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Section 80C: What are the 10 ways to save income tax?
Under section 80C of the Income Tax Act, people have the opportunity to save income tax by investing up to Rs 1.5 lakh in various schemes in a financial year. Most people save tax by investing only in LIC, PPF etc.
But there are many other options where tax can be saved under section 80C by investing. In this article, we will learn about some such investment options.
Under section 80C of the Income Tax Act, people have the opportunity to save income tax by investing up to Rs 1.5 lakh in various schemes in a financial year. Most people save tax by investing only in LIC, PPF etc.
But there are many more options where tax can be saved under the Sec 80C by investing. In this article, we will learn about some such investment options.
1. Employees Provident Fund (EPF)
The rupee is deposited in the Employees Provident Fund (EPF) which is deducted 12% of the basic salary of every employee every month. Income tax exemption can be claimed on an amount of up to 1.5 lakh in EPF. 8% interest will be given on the amount deposited in EPF for the financial year 2017-18.
2. Investment in Public Provident Fund (PPF)
Deposits deposited in PPF account are eligible for tax deduction under Section 80C. For opening an account in PPF, an account can be opened with a minimum of Rs 500 whereas a tax exemption can be claimed by depositing a maximum of Rs 1.5 lakh in an entire financial year. Interest is received every year on the amount deposited in PPF, which is determined by the Ministry of Finance. The interest rate for the financial year 2017-18 is 7.8%. PPF has a tenure of 15 years, after which the withdrawal is tax-free. The loan can also be taken on the amount deposited in PPF.
3. Investment in Fixed Deposit (FD)
If the amount deposited in the fixed deposit is kept in the bank in the income tax scheme for 5 years, then that amount is eligible for tax exemption under Section 80C. Tax benefits of up to Rs 1.5 lakh can be made in it. There is an interest of 7-9% on the deposit amount. However, every bank pays different interests in it. One problem in this is that if you withdraw the deposit after the maturity period, then the amount received as interest is added to the taxable income.
4. National Savings Certificate (NSC)
NSCs are used to save tax in the financial year in which they are purchased. Under Section 80c, up to 1.5 lakh can be invested in NSC to save taxes. NSCs can be purchased from registered post offices but have a maturity period of 5 years. Interest is paid annually, but this interest is taxed. The current interest rate on the NSC for the financial year 2016-17 is 8.1%.
5. Investment in Unit Linked Insurance Plans (ULIP)
ULIPs are a mixture of insurance and investment. A portion of the amount invested in ULIP is used to provide insurance and the remaining amount is invested in the stock market. Investments up to Rs 1.5 lakh in ULIP are eligible to save income tax under Section 80C. ULIPs do not offer guaranteed returns because they are equity market-linked products. The disadvantage of ULIPs is that they do not clearly state where the investment has been made and how much money has been deducted for commissions and other expenses.
6. Investment in Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana
Under Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana, an account can be opened at any time from the birth of a girl till the age of 10 years. It can be deposited from a minimum of 1000 rupees to a maximum 1.5 lakh rupees every year. Income up to Rs 1.5 lakh is tax-free through this scheme under Section 80c. The interest rate for the financial year 2016-17 on the Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana has been set at 8.6%. There is no tax on the total interest received at the end of this plan. This account lasts for 21 years from the date of opening of the account or till the age of the girl is 18 years.
7. Senior Citizen Savings Scheme (SCSS)
Senior Citizen Savings Scheme (SCSS) is a product of the Government of India. It is one of the safest investment options. Individuals above 60 years of age can open this account. Investments cannot be withdrawn for 5 years under this scheme. The depositor can deposit this and extend it for 3 years. Depositors get 8% - 9% interest in this scheme. Interest received from the investment is not exempt from tax.
8. Tuition Fee of Children
The amount paid in the form of tuition fees for the education of one or two children is exempt from income tax and you can avail it under Section 80C. If the children are twins, then the third child can also get the benefit. Keep in mind that only the fees paid in India come under its purview.
9. Infrastructure Bond
Infrastructure bonds are popularly known as infra bonds. These are issued by infrastructure companies, the government does not release them. In this Section 80C gets a rebate of up to Rs 1 lakh in income tax while in Section 80 CCCF an additional exemption of Rs 20,000 is available.
