mooregold

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Gold standard for gold in India - Moore Gold

Gold mining Gold mining can provide significant sustainable socio-economic development to India. Furthermore, mining helps bring infrastructure investment to a region, and helps initiate and support associated service industries, all of which often persist long beyond the working life of the mine. However, gold mining industry has largely been insignificant in the country. About 45,000 ounces were mined in 2015 and even after adding gold produced as a by-product of copper mining on the subcontinent, India's gold output is little more than 1.5 tonnes. . At a country level, China was the largest producer in the world in 2016 (about 463.7 tonne) and accounted for around 14 per cent of total global production. Gold refining The most significant change has been in India's refining capacity. India's long-established refining sector has seen a sharp rise in new capacity in recent years. The organised refining landscape has grown sharply from a mere three to four refineries in 2013 to 30 refineries in 2015, including one which is LBMA-accredited and MMTC-PAMP (a joint venture between public sector MMTC and Switzerland's PAMP SA). India's total refining capacity is now above 1,450 tonnes, significantly more than the average annual gold imports over the past five years. But much of the additional capacity remains under-utilised, largely because of the limited availability of recycled material. Gold manufacturing At present 5-10 percent of India's gold manufacturing sector could be deemed as being "organised" large-scale facilities, while 10 years ago these would have barely existed. Nearly 65 percent of jewellery manufactured in India is handmade and the vast majority of the sector is still characterised by small workshops, each typically employing two to four goldsmiths.

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Moore Gold : How does gold impact the economy?

Indian's love for gold is no secret. But do you know how much we love it? According to some estimates, India has a stock of about 23,000-24,000 tonnes of gold which is mostly held by households. In value terms, based on the 2015 average price, it was worth $800 billion. To put this into context, tech giant Apple's market capitalisation at the same time was around $600 billion, and two of India's largest listed companies, Reliance Industries and Tata Consultancy Services, were quoted at around $100 billion each. India's gold market is driven primarily by the consumption and fabrication of the yellow metal. Both have a significant impact in terms of economic value add, employment, contribution to foreign exchange earnings, and the trade balance. A report commissioned by the World Gold Council from PricewaterhouseCoopers estimated that gold made a direct contribution of more than $30 billion to the Indian economy. The role and the impact of gold are reflected by the gems and jewellery industry which contributes around 7 percent of the country's gross domestic product (GDP) and 15.71 percent to India's total merchandise exports. The gems and jewellery sector in India is one of the largest in the world and contributes to about 29 percent of the global consumption. In FY 2014-15, the sector constituted 13.30 percent of the country's total merchandise exports.

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Moore Gold - Exploration and Development History of Gold Mining at the Zortman

Gold was first discovered near the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation in the Little Rocky Mountains in the late 1880's by prospectors from the Black Hills. Only minor placer gold were exploited, although the source lodes were soon found and mining commenced shortly thereafter, first in the Landusky area and then at Zortman. Development of the vein deposits accelerated in the early 1900's with the dawn of cyanide processing, and continued into the 1920's when the operation became marginal, with sporadic working until 1959. More recently a number of the major companies have explored in the area. Pegasus Explorations Ltd commenced development of the shallow, low grade stock work mineralization in 1979. Cyanide heap leach gold mining began in 1980 with 1.18 mt of ore being mined to produce 1.06 t Au and 1.65 t Ag. By 1985 the annual mining rate was 4.85 mt of ore, yielding 1.88 t Au and 4.90 t Ag (Hastings, 1988). In 1994 13.46 mt of ore were treated to produce 3.35 t Au at a cost of $US 9.75/g Au [$US 303/oz] (AME, 1995). (Zortman, Landusky: Gold (more info) ). In the late 1800's, the Gros Ventre and the Assiniboine opposed the "sale of the mountains," which was advocated by federal commissioners who were assigned to negotiate the sale of the gold-mining country in 1896. By advising the impoverished Indians that they would starve in two years if they did not make an agreement with the government, the commissioners convinced tribal representatives to sell a strip of land, seven miles long and four miles wide, for $360,000. Pegasus Gold Company now mines this site, with heavy opposition from some tribal members. The opposition is compounded by the current reality of contaminated land and water and the accompanying health risks to the reservation people. Landusky Mine. Details Gold production increased sharply in the late 1980's due to the use of heap leach gold mining to extract gold. This involves the placement of the ore on heap leach pads and spraying cyanide onto the ore to extract the gold. The Zortman mine was the first major heap leach gold mine in the United States. Click here (more info) to view a graph that provides information about U. S. gold production from the 1840's to the 1990's.

