#Data Recovery Exeter

[nanotechnologyworld]

Groundbreaking research led by Dr. Maciej Dąbrowski at the University of Exeter has developed ultrafast, laser-driven magnetic domain memories using 2D van der Waals materials. By leveraging their unique properties—low thermal conductivity and anisotropic heat dissipation—the team manipulated magnetism with sub-picosecond precision using laser pulses, turning heat management into an advantage. Controlling magnetic layer thickness enhanced heat dissipation and recovery, paving the way for efficient, non-volatile memory devices without external magnetic fields. Published in Nature, this study promises faster, smaller data storage solutions and advances in quantum technologies.

[sciencespies]

Ocean's mammals at crucial crossroads

https://sciencespies.com/nature/oceans-mammals-at-crucial-crossroads/

Ocean's mammals at crucial crossroads

The ocean’s mammals are at a crucial crossroads — with some at risk of extinction and others showing signs of recovery, researchers say.

In a detailed review of the status of the world’s 126 marine mammal species — which include whales, dolphins, seals, sea lions, manatees, dugongs, sea otters and polar bears — scientists found that accidental capture by fisheries (bycatch), climate change and pollution are among the key drivers of decline.

A quarter of these species are now classified as being at risk of extinction (vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered on the IUCN Red List), with the near-extinct vaquita porpoise and the critically endangered North Atlantic right whale among those in greatest danger.

Conservation efforts have enabled recoveries among other species, including the northern elephant seal, humpback whale and Guadalupe fur seal.

The international research team — led by the University of Exeter and including scientists from more than 30 institutions in 13 countries — highlight conservation measures and research techniques that could protect marine mammals into the future.

“We have reached a critical point in terms of marine mammal conservation,” said lead author Dr Sarah Nelms, of the Centre for Ecology and Conservation on Exeter’s Penryn Campus in Cornwall.

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“Very few marine mammal species have been driven to extinction in modern times, but human activities are putting many of them under increasing pressure.

“Our paper examines a range of conservation measures — including Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), bycatch reduction methods and community engagement — as well as highlighting some of the species that are in urgent need of focus.”

The researchers say 21% of marine mammal species are listed as “data deficient” in the IUCN Red List — meaning not enough is known to assess their conservation status.

This lack of knowledge makes it difficult to identify which species are in need of protection and what actions should be taken to save them.

Professor Brendan Godley, who leads the Exeter Marine research group, said: “To continue conservation successes and reverse the downward trend in at-risk species, we need to understand the threats they face and the conservation measures that could help.

“Technology such as drone and satellite imaging, electronic tags and molecular techniques are among the tools that will help us do this.

“Additionally, sharing best practice will empower us — and this is why we are so proud to be part of such a large and international group for this project.”

Story Source:

Materials provided by University of Exeter. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

#Nature

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[onsitetechhub]

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[quicktechweb]

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Carabao Cup Fixtures | Sky Sports

Tottenham carabao cup fixtures - Carabao Cup Fixtures, teams, draw dates & all you need to know |

Burton Albion 3. Accrington Stanley 3. Burton upon Trent. Akins 32 '. Derby County 2. Barrow 4. Fixtured Marriott Bird Shinnie Whittaker. Plymouth Argyle 3. Queens Park Rangers 2. Edwards 32 ' Mayor 55 ' Nouble 78 '. Crawley Town dixtures. Millwall liverpool today. Ashford 33 '. Gillingham 3.

Fixutres United 4. Ogilvie 27 '. Bristol City 2. Exeter City 4. Paterson 35 ' Semenyo 83 '. Tottenham carabao cup fixtures 4. Sheffield Wednesday 2.

Holden Gordon Adebayo Bates. Tottenham carabao cup fixtures Rovers 4. Harrogate Town 4. Vaughan 64 '. Crewe Alexandra 3. Lincoln City 3. Sass-Davies 55 '. Huddersfield Town 2. Rochdale 3. Huddersfield [b]. O'Connell 51 '. Bolton Wanderers 4. Bradford City 4. Sarcevic 47 '. Fleetwood Town 3. Wigan Athletic 3.

Grimsby Town 4. Morecambe 4. Green 35 '. Scunthorpe United 4. Port Vale 4. Loft 69 '. Sunderland 3. Hull City 3. Salford City 4. Rotherham United 2. Henderson 84 ' pen.

Tottenham Hotspur Fixtures

Barnsley 2. Nottingham Forest 2. Woodrow 49 '. Oldham Athletic 4. Carlisle United 4. Garrity 29 ' Grant 37 ' McAleny 89 '. Swindon Town 3. Charlton Athletic 3. Forest Green Rovers 4. Leyton Orient 4. Happe 23 ' o. Milton Keynes Dons 3. Coventry City 2. Milton Keynes. Walker 82 '.