10. Home Loan Payment
You are eligible for exemption under Section 80C of Principal Repayment of Home Loan. If you have bought a new house and taken a home loan for that, then you can take advantage of it in Section 80C. It is to be noted here that the Equated Monthly Installment (EMI) of a home loan has two components - "principal" and "interest". You will get exemption under Section 80C only for the amount of principal share. The interest portion is also eligible for income tax exemption but not under 80C, which is under section 24.
In this way, you can save income tax in the above 10 ways. It is important to keep in mind here that the government gives a discount on investing money in all these mediums so that the trend of saving and investment can be promoted among the people.
This type of investment can reduce the risk of people and at the same time increase the flow of money in the economy, which will be helpful in meeting the financial shortage in important sectors.
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How to apply for Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (PMGKY), And how to avail?
To deal with the Corona crisis, the Government of India announced the 'Poor Welfare Package' on March 26, 2020, so that no poor would starve at the time of lockdown and benefit the needy. Under this, a relief package of Rs 1.70 lakh crore was announced. The government's Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana has proved to be helpful in this difficult time. Let's know this scheme and how to apply it?
Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (PMGKY): Several other relief packages have been announced under the Self-Reliant India Campaign. According to Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, it has been decided to continue the EPF support for trade and workers for the next 3 months i.e. till August.
Under the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana, the central government was to provide 5 kg wheat or rice and 1 kg pulses of choice every month for the next three months (March, April and May) to the poor. The main objective of the announcement of the Poor Welfare Package is to help the poorest people by giving them food and money in their hands, so that they do not have to face difficulties in purchasing the necessary supplies or items and meeting their essential needs.
About Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana
Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (PMGKY) was launched in 2016 by the Government of India. Under this scheme, the government gave the people a chance to pay interest on their undisclosed income along with the penalty.
Under this, there will be a 50 percent tax and penalty on the disclosures. The remaining 25 percent of the amount will be deposited in the bank for 4 years, on which no interest will be paid.
It can be understood that under the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana, 30 percent tax will be given on the amount deposited, 33 percent surcharge on tax and 10 percent penalty.
This will be about 50 percent of the amount deposited. Apart from this, 25% of the declared amount will have to be deposited under the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana and there will be no interest on this amount and this amount will remain blocked for 4 years.
According to the Corona Relief 'Poor Welfare Package' announced by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman:
· Provision for opening bank branches.
· There are about 3.5 crore registered workers in the welfare fund for building and other construction workers. Under this scheme, the central government has passed orders to use funds of Rs 31,000 crore to provide relief to the states.
· Transfer of cash to poor and migrants under PMGKY.
· Around 80 crore persons will be covered under PMGKY (Food Scheme). Under this, everyone will get 5-5 kg of wheat or rice in addition to what they are already getting. It depends on whether he takes rice or wheat. Considering the importance of protein in Corona's crisis, the government will also provide 1 kg of pulses of their choice to each household for the next three months.
· Medical insurance cover of ₹ 50 lakh per health worker.
· Through the PM-KISAN scheme, farmers are getting ₹ 6000 every year. In April 2020, its first installment of Rs 2000 will be put into the account by the government. It is estimated that about 8.69 crore farmers are expected to benefit from this immediately.
· The government hopes that about 13.62 crore families will be benefited through MNREGA. Under the PMGKY, MNREGA wages will be increased by Rs 20 from April 1, 2020. Every laborer will get an additional benefit of Rs 2,000 annually due to an increase in wages under MNREGA.
· Farmers, MNREGA, widows, poor pensioners, Divyang, women under Jan Dhan Yojana, women and families under Ujjwala scheme, livelihood mission, self-help groups for women, EPFO, organized workers under construction workers and in total eight parts Cash transfer will be done through District Mineral Fund Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT).
· For the next three months, Divyang, poor senior citizens, widows will be given ₹ 1000.
· Self-help groups: Women organized through 63 lakh self-help groups (SHGs) provide the necessary support to 85 crore families. The collateral-free loan limit will be increased from Rs 10 lakh to Rs 20 lakh.
· The population below the poverty line i.e. about 3 crore families will be given free LPG cylinder for three months.
· For the next three months, the Government of India will pay EPF contribution, both employees and employers (12% each). Primarily, this benefit will be given to companies in which less than 100 employees work and earn less than 15,000. Now it has been extended for the next three more months i.e. June, July and August to make India self-sufficient. That is, 2500 crore EPF support for trade and workers for 3 more months.
