#Comparative advantage
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Tom Nicholas just posted a video that summarizes like half a semester of business school and honestly teaches it better than a lot of my professors, while also ensuring the viewer is aware of the moral and ethical failings of free trade in the name of comparative advantage and global efficiency.
youtube
(Yes, for the unaware: I have a bachelor's degree in international business. I am also one of those people who graduated with a distinct distaste for much of the business world, related directly to the 'taking advantage of cheap labor and bullying less powerful entities is good, actually' model of economic theory that a lot of my classes pushed.)
#tom nicholas#education#economics#global economics#geopolitics#china#wto#united states#phoenix politics#youtube#videos#though I actually watched this on Nebula lol#comparative advantage#free trade#Youtube
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Comparative advantage is racist
Ricardo assumed in his model of comparative advantage that “both countries produce both goods”—indeed his assumption was that “all countries produce all goods”—while showing that specialization and exchange according to comparative cost advantage led to mutual benefit. The material fact was ignored that unit cost of production could not be defined for tropical goods in the cold temperate European countries where the output of such goods was and always will be zero, and hence absolute cost was not definable, let alone comparative cost advantage. The supply from domestic sources of a large range of goods was zero at any price, and this continues to be the case at present. Ricardo’s theory contained a simple material fallacy, the converse fallacy of accident, wherein a special case is assumed (both countries produce both goods) and is used to draw an inference (trade is mutually beneficial) that is then improperly applied to cases where the assumption is not true.17 Since Ricardo’s basic assumption was not true, the inference of mutual benefit did not follow. On the contrary, historical evidence shows that the less powerful country, obliged to specialize in export crops, loses out through area diversion (since augmenting cropped area needs state investment, which is not forthcoming), leading to falling domestic food grains output. It also sees a decline of domestic manufacturing output and an increase in unemployment when it is kept compulsorily open to imports of manufactures, since there is little unused land to absorb those thrown out of work.
Strongly recommend works by Utsa and Prabhat Patnaik on the role of agriculture in imperialism.
It seems that your cheap phones are not a god given right but actually a luxury sustained by imperialist inequality after all. Mirá vos.
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Friday 04 April 2025
Grand Strategy Newsletter
The View from Oregon – 335
The Lower Bound of Civilization
…in which I discuss thresholds of aggregation, medieval civilization. V. Gordon Childe, Jericho, Çatalhöyük, Göbekli Tepe, single-city civilizations, craft specialization, comparative advantage, minimal populations of civilizations, sacrifice, and cryonics…
Substack: https://geopolicraticus.substack.com/p/the-lower-bound-of-civilization
Medium: https://jnnielsen.medium.com/the-lower-bound-of-civilization-9dea5d70719f
Reddit: https://geopolicraticus.substack.com/p/the-lower-bound-of-civilization

#thresholds of aggregation#V. Gordon Childe#Jericho#Çatalhöyük#Göbekli Tepe#single-city civilizations#craft specialization#comparative advantage#minimal populations of civilizations#sacrifice#cryonics
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Long-term business benefits
#Business growth#Free local listings#Online business directory#Business opportunities#Local search platform#Community connection#Comparative advantage#Customer convenience#Long-term business benefits#Cross-platform presence#Business insights#Nagpur business listings#Digital marketing services#Local business promotion#PSK Technologies
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regulus: how's you time of the month going, remus?
remus: good. i'm feeling better, thanks. how's yours?
regulus: well, aside from it being the second time this month, i suppose it could be worse.
sirius: oh, twice in a calendar month? like a blue moon? that's so cool, reg!
regulus: it is not cool. and my ovaries do not respond to the moon phases or the tides, brother. i am not as interesting as your werewolf boyfriend, i am just unlucky.
sirius: i didn't say it was because of the blue moon, i just made a comparison.
regulus: well, maybe you should compare yourself to a pile of hot garbage.
remus (whispering to james): he is indeed hot garbage.
james (whispering back to remus): i agree.
regulus: james, who gave you permission to speak?
james: you're right. i'm sorry, your highness.
regulus: better.