Peterborough United 3. Cheltenham Town 4. Sercombe 59 '. Northampton Town 3. Cardiff City 2. Smith 33 ' Warburton 49 ' Watson tottenham carabao cup fixtures '. Luton Town 2. Norwich City 2. Collins 79 ' pen. Birmingham City 2. Tottenham carabao cup fixtures United 4. Cundy 18 '. Newport County 4. Swansea City 2.

Abrahams 7 '45 '. Oxford United 3. AFC Wimbledon 3. Brannagan 63 '. Reading 2. Colchester United 4. Ipswich Town 3. Bristol Rovers 3. Sears 29 '68 ' Chambers 44 '. Brentford 2. Wycombe Tottenham carabao cup fixtures 2. BrentfordLondon. Pinnock 32 '. Schmidt 22 ' Williams 34 '. BermondseyLondon. Leonard 19 ' Mahoney 49 ' Smith 62 '. Clark 24 '. Knight 51 '. French 4 ' o. Madden 14 ' J. Tottenham carabao cup fixtures how your comment data is processed.

Sign in. Log into your account. Forgot your password? Privacy Policy. Password recovery. Recover your password. Friday, April 9, Get help. Home Forum Spurs News. Fifty teams were involved in round two of the Carabao Cup, including Premier League clubs that are not participating in European competition. Like previous years, the draw was again split into 'northern' and 'southern' sections. The draw for the second round was made on September 6. Seventy clubs participated in the first round, with 24 teams from League Two tier four24 from League One tier threeand 22 from the Championship tier two.

The draw was divided between 'northern' and 'southern' sections. Teams were drawn against a team from the same section. As was the case inextra-time will be abandoned for all rounds visit this link for the final, with ties advancing straight to penalties in the event that the score is a draw at the end of regular time. This was introduced in order to limit issues of "additional important link, as Carabao Cup fixtures tottenham carabao cup fixtures take place in the middle of the week.

Video assistant refereeing VAR will continue to be in use in fixtures played tottenham carabao cup fixtures Premier League grounds. Additionally, this will mark the first instance in which the winner will also qualify for the play-offs of tottenham carabao cup fixtures brand-new Europa Conference League, instead of the second qualifying round of the Europa League. If both teams are level after the end of full-time during the second leg of either of the semi-final ties, the game will go directly to a penalty shoot-out with a no away goals rule implemented - a rule which began in Previously, the away-goal rule was used in the semi-final stage in the same manner as it is in the Champions League knockout rounds.

[tang92barbara]

List of Chelsea F.C. records and statistics - Wikipedia

Chelsea fc highest goal scorer - Alltime Chelsea Goal Scorers

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed. Chelsea fc highest goal scorer in. Log into your account. Password recovery. April 10, Forgot your password? Get help. Chelsea FC Latest News. Babayaro, Celestine. Hudson-Odoi, Callum. Mount, Mason. Abrams, Laurence. Cole, Ashley. Desailly, Marcel. Robertson, John T. Jackson, William.

Mikel, John Obi. Rudiger, Antonio. Russell, William. Belletti, Juliano. Fairgray, Norman. Goldbaek, Bjarne. Higuain, Gonzalo. McCreadie, Eddie.

Rhoades-Brown, Peter. Smethurst, Derek. Hoddinott, Frank. McKenzie, Duncan. Traore, Bertrand. Zenden, Boudewijn. Zouma, Kurt. Bakayoko, Tiemoue. Wigan Athletic 2 Chorley 3. Oxford United 1 Peterborough Uni. Hull City 2 Fleetwood Town 0. Stevenage 2 Concord Rangers 2.

List of Chelsea F.C. records and statistics

Walsall 1 Bristol Rovers 2. Swindon Town 1 Darlington 2. Rochdale 1 Stockport County 2. Bromley 0 Yeovil Town 1. Tranmere Rovers 2 Accrington Stanl. FC United of Man. Oxford City 2 Northampton Town 1. Cambridge United 0 Shrewsbury Town 2. Sunderland 0 Mansfield Town 1.

Cheltenham Town 3 South Shields 1. Bolton Wanderers 2 Crewe Alexandra 3. Havant and Water. Colchester Unite. Banbury United 1 Canvey 2. Boreham Wood 3 Southend United 3. Morecambe 4 Solihull Moors 2. Bradford City 1 Oldham Athletic 2. Newport County 3 Salford City 0. Barnet 0 Original site Keynes Do.

Gillingham 2 Exeter City 3. Harrogate 0 Blackpool 4. Plymouth Argyle 2 Lincoln City 0. Peterborough Uni. Stevenage 1 Hull City 1. Bristol Rovers 6 Darlington 0. Stockport County 3 Yeovil Town 2. Tranmere Rovers 1 Brackley Town 0. Carlisle United 1 Doncaster Rovers 2. Shrewsbury Town 1 Oxford City 0. Cheltenham Town 2 Crewe Alexandra 1. Marine 1 Havant and Water.

