#Ernest O. Lawrence

[denimbex1986]

'“Oppenheimer” has been justly praised for its attempt at historical fidelity in telling the life story of the brilliant, agonized physicist, but it’s not a documentary.

The movie gets most things right about Oppenheimer’s role in the Manhattan Project, the government effort to build the atomic bomb, as one would expect given that filmmaker Christopher Nolan based it on “American Prometheus,” the superb 2005 biography of J. Robert Oppenheimer by Kai Bird and Martin J. Sherwin.

But artistic imperatives and Nolan’s understandable choice to tell his story from Oppenheimer’s point of view led him to perpetuate a few myths about the making of the atomic bomb and to gloss over aspects of the story that may be interesting for lay viewers.

Based on what I gleaned about Oppenheimer and the project from researching my 2015 biography of Berkeley physicist Ernest O. Lawrence (played in the movie by Josh Hartnett), “Big Science,” I’ll try to correct the Hollywood record and fill in the gaps.

Let’s jump in.

For the most part, Nolan sticks to the facts. “Oppenheimer” is notable among biopics for portraying real people doing the things they did at the time. Even peripheral characters who flit briefly across the screen are given their real names or identifiable characteristics.

As far as I can tell, the only imaginary or composite character in the film is the unnamed Senate aide played by Alden Ehrenreich, whose dramatic function is to be a sounding board for the grousing of Lewis L. Strauss (brilliantly played by Robert Downey Jr.), Oppenheimer’s political nemesis.

That bongo-playing physicist glimpsed at the Trinity plutonium bomb test in the New Mexico desert? Unnamed in the film, he’s Richard Feynman, later to be revered as Caltech’s resident genius but, at 24, attached to the Los Alamos bomb lab at the very beginning of his scientific career. (He did bring his bongos to the desert.)

Lawrence’s associate Luis Alvarez, later a Nobel laureate, is accurately portrayed as bursting into an Oppenheimer seminar in 1939 with the first news of the discovery of nuclear fission by German physicists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann. The film also accurately shows Oppenheimer instantly responding, “That’s impossible,” promptly withdrawing his snap judgment and, within a week, outlining how the discovery might be used to make a bomb.

But the film doesn’t cover Alvarez’s resentful and damaging testimony in the Oppenheimer security hearing, during which he claimed to have heard Vannevar Bush, the top science advisor to Presidents Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman, reveal that Truman had not trusted Oppenheimer. Bush — who is played by Matthew Modine — vociferously contradicted the story.

The most glaring historical gaffe is the film’s perpetuation of the myth that Oppenheimer was the boss of the Manhattan Project; it shows him assuring Gen. Leslie R. Groves that he can run the project. (Matt Damon would have had to put on at least 50 or 60 pounds to more accurately impersonate Groves, who tipped the scales at nearly 300 pounds.)

Oppenheimer was merely the boss of Los Alamos, one of the project’s numerous separate labs and technical installations. Its job was to actually build the bomb, drawing on the research of labs at Columbia, the University of Chicago and Berkeley. Though Groves was the overall boss, the project’s scientific management was divided, rather tetchily, between Lawrence and Arthur Holly Compton of the University of Chicago.

Lawrence was the scientist whose advice Groves trusted the most. He originally wanted Lawrence to run the lab that was eventually built at Los Alamos, but decided Lawrence was too important to be limited to the bomb-designing task.

Oppenheimer was Groves’ second choice, but he turned to Lawrence for assurance that Oppenheimer could effectively run the bomb lab.

Lawrence, who at that time was a close friend of Oppenheimer, his valued colleague at UC Berkeley — he named his first son Robert after Oppenheimer — assuaged Groves’ concerns about Oppenheimer’s leftist politics and lack of a Nobel Prize. Lawrence sealed the deal for his friend by promising Groves that if Oppenheimer failed in his task, he would take it over himself.

A few words about Ernest Lawrence. Before and during the war, the South Dakota native was the most famous and influential scientist in America — arguably the first home-grown scientific celebrity in American history.

The inventor of the cyclotron, the most important atom-smasher of its era and the invention that transformed particle physics in the 1930s, Lawrence was featured on the cover of Time magazine on Nov. 1, 1937, over the caption “He creates and destroys,” and won the Nobel Prize in 1939.

Lawrence’s skill at explaining complex scientific principles in lay terms kept him in the public eye via radio talks and newspaper articles and helped him attract millions of dollars in foundation and government funding for his Radiation Laboratory — the “Rad Lab” — at UC Berkeley. It was due to his influence that UC was awarded the contract to run Los Alamos after the war, which it still holds, albeit with somewhat diminished authority. Lawrence also invented a color TV system that was eventually incorporated into Sony’s Trinitron technology.

Oppenheimer, by contrast, was almost entirely unknown to the general public until after the bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, when he was thrust into fame as “the father of the atomic bomb.”

Among the physics fraternity, however, Oppenheimer was virtually a cult figure, which is painted only murkily in the film. His graduate students at Berkeley and Caltech, where he held joint appointments, chain-smoked his brand of cigarettes (Chesterfields), imitated his loping gait, and replicated the almost unintelligible mumbling of his lecturing style.

Austrian physicist Paul Ehrenfest, a friend of Oppenheimer’s who sat through one of his Caltech lectures straining to make out his words, finally blurted out, “Oppie, is it a secret?”

Another myth perpetuated by the film is that the physicists were afraid that the bomb blast might ignite the atmosphere, destroying the world. “Oppenheimer” depicts this possibility being debated almost as late as the Trinity test. In fact, it had been raised very briefly in 1942 and promptly put to rest by Manhattan Project physicist Hans Bethe, who later called it “absolute nonsense.”

One more point concerns Oppenheimer’s recollection that upon witnessing the fireball produced by the Trinity test, he immediately thought of a line from the Sanskrit Bhagavad-Gita: “I am become death, destroyer of worlds.”

The film takes him at his word, but the truth is that he never mentioned this in public until 1965; one friend considered the claim to be one of Oppenheimer’s “priestly exaggerations.” By the way, the line from the Hindu scripture has been translated in other ways, notably as “I am become time, destroyer of worlds,” perhaps a subtler and more sinister thought than Oppie’s version.

Some aspects of the 1954 security hearing as depicted in the film warrant further examination. The film accurately shows that Groves, asked if he would give Oppenheimer a security clearance at the time of the hearing, answered carefully that he would not, under the stringent security rules imposed by the Atomic Energy Commission. But his subsequent sotto voce remark, to the effect that he probably wouldn’t give any of the Manhattan Project scientists clearance under those rules, doesn’t appear anywhere in the 1,011-page hearing transcript.

Then there’s Lawrence’s decision not to testify against his old friend. By 1954, Lawrence and Oppenheimer had had a bitter falling-out. The film attributes this mostly to Lawrence’s fury upon learning that Oppenheimer had carried on an affair with the wife of Caltech physicist Richard Tolman, a close friend of Lawrence. Tolman committed suicide shortly after learning of the betrayal, which Lawrence ascribed to his broken heart.

But another reason for their split was Oppie’s campaigning against the hydrogen bomb program, which Lawrence favored and which was a major source of government patronage for his lab — Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, an offshoot of the Rad Lab, had been founded largely to pursue research on the so-called Super.

Although Lawrence had promised Strauss, who as chairman of the AEC oversaw all civilian government nuclear research and stage-managed the security hearing, that he would testify, he was racked with second thoughts as his appearance date approached.

Lawrence knew that the physics community overwhelmingly supported Oppenheimer, and that Berkeley had become the center of anti-Oppenheimer sentiment, in part because of the conflict over the H-bomb program. This was not a good look for the Rad Lab.

Contrary to the film’s depiction, Lawrence never actually showed up outside the hearing room. Instead, he phoned Strauss the Monday before his scheduled appearance from the government’s Oak Ridge lab, which he had founded and designed for the production of enriched uranium for the bomb ultimately dropped on Hiroshima (the Trinity test was of a plutonium bomb like that dropped on Nagasaki, which was a much more complicated engineering challenge).

As the film shows, Lawrence pleaded a medical excuse — an outbreak of ulcerative colitis, the condition that would ultimately kill him in 1958. After Strauss responded with a vicious tongue-lashing over the phone, culminating in an accusation of cowardice, Lawrence summoned his fellow Oak Ridge guests, all government lab directors, to prove he was not feigning illness by showing them his toilet, brimming with bright red blood.

Christopher Nolan’s film implicitly asks viewers to come to their own conclusions about the moral dimension of the decision to drop the bomb on Japan. A committee of four physicists — Oppenheimer, Lawrence, Compton and Fermi — was tasked with the options, which included staging a demonstration at an uninhabited Pacific island to show Japanese officials what they faced if they didn’t surrender.

Lawrence, who had worked with Japanese scientists to build the first cyclotrons outside the U.S., was the last member of the committee to agree that using the bomb was the only choice, for the possibility of a dud demonstration was too great to risk. As the committee chair, Oppenheimer signed the one-page memo, dated June 16, 1945, that came to the dismaying conclusion that “we see no acceptable alternative to direct military use.”

What the physicists didn’t know was that the decision already had been taken out of their hands. That Boeing B-29 bombers that would carry the bombs had already been assembled on Tinian Island, 1,500 miles south of Japan, and the military decision to use the bombs was preordained.

How should we think about the development of nuclear weapons and Oppenheimer’s role? My view is that the Manhattan Project was understandable and defensible given the wartime context. Allied physicists, especially refugees from the Nazi regime, knew that although Hitler had driven away Jewish scientists, the physicists left behind in Germany were among the best in the world, perfectly capable of developing the atomic bomb. They were in a panic that Hitler might get the weapon before the Allies.

They had no way of knowing that, as the Allies discovered after Germany’s surrender, there had been no German bomb project because the Germans miscalculated the physics involved and didn’t have access to the resources and equipment, including the cyclotron, in the U.S. and Britain.

The decision to pursue the hydrogen bomb is another story. Fermi and other leading physicists understood that its incredible power meant it could only be a weapon of genocide. Some worked on it anyway. Oppenheimer’s notion that nuclear research should be placed under international control to forestall the perils of nuclear proliferation was idealistic, but in terms of geopolitical reality hopelessly naive. There was no way that the U.S. and Britain would cede control of the technology to any international body after 1945.