#back again to compare tboys w werewolves#like cmon#anyway#marauders era#the marauders#dead gay wizards#dead gay wizards from the 70s#mwpp#moony wormtail padfoot and prongs#remus lupin#sirius black#wolfstar#james potter#regulus black#jegulus#starchaser#sunseeker#platonic moonwater#and by platonic i mean they write poetry together and kiss from time to time#also james not knowing how to help is iconic you cannot tell me otherwise (regulus 100% takes advantage of him)#bee fangirls#marauders incorrect quotes#wolfstar incorrect quotes#jegulus incorrect quotes
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hc that Dazai made a point of calling Chuuya small when they met because Dazai was used to being the small one.
like, finally there was someone shorter than him. because let’s be real, Dazai was barely taller than Chuuya in Fifteen.
i think people forget how small Dazai was too— not just in height, but also in weight. He was underweight in Dark Era, but in Fifteen & even at present he's barely within the healthy weight range for his height. he was constantly described as a twig in Fifteen, and almost every time he's introduced in the light novels he's called lanky, slender, etc.
#even in terms of his present day height. like yes he’s tall#but he’s not even close to one of the tallest in bsd. he’s just tall compared to Chuuya#fic writers should really take advantage of the fact that Chuuya called Dazai a twig in 15#‘but what about broad shoulders Dazai?’ pretty sure that’s just how harukawa draws 😭 like basically every character has ‘broad shoulders’#if you look at it like that#i recently came to the realization that i gatekeep my hcs & theories fsr?? so i’m trying to change that lol#i wrote this in the tags of a post but figured it deserved its own post#rambling about bsd again#bsd#bungou stray dogs#soukoku#skk#bsd dazai#bsd chuuya#dazai osamu#nakahara chuuya#bsd analysis#bsd meta#tw weight#bsd hcs#skk hc
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listen i do appreciate canon marineford for the tragedy it is. however it does happen to also be extremely funny.
ace is on his knees on the execution platform, the same place the father that he despises and has tried to define himself outside for his whole life had knelt, thinking this might be the most fitting ending to the life long crashout ace started when he found out who his father was
and then in comes LUFFY, his cheerful persistent little menace of a brother, who has come to COP CENTRAL to break ace out PUBLICLY.
Not only that, but he’s staged a mass break out of the formerly inescapable prison IMPEL DOWN (HE WASNT EVEN LOCKED UP IN THERE? SO EVERYONES A LITTLE BIT CONFUSED AS TO HOW THAT HAPPENED???)
He also kind of looks like shit? But he’s fighting like he’s on day three of a methamphetamine high so no one can be sure how injured luffy Really is.
side note: luffy tanked a lung full of Kills You Dead Toxin and then got shot full of Lowers Your Lifespan Drug and on top of all that, DEMANDED the Super Lowers Your Lifespan Drug when he realized he might need anything resembling recovery time.
as an elder sibling myself, ace might’ve been truly grateful for being loved at the end, but i KNOW there’s a part of him that was INFURIATED that his kid brother managed to crash out harder than he did like OMG STOP COPYING ME FRRRRRRRRRR.
#one piece#marineford#portgas d ace#my posts#imagine being upstaged at your own execution by the snot nosed kid brother you used to bully for sport. PERSONALLY I WOULD BE FURIOUS.#ace looks at luffy like: surely his disregard for his own life and reckless actions have nothing to do with my influence on him as a child.#surely not!#ace and sabo raised each other and luffy. and i do think that the crashout gene that the three of them seem to share is directly bc of that#like luffy and sabo were professional crash outs before. like there’s a certain level of ‘idc if i get beat to shit i’m taking you with me’#that growing up fighting tigers and bears and wolves or whatever instills in a person#but after marineford? you cannot tell me that luffy and sabo aren’t fighting for the empty throne of crashout king in aces honor.#sure they have REASONS for what they do. but the casual disregard for ANY personal consequences post marineford is kind of awe inspiring.#after luffy beat enels ass with the golden mii fists after getting his ass beat into the ground three full times i truly thought that#was as far as luffys ‘crashout harder than my opponent’ strategy went. pre time skip luffy crashouts are NOTHING compared to post time skip.#and given how sabo is rolling in the manga rn he’s doing the same thing#like it’s one thing to want to fight someone bc they fucked with a homie#it’s another thing entirely to think the solution is shouting your name address and social security at them repeatedly#before you fight Unkillable David the Destroyer with nothing but hands flip flops and a dream#before marineford he was somewhat cognizant of his own mortality. not by much mind you but enough to have that shit make him pause for a#second#i promise that if crocodile had the same amnt of advantage over luffy and tossed his ass into the sandpit after beating luffy to a pulp#luffy would EAT the sand and get back to fighting crocodile#crashout is an excellent word. that describes such a specific state of mind and set of actions. and it is THE most succinct answer to the#question: what the fuck is wrong with the ASL brothers.#the only difference between an irl d1 crashout and monkey d. luffy is that he’s dodged most if not all consequences.