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History of metallurgy in the Indian subcontinent - Moore Gold

India’s contribution to the world mine production of gold is insignificant being about 2.50 tonnes per annum which is produced from one major mine and its two satellite mines viz. (i) Hutti Gold Mines in Karnataka and it’s two satellites-Hira-Buddini and Uti. The demand for Gold in India is the highest in the world. One third of the global annual gold production of about 2,700 tonnes gets into India. Thus, gold plays an important role in our national economy. The gold import bill of India is about 37 billion dollars. This is one of the factors behind India’s high Current Account Deficit. Gold mining has the potential to convert a more or less continuously depreciating currency into an asset representing “neat” foreign exchange. Therefore, it would be in the national interest to establish more gold mines and maximize production even if the break even cost of production equals the rupee equivalent of the international bullion price in view of the other significant direct and indirect benefits of mining gold in rural India. India is historically recognized as one of the oldest gold mining centres in the world. The ancient Indian gold mining history could be 6,000 to 8,000 years old. Ancient Indians mined and panned for gold at over 900 locations over the length & breadth of India. Panning is still underway in many parts of the country. All these ancient pits and goldshows can be viewed as anomalies helpful in modern exploration. British and Indian Geologists mapped most parts of the country and revisited the ancient mine workings and reopened several of them. GSI and State Mines & Geology Departments as well as private exploration companies have further explored many of these and established gold Resources and Reserves. Several of them could be developed into small (<250,000 Ozs of gold Reserve) & medium scale mines (<1M Ozs of reserve). Area available for gold exploration: Out of India’s land area of 3.3 million sq km approximately 2.4 million sq km comprises hard rock. About 700,000 sq km i.e. ~25% of the hard rock area holds potential for exploration for precious metals & basemetals. Out of this, about 500,000 sq km was granted by Govt. of India on Reconnaissance Permits of which about 400,000 sq km area was for precious metals. Only 500 sq km or 0.125% of the area explored under RP has been granted for gold prospecting. Because of years of delay and complicated lengthy procedures there is hardly any FDI into mineral exploration. On the other hand, Indian companies have preferred to invest in exploration & mining in many business friendly overseas destinations

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MOORE GOLD : History of Metallurgy and Mining in India

Demand responds more to income than it does to price. Our econometric analysis of data from 1990 to 2015 revealed that income levels are the most significant long-term determinants of consumer gold demand: holding all else equal, a 1% rise in income boosts gold demand by 1%. Income is the most powerful factor, and income levels are expected to rise. The IMF has forecast per capita GDP to grow by 35% for 2015–2020 and the National Council of Applied Economic Research expects India’s middle class to double, exceeding 500 million (m) by 2025. The report states that, valued at over US$800bn, India’s gold stocks are around 23,000-24,000 tonnes. Southern India has the highest market share for gold demand of 40%, Western India at 25% and Northern and Eastern India have 20% and 15% of the market share respectively. Gold jewellery plays a dual role in India - as an investment as well as an adornment, hence a considerable number of Indians invest in gold through 22k jewellery. Given that weddings are a key occasion for buying gold and the fact that 500m of the population is under the age of 25, the number of weddings and subsequently the occasions for buying gold are likely to be higher. The outlook for jewellery demand is favourable. We estimate there are between 385,000 and 410,000 jewellers in India. The majority – around 70% – of India’s jewellery industry can be categorised as unorganised. Between 2000 and 2015 more organised participants emerged, with their market share rising from 5% to 30%.  By 2020, it is likely that this share will have risen to between 35% and 40%. For many investors, bars and coins are considered a safe investment and rank alongside deposit accounts as a preferred savings vehicle. By 2020, the report indicates that, bar and coin demand will be between 250–300 tonnes. Consumers prefer to pledge jewellery or bullion as collateral to raise funds rather than selling them. Around 1,250 tonnes is used as collateral, largely with informal lenders, such as pawnbrokers. The report states that gold loans will continue to hold a bigger market share in India. Owing to the government’s encouragement to the formal sector, money-lenders and pawnbrokers, will lose market share to banks and gold loan companies. India is reliant on imports and recycling to meet gold demand. Gold imports account for around 85% of total supply, and the refining sector plays an important role in taking these imports and putting them in a form suitable for India’s gold industry. Indian gold refining capacity jumped in recent years from a mere three or four refineries in 2013 to 30 in 2015, taking the total capacity above 1,450t. India is one of the largest gold jewellery exporters in the world. In FY2015–2016, Indian gold jewellery shipments came to US$8.6bn.