The tragic message of Oppenheimer and “Oppenheimer” is that humankind has lived under a nuclear sword of Damocles ever since.'

[xtruss]

The First Light of Trinity

— By Alex Wellerstein | July 16, 2015 | Annals of Technology

Seventy years ago, the flash of a nuclear bomb illuminated the skies over Alamogordo, New Mexico. Courtesy Los Alamos National Laboratory

The light of a nuclear explosion is unlike anything else on Earth. This is because the heat of a nuclear explosion is unlike anything else on Earth. Seventy years ago today, when the first atomic weapon was tested, they called its light cosmic. Where else, except in the interiors of stars, do the temperatures reach into the tens of millions of degrees? It is that blistering radiation, released in a reaction that takes about a millionth of a second to complete, that makes the light so unearthly, that gives it the strength to burn through photographic paper and wound human eyes. The heat is such that the air around it becomes luminous and incandescent and then opaque; for a moment, the brightness hides itself. Then the air expands outward, shedding its energy at the speed of sound—the blast wave that destroys houses, hospitals, schools, cities.

The test was given the evocative code name of Trinity, although no one seems to know precisely why. One theory is that J. Robert Oppenheimer, the head of the U.S. government’s laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, and the director of science for the Manhattan Project, which designed and built the bomb, chose the name as an allusion to the poetry of John Donne. Oppenheimer’s former mistress, Jean Tatlock, a student at the University of California, Berkeley, when he was a professor there, had introduced him to Donne’s work before she committed suicide, in early 1944. But Oppenheimer later claimed not to recall where the name came from.

The operation was designated as top secret, which was a problem, since the whole point was to create an explosion that could be heard for a hundred miles around and seen for two hundred. How to keep such a spectacle under wraps? Oppenheimer and his colleagues considered several sites, including a patch of desert around two hundred miles east of Los Angeles, an island eighty miles southwest of Santa Monica, and a series of sand bars ten miles off the Texas coast. Eventually, they chose a place much closer to home, near Alamogordo, New Mexico, on an Army Air Forces bombing range in a valley called the Jornada del Muerto (“Journey of the Dead Man,” an indication of its unforgiving landscape). Freshwater had to be driven in, seven hundred gallons at a time, from a town forty miles away. To wire the site for a telephone connection required laying four miles of cable. The most expensive single line item in the budget was for the construction of bomb-proof shelters, which would protect some of the more than two hundred and fifty observers of the test.

The area immediately around the bombing range was sparsely populated but not by any means barren. It was within two hundred miles of Albuquerque, Santa Fe, and El Paso. The nearest town of more than fifty people was fewer than thirty miles away, and the nearest occupied ranch was only twelve miles away—long distances for a person, but not for light or a radioactive cloud. (One of Trinity’s more unusual financial appropriations, later on, was for the acquisition of several dozen head of cattle that had had their hair discolored by the explosion.) The Army made preparations to impose martial law after the test if necessary, keeping a military force of a hundred and sixty men on hand to manage any evacuations. Photographic film, sensitive to radioactivity, was stowed in nearby towns, to provide “medical legal” evidence of contamination in the future. Seismographs in Tucson, Denver, and Chihuahua, Mexico, would reveal how far away the explosion could be detected.

The Trinity test weapon. Courtesy Los Alamos National Laboratory

On July 16, 1945, the planned date of the test, the weather was poor. Thunderstorms were moving through the area, raising the twin hazards of electricity and rain. The test weapon, known euphemistically as the gadget, was mounted inside a shack atop a hundred-foot steel tower. It was a Frankenstein’s monster of wires, screws, switches, high explosives, radioactive materials, and diagnostic devices, and was crude enough that it could be tripped by a passing storm. (This had already happened once, with a model of the bomb’s electrical system.) Rain, or even too many clouds, could cause other problems—a spontaneous radioactive thunderstorm after detonation, unpredictable magnifications of the blast wave off a layer of warm air. It was later calculated that, even without the possibility of mechanical or electrical failure, there was still more than a one-in-ten chance of the gadget failing to perform optimally.

The scientists were prepared to cancel the test and wait for better weather when, at five in the morning, conditions began to improve. At five-ten, they announced that the test was going forward. At five-twenty-five, a rocket near the tower was shot into the sky—the five-minute warning. Another went up at five-twenty-nine. Forty-five seconds before zero hour, a switch was thrown in the control bunker, starting an automated timer. Just before five-thirty, an electrical pulse ran the five and a half miles across the desert from the bunker to the tower, up into the firing unit of the bomb. Within a hundred millionths of a second, a series of thirty-two charges went off around the device’s core, compressing the sphere of plutonium inside from about the size of an orange to that of a lime. Then the gadget exploded.

General Thomas Farrell, the deputy commander of the Manhattan Project, was in the control bunker with Oppenheimer when the blast went off. “The whole country was lighted by a searing light with the intensity many times that of the midday sun,” he wrote immediately afterward. “It was golden, purple, violet, gray, and blue. It lighted every peak, crevasse, and ridge of the nearby mountain range with a clarity and beauty that cannot be described but must be seen to be imagined. It was that beauty the great poets dream about but describe most poorly and inadequately.” Twenty-seven miles away from the tower, the Berkeley physicist and Nobel Prize winner Ernest O. Lawrence was stepping out of a car. “Just as I put my foot on the ground I was enveloped with a warm brilliant yellow white light—from darkness to brilliant sunshine in an instant,” he wrote. James Conant, the president of Harvard University, was watching from the V.I.P. viewing spot, ten miles from the tower. “The enormity of the light and its length quite stunned me,” he wrote. “The whole sky suddenly full of white light like the end of the world.”

In its first milliseconds, the Trinity fireball burned through photographic film. Courtesy National Archives and Records Administration

Trinity was filmed exclusively in black and white and without audio. In the main footage of the explosion, the fireball rises out of the frame before the cameraman, dazed by the sight, pans upward to follow it. The written accounts of the test, of which there are many, grapple with how to describe an experience for which no terminology had yet been invented. Some eventually settle on what would become the standard lexicon. Luis Alvarez, a physicist and future participant in the Hiroshima bombing, viewed Trinity from the air. He likened the debris cloud, which rose to a height of some thirty thousand feet in ten minutes, to “a parachute which was being blown up by a large electric fan,” noting that it “had very much the appearance of a large mushroom.” Charles Thomas, the vice-president of Monsanto, a major Manhattan Project contractor, observed the same. “It looked like a giant mushroom; the stalk was the thousands of tons of sand being sucked up by the explosion; the top of the mushroom was a flowering ball of fire,” he wrote. “It resembled a giant brain the convolutions of which were constantly changing.”

In the months before the test, the Manhattan Project scientists had estimated that their bomb would yield the equivalent of between seven hundred and five thousand tons of TNT. As it turned out, the detonation force was equal to about twenty thousand tons of TNT—four times larger than the expected maximum. The light was visible as far away as Amarillo, Texas, more than two hundred and eighty miles to the east, on the other side of a mountain range. Windows were reported broken in Silver City, New Mexico, some hundred and eighty miles to the southwest. Here, again, the written accounts converge. Thomas: “It is safe to say that nothing as terrible has been made by man before.” Lawrence: “There was restrained applause, but more a hushed murmuring bordering on reverence.” Farrell: “The strong, sustained, awesome roar … warned of doomsday and made us feel that we puny things were blasphemous.” Nevertheless, the plainclothes military police who were stationed in nearby towns reported that those who saw the light seemed to accept the government’s explanation, which was that an ammunition dump had exploded.

Trinity was only the first nuclear detonation of the summer of 1945. Two more followed, in early August, over Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing as many as a quarter of a million people. By October, Norris Bradbury, the new director of Los Alamos, had proposed that the United States conduct “subsequent Trinity’s.” There was more to learn about the bomb, he argued, in a memo to the new coördinating council for the lab, and without the immediate pressure of making a weapon for war, “another TR might even be FUN.” A year after the test at Alamogordo, new ones began, at Bikini Atoll, in the Marshall Islands. They were not given literary names. Able, Baker, and Charlie were slated for 1946; X-ray, Yoke, and Zebra were slated for 1948. These were letters in the military radio alphabet—a clarification of who was really the master of the bomb.

Irradiated Kodak X-ray film. Courtesy National Archives and Records Administration

By 1992, the U.S. government had conducted more than a thousand nuclear tests, and other nations—China, France, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union—had joined in the frenzy. The last aboveground detonation took place over Lop Nur, a dried-up salt lake in northwestern China, in 1980. We are some years away, in other words, from the day when no living person will have seen that unearthly light firsthand. But Trinity left secondhand signs behind. Because the gadget exploded so close to the ground, the fireball sucked up dirt and debris. Some of it melted and settled back down, cooling into a radioactive green glass that was dubbed Trinitite, and some of it floated away. A minute quantity of the dust ended up in a river about a thousand miles east of Alamogordo, where, in early August, 1945, it was taken up into a paper mill that manufactured strawboard for Eastman Kodak. The strawboard was used to pack some of the company’s industrial X-ray film, which, when it was developed, was mottled with dark blotches and pinpoint stars—the final exposure of the first light of the nuclear age.

[tenth-sentence]

They felt themselves caught in a vast machinery and they certainly were inadequately informed as to the true political and strategic situation.†

† General Groves states that he, too, had not been told of the Japanese peace feelers. The State Department, on the other hand, though it knew every detail of the action taken by Tokyo in this connexion, had been given not the slightest warning of the imminent use of the new weapon.

"Brighter than a Thousand Suns: A Personal History of the Atomic Scientists" - Robert Jungk, translated by James Cleugh

[whats-in-a-sentence]

Oppenheimer subsequently gave the following account of its deliberations:

The other two assignments which the panel had – one was quite slight. We were asked to comment on whether the bomb should be used. I think the reason we were asked for that comment was because a petition had been sent in from a very distinguished and thoughtful group of scientists: 'No, it should not be used.' It would be better for everything that they should not. We didn't know beans about the military situation in Japan. We didn't know whether they could be caused to surrender by other means or whether the invasion was really inevitable. But in back of our minds was the the notion that the invasion was inevitable because we had been told that. I have not been able to review this document, but what it said I think is characteristic of how technical people should answer questions.