· For the organized sector, the rules of the EPFO scheme will be amended so that employees will be allowed to receive a non-refundable advance of 75 percent of the total amount from their accounts or a remuneration of three months, whichever is less. Families of four crore workers registered under EPF can avail of this facility.
· Jan Dhan account holders who are about 40 crore women will be given an ex-gratia of Rs 500 per month for the next three months to meet their household expenses. People have started getting benefits from the scheme from April 1, 2020.
Let us now see about the benefits of the Prime Minister's ration subsidy scheme.
Under this scheme, all ration cardholders can avail and ration subsidy will be provided to about 80 crore beneficiaries of the country.
In the country, people will be given wheat at the rate of Rs. 2 per kg and rice at the rate of Rs. 3 per ration for three months.
Tell you here that under the Prime Minister's Ration Subsidy Scheme, 80 kg of ration will be provided by the government to 80 crore beneficiaries for 3 months.
Candidates are not required to register for the benefits of the poor welfare scheme. For this, the government has not issued any manual.
When ration is available, you should get in touch with your ration dealer, in some districts the government has started the process of distribution. Those who have to receive money will come to their account through DBT mode.
So these are the Prime Minister's Poor Welfare Package announced for the poor and needy by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on the second day of lockdown, so that daily salaried workers can get benefits to fight the economic crisis.
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What are the chemical accident rules in India?
The gas leak tragedy in Visakhapatnam and several other industrial accidents in the past have highlighted the need to amend chemical accident regulations to mitigate the disaster. Let us study in detail about chemical accident rules in India through this article.
Humans are affected by chemical disasters and the number of casualties also increases and it also damages nature and property.
Visakhapatnam gas leak accident is not the first accident in India, there have been many such industrial accidents in India in the past. Here, we are providing information about some gas leak accidents in India:
· The accident occurred due to a blast in Bhilai Steel Plant of SAIL in Chhattisgarh in October 2018, in which about 9 people died and around 14 people were injured. According to officials, the gas pipeline exploded due to uneven pressure in the gas pipeline for the past few days.
· In May 2017, more than 300 students of Rani Jhansi Sarvodaya Kanya Vidyalaya in Tughlakabad, Delhi were admitted to the hospital due to gas leak near their school. Officials said that it was a chemical leak in the customs area of Tughlakabad depot.
· In March 2017, there was another accident in Kanpur cold storage, in which about 4 people died and about 12 people were injured. The accident occurred due to an ammonia gas leak, resulting in a powerful explosion in the cold storage unit at Shivrajpur, Kanpur. The building collapsed due to the explosion and more than 25 people were trapped. The facility was used to store potatoes.
· In June 2014, the GAIL pipeline in Andhra Pradesh caught fire following a gas leak from a pipeline. About 15 people were killed and about 18 people were injured. It is said that fire spread within a radius of about 1 km and people were surrounded by flames and came out of their homes.
· World's worst chemical industrial disaster which India witnessed in 1984 "Bhopal gas tragedy". Over 40 tonnes of toxic methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas was leaked from a pesticide plant. It was owned by the American firm Union Carbide Corporation and killed thousands of people in the city.
· After the accident, many more people had to suffer from breathing problems, eye irritation and blindness etc. Upon investigation, it was discovered that the plant lacked safety procedures and the staff was also low which led to the leak.
· Some chemical regulations came into existence in India after the 1984 Bhopal gas tragedy, before the Indian Penal Code (IPC) was the only relevant law specifying criminal liability for such incidents. The government has enacted several laws regulating and specifying and protecting the environment including the Bhopal Gas Leakage (Processing of Claims) Act, 1985, Environmental Protection Act, 1986, Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991, National Environmental Appeal Authority Act, 1997 Passed the chain. Let us now study about chemical regulations in India.
After the 1984 Bhopal gas disaster, the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) notified two sets of rules to regulate the manufacture, use and handling of hazardous chemicals. These rules were:
o Manufacture, Storage and Import Hazardous Chemicals (MSIHC) Rules, 1989 (Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals (MSIHC) Rules, 1989)
o Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparation and Response) (CAEPPR) Rules (1996) (Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Response), (CAEPPR) Rules, 1996).
Chemical (MSIHC) Rules, 1989: Objectives
o It is necessary to prevent major chemical accidents from industrial activities.
o Limiting the effects of chemical (industrial) accidents.