Canvey 0 Boreham Wood 3. Crawley Town 3 Leeds United 0. Burnley 1 Milton Keynes Do. Queens Park Rang. Manchester Unite. Aston Villa 1 Liverpool 4. Stockport County 0 West Chelsea fc highest goal scorer United 1. Blackburn Rovers 0 Doncaster Rovers 1. Cheltenham Town 2 Mansfield Town 1. Manchester Website link 3 Birmingham City 0. Nottingham Fores. Essential cookies are required for the operation of our website.

You may disable these but this may affect website functionality. Non-essential cookies help us improve the functionality of our website by collecting information and reporting on your use of the chelsea fc highest goal scorer as well as improving your fcc experience. Close Advert. Matches played 1, Wins Losses Goals 1, Goals Conceded 1, Clean sheets Didier Drogba.

Bobby Tambling. Roy Bentley. Peter Osgood. Jimmy Greaves. George Mills. Eden Hazard. Glal Hilsdon. Kepa Arrizabalaga. Athletic Chelsea fc highest goal scorer. Kai Havertz. Bayer Leverkusen. Real Madrid. Christian Chelssa. Borussia Dortmund. Fernando Torres. Ben Chilwell. Leicester City. Timo Werner. RB Leipzig.

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[hereisthepoint]

We've made progress to curb global emissions. But it's a fraction of what's needed

The global pandemic has seen an unprecedented drop in global emissions, with carbon dioxide down about 7% (or 2.6 billion tonnes) in 2020 overall compared to 2019.

But our research, published today in Nature Climate Change, found this may soon be undone, as unchecked economic recovery would see global emissions bounce back to pre-pandemic levels.

...

Indeed, the new data from the International Energy Agency suggests global emissions already started to rise again over the second half of 2020, potentially offsetting the drops during lockdowns. Although, it’s still too early to infer the size of the rebound for 2021.

Whatever strategies we put in place, one thing is for sure. Globally, we need to do a lot more: to deliver at least ten times more emissions cuts than our pre-pandemic efforts, while supporting economic recovery, human development, improved health, equity and well-being.

Pep Canadell, Chief research scientist, Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere; and Executive Director, Global Carbon Project, CSIRO; Corinne Le Quéré, Royal Society Research Professor, University of East Anglia; Glen Peters, Research Director, Center for International Climate and Environment Research - Oslo; Matthew William Jones, Senior Research Associate, University of East Anglia; Pierre Friedlingstein, Chair, Mathematical Modelling of Climate, University of Exeter; Robbie Andrew, Senior Researcher, Center for International Climate and Environment Research - Oslo; Rob Jackson, Professor, Department of Earth System Science, and Chair of the Global Carbon Project, Stanford University, and Steve Davis, Professor of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine

This article is printed in The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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If you get infected with the coronavirus 🦠, your life is over ~

Will the brain age as much as 10 years due to the aftereffects of the new corona infection?

Wednesday, October 28, 2020 17:55

Newsweek Japan version

<A terrifying study has shown that the brains of people with the new coronavirus can be up to 10 years old and their advanced thinking can be visibly diminished>

Studies have shown that people with a new coronavirus infection can have their brains aging for up to 10 years.

The study, conducted in the United Kingdom, tested thinking ability in more than 84,000 ex-patients who had completely recovered from a new coronavirus infection (including unidentified cases). The research results are posted on the site "medRxiv", which publishes medical papers in advance before being examined by experts. This result should be taken with caution as it has not undergone the rigorous peer review process required for publication in journals.

Participants in the study were all those who said they had been confirmed or suspected of being infected with the new coronavirus, and answered questions such as how long the symptoms lasted, their severity, and the presence or absence of underlying illness. It was. They also took tests to measure problem-solving ability, spatial memory, attention, and emotional accommodation.

The results of the thinking ability test were compared with those of people who had never been infected with the new corona for comparison. They found that former patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome performed worse on cognitive tests than non-infected individuals.

The association between the new corona and cognitive decline was greater in the severely ill, but it was clear that it was also associated with milder symptoms. In this study, patients without respiratory distress are defined as mild.

The more severely ill, the lower the thinking ability

The study revealed that the ability to be called higher cognition has a particularly noticeable sequelae.

Former patient's attention, logical thinking, especially the ability to develop logical thinking verbally, was told in this journal by co-author of the research paper, Adam Hampshire of the Imperial College London Department of Brain Science. ..

Former patients aged 20 to 70 years who were hospitalized and had severe respiratory symptoms and were ventilated had diminished thinking ability on average to the level of those 10 years older.

The only important predictors associated with cognitive impairment were the severity of respiratory symptoms and the presence or absence of infection, Hampshire told us. Other conditions, such as the presence or absence of a pre-existing condition, did not explain the trends found, he says.

The research data suggest that "new corona infections can have the sequelae of chronic cognitive decline," the team said. He also pointed out that many studies have shown that after recovery from the new coronavirus infection, neurological problems may occur due to complications such as stroke, immune system overreaction and inflammation. ..

"These results call for more detailed research into the causes of cognitive deficits that can occur in people who have survived the new coronavirus infection," the authors write.