We said that we didn't think that being scientists especially qualified us as to how to answer this question of how the bombs should be used or not; opinion was divided among us as it would be among other people if they knew about it.* We thought the two overriding considerations were the saving of lives in the war and the effect of our actions on the stability, on our strength and the stability of the postwar world. We did say that we did not think that exploding one of these things as a firecracker over a desert was likely to be very impressive.

* It was E. O. Lawrence who objected most strongly to the dropping of the bomb. He did so, according to Compton, because some of his pupils had been Japanese.

"Brighter than a Thousand Suns: A Personal History of the Atomic Scientists" - Robert Jungk, translated by James Cleugh

[rideretremando]

L' arte d'insultare:

D’Annunzio su Marinetti

Cretino fosforescente.

Marinetti su D’Annunzio

Idiota con lampi di imbecillità.

Gore Vidal su Truman Capote

È in tutto è per tutto una casalinga del Kansas, pregiudizi compresi.

Truman Capote su Jack Kerouac

Quello non è scrivere, è battere a macchina.

Oscar Wilde su Alexander Pope

Ci sono due modi per disprezzare la poesia: uno è disprezzarla, l’altro è leggere Pope.

D.H. Lawrence su Herman Melville

Nessuno riesce a essere più buffonesco, sgraziato e sentenziosamente di cattivo gusto come Herman Melville, persino in un grande libro come Moby Dick… Uno sforzo immane. Ma c’è qualcosa di finto. Ed è Melville. Oh Dio, quando il solenne asino raglia, raglia raglia!

Charles Baudelaire su Voltaire

Mi sono annoiato in Francia – e la ragione principale è che tutti assomigliano a Voltaire… il re degli imbecilli, il principe dei superficiali, l’anti-artista, il portavoce delle portinaie, il padre Gigogne dei redattori del “Siècle”.

Vladimir Nabokov su Fëdor Dostoevskij

La mancanza di gusto di Dostoevskij, il suo monotono trattare di personaggi sofferenti di complessi pre-freudiani, il suo modo di sguazzare nelle tragiche sventure dell’umana dignità – tutto ciò è difficile da ammirare.

William Faulkner su Ernest Hemingway

Non risulta aver adoperato mai parola che costringesse il lettore a consultare il dizionario.

Ernest Hemingway su William Faulkner

Povero Faulkner. Davvero crede che i paroloni suscitino forti emozioni?

William Faulkner su Mark Twain

Uno scribacchino che in Europa non sarebbe stato considerato nemmeno di quart’ordine, e che ha agghindato qualche vecchio schema letterario di provato successo con la giusta dose di regionalismo per affascinare i superficiali e i pigri.

D.H. Lawrence su James Joyce

Dio mio, che minestrone è James Joyce! Nient’altro che avanzi, torsoli di citazioni bibliche, e tutto il resto cotto nel brodo di una deliberata, giornalistica lascivia.

Virginia Woolf su Aldous Huxley

Completamente rozzo, immaturo e oppositivo.

Friedrich Nietzsche su Dante Alighieri

Una iena che scriveva poesie sulle tombe.

Gustave Flaubert su George Sands

Una muccona piena di inchiostro.

Elizabeth Bishop su J.D. Salinger

L’ho odiato [Il giovane Holden]. Mi ci sono voluti giorni per leggerlo, una pagina alla volta, con cautela, imbarazzandomi per lui a ogni frase ridicola. Come hanno potuto permetterglielo?

Mark Twain su Jane Austen

Non ci guadagno nulla a stroncare libri, e non lo faccio a meno che non li odii. Spesso ho provato a scrivere di Jane Austen, ma i suoi libri mi fanno diventare matto a tal punto che non riesco a nascondere la mia furia al lettore; perciò devo fermarmi ogni volta che comincio. Tutte le volte che leggo Orgoglio e Pregiudizio mi viene voglia di disseppellirla e colpirla sul cranio con la sua stessa tibia.

Henry James su Edgar Allan Poe

Provare entusiasmo per Poe è segno di uno stadio di pensiero decisamente primitivo.

Gertrude Stein su Ezra Pound

Lui descrive villaggi. Sarebbe eccellente se tu fossi un villaggio, ma nel caso non lo fossi, allora non lo sarebbe.

Thomas Bailey Aldrich su Emily Dickinson

Una reclusa eccentrica, sognatrice, di un villaggio fuori mano del New England (o di qualunque altro posto del mondo) non può impunemente disprezzare le leggi della gravità e della grammatica. L'oblio è in attesa nelle immediate vicinanze.

Bernhard su Heidegger

Ridicolo filisteo nazista con calzoni alla zuava, ciarlatano, ruminante, imbecille delle Prealpi.

Giacomo Puccini su Richard Wagner

Non si può giudicare l'opera di Wagner dopo averla ascoltata una sola volta, e non ho nessuna intenzione di ascoltarla una seconda

Lord Byron su John Keats

Ecco qui la poesia di Keats piscia-a-letto, e tre romanzi da iddio sa chi… Non più Keats, vi supplico: scorticatelo vivo; se qualcuno fra voi non è disposto a farlo, lo dovrò fare io in persona: non c’è posto per quelle schifezze idiote nel genere umano.

Céline su Proust

Sì, sarà anche bravo ma vorrà ammettere che scrivere 300 pagine per dire che lo vuoi prendere nel culo sono un pochino troppe.

[tfc2211]

Play ▶ Make Merry Christmas Again (Christmas Compilation)

Intro I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus - The Four Seasons Christmas Dinner - Tennessee Ernie Ford White Christmas - Hank Snow I'll Be Walking The Floor This Christmas - Ernest Tubb Hotta Chocolata - Dave King & The Keynotes Santa's Doing The Horizontal Twist - Kay Martin & Her Body Guards All Winter Long - Linda Laurie Dónde Está Santa Claus' (Where Is Santa Claus') - Augie Rios It Ain't Snowin' Outside - Georgie Auld & his Orchestra feat. Bill Darnell A Pocketful of Mistletoe - Sonny James New Baby for Christmas - Ted Daigle Suzy Snowflake - Rosemary Clooney Yulesville - Edd 'kookie' Byrnes Baby, It's Cold Outside - Pearl Bailey Christmas In New Orleans - Louis Armstrong The Cactus Christmas Tree - The McGuire Sisters Mambo, Santa, Mambo - The Enchanters Papa Noel - Brenda Lee Santa Claus Meets The Purple People Eater - Sheb Wooley Zoomah, The Santa Claus From Mars - Barry Gordon Outer Space Santa - Lawrence Welks Little Band w/ Janet, Brian, Cubby & The Lennon Sisters Christmas Kisses - The Bookends & Ray Anthony The Christmas Boogie - The Davis Sisters Good Morning Blues - Dee Dee Ford Bounce of the Sugar Plum Fairy - John Kirby Jing-A-Ling, Jing-A-Ling - The Andrews Sisters Mister Santa - Dorothy Collins The Christmas Choo Choo Train - Art Mooney & His Orchestra Christmas Is the Season - Jo Stafford Up On The Housetop - Eddy Arnold Snowflakes - The Fontaine Sisters O Little Town Of Bethlehem - The Lennon Sisters

[gods-favorite-lamb]

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Diluc Ragnvindr (Genshin Impact) ; #🍇🐑

Eden (Degrees of Lewdity) ; #🌲🐑

Eichi Tenshouin (Ensemble Stars) ; #⭐️🐑

Elio (Honkai: Star Rail) ; #🧿🐑

Elysia (Honkai Impact 3rd) ; #🌸🐑

Ena Shinonome (Project Sekai) ; #🎨🐑

Eridan Ampora (Homestuck) ; #🔱🐑

Eula Lawrence (Genshin Impact) ; #⛄️🐑

Firefly (Honkai: Star Rail) ; #🔥🐑

Freminet (Genshin Impact) ; #🐧🐑

Fyodor Dostoevsky (Bungou Stray Dogs) ; #🍷🐑

Gorou Akechi (Persona 5) ; #🥞🐑

Grell Sutcliff (Black Butler) ; #💋🐑

Haley (Stardew Valley) ; #💐🐑

Harper (Degrees of Lewdity) ; #🌀🐑

Heizou Shikanoin (Genshin Impact) ; #🔎🐑

Homura Akemi (Mahou Shoujo Madoka Magica) ; #🪻🐑

Hu Tao (Genshin Impact) ; #👻🐑

Jessie (Pokémon) ; #🚀🐑

Kaeya Alberich (Genshin Impact) ; #🍾🐑

Kafka (Honkai: Star Rail) ; #🕷️🐑

Kaveh (Genshin Impact) ; #🏛️🐑

Kazuha Kaedehara (Genshin Impact) ; #🍁🐑

Kenny McCormick (South Park) ; #🪦🐑

Kylar (Degrees of Lewdity) ; #👁️🐑

Lucifer Morningstar (Hazbin Hotel) ; #🍎🐑

Lumine (Genshin Impact) ; #☀️🐑

Luocha (Honkai: Star Rail) ; #⚜️🐑

Mafuyu Asahina (Project Sekai) ; #🌙🐑

Makima (Chainsaw Man) ; #⛓️🐑

Malleus Draconia (Twisted Wonderland) ; #🗝️🐑

Mari Ohara (Love Live) ; #🪩🐑

Mary (Ib) ; #💛🐑

Mint (Animal Crossing) ; #🍫🐑

Monika (Doki Doki Literature Club) ; #📀🐑

Navia (Genshin Impact) ; #⚓️🐑

Neuvillette (Genshin Impact) ; #🌊🐑

N Harmonia (Pokémon Black/White) ; #🍃🐑

Ougai Mori (Bungou Stray Dogs) ; #🍷🐑

Remy (Degrees of Lewdity) ; #🐮🐑

Riddle Rosehearts (Twisted Wonderland) ; #♥️🐑

Riko Sakurauchi (Love Live) ; #🎹🐑

Robin Wood (Honkai: Star Rail) ; #🦢🐑

Sal (Wadanohara and the Great Blue Sea) ; #🦈🐑

Satanick (Ogekom) ; #💀🐑

Satou Matsuzaka (Happy Sugar Life) ; #🍬🐑

Sayori (Doki Doki Literature Club) ; #🍪🐑

Silver (Sonic) ; #🩶🐑

Sparkle (Honkai: Star Rail) ; #🎈🐑

Sunny / Omori (Omori) ; #🎻🐑

Susie Campbell (Bendy and the Ink Machine) ; #🎙️🐑

Sydney (Degrees of Lewdity) ; #✝️🐑

Topaz (Honkai: Star Rail) ; #🐷🐑

Tsukasa Tenma (Project Sekai) ; #💫🐑

Venti (Genshin Impact) ; #💨🐑

Welt Yang (Honkai: Star Rail) ; #👓🐑

Whitney (Degrees of Lewdity) ; #🚬🐑

Wren (Degrees of Lewdity) ; #🃏🐑

Xingqiu (Genshin Impact) ; #📖🐑

Yae Miko (Genshin Impact) ; #🦊🐑

Yanqing (Honkai: Star Rail) ; #⚔️🐑

Yelan (Genshin Impact) ; #🏹🐑

Yuri (Doki Doki Literature Club) ; #📚🐑

[aro-simp]