Further, as stipulated by the MSIHC Rules, 1989, occupants of Major Accident Hazard, MAH units are responsible for preparing an on-site emergency plan. While the Chief Inspector of Factories (CIF) is also required to organize off-site emergency plans in consultation with the officers of the district.
CAEPPR Rules, 1996
It established a statutory backup for crisis management and set criteria for identification of Major Accident Hazard, MAH establishments. It is also necessary to establish crisis management groups for all districts with such establishments.
MoEF proposed in 2016 to upgrade the rules to keep pace with the times. An amendment to the rules was drafted for stakeholder consultation. But the rules could not be finalized.
Some common hazardous chemicals are:
Acetone, Acetylene Gas, Ammonia Gas, Argon Gas, Benzene, Caustic Soda (Sodium Hydroxide), Chlorine Gas, Hydrochloric Acid, Hydrogen, LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas), Methanol (Methyl Alcohol), Naphtha, Phosphoric Acid, Sulfuric Acid, Tri Nitro toluene (TNT) etc.
We hope that you have received information about chemical regulations in India.
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New Facebook Appearance Updated Feature
Facebook reported some time ago that its design on the desktop is about to change. Now, this social media site has gone live in a new avatar worldwide. In March, Facebook redesigned the desktop for some of its users and rolled out some users, but is able to use Facebook in a new avatar for every user. Let me tell you that Facebook announced the new desktop design in F8 last year, which was going to come with Dark Mode. This new interface will be faster and easier to use than its previous version.
Facebook.com provides more streamlined navigation approaches after this update. Apart from this, it also makes the task of finding videos, games and groups easier. Facebook claims that the home page and other page transitions also load much faster, which will now provide an experience similar to mobile usage.
Facebook stated in its new blog post that now all the users around the world can use this new web design. This new design comes with a dark mode toggle, which allows users to switch to dark mode whenever they need to. You will find this new dark mode switch in the dropdown menu in the upper right, which you can use to reduce the eye strain.
In the new desktop design, you will see the profile link on the right, under the profile link you will see the epidemic Information Center page. Apart from this, the online friends list will appear on the right, while the Facebook feed will be located in the middle.
The feature inside the interface
On the top panel of Facebook, you will see the '+' sign, which is not only given for posting but with the help of this, you will get the facility to create events, pages, groups and even advertisements on Facebook. Apart from this, Facebook also informed in its blog that after creating a user group, it can be previewed in real-time and can also see how it looks on mobile. A section of Watch has also been added on the top panel of Facebook, in which the list of videos based on your viewing history will be suggested. Apart from the Watch, we also saw a new 'Gaming' option on the top panel, which lists the games that users can play in their free time.
Everything from the chat window to the profile has been redesigned on the Facebook desktop, which has now been rolled out globally for all users. As we mentioned earlier, this feature was first released for some users in March, but now all users around the world can use it.
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India's rank in various indexes and international reports
India's HDI ranking in the year 2019 is 129 which is one rank better than the previous year. A total of 189 countries participated in this ranking. Norway occupies the top position in HDI rank 2019 while Burundi is at the bottom. Read this article to know India's rank in various indexes and international reports.
Different countries are ranked in many international reports and indexes every year based on their health, education, women's empowerment, trade and business environment etc. In this article, we have published the report of some famous international institutes like World Bank, IMF and World Economic Forum and have also given the status of India in them.
1. Human Development Index (HDI) Rank 2019 (HDI Ranking 2019)
The Human Development Index ((HDI), states the state of human development based on certain parameters around the world. This index uses three criteria to determine a country's human development ranking. These are the criteria;
i. Life expectancy index
ii. Education Index: Includes; a. Average year of school index b. Expected years of school index
iii. Life status
The Human Development Index (HDI) was developed in 1990 by Pakistani economist Mahbub-ul-Haq and later helped by Indian economist Amartya Sen.
The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) issues HDI reports every year. The latest HDI Report 2020 was released by UNDP on October 24, 2019. The latest report was titled, "Beyond income, Beyond averages, Beyond Today: Inequalities in Human Development in the 21st Century".
Indian HDI Rank in the year 2019: 129 (one rank better than last year)
Total countries participated; 189
TOP position: Norway
Lowest place: Burundi
Note: The Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) in 2010. In the year 2019, India's IHDI rank is 130.