2/2 page

Experts have also criticized the findings for not proving that the new coronavirus causes thinking problems.

Professor Joanna Wardlow of the University of Edinburgh, Applied Neuroimaging, said the results were limited because the research team did not have information about the subject's cognitive function before being infected with the new corona. .. The problem revealed in this study may also be a short-term phenomenon, she says.

Professor Derek Hill of the University College London (Medical Imaging Science) described the study as "interesting but inconclusive." He said the reliability of the information was questioned because the subject voluntarily reported whether he was infected with the new corona, and the former patient's "positive" was confirmed by the coronavirus test. He revealed that it was only a small part.

Hill also pointed out that he did not investigate the biological effects of the viral infection on the brain, for example by scanning the brain. "It is well known that cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease is associated with brain contractions that can be identified by MRI scans," Hill says.

David Strain, a senior clinical professor at the University of Exeter, said that the brain condition of some patients with new coronavirus infections, who are about 10 years older than non-infected individuals, has recovered from infections caused by other viruses. "It was much worse than the condition of."

Of the approximately 84,000 participants in this study, only 361 were positive for the virus test, so the study results are not definitive.

According to Hampshire, the low number of participants confirmed to be infected is due to the fact that at the time the study was conducted, few British were tested for the virus. "We are still recruiting participants for the study. If new corona-infected individuals participate, we will follow them in the future to see if their cognitive abilities really decline."

[sciencespies]

Climate change is turning Florida's sea turtles female. How long can these species survive?

https://sciencespies.com/biology/climate-change-is-turning-floridas-sea-turtles-female-how-long-can-these-species-survive/

Climate change is turning Florida's sea turtles female. How long can these species survive?

Leatherback sea turtle. Credit: Public Domain

Two dozen tiny leatherback turtles swam around in small tanks, attached by fishing lines to a system that kept them from hitting walls and hurting themselves. As an open-water species, leatherbacks don’t recognize barriers, so they are kept on leashes at Florida Atlantic University’s lab at Gumbo Limbo Nature Center in Boca Raton.

   It was lunchtime and professor Jeannette Wyneken was feeding them a concoction she perfected over the years: organic gelatin, fish oil, protein and vitamins, shaped into little squares. Leatherbacks are picky eaters, feeding mostly on jellyfish.

Wyneken planned to fatten the baby turtles for a few weeks, until they are about the size of her palm and can undergo a laparoscopy to check their otherwise imperceptible gender—a process that requires inserting a tiny camera to view internal organs. Dozens of hatchlings will go through Wyneken’s lab this nesting season as part of her long-running turtle sex-ratio research in South Florida.

Yet even before any testing is done and the hatchlings are released back into the ocean, the scientist already knows there is a strong chance most of the turtles will be one gender: female.

As is the case with some reptiles, the sex of sea turtles is determined by the temperature of the sand where the eggs incubate. With climate change turning up the heat in South Florida, producing longer and hotter summers, sea turtle gender balance is being thrown way out of whack.

“It’s scary,” Wyneken said. “I’m seeing more and more all-female nests, and even when we have males, it’s a very small percentage.”

Wyneken’s research over the past 20 years shows that the number of males is decreasing across the three species she monitors, even as they lay eggs at different times during the March-October nesting season. Using the past decade as a reference, she said that seven out of the 10 years produced 100% female hatchlings. The three years in which nests produced males, the ratios ranged from just 10 to 20%.

In addition to the leatherbacks, the world’s largest sea turtle species, Wyneken tests the genders of loggerheads and green turtles in Boca Raton, Juno Beach and Sanibel Island, where nesting activity is closely monitored and temperatures in nests are tracked year-round.

What happens on Florida beaches is important for sea turtle populations: it’s the only state in the continental U.S. where leatherback turtles regularly nest; it hosts some of the world’s largest nesting aggregations of loggerheads; and it’s home to the second-largest number of green turtle nests in the Western Atlantic Hemisphere, according to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.

In theory, sex ratios among leatherback turtles, which lay eggs early in the season before the height of the summer in South Florida, should be more balanced than that of loggerheads, which usually start nesting in June and whose eggs incubate in the hottest months of the year. And green turtles tend to lay eggs later, when beaches are beginning to cool in late August and September, so more males should hatch from their nests compared with the other two species.

But Wyneken said that for the past few years, especially since scorching summers of 2015 and 2016, she hasn’t seen a significant difference in the sex ratios of the species in South Florida: it’s girls, girls and more girls, in every nest.

And things are getting worse. July was the hottest month ever recorded in the world, coming in slightly higher than the previous record, which was July 2016, according to data from the World Meteorological Organization and the Copernicus Climate Change Service. There were wildfires in the Arctic, a huge ice melt event in Greenland and 90-degree weather in Alaska. European cities baked, with the temperature in Paris reaching 108.7 degrees. And this year’s record temperatures did not get a boost from a strong “El Nino,” which heats up surface sea water and contributes to warmer temperatures, as what happened in 2016.