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MOORE GOLD -  Current Situation of Indian Gold Market

India’s gold market has been subject to many different policies since Independence, some of which have been disruptive. This report highlights how gold is integral to India’s way of life, makes a positive contribution to society and will allow policymakers to take a hosltic view of the gold market to inform policy decisions. Somasundaram PR, Managing Director, India, World Gold Council said; “Currently, policy discussions tend to focus overwhelmingly on import controls, thereby under-leveraging the strengths of a gold culture that is core to Indian society. We want the positive role of gold in household finance and the benefits of making it mainstream to be better appreciated and acknowledged in policy making. Policies that enable gold to operate freely in a transparent manner, as part of the organised financial system, are important to realise the broader social and economic objectives. We hope this report provides the data and insight from which effective policies can be developed and India plays an active role in the global gold market commensurate with its appetite for gold.” Alistair Hewitt, Director, Market Intelligence, World Gold Council said: “The key insight for me is that India’s economic growth has underpinned its gold market. In 2016 India was one of the world’s fastest growing economies. While the economy was rocked by the shock demonetisation programme, it will bounce back and that will support the gold market in years to come. Given that the outlook for income growth is positive, by 2020 we expect Indian gold demand to average 850t to 950t per annum.”

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What is the Moore Gold Logo| Distinguish between true and false gold | Moore Gold Brand

What is hallmarking? Hallmarking refers to the process of certifying the purity and fineness of gold. Hallmarking of gold and silver is done by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). So, a BIS hallmarked gold jewellery, bar or coin conforms to the set of standards enforced by the BIS. What is 916 hallmark gold Earlier, it was enough to ask, “What is 916 gold?” From January 15th, 2021 onwards, it will be mandatory for jewellers all over India to sell only hallmarked gold. Hallmarking can assure purity and authenticity of the gold and customers should be aware of what to look for. The hallmark signs or symbols have to be checked on the gold. So, the 916 hallmark gold will have a BIS-certified hallmark engraved on it. The denotation used will be 22K916. This corresponds to 916 gold or 22K fineness and purity of gold. This is the purest gold can be in jewellery making due to the strength it offers. Purity Standards Gold is a tricky metal and customers can be easily cheated with low purity gold for higher cost. For this reason, the government mandates the selling of only hallmarked gold. However, it is indispensable for the customers to know the standards in estimating purity of gold. There are mainly four details that you have to check when purchasing gold jewellery: BIS mark, purity in karat and fineness (whether it is 14K, 18K, 22K or 24K), the hallmarking centre and the jeweller’s identification. BIS Mark Gold jewellery hallmarked by BIS will sport the BIS logo. This indicates that one of BIS’ licensed laboratories verified the purity. However, BIS hallmarking scheme was not mandatory and some jewellers provide hallmarking that is not verified by the BIS. This poses a risk in knowing the exact purity and fineness of the gold. Purity in Karat and fineness Karat and fineness number indicates the purity of gold. The purest form of gold in Karats is considered to be 24 KT. However, in jewellery making, 22K is the highest purity used since 24K gold is too soft to make details in jewellery. Silver, zinc or other metals are alloyed with gold to use it for jewellery making and this alters the percentage of gold present and hence the purity and fineness. Assaying and hallmarking centre’s mark/number The gold jewellery must be assessed for purity only in BIS-licensed laboratories. The lab’s logo or license number is also imprinted on the jewellery in order to be hallmarked. Jeweller’s identification mark The gold jewellery store or manufacturer is also supposed to put their identification mark on the gold piece for it to be called hallmarked. The jeweller will be optimally a BIS-certified one.

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Moore Gold - What is the difference between 916 and 22 karat gold?