2. Global Talent Competitive Index (GTCI) 2020
This index has been released by the Business School INSEAD in collaboration with Addeco and Google. This year this report is based on Global Talent in the era of Artificial Intelligence.
Indian Rank: 72
Total participating countries: 132
Top Rank: Switzerland
3. Ease of Doing Business Rank 2019 (Ease of doing Business Rank 2019): -
This report is published every year by the World Bank. It was started in 2002. This report basically reports how easily a business can be started in a country? If a country has too many obstacles like red tape and government approval, then the ranking of that country will definitely be lower.
India is making very good progress in this ranking. The Indian rank is ranked 63 in 2019, which is an improvement of 14 places from the previous year's ranking. From 2017 to 2020, New Zealand is at the top position and Singapore is at the second position in the same period.
4. Global Competitive Report 2019 (Global Competitive Report 2019): -
This report is released every year by the World Economic Forum. In the Competitive Report 2019, India slipped 10 places and was ranked 68. 141 countries participated in the ranking of 2019.
Singapore topped this ranking while it was followed by the US and Hong Kong. This report was first published in 2004.
The report is based on these 12 parameters. These are as follows;
i. Higher education and training
ii. Good health and primary education
iii. Innovation
iv. Proper Infrastructure
v. Production of new goods using the most sophisticated production processes
vi. Ability to tap existing technology
vii. Institutional Support
viii. Stable Macroeconomic Framework
ix. Efficient Goods Market
x. Skilled labor market
xi. Developed Financial Markets
xii. Size of both domestic and international markets
5. Global gender gap report 2020
The Global Gender Gap Index is an index designed to measure gender equality in the country. The Global Gender Gap Report was first published in 2006. The 2020 report (published in 2019) is based on 153 countries.
This report is published every year by the World Economic Forum (WEF). There are four parameters on the basis of which the ranking is released.
i. Political Empowerment
ii. Economic participation and opportunity
iii. Education
iv. Health and Survival
Indian Rank: 112 (4 places below last year). India lags behind neighboring countries like China, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. Iceland (first rank) is the most gender-neutral country while Yemen is the lowest. This means that Yemen has the highest gender inequality. There is a lot of discrimination against women.
6. World Economic Outlook Report 2000 (World Economic Outlook Report 2000)
This report is issued by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). This report is based on the IMF's prediction about the performance of the global economy. The April 2020 World Economic Outlook report says that the global economy is expected to shrink by 3% in the year 2020.
The IMF estimated that the Indian economy will grow at a rate of 1.9% in 2020, while in 2021 this rate will be 7.4%. Geeta Gopinath of Indian origin is the chief economist in the IMF and is considered very critical of the current economic reforms in India.
These were some important reports published by the world's top institutions and India's ranking among them. These reports and rankings are very important for various competitive exams. Therefore, the examines need to read this article carefully.
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Console Bond or Perpetual Bond are those bonds that have no maturity date. These too get fixed returns just like ordinary bonds. These bonds are also called war bonds, why they are also issued by the government to collect money during the war. The issuer of these has the option to buy back this bond after the stipulated period.
What is a bond?
In simple terms, a bond is a written document that gives a fixed return for a certain period to the buyer. When you buy a bond, you agree to lend your money to a company or government for a fixed period at a fixed interest rate. In return, that company promises to give you a fixed return every year.
When a bond is issued by a private company, it is called Corporate Bonds. This type of bond gives higher returns but the risk is also higher.
On the other hand, if a bond is issued by the government, it is called Government Bonds and the returns on these bonds are low but the security is high.
What is Perpetual Bond?
The bond issuing is returned to the principal amount of the ordinary bond for the duration for which it is purchased, as well as the fixed return for a fixed period.
But a Perpetual Bond is different from this, it has no maturity period, plus the institution that issues the bond does not return the principal amount even after the maturity period is completed. But if the bond issuer wishes to buy back that bond.
If the issuer of the perpetual bond does not buy back this bond, then the bondholder will always get a fixed return on this bond. It is also a kind of equity bond because you get shares inequity as long as you keep the shares with you.
Can Perpetual Bonds be Redeemed?
It cannot be redeemed as per the wishes of the investor. Yes, it can be redeemed if the issuer wishes.
Conversely, if you sell it to someone else, you can get the principal amount.