“I never thought that what started as research on sea turtle gender ratios on a couple of Florida beaches would become a measuring stick for climate change, but that’s what I’m seeing,” Wyneken said. Before warming temperatures began to dramatically skew the sex of sea turtles toward female, the same nest would produce girls and boys, with eggs buried deeper in the sand leading to males and eggs on the warmer surface generating females.

What scientists have observed in South Florida is happening in other sea turtle nesting areas around the world.

On Australia’s Raine Island, the biggest green turtle nesting ground in the Pacific, the ratio was 116 females to one male in a 2018 study led by Michael Jensen and Camryn Allen, scientists with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The study found that older turtles that had hatched 30 or 40 years earlier were mostly female, but only by a 6 to 1 ratio. Younger turtles, however, born during the last 20 years, were more than 99% female.

Jensen and Allen “combined genetic and endocrine techniques to show that an important green turtle population has produced primarily females for two decades, suggesting that complete feminization is possible in the near future,” said the research.

Another study done recently with green turtles in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa, by the University of Exeter and Portugal’s Marine and Environmental Sciences Center showed similar results.

But how soon could turtle populations run out of males?

Sea turtles have been around in some form for more than 200 million years, weathering all kinds of extreme weather events and even survived the extinction of the dinosaurs some 66 million years ago.

“These sex ratio findings are very concerning and we want to raise awareness about the issue, but there is also some hope,” said David Godfrey, executive director of the Sea Turtle Conservancy, a Florida research and conservation nonprofit. “Sea turtles are amazing at adapting to changes in their habitat and in the environment.”

There have been plenty of success stories of recovery of sea turtle populations. The Conservancy’s green turtle conservation program at Tortuguero, a major nesting spot in Costa Rica, started in 1959 and since then the population has increased sixfold, making the colony the largest in the Western Hemisphere.

Also, one male turtle goes a long way. Sea turtles are polygamous animals and one male will mate with many females. They have a long lifespan of around 50 years, but some species can live longer. Most sea turtles take decades to mature—between 20 and 30 years—and females are actively reproductive for about 10 years. Depending on the species, females will nest between two and eight times each season, laying about 100 eggs in each nest.

In Florida, sea turtle nesting activity has seen some ups and downs over the past few years, with a slightly negative trend since 2014. Overall, nest counts recovered significantly from the lows of the 80s and 90s, a result of conservation efforts in more densely populated areas. Nesting varies widely depending on the species and location. This year, researchers on the Gulf Coast and in Palm Beach country also are betting on record nest counts considering the numbers recorded so far.

The Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission counted 91,451 loggerhead nests in the state in 2018, compared with 86,870 in 2014. But leatherback nests were down at 949 last year, compared with 1,604 in 2014. Green turtle nest reached 4,545 last year, down from 5,895 four years earlier.

Sea turtles hatchlings have never had it easy. Not all eggs in a nest are viable, and only a small share of hatchlings will survive and grow to become adults. The eggs may be dug up by raccoons, foxes or other predators. Those same predators can gobble up the babies as they race to the surf after emerging from their nests. Once in the ocean, they aren’t safe: crabs and other marine animals feed on baby sea turtles.

Mature turtles have few natural predators but humans have done a great job in cutting their survival odds significantly. Poaching of the eggs and the killing of nesting turtles for their meat or to make frames for eye glasses or jewelry have depleted populations all over the world. But the greatest threat to sea turtles is fishing gear, as hundreds of thousands of turtles are accidentally caught by trawl nets and on longline hooks.

And now there is climate change. Can they adapt by nesting in cooler beaches? Will female start looking for shadier locations to lay their eggs?

“All organisms tend to adapt to their changing environment by evolving through natural selection, but the question is, will turtles adapt as fast as the climate is changing around them?” said Fredric Janzen, an evolutionary biologist at Iowa State University who was one of the first scientists to connect climate change to temperature-dependent sex determination in turtles. In a 1994 study titled “Climate Change and Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination in Reptiles,” Janzen found that even a small increase of 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) was enough to drastically skew the sex ratio of the painted turtles in his research.

In his opinion, changes are occurring faster than they did prior to human influence, and this can potentially—and fatally—outpace the ability of some species to adapt.

  Explore further

  Sea turtles start nesting season with ‘unheard-of’ numbers on one NC island, town says

©2019 Miami Herald

Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.

Citation: Climate change is turning Florida’s sea turtles female. How long can these species survive? (2019, August 13) retrieved 13 August 2019 from https://phys.org/news/2019-08-climate-florida-sea-turtles-female.html

This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.

  #Biology

[addictionrecoveryassistance]

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[syscommltd]

Ransomware: The Leading Cyberthreat Facing Education

Ransomware attacks are skyrocketing

According to antivirus firm Sophos 48% of UK organisations have been hit by ransomware attacks in the last year. Trend Micro’s 2019 ransomware report also indicates that ransomware activity is on the rise, with over 40 million ransomware “detections” made between January and April 2019 – compared to just over 50 million for all of 2018.