Hi! Y'all can call me Sean or Sebastian (he/it + cyber/glitch/[redacted])! This is a sideblog, I follow and like from @couple-of-assbutts (and occasionally @schroedingers-faggot )

No DNI, ship and let ship

no tag system, I try to tag all nsfw as nsft

All our posts are okay to be reblogged no need to ask permission :)

F/O list and More On Us is beneath the Read More!

In brackets are shipnames so I won't forget abizt them

Fictoromantic F/Os:

Inspector Lestrade - Sherlock Holmes [Clueless Love]

Bassa Selim - Die Entführung aus dem Serail [Felix Amor]

Tim Bradford - The Rookie [Tough Luck]

Queerplatonic F/Os (this list is not, and probably will never be, complete):

Jesse Pinkman - Breaking Bad [JesSean]

Krazy-8/Domingo - Breaking Bad

Maddie Nolen - Arcane

Helmut Zemo - Captain America: Civil War

Bucky - MCU

Levi - AoT

Captain Curly - Mouthwashing

Jimmy - Mouthwashing (fictive)

Pete "Maverick" Mitchell - Top Gun [PsyMav] (soulbonded)

Bradley "Rooster" Bradshaw - Top Gun: Maverick [RoosPsy] (introject)

Nick "Goose" Bradshaw - Top Gun [GoosePsy]

Jack Traven - Speed

Gregory House - House MD

Robert Chase - House MD

Lawrence Kutner - House MD

Ninth Doctor - Doctor Who

The Author - Doctor Who OC [Quill-N-Drill]

Simm!Master - Doctor Who [Your Lord And Master]

Captain Jack Harkness - Doctor Who

Rebecca Crane - Assassin's Creed

Desmond Miles - Assassin's Creed

Wyll - Baldur's Gate 3

Karlach - Baldur's Gate 3

Jonathan Crane/Scarecrow - Batman Begins

Bane - The Dark Knight Rises

Almond Cookie + Tea Knight Cookie - Cookie Run

Eddie Brock - Venom

Hobie Brown - Spider-Man: Across the Spiderverse

Gollum - Lord of The Rings

Shane - Stardew Valley

Javier Esposito + Kevin Ryan - Castle

Jerry Tyson - Castle

Ilya Sokurov - The Rookie

Jared Stone - Castle

Ivan - Die Fledermaus

Figaro - Barber of Sevilla

Agent Stone - Sonic

Adam - Hazbin Hotel

Sir Pentious - Hazbin Hotel

Reginald Thorpe - maritimverse

Rodney Lambert - maritimverse

Farengar Secret-Fire - Skyrim

Rune - Skyrim

Dr John Watson - Sherlock Holmes

Dorian Gray - The Picture of Dorian Gray

Henry Clerval - Frankenstein

Robert Walton - Frankenstein

Matthew Asquith - Sherlock Holmes: Der Erpresser von Edinburgh

Cicero - Skyrim

Crowley - Good Omens

Aragorn - Lord of The Rings

Gavin Reed - Detroit: Become Human

Jacob Frye - Assassin's Creed [Jaccup]

John Standish - Assassin's Creed [IT Noob]

James Bond - personal AU

William Cooper - R.E.D.

Sexual F/Os (almost all my selfship have a sexual component, these however are exclusively sexual F/Os):

Cahir - The Witcher (Netflix)

Ancano - Skyrim

Julius Caesar - Asterix

Platonic and Familial F/Os (very very shortened version):

Viggo Grimborn - Dragons: Race To The Edge

Toothless - How To Train Your Dragon (Movies)

Oscar - maritimverse

Polly Danbridge-Burton - maritimverse

Ernest Fillmore - maritimverse

Natasha "Phoenix" Trace - Top Gun: Maverick

Robert "Bob" Floyd - Top Gun: Maverick

Dark Choco Cookie - Cookie Run

Red Velvet Cookie - Cookie Run

Simon "Ghost" Riley - Call of Duty

Ethan Hunt - Mission Impossible

Some random links:

TES OCs, Top Gun S/I

I'm the median host of The Auditorium Hivemind (Audio Hive/Tah)! And this is Bucky, one of our headmates!

"He's just like me fr" - fictionselves (fictotypes and median fictives. We also have other fictives in the main sys but this is abizt meeeeee) - incomplete

Shaun Hastings (Assassin's Creed)

Hiccup/Hicks (How To Train Your Dragon)

Boromir (Lord of the Rings)

James Moriarty (maritimverse)

Sherlock Holmes (ACD Canon)

Connor/RK800 (Detroit: Become Human)

Basil Hallward (The Picture of Dorian Gray)

Powder (Arcane)

Elijah Miles (Assassin's Creed)

Carter (James Bond: Casino Royale)

Aziraphale (Good Omens)

I'm really autistic about dragons and (german) voice acting :)

[yorik59lene]

Otto Gross im Jahr 1919. Sieben Monate später stirbt er in einem Sanatorium. Foto: Wikimedia Commons

D. H. Lawrence in Oberbayern: Otto Gross

Do you know München and the Isarthal? I can recommend it to you any day for a treat – it knocks the Rhineland into a cocked hat. (The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Vol. 1, S. 417)

Im Frühjahr und Sommer 1912 h��lt sich D. H. Lawrence an der Seite von Frieda Weekley, geborene von Richthofen, in München und im südlichen Umland auf. Vorausgegangen ist eine weitreichende Entscheidung: Lawrence hat sich der Gattin seines Französischprofessors Ernest Weekley, bei dem er seit 1906 studiert, angeschlossen und ist mit ihr aus Nottingham in ihre deutsche Heimat entflohen. Bereits am 18. Mai 1912 weilt Frieda in München, Lawrence kommt am 24. Mai aus Waldbröl nach, um sie dort zu treffen. Während er die enge Kleinbürgerlichkeit seiner Herkunft in England zurücklässt, flieht sie vor der bürgerlichen Konvention ihrer viel zu früh eingegangenen freudlosen Ehe. Verantwortlich dafür ist eine schillernde Figur der Schwabinger Bohème, die Frieda schon im Jahre 1907 kennengelernt hat: der österreichische Psychoanalytiker und Sigmund Freud-Schüler Otto Gross. Gross verbindet die Lehre Freuds mit der Emanzipation des Sexus zu einer radikalen anarchistischen Gesellschaftskritik – aus der Befreiung der Sexualität des Einzelnen soll die Befreiung der ganzen Gesellschaft hervorgehen. Als Otto Gross Frieda vorschlägt, ihren Mann zu verlassen, ist es wiederum München, wohin sie zu ihm stoßen soll. Wie ihre Schwester Else von Richthofen, verheiratete Jaffé, hat auch sie eine spontane Liebesaffäre mit ihm, bleibt aber zeitlebens eine glühende Anhängerin seiner „Erotischen Weltanschauung“. Im Roman Mr. Noon wird auf dieses libidinöse Verhältnis in der Figur Johanna Keighleys zu ihrem „phantastischen Liebhaber“ Eberhard mehrfach angespielt:

„Der gewöhnlichste Mann, den ich je hatte, ist eigentlich mein Ehemann. – Nein, ich hatte einen wunderbaren Liebhaber – einen Arzt und Philosophen, hier in München. Oh, ich liebte ihn so sehr – und ich wartete auf seine Briefe...“

„Wann, vor Ihrer Heirat?“

„O nein. Es ist erst zwei Jahre her. Er war zuerst Louises [Johannas Schwester, Anm. d. Verf.] Liebhaber. Er war es, der mich eigentlich befreit hat. Ich war einfach die konventionelle Ehefrau, die das Eingepferchtsein schlicht verrückt machte. Aber er war wunderbar, Eberhard. Ah, ich habe ihn wirklich geliebt.“ (Mr. Noon, S. 185)

„Liebe ist Sexualität. Aber man kann seine Sexualität nur im Kopf haben, wie die Heiligen früher. Das nenne ich allerdings eine Form der Perversion. Sie nicht? Sexualität ist Sexualität und sollte in der angemessenen Form ihren Ausdruck finden – finden Sie nicht? Und es gibt kein starkes Gefühl, das in jemandem geweckt wird und nicht ein Element von Sexualität enthält –“ (Mr. Noon, 187)

„Einfach Sexualität. Sie ist die Art von Magnetismus, der die Menschen zusammenhält und größer ist als die Individuen.“ (Ebda.)