Gold, with all its value and preciousness, is an easily adulterated commodity. The purity of gold is easily altered and can go unnoticed. For this reason, gold purity is based on certain standardization for the ease of recognizing pure gold from the impure. What is 916 gold? Why is it so popular? What is the difference between 916 gold and others? What is 22K and 24K gold? What are BIS and hallmarked gold? These are the common queries gold customers pose. A customer has to be well-versed with the common terms and aspects of purity of gold. What is 916 gold? When looking to buy gold, the term ‘916 gold’ is a very commonly heard one. So, what is 916 gold? What does that number denote? It is nothing but the percentage of gold present in the alloy used to make the gold jewellery or coins. The number 916 denotes there is 91.6% pure gold in the alloy. What is the difference between 916 and 22 karat gold? There is no difference. They are the same. The 916 gold has a proportion of 91.6 grams pure 24 karat gold in 100 grams of alloy (22/24 in percentage is 91.6%) and hence, called 22 karat. In gold jewellery making, 22K gold is considered as the ideal proportion because gold is a soft metal with low malleability and durability. The purest gold is 24K but it is too soft to make jewellery. Whereas, when gold is bought as an investment, the preferred quality is 24K. Even then, pure metal would still contain a small amount of impurity and even the highest purity of gold can only be 999.9 parts out of thousand. Under this purity assumption, 18K gold would 750 gold, 23K would 958 gold and 14K would be 585 gold.

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Moore Gold - Understand that gold comes in different colours

Usually, when we visit a shop to buy gold jewellery or order it online, a lot of complicated industry terminologies greet us. If terms like 10 karat, 14 karat, 24 karat, net weight, purity and so forth confuse you then you must read about them before making the purchase. Gold jewellery is made from a mixture of metals, and thus is an alloy of many metals. The letter ‘K’ basically stands for Karat – that is the percentage of real gold in the alloy mix. Now, you must be thinking why there isn’t a 100K depicting 100% pure gold? This is because gold was measured in 24ths in a German gold coin called a mark that was common about a thousand years ago. The purity of the gold in the coin was expressed in the number of carats of gold present in this 24-carat coin. Thus, 24K gold jewellery contains 100% gold. On the other hand, 10K gold jewellery has 41.7% real gold, 14K has 58.5% real gold, and so on – until the maximum purest form being 24K. The important thing to know is: the higher the karat count, the closer the jewellery is to actual pure gold, and therefore the yellower it is going to be (since pure gold is a shade of yellow), and the greater is its value. Usually, when we visit a shop to buy gold jewellery or order it online, a lot of complicated industry terminologies greet us. If terms like 10 karat, 14 karat, 24 karat, net weight, purity and so forth confuse you then you must read about them before making the purchase. Gold jewellery is made from a mixture of metals, and thus is an alloy of many metals. The letter ‘K’ basically stands for Karat – that is the percentage of real gold in the alloy mix. Now, you must be thinking why there isn’t a 100K depicting 100% pure gold? "This is because gold was measured in 24ths in a German gold coin called a mark that was common about a thousand years ago. The purity of the gold in the coin was expressed in the number of carats of gold present in this 24-carat coin. Thus, 24K gold jewellery contains 100% gold. On the other hand, 10K gold jewellery has 41.7% real gold, 14K has 58.5% real gold, and so on – until the maximum purest form being 24K. The important thing to know is: the higher the karat count, the closer the jewellery is to actual pure gold, and therefore the yellower it is going to be (since pure gold is a shade of yellow), and the greater is its value.

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Moore Gold Guide : How to identify the purity of gold