It’s estimated that 13 percent of schools have experienced ransomware attacks, making education one of the sectors most often targeted by hackers. Around a third (33%) of UK universities have been targeted with ransomware, freedom of information (FOI) requests submitted by the agency TopLine Comms have revealed.

The education sector presents a tempting target to ransomware gangsters for several reasons.

Students often engage in risky online behaviours that expose them to ransomware attacks, such as treating email attachments without appropriate wariness, and visiting websites trafficking in pirated entertainment.

The highly open and interconnected nature of campuses opens multiple points of possible malware infiltration: find a weak link, and ransomware can spread quickly from student to faculty to staff PCs and servers.

Cost pressures have made it difficult for some institutions to fund IT security investments. Unfortunately, the education sector tends to lag well behind industries like finance, retail, and healthcare with regards to the resilience of its tech infrastructure.

This combination of factors makes the education sector one of the most popular targets for ransomware attacks.

And when you combine the above with the fact that schools have minimal defence mechanisms and hold significant amounts of sensitive student data, they become the low-hanging fruit of cyberattack targets.

What is Ransomeware?

Ransomware is a type of malicious software that infects computer servers, desktops, laptops, tablets and smartphones, infiltrating through a variety of mechanisms and often spreading laterally across a campus from one device to another. Once it infects a system, the virus quietly encrypts every data file it finds, ultimately displaying a ransom note to the user. The extortion message starts by demanding an online payment of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of pounds, often in some untraceable cryptocurrency such as Bitcoin in return for the decryption keys needed to restore the user’s locked files. The demand often includes a series of deadlines for payment, with each missed deadline leading to higher ransom demands and perhaps some destroyed files. If the victim doesn’t pay, the attacker discards the decryption keys, making the data permanently inaccessible.Over the past couple of years, this scenario has played out many times and hardly a week goes by without news of another successful ransomware attack on an educational institution.

Here are just a few:

University College London was a famous victim of the WannaCry ransomware epidemic that swept through 100,000 systems worldwide over a single weekend in 2017, losing access to its shared data repositories and student management system.

Los Angeles Valley College paid over $28,000 to online criminals in the wake of a ransomware attack that brought down its websites, email servers and voicemail systems.

The University of Calgary was paralysed for over a week by a ransomware attack, eventually paying a $20,000 ransom to restore over 100 of its systems.

Over 3200 PCs were laid low by a ransomware attack on Carleton University, which eventually paid $35,000 to restore them.

More recently, at least 10 universities in the UK, US and Canada have had student / alumni data stolen after hackers targeted Blackbaud, one of the world’s largest providers of education administration, fundraising, and financial management software.

The UK institutions confirmed by the BBC that have been affected are:

University of York

Oxford Brookes University

Loughborough University

University of Leeds

University of London

University of Reading

University College, Oxford

University of Exeter

In some cases, the data compromised was limited to that of former students, who had been asked to financially support the establishments they had graduated from. But in others it extended to staff, existing students and other supporters, with data captured including phone numbers, donation history and events attended. Fortunately, credit card and other payment details do not appear to have been exposed.

Ransomware attacks are high and growing fast

These examples are just some of the higher-profile ones from recent months. Various researchers have shown that ransomware has affected a total of 55% of organisations. And the amount of ransom that criminals are successfully collecting from victims shows an alarming trend: total ransoms surged from $325mn in 2015 to more than $11.5bn in 2019. But the total damage of ransomware attacks – including the costs of operations interruption, attack recovery and forensics, damage to brand equity, and compliance violation fines – are far greater. For example, the global costs of the WannaCry attacks are estimated to total a whopping $8bn.

Impact of Covid-19

Unfortunately, the current pandemic has rapidly pushed schools into adopting a hybrid learning or mostly digital learning environment, making them considerably more vulnerable.

Firstly, they have become more accessible and easier to compromise. With the sudden thrust from brick-and-mortar to virtual, VPN etc., outside access rapidly changed from occasional use to mainstream. Most of this remote access has been from home networks and devices, leaving schools sub-optimal ways of protecting those devices. This new attack pathway enables attackers to silently access their networks and cause vast amounts of damage before the school’s security team even notices. In the time that it takes for the ransomware to be detected, the damage to bottom lines is likely to be worse and the recovery process even longer. This creates unparalleled opportunity for threat actors.

If a school’s network has been taken down due to a ransomware attack, in today’s circumstances it could very likely means that the school simply cannot function at all. This is intrinsically different than before COVID-19, where if a ransomware attack occurred, it may have caused a major disruption, but it didn’t inevitably mean that schools could not open and hold classes.

And today’s hackers aren’t hesitating to manipulate the current situation to coerce schools to pay vast sums in order to resume normalcy.

Today, in the worst-case scenario, a school could be forced to close its doors. And attackers are completely aware of the greater vulnerability that schools are in.