Der Sexus als Vehikel einer strengen Naturphysik und Grundlage einer geschlossenen Gesellschaft, die Erneuerung der Welt aus dem Geist der Mythen: Von diesen teilweise kruden Ideen Otto Gross' bleibt auch der englische Dichter D. H. Lawrence nicht verschont. Den ewigen Antagonismus zwischen Reflexion und Emotion, Rationalität und Spiritualität, Zivilisation und Kultur, christlichem Humanismus und neuheidnischem Vitalismus – dargestellt anhand traumatischer Geschlechterbeziehungen – hat Lawrence nicht zuletzt in seinem bekanntesten Werk Lady Chatterley (Lady Chatterley's Lover) zur Sprache gebracht. Doch noch befindet er sich am Anfang seiner schriftstellerischen Karriere.

Verfasst von: Monacensia Literaturarchiv und Bibliothek / Dr. Peter Czoik

Ein Liebhaber

[remodelingheroesberkeley]

Unveiling the Marvels of Science: Lawrence Hall of Science's Inspiring Journey in Berkeley, CA

Throughout human history, the pursuit of science has often been likened to an expedition into uncharted territory. This analogy beautifully encapsulates the origin and growth of Lawrence Hall of Science, Berkeley's premier science museum located in California.

Established in 1968, this institution was conceived as a guiding light for imparting scientific knowledge in an engaging and accessible manner - a mission it has admirably fulfilled for over half a century. Through its innovative exhibits and educational programs, Lawrence Hall has not only been pivotal in nurturing scientific curiosity but has also bolstered academic achievements by providing hands-on learning opportunities.

The impact of this esteemed institution on communities is tangible. It transcends the role of a mere building housing scientific artifacts; instead, it cultivates an environment where individuals from diverse backgrounds can come together to explore and comprehend complex scientific phenomena within their grasp.

The journey of Lawrence Hall thus far provides invaluable insights into how such establishments can cultivate a passion for science among the general population and significantly contribute to the creation of scientifically literate societies.

The Transformation and Influence of Berkeley's Leading Science Museum

Tracing the transformation and influence of Berkeley's premier science museum unveils an inspiring odyssey that has significantly advanced and popularized scientific knowledge.

Established in 1968 as a living tribute to physicist Ernest O. Lawrence, this institution has consistently been a pioneer in Museum Modernization endeavors.

Its innovative approach to interactive exhibits and hands-on learning methods has played a pivotal role in reshaping traditional museum visits into dynamic exploratory experiences for learners of all ages.

Embracing technological advancements, it swiftly incorporated digital platforms, augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality (VR) capabilities to create Impactful Exhibitions that not only educate but also spark curiosity about the world.

Lawrence Hall's strategic location offers panoramic vistas of San Francisco Bay, serving as a breathtaking backdrop to its mission: to promote scientific understanding by kindling and nurturing 'the Wow'—that instant of realization when science begins to make sense.

This unique fusion of stunning visuals with captivating exhibits is instrumental in instilling a subconscious sense of belonging among visitors, reinforcing their connection with nature while delving into scientific concepts.

The museum's role transcends its physical confines; it actively engages in field research projects, develops curriculum materials for schools across the nation, and conducts professional development programs for educators—making science accessible and captivating for individuals of all ages and backgrounds.

[denimbex1986]

'Breaking into Hollywood stardom in the early 2000s, Josh Hartnett fast became a teenage idol through his early work and was fast-tracked to become the next best thing. Initially disillusioned with the celebrity lifestyle, though, he turned down many starring roles in major movies and even resorted to taking a lengthy hiatus from the industry not to lose his passion for acting entirely.

While fans of Hartnett from his earliest roles may lament the lost possibility of what could have been, his carefully selected career trajectory has seen him feature in some bizarre but brilliant films. With Oppenheimer seeing the much-loved movie star back on the big screen in front of mainstream audiences, these 10 films present as the best of a stellar career that may be just hitting its peak.

10. 'O' (2001)

Taking Shakespeare’s classic play Othello and applying it to the basketball scene of a modern American high school, O was an experimental teen drama that was always intriguing despite having some flaws. It focuses on local basketball star Odin (Mekhi Phifer), who is convinced of his girlfriend’s cheating by a conniving friend motivated by jealousy.

While the premise seems difficult to take seriously, O actually produced some genuinely good dramatic moments, and its approach to teenage violence was strikingly mature. It also struck gold in casting Hartnett as the envious villain, allowing him to display his acting chops as a complicated character that was both despicable and entirely believable.

9. 'Wrath of Man' (2021)

A gritty action delight noteworthy for reuniting Guy Ritchie and Jason Statham, Wrath of Man offered intense thrills and a winding story to boot. It follows H (Statham), a mysterious new employee at Fortico Security whose exemplary combat skills prevent a heist and lead his colleagues to question the man and his sketchy past.

With elements of one-man-army action, heist thrills, and even revenge drama, the movie offered up something for all action lovers to enjoy. It also featured Josh Hartnett, who stood out among the star-studded cast with his enjoyably unheroic turn as a fellow Fortico Security guard who gradually finds his courage.

8. '30 Days of Night' (2007)

Based on the comic book miniseries of the same name, 30 Days of Night was a pulsating mixture of blood-and-guts horror and thrilling action. It follows the residents of a remote Alaskan town who struggle to survive a month of no sunlight when a mob of vampires descends upon them, killing most of the townsfolk immediately and leaving the rest in a desperate fight for their lives.

An amalgamation of horror subgenres doused in more than enough gore to keep the genre’s most eager fans satisfied; it kept finding new ways to be intriguing throughout its duration, even with its simple premise. While Danny Huston’s villainous performance received plenty of praise, the film also served as an adequate reminder of Josh Hartnett’s natural ability in leading roles.

7. 'Oh Lucy!' (2017)

An overlooked gem of modern Asian cinema, Oh Lucy! was a dazzling hit of empathetic, tragic fun which blended romance with adventure. The film follows Setsuko (Shinobu Terajima), a lonely office worker in Tokyo who develops a crush on her English teacher and ventures to America to follow him when he abruptly leaves.

The film grounded itself in universal themes, which it explored in quirky yet strikingly honest ways, with the entire cast putting in outstanding and nuanced performances to make it work. It also wasn’t afraid to get quite dark, making for a heartbreaking tragicomedy that thrived off the back of Terajima’s brilliance and used Hartnett’s comedic talent perfectly.

6. 'The Faculty' (1998)

After making his debut in one of the forgettable installments of the Halloween franchise, Josh Hartnett got more opportunities to showcase his potential in the sci-fi/horror The Faculty. From director Robert Rodriguez, it follows a misfit group of high school students who discover their classmates and teachers have been overtaken by parasitic aliens and cook up an unlikely plan to save everyone.

In addition to its overt sci-fi/horror premise, The Faculty also ran with an affectionate focus on teen drama and high school politics, themes brought to life by the film’s surprisingly fantastic cast. Hartnett portrayed Zeke Tyler, an intelligent though problematic youth who holds the answer to defeating the alien race in his drug-dealing antics.

5. 'Lucky Number Slevin' (2006)

A fascinating example of differing opinions, critics were harsh on Lucky Number Slevin, but casual moviegoers loved it. The action crime-thriller follows a wrongly apprehended man. He is dragged into a vicious feud between two rival crime lords, where he is given a violent ultimatum and is tailed by two men as he frantically decides what he’ll do next.

Using an outstanding cast boasting the likes of Bruce Willis, Morgan Freeman, and Ben Kingsley alongside Hartnett in the starring role, the movie presented as a fun-filled action spectacle. It also utilized a twisty story, heavily stylized characters, and eye-catching set design to make a lasting impression on audiences.

4. 'The Virgin Suicides' (1999)

For much of the early part of his career, Josh Hartnett was considered a heartthrob. It is easy to see how his role in The Virgin Suicides may be a big reason for that. As Sofia Coppola’s directorial debut, it focuses on five sheltered teenage sisters in 1970s America and the neighborhood boys who grow obsessed with them.

Based on Jeffrey Eugenides novel of the same name, the film uses the boys’ reminiscing of their younger days as the framework for the premise, allowing the film to take on a hypnotic, dreamlike meditation of adolescent angst. In what was just his third feature film credit, Hartnett was able to make the part of the young Trip Fontaine a memorable highlight of his career.

3. 'Sin City' (2005)

With its striking stylistic choices, graphic yet cartoonish violence, and forbidden allure, Sin City was a barnstorming, flamboyant dose of comic book ultra-violence. It follows a range of shady characters as they go about their business in the cesspool that is Sin City, with everything from vigilante cops to ex-prostitutes and their lovers getting their time to shine.

Within the chaos, Hartnett appeared as The Salesman — aka The Man or The Colonel — a slick assassin who is hired by a woman who wants to kill herself. His small, condensed story of passion and violence proved to be a perfect introduction to the film, highlighting its neo-noir tone, arresting style, and penchant for jarring and abrupt violence.

2. 'Black Hawk Down' (2001)

Based on real events, Ridley Scott’s grueling yet gripping modern war drama presented a horrifying depiction of combat. Following the American Special Forces units who were sent into Mogadishu to capture two lieutenants of a violent warlord, it shows how the mission went wrong as the soldiers were overrun and two of their Black Hawk helicopters were shot down.

While it was somewhat limited in scope and perspective, Black Hawk Down was incredibly effective as a no-holds-barred nosedive into combat's graphic intensity and abruptness. Hartnett was more than comfortable in the starring role, leading a stellar ensemble cast with aplomb.

1. 'Oppenheimer' (2023)

Oppenheimer should go on to become one of the biggest films of 2023. A commercial smash hit and a critically acclaimed masterpiece from Christopher Nolan, the film follows J. Robert Oppenheimer’s (Cillian Murphy) work on developing the atomic bomb and the political fallout that came as a result of that and his leftist leanings.

Among the many great delights the film offered, one that made many fans happy was seeing Hartnett back on the big screen in a major blockbuster. His supporting role was also quite significant, portraying the Nobel Prize-winning nuclear physicist and Oppenheimer’s colleague Ernest Lawrence, which gave him ample opportunity to showcase his acting talents.'

[oppenheimer-2023-a-zdarma]

Sledovani Filmy česky Oppenheimer 2023 A Zdarma

Sledovat Oppenheimer (2023) Film Online Zdarma CZ Dabingom i Titulky celý film online česko-slovenská. Raj všetkých online filmov a seriálov 2023 úplne zadarmo a navyše bez otravných reklám.