Gold has been synonymous with Indian culture since ages. Not only is buying gold considered auspicious but it's also one of the best investments that reap benefits in the long run. Jewellery lovers may have moved to platinum and other metals, but nothing can beat their love for this soft, dense yellow metal. And, if you too love buying gold you need to know how to identify its purity. Here's a look at some of the points you need to keep in mind while buying gold or gold jewellery. There are various ways to find out whether the gold is real or about its purity, but my safest advice would be to purchase hallmarked gold. The hallmark consists of the authorised logo, finesse or carat weight and year of manufacture. Archana informs that the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution issued a notification on January 14, 2020 informing about making gold hallmarking mandatory for all jewellers starting January 15, 2021. And, it will be mandatory to use only the BIS hallmarked gold, instead of 10 grades used earlier. Also, hallmarked jewellery will now be available in 3 grades, 14 carat, 18 carat and 22 carat. Usually, when we visit a shop to buy gold jewellery or order it online, a lot of complicated industry terminologies greet us. If terms like 10 karat, 14 karat, 24 karat, net weight, purity and so forth confuse you then you must read about them before making the purchase. Gold jewellery is made from a mixture of metals, and thus is an alloy of many metals. The letter ‘K’ basically stands for Karat – that is the percentage of real gold in the alloy mix. On the other hand, 10K gold jewellery has 41.7% real gold, 14K has 58.5% real gold, and so on – until the maximum purest form being 24K.

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What are the Characteristics of Moore Gold?| Different Categories of Moore Gold

Pure gold is gold that has not been tampered with in any way. The term "pure gold" is also known as "24 Karat gold." The purest form of gold is 24K gold. It contains 99.99% gold. You may be wondering why, despite being the purest type of gold, it is not 100% pure. This is due to the fact that 100 percent gold is too brittle to maintain its shape or form at room temperature. As a result, after the ore is extracted, it is processed until it reaches a purity level of 99.99%. Because gold is so delicate, it isn't used for jewellery or religious items. It is primarily used in the production of gold coins and bars. In comparison to the paler karats, 24K gold has a distinct yellow colour. The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) Hallmark is stamped on every Indian gold coin. This means, 24K gold is the purest form of gold available.   

22Karat Gold Features It is made up of 22 parts gold and 2 parts other metals like copper and zinc. This karat of gold is also known as "916 gold" since it contains 91.67% pure gold. The texture of the jewellery is harder, more durable, and scratch-resistant as a result of the addition of these metals and alloys. However, you should keep in mind that 22K gold can only be used to create simple gold jewellery. In the case of jewellery, 22K gold is favoured. As a result, most people prefer 22K gold to 24K gold because it has a higher resale value. Apart from checking the purity of a gold coin, it's also a good idea to see if it's hallmarked. The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) was established by the Indian government to ensure that consumers are not duped when purchasing gold.

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MOORE GOLD :Difference Between 24K Gold and 22K Gold?

Indians never shy away from buying gold, whether it's a wedding or some other religious event, they just need an excuse to buy gold. Gold is one of the world's most valuable and commonly used commodities. One of the key reasons for its long-term popularity is that it does not react with moisture, so it does not rust and is tarnish-resistant. It has a brilliant lustre and a yellow colour that is attractive for ornamental jewelry. People have kept gold for a variety of purposes over the centuries. Gold's ubiquity in different religions, combined with tradition, has led to large populations expecting important items and jewellery to be made of gold. It is known to be one of the strongest assets in any economic downturn. Gold prices ended the year 25% higher in global markets in 2020, the largest annual increase in a decade.   What is Karat or K stand for? We usually come across terms like karat, or k suffix when we go to buy gold. To understand the difference between 22K and 24K, one must first understand what K or karat means. The purer the gold is, the higher the karat value. On a scale of 0 to 24, it is rated. To improve the composition and produce gold jewellery, other metals such as copper, nickel, silver, and palladium are added. The term "pure gold" is also known as "24 Karat gold." The purest form of gold is 24K gold. It contains 99.99% gold. You may be wondering why, despite being the purest type of gold, it is not 100% pure. This is due to the fact that 100 percent gold is too brittle to maintain its shape or form at room temperature. As a result, after the ore is extracted, it is processed until it reaches a purity level of 99.99%. Because gold is so delicate, it isn't used for jewellery or religious items. It is primarily used in the production of gold coins and bars. In comparison to the paler karats, 24K gold has a distinct yellow colour. The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) Hallmark is stamped on every Indian gold coin. This means, 24K gold is the purest form of gold available.