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Being an osc fan who loves chars who are complicated and mean is hell. Only men and silly characters get to stay in.
#idk if its intentional but a lot of the time the host is mean- and it balances out the fact that mean chars get eliminated 😭#conflict is necessary but if ur chars cant do that then u gotta use the host.#I miss mean flower. she only ever won bc she went through an arc.#cabby too. I wish she had stayed 'mean!' i liked her better before the rejoin. she had every right to use her notes to her advantage.#i cld go give u a list of male chars ppl love compared to female chars who act the same and are hated#this is abt tpot im so pissed pin is out over tree#but also i just share this sentiment across all the object shows im into shrug.#talking#tpot#inanimate insanity#osc
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Features I would like to see in hedgehogs in future Sonic the Hedgehog games

#sonic series#sonic the hedgehog#sth#shadow the hedgehog#silver the hedgehog#amy rose#Sonic#Shadow#Silver#Amy#Compared to other characters#Sonic is just a guy who runs fast.#I don't know how to explain the Shadow part#I could be wrong. But I think Sega doesn't take advantage of the fact that Silver is a survivor of a hellish world.#I know you have a huge argument about Amy#But from an early age she always had this compassion thing.#And I would like you to explore this feature again and again.
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Wrote over 1k on the train on my way in to work. Topic is trade imbalances and why they're a poor choice of dictating factor for tariffs
(Still not done tho)
As usual my goal is to explain it in a simple enough way that the average 9th grade student could at least somewhat understand it. Not ELI5 so much as ELIF: explain it like I'm a freshman.
#Phoenix Talks#economics#trade imbalance#we're gonna be talking about comparative advantage and global trade networks. and colonial poverty.
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shitty and dangerous friend vs literal eldritch god physically and psychologically abusing his ex-worshipper to the brink of complete insanity

#it’s honestly stupid but it just pisses me off that ppl think this is the same dynamic#yes ford brought fiddleford into very dangerous and traumatic situations and dismissed his concerns#but fiddleford had complete autonomy the entire time. he could back out if he wanted#i think when ppl compare these dynamics they’re thinking of billford through a watered down lens#when bill literally took advantage of a praise-hungry man who was ridiculed his whole life and used him until he was no longer useful#ford’s assholishness was due to neglect#not maliciousness#ford pines#gravity falls#stanford pines#also bill was planting seeds of doubt into his mind and actively encouraging him to distrust fiddleford#i cannot stress how much these are Not The Same#bill wanted to completely control ford’s life#ford simply wanted a lab partner#and i also cannot stress enough that i am Not excusing ford’s behavior i just don’t think it’s on the same level as bill’s treatment of ford#bill cipher#fiddleford mcgucket#cw abuse mention#fictional abuse#book of bill
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I feel like Aimilios would also have his own little ‘resentment period’ towards Dusknoir when he returns years later. But not in the same way Ribbon’s secretly berates and spits venom when Celebi/Grovyle have their backs turned.
Aimilios’s aura sensing was the biggest double-edged sword for the riolu. Not only because of how he was able to tell when Dusknoir was lying, and turning a blind eye, but also how the aura pup was able to tell when he was being genuine. When he was enjoying his time in the present with them, even as ‘The Great Dusknoir’. When he consistently fretted over him and Ribbons. When he laughed with them while ordering drinks from Spinda’s. When he held back during training sessions—
When he held back during their fight at the temple.