Sledujte Oppenheimer online cz zdarma? Zjistěte, kde můžete sledovat obsah online z nabídky 7 služeb.

Kde Sledovat Oppenheimer Filmy Online Zdarma:

► Klikněte zde pro shlédnutí filmu Oppenheimer - Online zdarma v HD

Oppenheimer online cz zdarma? Zjistěte, kde můžete sledovat obsah online z nabídky 7 služeb.

Kde sledovat Oppenheimera?

několik způsobů, jak sledovat film Oppenheimer online v USA Můžete použít streamovací službu, jako je Netflix, Hulu nebo Amazon Prime Video. Film si také můžete vypůjčit nebo zakoupit na iTunes nebo Google Play. sledujte jej na vyžádání nebo ve streamovací aplikaci dostupné na vašem televizoru nebo streamovacím zařízení, pokud máte kabel.

Co je to film Oppenheimer?

Oppenheimer je americký životopisný thriller, který napsal, produkoval a režíroval Christopher Nolan podle životopisné knihy American Prometheus z roku 2005 od Kaie Birda a Martina J. Sherwina o Robertu Oppenheimerovi, jaderném fyzikovi, který se podílel na vývoji prvních jaderných zbraní v rámci projektu Manhattan. V hlavní roli se představil Cillian Murphy, dále hrají Emily Blunt, Matt Damon, Robert Downey Jr., Florence Pugh, Josh Hartnett, Casey Affleck, Rami Malek a Kenneth Branagh.

Film byl oznámen v září 2021, kdy společnost Universal Pictures vyhrála výběrové řízení. Natáčení začalo koncem února 2022 a skončilo v květnu téhož roku. Film byl natáčen v kombinaci IMAX 65mm a 65mm velkoformátového filmu – včetně úseků natočených v témže formátu IMAX černobíle. Stejně jako ve svých předchozích filmech použil Nolan rozsáhlé praktické efekty a minimum CGI.

Kdy vyjde film Oppenheimer?

Premiéra filmu Oppenheimer se uskutečnila 11. července 2023 v pařížském Le Grand Rex a do kin byl ve Velké Británii a Spojených státech uveden 21. července 2023, v Česku již o den dříve, 20. července.

Kdo je obsazením filmu Oppenheimer?

Cillian Murphy jako Robert Oppenheimer Emily Bluntová jako Katherine „Kitty“ Oppenheimerová Matt Damon jako Leslie Groves Robert Downey Jr. jako Lewis Strauss Florence Pughová jako Jean Tatlock Josh Hartnett jako Ernest Lawrence Casey Affleck jako Boris Pash Rami Malek jako David Hill Kenneth Branagh jako Niels Bohr

Kompletní údaje o filmu Oppenheimer

Oppenheimer OPPENHEIMER DRAMA HISTORICKÝ ŽIVOTOPISNÝ 2023 180 minut Velká Británie, USA od 15 let

Režie : Christopher Nolan

Hudba : Ludwig Göransson

Kamera : Hoyte van Hoytema

Střih : Jennifer Lame

Hrají : Cillian Murphy, Emily Blunt, Matt Damon, Robert Downey Jr., Florence Pugh, Rami Malek, Benny Safdie, Josh Hartnett, Kenneth Branagh, Jack Quaid, Josh Peck, James D'Arcy, Emma Dumont, Louise Lombard, Dane DeHaan, Casey Affleck, Jason Clarke, Michael Angarano, David Dastmalchian, David Krumholtz, Matthew Modine, Alden Ehrenreich, Dylan Arnold, Matthias Schweighöfer, Gary Oldman, Scott Grimes, Gustaf Skarsgård, Tony Goldwyn, Alex Wolff, Devon Bostick, Bryce Johnson, Guy Burnet, Christopher Denham, Harrison Gilbertson, Gregory Jbara, Danny Deferrari, Trond Fausa Aurvåg, Jacob Taylor, David Rysdahl, Tom Conti, Olivia Thirlby, James Remar, Josh Zuckerman, Jeff Hephner&nbsp

Oppenheimer na Disney Plus?

Na Disney+ nejsou žádné stopy po Oppenheimer Trail, důkaz, že House of Mouse nemá žádnou kontrolu nad celou franšízou! Disney+, domov pro tituly jako 'Star Wars', 'Marvel', 'Pixar', National GOppenheimer graphic', ESPN, STAR a další, je k dispozici za roční předplatné 79,99 $ nebo měsíční poplatek 0,99 $. Pokud jste jen fanouškem některé z těchto značek, stojí za to se přihlásit do Disney+ a nemá ani reklamy.

Oppenheimer na HBO Max?

Je nám líto, ale Oppenheimer Way není na HBO Max k dispozici. Je tu spousta obsahu HBO Max za 14,99 $ měsíčně, toto předplatné je bez reklam a umožňuje vám přístup ke každému titulu v knihovně HBO Max. Streamovací platforma oznámila verzi podporovanou reklamou, která stojí mnohem méně za 9,99 $ měsíčně.

Oppenheimer na Amazon VidOppenheimer?

Bohužel, Oppenheimer Path by Water není k dispozici ke streamování zdarma na Amazon Prime VidOppenheimer. Můžete si však vybrat i jiné pořady a filmy, které budete odtud sledovat, protože má širokou škálu pořadů a filmů, ze kterých si můžete vybrat za 14,99 $ měsíčně.

Oppenheimer na Peacockovi?

Oppenheimer Way nelze na Peacock v době psaní tohoto článku sledovat. Peacock nabízí předplatné, které stojí 4,99 $ měsíčně nebo 49,99 $ ročně u prémiového účtu. Stejně jako její jmenovec si streamovací platforma může hrát s venkovním obsahem zdarma, i když omezeně.

Oppenheimer na Paramount Plus?

Oppenheimer The Road to Water není na Paramount Plus. Paramount Plus nabízí správnou možnost předplatného: základní verze služby Paramount + Essential podporuje reklamu za 4,99 $ měsíčně a prémiový plán bez reklam za 9,99 $ měsíčně.

Kde mohu sledovat film Oppenheimer zdarma?

Cinemov je webová stránka, která nabízí zdarma více než 20 000 streamovaných filmů všech žánrů zdarma. Když se přihlásíte, najdete neomezené množství HD filmů, obrovský katalog k procházení a vyhledávací panel, který vám umožní vyhledat všechny filmy, které chcete vidět.

Zajímá vás, jak legálně sledovat bezplatný streaming filmu Oppenheimer? Pokud ano, budete rádi, že je to skutečně možné, protože v současnosti existuje v Itálii několik webových stránek, kde můžete zdarma sledovat filmy všech žánrů a dob. V některých případech se možná budete muset zaregistrovat prostřednictvím e-mailu nebo použít svůj online účet k přihlášení.

Řeknu vám podrobně, jak můžete pomocí nejpopulárnějších internetových stránek, online služeb a aplikací pro chytré telefony/tablety streamovat filmy zdarma. Cinemov je jedna z nejlepších stránek. Nabídka filmů sahá od nejnovějších filmů po klasiky z historie kinematografie, od amerických filmů po italské filmy, od hororů po komedie… zkrátka svoboda výběru, počet filmů je působivý. Samozřejmě to nenajdete, když půjdete do kina.

[sledujte-filmy-oppenheimer-cz]

Sledujte Filmy ― Oppenheimer Celý Film (2023) Online CZ

Sledovat Oppenheimer filmy? Podívejte se zde! Oppenheimer film online (2023) celý film cz titulky a zdarma v HD česky.

Kde Sledovat Oppenheimer Filmy Online Zdarma:

► Klikněte zde pro shlédnutí filmu Oppenheimer - Online zdarma v HD

Oppenheimer online cz zdarma? Zjistěte, kde můžete sledovat obsah online z nabídky 7 služeb.

Kde sledovat Oppenheimera?

několik způsobů, jak sledovat film Oppenheimer online v USA Můžete použít streamovací službu, jako je Netflix, Hulu nebo Amazon Prime Video. Film si také můžete vypůjčit nebo zakoupit na iTunes nebo Google Play. sledujte jej na vyžádání nebo ve streamovací aplikaci dostupné na vašem televizoru nebo streamovacím zařízení, pokud máte kabel.

Co je to film Oppenheimer?

Oppenheimer je americký životopisný thriller, který napsal, produkoval a režíroval Christopher Nolan podle životopisné knihy American Prometheus z roku 2005 od Kaie Birda a Martina J. Sherwina o Robertu Oppenheimerovi, jaderném fyzikovi, který se podílel na vývoji prvních jaderných zbraní v rámci projektu Manhattan. V hlavní roli se představil Cillian Murphy, dále hrají Emily Blunt, Matt Damon, Robert Downey Jr., Florence Pugh, Josh Hartnett, Casey Affleck, Rami Malek a Kenneth Branagh.

Film byl oznámen v září 2021, kdy společnost Universal Pictures vyhrála výběrové řízení. Natáčení začalo koncem února 2022 a skončilo v květnu téhož roku. Film byl natáčen v kombinaci IMAX 65mm a 65mm velkoformátového filmu – včetně úseků natočených v témže formátu IMAX černobíle. Stejně jako ve svých předchozích filmech použil Nolan rozsáhlé praktické efekty a minimum CGI.

Kdy vyjde film Oppenheimer?

Premiéra filmu Oppenheimer se uskutečnila 11. července 2023 v pařížském Le Grand Rex a do kin byl ve Velké Británii a Spojených státech uveden 21. července 2023, v Česku již o den dříve, 20. července.

Kdo je obsazením filmu Oppenheimer?