Thus the biggest advantage of Perpetual Bond is that it will continue to give its buyer a fixed interest or return for a very long time or for eternity.
Why is it called a war bond?
In fact, the British Treasury issued Perpetual Bonds during World War I in 1917 to cover the cost of war, at which interest is still being paid at the rate of 5%. However, the British Government has bought back 10% of the bonds of this perpetual bond, ie now these 10% perpetual bond holders will not get any interest every year.
Similar perpetual bonds were issued by the British government during the South Sea Bubble of 1720. In fact, at this time war was going on between France and Britain and due to the money crunch, the British government borrowed a few million pounds from a company called South Sea and issued perpendicular bonds and monopoly to trade in South America. Had also given This bond has been going on till now and the British Government is still paying interest.
Presently, the Treasury of the Government of India has also become quite empty in the battle of Corona, so there are reports that the Government of India is also considering raising 12 thousand crore rupees by the market with the help of Corona Bond, which is only perpendicular bond money.
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Nepal has strongly objected to a road project connecting India and China.
According to news agency AFP, this matter is so hot in Nepal that dozens of protesters gathered in front of the Indian embassy in Kathmandu on Saturday.
Police had to arrest them to maintain security. India's defense minister Rajnath Singh on Friday inaugurated the 90-km long road via video link.
This road connects Ghatiyabagarh in the state of Uttarakhand to the Lipulekh Pass in the Himalayan region.
At present, the travel to Kailash Mansarovar takes around two to three weeks through Sikkim or Nepal routes. Lipulekh route had a trek of 90 Km through high altitude terrain and the elderly yartris faced lot of difficulties. Now, this yatra will carried out using vehicles.
— रक्षा मंत्री कार्यालय/ RMO India (@DefenceMinIndia) May 8, 2020
On Nepal's objection, Indian Ministry of External Affairs spokesperson Anurag Shrivastava said on Saturday, "The road which has been inaugurated recently in Pithoragarh district falls entirely in Indian territory. Pilgrims going to Kailash Mansarovar Yatra from this road Go. "
Ghatiyabagarh-Lipu Lekh Road Why so important?
According to the News Services Division of the Government of India, the Border Roads Organization has completed the road construction work from Dharchula to Lipulekh.
This road is also famous as the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra Marg. On Friday, Defense Minister Rajnath Singh sent the first convoy of vehicles from Pithoragarh.
The government says that for the first time the border villages will be connected by this road.
The Kailash Mansarovar pilgrims will be relieved from the difficulty of this 90 km long route and the trains will be able to go to the Chinese border.
Dharchula-Lipulekh road is an extension of the Pithoragarh-Tawaghat-Ghatiyabagarh route. This road starts from Ghatiyabagarh and ends at Lipulekh Pass which is the gateway to Kailash Mansarovar.
The reason for Nepal's objection
Nepal claims that the Lipulekh Pass is its territory. Nepal has also cited the Sugauli Treaty of 1816 in favor of this claim.
Nepal says that the Sugauli Treaty determines its western border with India. Under the treaty, the area east of the Mahakali river which includes Limpiyadhura, Kalapani and Lipulekh are areas of Nepal.
Not only this, but Nepal also makes its claim on the area of Kalapani, which is attached to the Lipulekh Pass. However, Indian soldiers have been stationed in Kalapani since the India-China war of 1962.
Nepal's Foreign Ministry issued an official statement on Saturday, saying, "This unilateral action of India is against the agreement to resolve the border dispute between the two countries through negotiation".
Kalapani controversy
Last year, India showed Kalapani in its map, about which Nepal had also protested.
Kalapani is 35 square kilometers of land in Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand. Indo-Tibetan Border Police personnel are stationed here.
The Indian state of Uttarakhand has a border of 80.5 km from Nepal and 344 km from China. The origin of the river Kali is Kalapani.
India has also included this river in the new map. Sugauli Treaty was signed between the East India Company and Nepal in 1816.
The Kali River was then lined up between East India and Nepal on the western border. When there was a war between India and China in 1962, the Indian Army built an outpost in Kalapani.
Nepal claims that in 1961, before the Indo-China war, Nepal conducted a census here and India did not raise any objection.
Nepal says that India's presence in Kalapani is a violation of the Sugauli Treaty.
