you are studying the changing interpretations of past events through historians' eyes. It is important for all historians regardless of the audience they are addressing—because it offers a level of transparency that allows others to see where you are getting your information from.

source of photo: https://observatory.tec.mx/edu-news/history-historiography/

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INTERNATIONAL TRADE

International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories because there is a need or want of goods or services.

It's important because countries rely on other countries for the import of goods that can’t be readily found domestically.

International trade creates the global marketplace upon which the world economy relies for prosperity.

source of photo: https://images.app.goo.gl/M3o2NvzHthamDLnV8

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AGRICULTURAL

The word Agriculture derives from the latin ager (field) and colo (cultivate) signifying, when combined, the latin agricultura: field or land tillage.

Agriculture is the science or practice of farming, or the growing crops and raising livestock, with the purpose of human use and consumption. It is fundamental to human civilization, providing food, fiber, and other essential resources.

source of photo: https://www.istockphoto.com/photos/east-indian-farmer

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COMMONER

A commoner, also known as the common man, the common people or the masses, was in earlier use an ordinary person in a community or nation who did not have any significant social status, especially a member of neither royalty, nobility, nor any part of the aristocracy.

A person who is not born into a position of high social rank.

source of photo: https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/commoners.html?sortBy=relevant