Aimilios… knew for the longest time. That Dusknoir was pulling his punches, but never spoke a word of it to Ribbons. This only led to the fighting-type dealing with the haunting realization that the Gripper Pokémon could have done away with them so easily. Every time they were alone. When he trained them. When Aimilios felt vulnerable enough to sleep near him.
He could’ve killed them at any given moment.
So when he suggests that they talk alone on the beach. (The very same one he gave the Riolu false hope to of being ‘friends’, lying to his face.) Aimilios brokenly asks in the most hushed tone of voice why he stayed close. Even as Aimilios’s instincts, tell him, urge him, to run from Dusknoir. He silences the desperate pleas from his jittery body. Forcing himself to stay long enough to get the answer he wants— needs.
The answer to why. Why Dusknoir could have easily avoided them once he knew who Ribbons was. Or why he even indulged in them. Why he protected them as vigilantly as he did, if they were only a means to an end. Why he looked astonished whenever the small fighting-type showcased his sharp wit towards the elder ghost. Why he told Aimilios how proud he was whenever he landed a hit during their training. Why Dusknoir looked genuinely upset whenever he patched up his wounds.
Why Dusknoir listened to all of his small retellings of his journey with Ribbons with endearment. Why Dusknoir held him closer when he accidentally fell asleep on the gargantuan wraith. Why he held his paw whenever they traversed Treasure town together. Why Aimilios felt like his life was over staring down the Wood Gecko with his blood stained claws— before Dusknoir saved him. Why the wraith was the one who even bothered healing him, when the fatal wounds from Grovyle could have just—
Just. why why why— it would’ve made hating him so much easier if he didn’t do all of that. Aimilios would be just as resentful as Ribbons— but he isn’t. Because the smallest, desperatest part of him still missed Dusknoir. (And an even smaller part hoped he felt the same.)
So, he begs Dusknoir, to be honest with him. For once in his life.
And when he fails to respond in time (due to Aimilios sounding like he’s on the verge of tears. Unable to find the right words to not break the dam—)
“Aimilios, I—“
“You should’ve let Grovyle finish me off in the Azelf’s lake.”
Dusknoir eye only widens. Unable to look in the Riolu’s direction in fear of seeing his torn face. Yet his eye betrays him when it slowly trails towards the Aura Pokémon. Who’s already facing away— black, mittened paws covering the mess of tears spilling from his eyes.
“It—“ The aura pup’s breath hitches “I-It would’ve hurt less than this.”
#Riolu/Aimilios#pmd Dusknoir#(I can’t stop thinking about those two 😭#this would be around the first week Dusknoir returns)(before 1-2 months later Aimilios Starts seeking him [and his validation/comfort] out)#(Despite the suffocating fear telling him to run)#the difference between Dusknoir wanting to make amends with Ribbons as she grows more distant by the day#vs. how Dusknoir got Aimilios’s trust back almost immediately— but not taking advantage of his turmoil/emotional state.#he’s not taking that easy ticket to forgiveness. By Arcues he is going to earn his trust back— Naturally.#but… it also means being the one to distance from the Riolu to ensure he spends enough time reflecting of if a mended relationship with the#-Pokémon who nearly maimed him is worth it. God he wants to hold that Riolu tight in his arms— but not until he’s gotten his full consent.#Not driven from fear.#also I just think it’s fun that Aimilios isn’t emotionally intelligent compared to Ribbons#(in the same way she’s not as book smart as him.)#that riolu Will Fail to recognize sarcasm/when someone’s being cruel and mistake it for kindness#(am I sprinkling a certain hc abt Aimilios. maybe.)
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So Sadie and Lacy are friends, right? Right. And Percy and Annabeth know the Kanes are magicians and vice versa, right? Right.