How educators can fight back against ransomware attacks

Educate end-users -from students to faculty

In the face of this rapidly growing threat, educational institutions can take a number of concrete steps to protect their systems from the operational disruptions and high costs of successful ransomware attacks.

Step one is to educate students, faculty and staff on the techniques that ransomware distributors use, teaching them to be wary of the email links they click on, websites they visit, and attachments they open.

Prevention through knowledge is the best way to remove the human in the cybersecurity equation. Security awareness training can be used to teach all end-users that access their network to understand how cybercrime affects an organisation and how it is committed.

Attacks will only continue to grow more sophisticated, and today’s hackers are no longer simply using straight-forward phishing schemes to entice users (although those are still prevalent). Increasingly, social media is becoming a favourite for hackers – and schools and universities are rife with students and faculty active on social networks.

As such, it is important for IT professionals and school administrators to inform end-users – students, teachers and other school officials – about methods they can use to stay safe while using campus computers, personal computers and mobile devices.

It’s critical to remember that the weakest link in any organisational cyber security defence is almost always the users.

Upgrade patches quickly and focus on systems with distributed access.

Identifying vulnerabilities early – and patching them quickly – is another key to good security hygiene. Unfortunately, schools with smaller budgets and IT teams do not have the resources to keep up with constant patch cycles. That is probably one of the reasons the aforementioned WannaCry attack was able to get through. Schools can help prevent such malware attacks from working by ensuring that their applications are up to date, with any updates and patches being regularly and quickly implemented.

Adopting a scheduled patch upgrade programme by setting aside one day out of the week to ensure that all systems are up to date with the latest security measures is an easy way to help keep networks safe. Network administrators should do this continuously, making it a part of their weekly IT routines. Adopting such a process also makes it much easier to push out patches and implement and test updates to ensure they do not adversely impact schools’ IT infrastructures.

Implement modern security solutions

IT now plays an integral part of a modern education, with much depending on complicated forms of hardware and software. Without the right protection, one virus or Trojan horse could cause massive damage to a school network.

However, a network firewall can keep your school safe and running without interruption.

A school’s IT network is like any large and diverse network; it’s intricate, connected, and has a lot of access points. Without a robust firewall, it is vulnerable and will be attacked.

Repairs become necessary, making both time and money add up. Time taken out of the school day and the students’ education. Money taken out of the budget that could improve school facilities. In short, putting a network firewall in place saves money on your school budget and makes running the school day more efficient.

Moreover, from a hacker’s perspective, schools today are currently at their most vulnerable. Due to the pandemic, many of these organisations have rapidly moved online, and no longer have full protection in place. Indeed, as schools and universities increase their reliance on remote connection and access for teachers and students alike, they are also inadvertently expanding their threat surface by providing attackers with many more touch points which attackers can manipulate to gain access.

Having adequate firewall and endpoint protection systems in place is crucial. Unlike the corporate environment that may have the budget to spend on products and a large security operations centre (SOC) team, schools should be focused on having cybersecurity solutions that prevent the widest possible range of attacks. There simply aren’t the time or resources available to investigate every incident that occurs. And endpoint protection can be configured to prevent attacks from the outset.

Invest in Security Information and Event Management (SIEM)

Ongoing monitoring and system management are critical to maintaining a solid security profile, and SIEM tools allow IT managers to do this with ease.

SIEM helps managers ascertain a baseline analysis of their operating environment, making it much easier to detect anomalies later. They also gain visibility into virtually all aspects of network activity and receive alerts when a potential threat is flagged. These alerts help pinpoint the cause of the problem and allow for quick remediation of nascent attacks before they adversely impact the network.

Modernise legacy IT systems

Cyberattackers use cutting edge technologies and methods to exploit university systems that are, in some cases, woefully outdated and outmatched. Legacy IT systems can be highly susceptible to hackers and ransomware because they are difficult or impossible to patch. An older system like Windows XP, for example, is much more likely to be infected with malware than newer versions of Microsoft’s operating system.

Although many schools are operating on very tight budgets, they need to allocate at least some funds for modernising legacy IT systems. Long-run savings will ultimately outweigh the initial investment, and a school’s security posture will improve dramatically.

The main point of focus for ransomware is to target a network, replicate itself and cripple the organisation. Remote learning provides the perfect opportunity for threat actors to install trojans and malware on machines being used by students and teachers that are not owned or protected by the school.

Good network and security hygiene measures remain highly important, including measures such as segmenting networks to make it harder for ransomware to spread from system to system, keeping endpoint anti-malware software up-to-date, and patching known vulnerabilities in operating systems and applications as quickly as possible.

Have a back-up plan in place

Scheduling regular file backups – ideally, at least once a day – can be a lifeline for organisations hit with a ransomware attack. It is imperative to institute a rigorous backup regimen and keep multiple copies of critical data both locally, off-campus, and in the cloud. Routine, frequent backup remains the most fool proof defence against ransomware: if your systems are compromised, you can simply identify the onset of the attack and restore your systems from clean backups created before the incursion. However, backing up alone is not enough.