Cillian Murphy jako Robert Oppenheimer Emily Bluntová jako Katherine „Kitty“ Oppenheimerová Matt Damon jako Leslie Groves Robert Downey Jr. jako Lewis Strauss Florence Pughová jako Jean Tatlock Josh Hartnett jako Ernest Lawrence Casey Affleck jako Boris Pash Rami Malek jako David Hill Kenneth Branagh jako Niels Bohr

Kompletní údaje o filmu Oppenheimer

Oppenheimer OPPENHEIMER DRAMA HISTORICKÝ ŽIVOTOPISNÝ 2023 180 minut Velká Británie, USA od 15 let

Režie : Christopher Nolan

Hudba : Ludwig Göransson

Kamera : Hoyte van Hoytema

Střih : Jennifer Lame

Hrají : Cillian Murphy, Emily Blunt, Matt Damon, Robert Downey Jr., Florence Pugh, Rami Malek, Benny Safdie, Josh Hartnett, Kenneth Branagh, Jack Quaid, Josh Peck, James D'Arcy, Emma Dumont, Louise Lombard, Dane DeHaan, Casey Affleck, Jason Clarke, Michael Angarano, David Dastmalchian, David Krumholtz, Matthew Modine, Alden Ehrenreich, Dylan Arnold, Matthias Schweighöfer, Gary Oldman, Scott Grimes, Gustaf Skarsgård, Tony Goldwyn, Alex Wolff, Devon Bostick, Bryce Johnson, Guy Burnet, Christopher Denham, Harrison Gilbertson, Gregory Jbara, Danny Deferrari, Trond Fausa Aurvåg, Jacob Taylor, David Rysdahl, Tom Conti, Olivia Thirlby, James Remar, Josh Zuckerman, Jeff Hephner&nbsp

Oppenheimer na Disney Plus?

Na Disney+ nejsou žádné stopy po Oppenheimer Trail, důkaz, že House of Mouse nemá žádnou kontrolu nad celou franšízou! Disney+, domov pro tituly jako 'Star Wars', 'Marvel', 'Pixar', National GOppenheimer graphic', ESPN, STAR a další, je k dispozici za roční předplatné 79,99 $ nebo měsíční poplatek 0,99 $. Pokud jste jen fanouškem některé z těchto značek, stojí za to se přihlásit do Disney+ a nemá ani reklamy.

Oppenheimer na HBO Max?

Je nám líto, ale Oppenheimer Way není na HBO Max k dispozici. Je tu spousta obsahu HBO Max za 14,99 $ měsíčně, toto předplatné je bez reklam a umožňuje vám přístup ke každému titulu v knihovně HBO Max. Streamovací platforma oznámila verzi podporovanou reklamou, která stojí mnohem méně za 9,99 $ měsíčně.

Oppenheimer na Amazon VidOppenheimer?

Bohužel, Oppenheimer Path by Water není k dispozici ke streamování zdarma na Amazon Prime VidOppenheimer. Můžete si však vybrat i jiné pořady a filmy, které budete odtud sledovat, protože má širokou škálu pořadů a filmů, ze kterých si můžete vybrat za 14,99 $ měsíčně.

Oppenheimer na Peacockovi?

Oppenheimer Way nelze na Peacock v době psaní tohoto článku sledovat. Peacock nabízí předplatné, které stojí 4,99 $ měsíčně nebo 49,99 $ ročně u prémiového účtu. Stejně jako její jmenovec si streamovací platforma může hrát s venkovním obsahem zdarma, i když omezeně.

Oppenheimer na Paramount Plus?

Oppenheimer The Road to Water není na Paramount Plus. Paramount Plus nabízí správnou možnost předplatného: základní verze služby Paramount + Essential podporuje reklamu za 4,99 $ měsíčně a prémiový plán bez reklam za 9,99 $ měsíčně.

Kde mohu sledovat film Oppenheimer zdarma?

Cinemov je webová stránka, která nabízí zdarma více než 20 000 streamovaných filmů všech žánrů zdarma. Když se přihlásíte, najdete neomezené množství HD filmů, obrovský katalog k procházení a vyhledávací panel, který vám umožní vyhledat všechny filmy, které chcete vidět.

Zajímá vás, jak legálně sledovat bezplatný streaming filmu Oppenheimer? Pokud ano, budete rádi, že je to skutečně možné, protože v současnosti existuje v Itálii několik webových stránek, kde můžete zdarma sledovat filmy všech žánrů a dob. V některých případech se možná budete muset zaregistrovat prostřednictvím e-mailu nebo použít svůj online účet k přihlášení.

Řeknu vám podrobně, jak můžete pomocí nejpopulárnějších internetových stránek, online služeb a aplikací pro chytré telefony/tablety streamovat filmy zdarma. Cinemov je jedna z nejlepších stránek. Nabídka filmů sahá od nejnovějších filmů po klasiky z historie kinematografie, od amerických filmů po italské filmy, od hororů po komedie… zkrátka svoboda výběru, počet filmů je působivý. Samozřejmě to nenajdete, když půjdete do kina.

[filmy-cesky-oppenheimer-nolan]

Filmy ― Oppenheimer Christopher Nolan Celý Film česky Online Zdarma

Kde sledovat Oppenheimer filmy? Podívejte se zde! Oppenheimer filmy online (2023) celý film cz titulky a zdarma v HD česky.

Oppenheimer je americký životopisný thriller, který napsal, produkoval a režíroval Christopher Nolan podle životopisné knihy American Prometheus z roku 2005 od Kaie Birda a Martina J. Sherwina o Robertu Oppenheimerovi, jaderném fyzikovi, který se podílel na vývoji prvních jaderných zbraní v rámci projektu Manhattan.

Kde Sledovat Oppenheimer Filmy Online Zdarma:

► Klikněte zde pro shlédnutí filmu Oppenheimer - Online zdarma v HD

Oppenheimer online cz zdarma? Zjistěte, kde můžete sledovat obsah online z nabídky 7 služeb.

Kde sledovat Oppenheimera?

několik způsobů, jak sledovat film Oppenheimer online v USA Můžete použít streamovací službu, jako je Netflix, Hulu nebo Amazon Prime Video. Film si také můžete vypůjčit nebo zakoupit na iTunes nebo Google Play. sledujte jej na vyžádání nebo ve streamovací aplikaci dostupné na vašem televizoru nebo streamovacím zařízení, pokud máte kabel.

Co je to film Oppenheimer?

Film byl oznámen v září 2021, kdy společnost Universal Pictures vyhrála výběrové řízení. Natáčení začalo koncem února 2022 a skončilo v květnu téhož roku. Film byl natáčen v kombinaci IMAX 65mm a 65mm velkoformátového filmu – včetně úseků natočených v témže formátu IMAX černobíle. Stejně jako ve svých předchozích filmech použil Nolan rozsáhlé praktické efekty a minimum CGI.

V době, kdy Druhá světová válka ještě vypadala nerozhodně, probíhal na dálku dramatický souboj mezi Spojenými státy a Německem o to, komu se dřív podaří zkonstruovat atomovou bombu a získat nad nepřítelem rozhodující převahu. V Americe se tajný výzkum skrýval pod označením Projekt Manhattan a jedním z jeho klíčových aktérů byl astrofyzik Robert Oppenheimer. Pod obrovským časovým tlakem se s týmem dalších vědců pokoušel sestrojit vynález, který má potenciál zničit celý svět, ale bez jehož včasného dokončení se tentýž svět nepodaří zachránit…

Kdy vyjde film Oppenheimer?

Hlavní role Cillian Murphy jako Robert Oppenheimer Emily Bluntová jako Katherine „Kitty“ Oppenheimerová Matt Damon jako Leslie Groves Robert Downey Jr. jako Lewis Strauss Florence Pughová jako Jean Tatlock Josh Hartnett jako Ernest Lawrence Casey Affleck jako Boris Pash Rami Malek jako David Hill Kenneth Branagh jako Niels Bohr

Kdo je obsazením filmu Oppenheimer?

Premiéra filmu Oppenheimer se uskutečnila 11. července 2023 v pařížském Le Grand Rex a jeho uvedení do kin ve Velké Británii a Spojených státech je naplánováno na 21. července 2023, v Česku již o den dříve, 20. července.

Kompletní údaje o filmu Oppenheimer

Oppenheimer Drama / Historický / Životopisný USA / Velká Británie, 2023, 180 min Režie: Christopher Nolan Předloha: Kai Bird (kniha), Martin Sherwin (kniha) Scénář: Christopher Nolan Kamera: Hoyte van Hoytema

Oppenheimer na Disney Plus?

Na Disney+ nejsou žádné stopy po Oppenheimer Trail, důkaz, že House of Mouse nemá žádnou kontrolu nad celou franšízou! Disney+, domov pro tituly jako 'Star Wars', 'Marvel', 'Pixar', National GOppenheimer graphic', ESPN, STAR a další, je k dispozici za roční předplatné 79,99 $ nebo měsíční poplatek 0,99 $. Pokud jste jen fanouškem některé z těchto značek, stojí za to se přihlásit do Disney+ a nemá ani reklamy.

Oppenheimer na HBO Max?

Je nám líto, ale Oppenheimer Way není na HBO Max k dispozici. Je tu spousta obsahu HBO Max za 14,99 $ měsíčně, toto předplatné je bez reklam a umožňuje vám přístup ke každému titulu v knihovně HBO Max. Streamovací platforma oznámila verzi podporovanou reklamou, která stojí mnohem méně za 9,99 $ měsíčně.

Oppenheimer na Amazon VidOppenheimer?

Bohužel, Oppenheimer Path by Water není k dispozici ke streamování zdarma na Amazon Prime VidOppenheimer. Můžete si však vybrat i jiné pořady a filmy, které budete odtud sledovat, protože má širokou škálu pořadů a filmů, ze kterých si můžete vybrat za 14,99 $ měsíčně.

Oppenheimer na Peacockovi?

Oppenheimer Way nelze na Peacock v době psaní tohoto článku sledovat. Peacock nabízí předplatné, které stojí 4,99 $ měsíčně nebo 49,99 $ ročně u prémiového účtu. Stejně jako její jmenovec si streamovací platforma může hrát s venkovním obsahem zdarma, i když omezeně.

Oppenheimer na Paramount Plus?

Oppenheimer The Road to Water není na Paramount Plus. Paramount Plus nabízí správnou možnost předplatného: základní verze služby Paramount + Essential podporuje reklamu za 4,99 $ měsíčně a prémiový plán bez reklam za 9,99 $ měsíčně.