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How to choose Moore Gold?|Science Behind Moore Gold  | Moore Gold

Centuries ago ancient Greek poet Homer mentions gold as “The glory of immortals and as a sign of wealth among ordinary human beings”. This statement holds good even in the current day. Gold has been a major investment an average Indian chooses over many other avenues. It boasts its origin to approximately 75,000years in central and Eastern Europe. Gold has been carved in different patterns from bracelets to girdles, from earrings to brooches, from necklaces to head ornaments. Early 1500 BC, people of Indus valley civilization started creating gold earrings, beads and bangles. Over the years gold underwent remarkable changes in terms of the colour, finish, texture and purity. Gold has never been bounded to a specific region; it has been omnipresent through generations of Gandhara period, Greeks, Romans, Egyptians, Indus valley civilization. It has always been a medium of exchange before the currency. Science behind Gold A noble Yellow metal, gold is known as “AURUM” in Italian. As a metal gold is hard, malleable and available in different colors. In order to make gold more malleable, it is combined with a host of alloys to make it ready for various kinds of jewellery. The various alloys used are: Silver Copper Zinc A definite proportion of alloys are mixed to gold to get desired characteristics. Also alloys alter the color, temper, hardness and annealing characteristics of gold. Following are the changes gold undergoes when mixed with alloys. The proportion of silver is increased to change the yellow to white. Redder in appearance as the proportion of copper increases. Zinc a decolorizer converts some red gold into a more yellowish tone by substitute of zinc. The Karat system The purest form of gold is expressed as 24kt which is considered 100 % Finesses.In Indian 22Kt gold jewellery is widely used which means 91.6% pure Gold. Remaining 8.4 % is any other metal or combination of metals through alloying. KARAT(KT) PURITY USAGE 24k 99.99% Very soft and not recommended to jewellery. 22k 91.60% Soft for manufacturing jewellery. Widely used in India for jewellery. 18k 75.00% Ideal for fine jewellery. 14k 58.50% Ideal for fine jewellery. 9k 41.70% Not acceptable for jewellery. types of gold Gold changes its color with people preferences; example women in Western countries prefer wearing light gold jewellery over heavy Jewellery like their Asians counterparts. Gold can also be changed to different colors: yellow gold * Alloyed with silver and copper & most frequently used type * It is Malleable, ductile, & generally non-corrosive, it has a high melting point & is not susceptible to compression. white gold * Alloyed with a large percentage of silver, or a selection of other white metals. * Is highly reflective and not subject to tarnish. * The ancient term for it was Electrum.

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Moore Gold Purity identification Guide

Most of us visit our local jewellery shop to buy gold jewellery and ornaments especially around Akshaya Tritya and Dhanteras. One can now even buy gold jewellery online as well. But how do you check if the gold that you have purchased is pure or not? For this, the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), a government body, certifies the purity of gold bought by you. The process of certifying the purity of gold called is hallmarking. According to the BIS website, there are two principle objectives of the hallmarking scheme: a) To protect the public against adulteration b) To obligate manufacturers to maintain legal standards of fineness/purity. According to BIS website, there are four components that one should look on the hallmarked gold jewellery to ensure the purity of gold which are as follows: 1. BIS Mark; 2. Purity in Karat and fineness; 3. Assaying and Hallmarking Centre's identification mark/number; 4. Jeweller's Identification mark/number 1. BIS Mark Any gold jewellery, which is hallmarked by the BIS, will bear the BIS logo indicating that its purity is verified in one of its licensed laboratories. According to the BIS website, it is the only agency in India approved by the government for hallmarking gold articles of any kind to ensure its purity. However, BIS hallmarking scheme is voluntary, not all jewellers offer hallmarked BIS jewellery. Some jewellers offer their in-house hallmarking of jewellery which is not verified by the BIS. Therefore, before buying gold jewellery you must check with the jeweller whether they offer BIS hallmarking or not. Remember from June 2021, it will be mandatory for gold jewellery to be hallmarked. However, a notification in this regard is yet to be issued.

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Moore Gold - India Gold Online Shopping Platform

About Moore Gold:

Moore Gold accurately focus on consumer groups online, breaks the traditional gold industry offline sales and online e-commerce consumption shortcomings, and initiates a new retail era in the gold industry with the B2C model, to create a more valuable and trend-oriented quality life for consumers.

Our products only cover the entire line of the brand, but also recently launched an exclusive monopoly series with fashionable styles and colorful colors to meet the preferences of young online shopping consumers and provide young people with more suitable product choices.

SARPECH

This Sarpech from Rajasthan is of uncut diamonds and elongated emerald drops. It is topped by a paisley crest. Elaborate Jaipur enamel work covers the reverse of the ornament, not seen here.