Managers must test the restores of their backups to ensure they are working properly. Many people routinely make the mistake of not testing, only to find out that their files are not restorable when they need them the most.

In addition, backups should be stored offline and preferably offsite. Online backups can be too easily subject to the same risks as the original files, and distance from the main data centre provides an extra level of security.

And as more and more educational establishments are using Cloud applications as teaching aids, schools need to ensure that cloud security measures are in place to guarantee that both security and privacy of personal data is being upheld. Make sure your Cloud provider has robust security in place and ticks the boxes of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) where required. Always choose a Cloud provider that puts security first.

Conclusion

To avoid becoming victims of the next widespread ransomware attack, educational institutions will have to deploy the basic measures outlined above, and consider deploying leading-edge technologies for ransomware defence that uses machine learning to identify ransomware attacks in progress, instantly terminate them, and automatically restore any damaged files.

Most schools and universities have limited time to research ransomware mitigation solutions and don’t have the proper IT resources in place to address ransomware threats. MSPs can assist by handling heavy lifting around ransomware protection, education, implementation and setup. Most importantly, they can help schools establish the best countermeasures – antivirus, endpoint security, and great backup and recovery solutions.

Syscomm is a Managed IT Services company and has been providing high end network solutions to the education sector across the UK for over 15 years. Our network solutions connect Clouds, applications, users, staff, customers, multiple types of devices and their data, while securing them from today’s increasingly threatening environment. A new era of business demands the next generation of network.

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from Syscomm http://www.syscomm.co.uk/uncategorized/ransomware-the-leading-cyberthreat-facing-education/

[jaigeddes]

J S Wright bags £1.3m M&E package from Pollard

Mechanical and electrical services specialist J S Wright has bagged a contract worth more than £1.3m to help meet booming demand for purpose-built student accommodation in Exeter.

The company will design and build the M&E services for a new 120-bed scheme on the site of a dilapidated former pub, the Honiton Inn, in Paris Street.

J S Wright was commissioned by South West regional contractor Pollard to equip the eight-storey block and its amenities, including a laundry, common room, warden’s office and cycle storage, with the energy efficient equipment.

The services include low pressure hot water (LPHW) heating, internal mains cold water and boosted cold water, domestic hot water, and gas distribution.

Students can expect excellent indoor air quality as J S Wright will install heat recovery supply and extract ventilation for the ground floor, and extract ventilation for all kitchens and showers within all the flats.

The company will also install a Building Management System, direct expansion (DX) air conditioning for the Comms Room, and all above-ground drainage.

In addition, a rainwater harvesting system, sanitary ware, and fire safety dry risers, sprinklers and alarms are within the wide-ranging commission.

J S Wright’s electrical brief will include the design and installation of the building’s mains distribution, including its low-voltage (LV) power distribution to individual flats, and communal power and lighting.

As part of its role in protecting students and their property, J S Wright will fit access control, CCTV, and data and TV systems, along with lightning protection and a disabled refuge system.

The sixth-month project is scheduled for completion in December 2019, in time for the 2019/20 student cohort.

Marcus Aniol, Managing Director of J S Wright, said: “We are delighted to be able to use our long experience in the student accommodation sector to help meet escalating demand for energy efficient purpose-built properties nationally.”

[ebenalconstruct]

J S Wright bags £1.3m M&E package from Pollard

Mechanical and electrical services specialist J S Wright has bagged a contract worth more than £1.3m to help meet booming demand for purpose-built student accommodation in Exeter.

The company will design and build the M&E services for a new 120-bed scheme on the site of a dilapidated former pub, the Honiton Inn, in Paris Street.

J S Wright was commissioned by South West regional contractor Pollard to equip the eight-storey block and its amenities, including a laundry, common room, warden’s office and cycle storage, with the energy efficient equipment.

The services include low pressure hot water (LPHW) heating, internal mains cold water and boosted cold water, domestic hot water, and gas distribution.

Students can expect excellent indoor air quality as J S Wright will install heat recovery supply and extract ventilation for the ground floor, and extract ventilation for all kitchens and showers within all the flats.

The company will also install a Building Management System, direct expansion (DX) air conditioning for the Comms Room, and all above-ground drainage.

In addition, a rainwater harvesting system, sanitary ware, and fire safety dry risers, sprinklers and alarms are within the wide-ranging commission.

J S Wright’s electrical brief will include the design and installation of the building’s mains distribution, including its low-voltage (LV) power distribution to individual flats, and communal power and lighting.

As part of its role in protecting students and their property, J S Wright will fit access control, CCTV, and data and TV systems, along with lightning protection and a disabled refuge system.

The sixth-month project is scheduled for completion in December 2019, in time for the 2019/20 student cohort.

Marcus Aniol, Managing Director of J S Wright, said: “We are delighted to be able to use our long experience in the student accommodation sector to help meet escalating demand for energy efficient purpose-built properties nationally.”

from http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2019/04/05/j-s-wright-bags-1-3m-me-package-from-pollard/