I'm thinking either Percabeth find out that Lacy knows the Kanes and tell her that they're also involved with the supernatural, or Lacy overhears them talking about it, or something along those lines, and Lacy goes: "Cool. Cool cool cool cool cool. I guess there really was something weird about that school dance. Cool cool cool. ... Drew? Wanna do some sister bonding and go mess with them a bit?"
This is during Drew's healing/redemption arc, when she's down to do just about anything for her siblings to regain their favour. Though, admittedly, she doesn't need much prompting; her redemption is about her figuring out and respecting other people's boundaries, not completely removing her bitchiness, and she enjoys fighting Sadie.
So they go meet up with Sadie and Carter in like. A park or something. Lacy doesn't warn them about Drew. They are very much caught off guard, but neither demigod acknowledges the change in dynamic or the magicians' questions. Instead, they start pulling Weird Demigod Shit™ like:
Speaking in Ancient Greek
Playing with knives (daggers?) that seem to disappear between moments (either Mist manipulation or they have transforming weapons)
Mentioning their camp activities; y'know, arts and crafts, campfire songs, capture the flag, lava walls, archery, chariot racing, kayaking...
Badly describing monsters they've encountered without ever naming them
Charmspeaking the siblings into doing dumb (but harmless) things
Talking about the beyond-human feats they've accomplished
Discussing anything pertaining to their home/family lives, including that, surprise surprise, Lacy and Drew are siblings, and have even more!
If they're feeling comfortable enough, mentioning literally anything about the Second Titan or Giant Wars, like the automatons or what things they witnessed getting destroyed
Etc etc
Yes, Sadie and Carter are aware of Greek demigods, but it's probably something in the back of their minds, and something they know very little about, so they're. Very baffled and concerned, because they thought these two were normal! They thought they had a normal friend in Lacy, why is everything she's saying so concerning! And why is Drew agreeing with everything!
But they catch on eventually, obviously, and it's. Yeah, they find it a little wild, not just that these two specifically are demigods, but also that they'd encountered Greeks before the whole Ptolemy thing. But it's also pretty cool, to know more people from that side, and ones that aren't currently away for university, even if it'll take a bit for them to settle with Drew. They share their own experiences and magic system in a way they couldn't really do with Percabeth, since they were kind of in a crisis almost every time they met up. It's neat. Lacy and Drew get invited to the Brooklyn House for some magic showcasing, and maybe some sparring. They start bringing their other siblings along later on. They absolutely adore having a place to go outside of Camp, even if it means Drew has to deal with Sadie.
#pjo#rick riordan#pjo hoo toa#pjo fandom#pjo series#pjoverse#the kane chronicles#carter kane#sadie kane#drew pjo#drew tanaka#lacy pjo#i just think we should take more advantage of the fact that these four canonically know each other#and that Lacy is canonically friends with Sadie and by proxy Carter#and that the demigods are v not normal#arguably more so than the magicians due to sheer biology#and the bullshit they have to deal with it due to it and the way the Greek world works compared to tkc
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"I think somebody wormed me!" -- AvidMC, 2025
#misadventures smp#avidmc#context: he stole a goat from an npc who is now asking for him to be brought to justice#and as this npc is a chatbot it wouldn't have been able to say that unless one of the actual players told it avid stole the goat#avid is comparing this to the way that a bunch of the players took advantage of the way the chatbots work#to get another npc to tell everyone that another player (cam) has worms#the way avid chose to word this comparison. was as you see here
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So glad that everytime I post on reddit my dms either get full of creeps trying to get in my pants. OR people loudly exclaiming that I'm a pedophile and need my hard drives checked : )
#plushophile nsft#plushum nsft#objectum nsft#🧵ramblings#🧵ventish#so glad I went through half a decade of grooming and being taken advantage of only to be compared to my abusers ✌️#all over *checks notes* trying to reclaim some semblance of bodily autonomy : )
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ok maybe i’m not far enough into gaysbyland yet because who tf is robert gilman
a real piece of work is what he is… am i right @more-than-tender-curiosity
#he’s one of many many people who took advantage of young jay :(#well. comparatively young. he was older than me. nonetheless#he’s also exes with dan cody. this is canon trust#robert gilman#the great gatsby
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