On the wall-paintings at Ajanta may be seen similar head ornaments worn as tiaras by women 2000 years ago. However the Sarpech or Shirpej, meaning an adornment for the head, developed, in medieval India, as an ornament worn on princely turbans. It reached perfection in the courts of the Moghuls and the princes of Rajasthan. Moghul queens also wore a similar jewel, but by and large it developed as a predominantly male turban ornament.

The use of uncut stones in ornaments was popularised in the north by Moghul emperors who admired precious stones in their pristine and pure form. Enamelling reached its pinnacle of perfection in Jaipur, Maharaja Man Singh having brought five Sikh enamel workers from Lahore to his capital in the 16th century to develop this art.

KADA

In this pair of Kadas (Karas or bracelets) from Varanasi (Banaras), the inner side of each Kada is covered with floral designs of pink enamel, a specialty of Varanasi which is quite rare. On the outer side are uncut diamonds with the ends of each Kada ornamented by elephants with intertwined trunks.

Bangles and bracelets of different types were worn in the north such as the bangdi, churi, naugari, pahunchi, kangan, gaira, bartana, patri, dastband and kada. The Jehangiri, a stone-studded bracelet of Emperor Jehangir's court, was possibly designed by his queen, Nur Jehan herself.

Kadas could be hollow, solid, or filled with lac. The ends of the Kada were of different designs such as of two parrots, twin elephants etc. Stone-set Kadas are often covered with enamel on one side, the method used usually being the champleve. The goldsmith carves out the design after which the enamel is painted or brushed into the hollows. It is then fixed in place by fire, a very difficult art.

VANKI

The Vanki, or armlet of South India shown here, is inlaid with rose-cut diamonds, cabochon rubies and emeralds. An effect of coiled snakes is seen in the gold work on either side in the lower part of the Vanki. Two parrots lead up to the top of the Vanki from which drops a typical lotus-motif pendant.

Different types of armlets called the bajuband or bazuband are worn in different parts of India. However the Vanki of South India is unique because of its inverted-V-shaped design. From old paintings and sculptures, it appears that its origin can be traced to Naga or snake worship. Some of the earliest Vankis can be seen on figures of Lord Krishna as a child, the more ancient figures in wood and stones having a hooded cobra crowning the ornament. The connection between Ananta the snake, on whom lies Vishnu, whose avatar or incarnation was Krishna, is evident.

The shape of the Vanki is such that if fits over the arm without any strain or pressure.

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MOORE GOLD :TRADITIONAL JEWELRY OF INDIA

The art of adornment goes back to primitive man who used, for decoration, flowers and beads, carved wood, shell, bone and stone. The material used changed in time to ivory, copper and semi-precious stones and then to silver, gold and precious stones, but our rich tribal heritage can be seen in the flower motif which is basic to Indian jewelry designs even today. Indian jewelry is as old as Indian civilization itself. The ruins of the Indus Valley civilization, going back to 5000 years, have yielded examples of beaded jewelry. In the sculptures at Bharhut, Sanchi and Amaravati and the paintings at Ajanta can be seen the wide range of jewelry worn by man and woman, by king and commoner. The temples of South India, Bengal, Orissa and Central India present a veritable cornucopia of the jeweller's art. Greek visitors to ancient India marvelled at the elaborate Indian jewels of the time. The epics, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, and the Arthasastra, a text 19 centuries old, mention the intricate arts of the jewellers of yore. The Silappadikaram, an ancient Tamil classic, talks of a society dealing in gold, pearls and precious stones. Paes, a Portuguese chronicler, writes of the Vijayanagar empire where visitors were dazzled by the jewelry worn. Jewelry in ancient times was not only an adornment, but each stone was endowed with a mystical quality and used as a protection against evil forces. The navaratna or nine gems, each sacred to a planet, are worn in a particular order for the same reason to this day. The maniratna, called the serpent stone, was used as a talisman to protect the wearer. Rudraksha and Tulsi seeds and sandalwood beads are worn even today during Hindu worship. The advent of Moghul rule further embellished Indian jewelry. The synthesis of Hindu and Muslim forms and patterns resulted in a great outburst of ornamentation, elegant and exquisite, and of a lush extravagance never seen before. Although traces of enamelling have been found in ancient Taxila, this art reached its zenith only under the Moghuls, when even the unseen reverse side of each jewel was covered with intricate enamel work (minakari). Jewelry later became a means of putting by savings, like a bank today, and of providing financial security to women who sold it in times of need. The Indian love of gold may have been a means of acquiring wealth. But the Indian love of jewelry is really a love of the beautiful and the aesthetic, of man's aspirations to reach perfection in form, design and color. Repetition, symmetry and orderly progression in design are typical of the Indian belief in order, or R'ta, in the cosmic universe. Air-India hopes to preserve some of our traditional jewelry for posterity through this year's calendar. Since only 12 pieces could be selected, only ornaments of gold and precious stones have been shown and the whole range of silver and folk jewelry left out of the study. We present this collection as a homage to the art of jewelry in India, to our ancestors who conceived these jewels, to the artist who designed them and to the skilled artisans who fashioned them, and preserved, through millennia, this priceless art, our precious heritage.