Our great neighbour India is the seventh-largest country in the world, with a total area of 3,287,263 square kilometres. Yet it is not enough for India. It wants a few kilometres more to include Nepal's Limpiyadhura, Kalapani and Lipulekh. pic.twitter.com/FJrvZ9tzV5
— Bipin Adhikari 🇳🇵 (@BipinLAW) May 9, 2020
Response in Nepal
Nepal police say that at least 38 protesters protesting outside the Indian embassy in Kathmandu and elsewhere have been arrested.
The national-level lockdown is currently underway in Nepal due to the Epidemic. But despite this, people opposing this road came on the road.
The #backoffindia hashtag was also trending on Twitter in Nepal on Saturday.
The interesting thing was that when India sealed the border with Nepal in 2015, the same hashtag was trending.
Strong objection made by Government led Nepal Communist Party(NCP) against india's wrong deed constructing n operating road over Nepal's territory in Lipulekh region. #BackOffIndia pic.twitter.com/WIKzeP1F9x
— डा. गोथे🇳🇵🙏 (@Dr_Gothe) May 9, 2020
Nepal's constitution expert Bipin Adhikari has said, "Our great neighbor India is the seventh-largest country in the world with a border of 3,287,263 square kilometers. But that's not enough for them. They want a few more kilometers so that Nepal's Limpiyadhura, Kalapani and Let the scripture account be theirs. "
This press release means nothing unless Nepal government stations its army in these disputed land. Indians are always the same, they have this habit of encroaching lands in Nepal and other minority countries. Nepal Government should take firm actions against it.#BackoffIndia pic.twitter.com/tNKdZvFdNS
— Bijay Pathak (@bj_pathak) May 9, 2020
Diplomat Bheesh Bahadur Thapa, who was Nepal's ambassador to India, told news agency AFP, "Both sides have admitted that there is a dispute over the area. But unilateral and forceful action from India during the negotiations has brought the friendly relations between the two countries Damaged. "
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List of major labor laws in India: a brief introduction
Indian labor law insists on establishing clear business relations between employees and employers. The main objective of all these labor laws is to protect the interests of workers so that they get other benefits like fair wages, fixed hours of work, job security and bonuses.
In India, labor laws fall in the concurrent list of the constitution, so the central government has the power to make laws for the whole country.
In the outbreak of an epidemic, many states have relaxed labor laws in favor of employers/investors to attract foreign investment in their states. This exemption may violate labor laws in India.
For example, if the employer wishes, the employees can refuse to give some benefits, can also increase the working hours and can be fired at any time. The Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh governments have postponed most labor laws for 3 years by bringing an ordinance.
In this article, we have explained some important labor laws and their provisions.
List of major labor law in India
a) Workers Compensation Act, 1923
b) The Trade Unions Act, 1926
c) The Payment of Wages Act, 1936
d) The Industrial Employment (Standing Order) Act 1946
e) Indian Industrial Disputes Act, 1947
f) Minimum Wages Act, 1948
g) Factories Act, 1948
h) Maternity Benefit Act, 1961
i) Bonus Payment Act, 1965
j) MRTU and PULP Act, 1971
k) Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972
l) Labor Law Compliance Rules
m) Employees Provident Fund
n) Employee State Insurance
o) Collective Bargaining
p) Unorganized Workers Social Security Act, 2009
q) Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Prevention) Act, 2013
Now we know a little about the provisions of some important labor laws of India.
1. The Trade Unions Act, 1926 (The Trade Unions Act, 1926)
Trade unions are a very strong medium for securing the rights of employees. It is only with the help of these unions that the higher management of the company is persuaded by the workers to make the proper demands of the employees.
Article 19 (1) (c) of the Indian Constitution gives "the right to form a union or union". The Trade Unions Act 1926, was amended in 2001.
2. The Payment of Wages Act 1936
This law ensures that workers should get wages/salaries on time and without any unauthorized deduction. Section 6 of the Wage Act 1936 states that wages should be paid to the laborer in the currency itself and not in any other thing like currency, such as cow, goat, or any similar currency.
3. Industrial Disputes Act 1947
The Act contains provisions regarding the dismissal of permanent employees. It explains how an employee can be fired.
According to this law, an employee who has been working for more than one year can be fired from the job only if permission is sought and permission is given by the appropriate government office / concerned authority.
Valid reasons must be given to an employee before dismissal. An employee with a permanent job can only be fired for proven misconduct or habitual absence from office.