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How about Moore Gold? ||  Types of Moore Gold  ||Indian Gold Style

Moore Gold has a large R&D team of internationally renowned designers in Singapore, whose designs express beautiful and sincere works with a global perspective. Moore Gold products are currently divided into three categories: Gold and Silver jewellery, Gold and Silver gifts, Gold and Silver investment. Combined with offline high-quality supply chain resources, direct source, avoiding price increases, allowing consumers to buy cheaper gold and silver goods.

Types of Indian Jewelry

There are so many types of Indian jewelry that we possibly couldn’t cover it all in this article. However, here we outline the most prominent varieties of Indian accessories.

Kundan Jewelry (a.k.a. Bikaneri or Jaipuri Jewelry)

Kundan jewelry necklace

Kundan jewelry is one of the most popular types of Indian jewelry, and is especially famous in Rajasthan. It refers to a type of gemstone jewelry, where highly refined gold is combined with gorgeous gemstones to create elaborate and intricate pieces. The word ‘kundan’ means pure gold.

Although precious materials like gold, sapphire and pearls are popularly used in kundan jewelry, alternatives such as brass, glass, plated metals and faux gemstones are substituted when creating affordable pieces.

Gold plated kundan necklace set, Indian jewelry

Stunning Kundan Jewelry Set. See this here.

What defines kundan jewelry is the layer upon layer of stones and metals that are joined to form beautiful designs. Each stone is mounted in its own metal foil, which frames it, accentuates its shape and separates it from the other stones in the design.

The back of kundan jewelry is typically enamelled using the Meenakari technique which can make the piece reversible and therefore more versatile.

Kundan is typically worn by brides, wedding guests or to any formal function. Many modern Indian women style kundan jewelry with contemporary clothing to give it a chic and modern look.

Meenakari Jewelry

Meenakari refers to an enamel technique is that is used in various types of Indian jewelry. As mentioned above, even kundan jewelry often features meenakari enamelling.

The beauty of meenakari is in its vivid, bright colors and smooth, polished appearance. It’s an excellent jewelry style for fun, modern pieces as well as for traditional Indian designs.

Meenakari earrings

Gorgeous meenakari earrings by Amreli Jaipur. See them here.

Meenakari necklace and earrings set

Intricate meenakari necklace and earring set. See it here.

When you look at a piece of meenakari jewelry, you might assume at first that it’s all colorful gemstones, but on closer observation, you’ll notice the enamel artwork. Meenakari is typically paired with pearls, diamonds and other colorful gemstones.

Polki Jewelry

Polki jewelry is one of the most notable types and is stunning when crafted properly. Polki features rough, uncut diamonds paired with gold and other gemstones. The diamonds aren’t polished to sparkle, and it’s the raw look that gives Polki jewelry it’s distinct look.

Polki rough diamond necklace

Notice the raw diamonds used in this Polki piece. Also, check out the images showing the back of this necklace for an example of amazing enamel workmanship. See it here.

Because Polki jewelry is made of diamonds, it goes without saying that the pieces are typically expensive. It’s a sign of wealth and status to own Polki jewelry and these are typically cherished and passed down the generations as precious heirlooms. Most Polki pieces featured Meenakari work on the underside, similar to Kundan.