4. Minimum Wages Act, 1948 (Minimum Wages Act, 1948)
This law ensures minimum wages to workers of various economic sectors. The state and central governments have the power to fix wages according to work and place.
This salary can be between 143 to 1120 rupees per day. This minimum wage may vary in the states of India.
The average wage rate for unskilled works under the MNREGA scheme has increased by 11 percent per day and now it has increased from Rs 182 to Rs 202 for 2020-21.
A MNREGA worker gets Rs 258 in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Rs 238 in Maharashtra and Rs 204 in West Bengal.
5. Maternity Benefits Act, 1961 (Maternity Benefits Act, 1961)
The Act provides maternity leave for pregnant women employees, that is, payment of full salary despite being absent from work. According to this act, women workers are entitled to a maximum of 12 weeks (84 days) of maternity leave.
This law will be applicable in all organized and non-organized, government and private offices where more than 10 employees work. Therefore, this law protects the jobs of women workers after pregnancy and childbirth. The act was amended in 2017.
6. Sexual Harassment of Women Employees at Workplace Act, 2013 at the workplace
The Act prohibits any form of sexual harassment of female workers at the workplace. This Act came into force from 9 December 2013.
Sexual harassment includes:
a) Showing pornography
b) seeking or requesting to have sex
c) Sexual comment
d) Spamming
e) Any other unwanted physical activity or non-verbal the behavior of a sexual nature
f) Hate remarks
This law should be implemented in all public or private and organized or unorganized sector offices that have more than 10 employees.
This law protects all women (except women employees of all ages and their employment status). Most Indian employers have not implemented this law, including some Indian and some multinational companies.
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Instagram users get new InstaProm sticker with AR effect, know what's special
Legendary photo-sharing app Instagram (Instagram) recently introduced stickers like 'How Can I Help' and 'Challenges' for its users. At the same time, now the company has launched another sticker on its platform, named #InstaProm. Insta Prom Sticker supports AR effects. Apart from this, the company has appealed to people to stay at home through this sticker.
Instagram released a short video
Instagram has released a short video on its official Twitter account showing this sticker, which depicts it. The company has tweeted and said that users can use this sticker in the story section. However, this sticker has not yet been received by all users. It is expected that this sticker will be available to all users in the coming days.
Today we’re launching some #InstaProm stickers and AR effects 🎉 We know prom might not be what you’d originally planned but we hope these help you celebrate with a DIY prom at home. Find them in your stories tray ✨ pic.twitter.com/V357UNy5hK
— Instagram (@instagram) May 2, 2020
Instagram fonts
Instagram had previously released new fonts. However, these fonts are currently in the testing phase and will soon be introduced for stable users. Currently, only these typewriters, strong, classic, modern and neon fonts are available in the Instagram Story section, which users can use.
Desktop users will soon get these stickers
Instagram will soon release it's latest How Can I Help 'and' Challenges' stickers for desktop users. Apart from this, the company will soon launch more new features for users.
Also, Check - Big update coming in Google Duo can be used without mobile number
Zoom App was the most downloaded in India despite the government's warning
Twitter is testing new features, will get alert on abusive tweeting
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Big update coming in Google Duo, can be used without mobile number
Google is soon going to release a big update for Google Duo, the simplest app for video calling, after which users will be able to use this app even without mobile number. Please tell that the phone number is required to use Google Duo, but it is going to end soon.
The new update of Google Duo has been informed by developer Jen Manchun Wong, though an e-mail ID will be required to use the app. Let us know that Google has recently released a new update, after which 12 people can make video calling simultaneously from this app. Earlier only 8 people had the facility to do video calling simultaneously.
Google Duo is working on “Reachable with email address” setting pic.twitter.com/BbCiOhoW0Z
— Jane Manchun Wong (@wongmjane) April 30, 2020
Video calling has increased worldwide due to the lockdown, after which many companies are releasing updates for their apps. Just a few days ago, Google has also announced to make Google Meet free for all.
Significantly, Google has recently introduced Codec technology to improve the experience of Google Duo users, so that video calling can be done even in less network. Also, the quality of video calls will also improve.
Apart from this, the company has released another feature. Users will be able to click photos during the video call through this feature. The special thing is that users can click the picture through the tablet, smartphone and Chromebook and this photo will automatically reach the group members.
Also, Check - ZoomApp was the most downloaded in India despite the government's warning
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