Kde mohu sledovat film Oppenheimer zdarma?

Cinemov je webová stránka, která nabízí zdarma více než 20 000 streamovaných filmů všech žánrů zdarma. Když se přihlásíte, najdete neomezené množství HD filmů, obrovský katalog k procházení a vyhledávací panel, který vám umožní vyhledat všechny filmy, které chcete vidět.

Zajímá vás, jak legálně sledovat bezplatný streaming filmu Oppenheimer? Pokud ano, budete rádi, že je to skutečně možné, protože v současnosti existuje v Itálii několik webových stránek, kde můžete zdarma sledovat filmy všech žánrů a dob. V některých případech se možná budete muset zaregistrovat prostřednictvím e-mailu nebo použít svůj online účet k přihlášení.

Řeknu vám podrobně, jak můžete pomocí nejpopulárnějších internetových stránek, online služeb a aplikací pro chytré telefony/tablety streamovat filmy zdarma. Cinemov je jedna z nejlepších stránek. Nabídka filmů sahá od nejnovějších filmů po klasiky z historie kinematografie, od amerických filmů po italské filmy, od hororů po komedie… zkrátka svoboda výběru, počet filmů je působivý. Samozřejmě to nenajdete, když půjdete do kina.

[bunkerblogwebradio]

J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904–1967) 

Foi um físico teórico americano. Durante o Projeto Manhattan, Oppenheimer foi diretor do Laboratório de Los Alamos e responsável pela pesquisa e projeto de uma bomba atômica. Ele é frequentemente conhecido como o “pai da bomba atômica”.

Na época em que o Projeto Manhattan foi lançado, no outono de 1942, Oppenheimer já era considerado um físico teórico excepcional e havia se envolvido profundamente na exploração da possibilidade de uma bomba atômica. Ao longo do ano anterior, ele havia feito pesquisas sobre nêutrons rápidos, calculando quanto material seria necessário para uma bomba e quão eficiente ela poderia ser.

Embora Oppenheimer tivesse pouca experiência gerencial e algumas associações anteriores problemáticas com causas comunistas, o general Leslie Groves reconheceu seu excepcional brilhantismo científico. Menos de três anos depois que Groves escolheu Oppenheimer para dirigir o desenvolvimento de armas, os Estados Unidos lançaram duas bombas atômicas sobre o Japão. Como diretor do Laboratório de Los Alamos, Oppenheimer provou ser uma escolha extraordinária.

Oppenheimer era casado com uma botânica, Kitty . Eles tiveram dois filhos, Peter e Toni .

Vida pregressa

Oppenheimer nasceu em 22 de abril de 1904. A família de Oppenheimer fazia parte da Ethical Culture Society, uma conseqüência do judaísmo reformista americano fundado e liderado na época pelo Dr. Felix Adler. A sociedade progressista enfatizou a justiça social, a responsabilidade cívica e o humanismo secular. O Dr. Adler também fundou a Ethical Culture School, onde Oppenheimer se matriculou em setembro de 1911. Suas proezas acadêmicas eram evidentes desde muito cedo e, aos 10 anos de idade, Oppenheimer estudava minerais, física e química. Sua correspondência com o New York Mineralogical Club era tão avançada que a Sociedade o convidou para dar uma palestra — sem perceber que Robert era um menino de 12 anos.

Ele se formou como orador da turma do ensino médio em 1921, mas adoeceu com um caso quase fatal de disenteria e foi forçado a adiar a matrícula em Harvard. Depois de ficar acamado por meses, seus pais providenciaram para que ele passasse o verão de 1922 no Novo México, um refúgio para quem procura saúde.

Robert ficou em um rancho a 25 milhas a nordeste de Santa Fe com o professor do ensino médio Herbert Smith como companheiro e mentor. A partir daí, ele fez passeios a cavalo de cinco ou seis dias no deserto. Essa experiência restaurou a saúde de Oppenheimer e incutiu um profundo amor pelas terras altas do deserto.

Oppenheimer matriculou-se em Harvard em setembro de 1922. Ele se formou em três anos, destacando-se em uma ampla variedade de assuntos. Embora tenha se formado em química, Oppenheimer acabou percebendo que sua verdadeira paixão era o estudo da física.

Em 1925, Oppenheimer iniciou seu trabalho de pós-graduação em física no Cavendish Laboratory em Cambridge, Inglaterra. JJ Thomson, que havia recebido o Prêmio Nobel de Física em 1906 por detectar o elétron, concordou em aceitar Oppenheimer como aluno. Em Cavendish, Oppenheimer percebeu que seu talento era para física teórica, não experimental, e aceitou o convite de Max Born, diretor do Instituto de Física Teórica da Universidade de Göttingen, para estudar com ele na Alemanha.

Oppenheimer teve a sorte de estar na Europa durante um período crucial no mundo da física, quando os físicos europeus estavam desenvolvendo a teoria inovadora da mecânica quântica. Oppenheimer recebeu seu doutorado em 1927 e aceitou cargos de professor na Universidade da Califórnia, em Berkeley, e no Instituto de Tecnologia da Califórnia. Em Berkeley, ele se tornou um bom amigo de Ernest Lawrence, um dos maiores físicos experimentais do mundo e o inventor do ciclotron. Lawrence nomeou seu segundo filho em homenagem a Robert.

Anos depois

Após a guerra, Oppenheimer tornou-se conselheiro da Comissão de Energia Atômica, fazendo lobby pelo controle internacional de armas. A partir de 1947, Oppenheimer dirigiu o Instituto de Estudos Avançados em Princeton, Nova Jersey, onde reuniu grandes cientistas. “O que não entendemos, explicamos uns aos outros.”

Sua autorização de segurança foi revogada em 1954 em uma audiência durante o Segundo Red Scare. As antigas simpatias comunistas de Oppenheimer foram trazidas à tona e sua autorização foi revogada apenas 32 horas antes de expirar. Oppenheimer fez inimigos políticos ao argumentar contra o desenvolvimento da bomba de hidrogênio, e revogar sua autorização o despojou do poder político. A comunidade científica ficou indignada com o tratamento dado a Oppenheimer e insultou Edward Teller, que testemunhou contra ele na audiência. Para obter mais informações, consulte a Audiência de segurança de Oppenheimer .

Junto com Albert Einstein, Bertrand Russell e Joseph Rotblat, ele fundou a Academia Mundial de Arte e Ciência em 1960. Ele continuou dando palestras em todo o mundo e recebeu o Prêmio Enrico Fermi em 1963. Ele morreu de câncer na garganta em 1967.

[filmy-online-oppenheimer]

Sledujte ― Oppenheimer Film Online CZ A Zdarma

Sledujte Oppenheimer Filmy Online CZ (2023) Stáhnout Celý Film Online Zdarma Titulky, Cz Dabing v HD.

Oppenheimer online cz zdarma? Zjistěte, kde můžete sledovat obsah online z nabídky 7 služeb.

Kde Sledovat Oppenheimer Filmy Online Zdarma:

► Klikněte zde pro shlédnutí filmu Oppenheimer - Online zdarma v HD

Kde sledovat Oppenheimera?

několik způsobů, jak sledovat film Oppenheimer online v USA Můžete použít streamovací službu, jako je Netflix, Hulu nebo Amazon Prime Video. Film si také můžete vypůjčit nebo zakoupit na iTunes nebo Google Play. sledujte jej na vyžádání nebo ve streamovací aplikaci dostupné na vašem televizoru nebo streamovacím zařízení, pokud máte kabel.

Co je to film Oppenheimer?

Oppenheimer je připravovaný americký životopisný thriller, který napsal, produkoval a režíroval Christopher Nolan podle životopisné knihy American Prometheus z roku 2005 od Kaie Birda a Martina J. Sherwina o Robertu Oppenheimerovi, jaderném fyzikovi, který se podílel na vývoji prvních jaderných zbraní v rámci projektu Manhattan. V primární roli se představí Cillian Murphy, spolu s Emily Bluntovou, Matt Damonem, Robert Downey Jr., Florence Pughovou, Josh Hartnettem, Casey Affleckem, Rami Malekem a Kenneth Branaghem v hlavních rolích.

Film byl oznámen v září 2021, kdy společnost Universal Pictures vyhrála výběrové řízení. Natáčení začalo koncem února 2022 a skončilo v květnu téhož roku. Film byl natáčen v kombinaci IMAX 65mm a 65mm velkoformátového filmu – včetně úseků natočených v témže formátu IMAX černobíle. Stejně jako ve svých předchozích filmech použil Nolan rozsáhlé praktické efekty a minimum CGI.

Kdy vyjde film Oppenheimer?

Hlavní role Cillian Murphy jako Robert Oppenheimer[1] Emily Bluntová jako Katherine „Kitty“ Oppenheimerová[2] Matt Damon jako Leslie Groves[3] Robert Downey Jr. jako Lewis Strauss[3] Florence Pughová jako Jean Tatlock[4] Josh Hartnett jako Ernest Lawrence[5] Casey Affleck jako Boris Pash[6] Rami Malek jako David Hill[4] Kenneth Branagh jako Niels Bohr[7] Vedlejší role Benny Safdie jako Edward Teller Dylan Arnold jako Frank Oppenheimer Gustaf Skarsgård jako Hans Bethe David Krumholtz jako Isidor Isaac Rabi Matthew Modine jako Vannevar Bush David Dastmalchian jako William L. Borden Tom Conti jako Albert Einstein Michael Angarano jako Robert Serber Jack Quaid jako Richard Feynman Josh Peck jako Kenneth Bainbridge Olivia Thirlbyová jako Lilli Hornigová Dane DeHaan jako Kenneth Nichols Danny Deferrari jako Enrico Fermi Alden Ehrenreich jako a Senate aide Jefferson Hall jako Haakon Chevalier Jason Clarke jako Roger Robb James D'Arcy jako Patrick Blackett Tony Goldwyn jako Gordon Gray Devon Bostick jako Seth Neddermeyer Alex Wolff jako Luis Walter Alvarez Scott Grimes jako Counsel Josh Zuckerman jako Giovanni Rossi Lomanitz Matthias Schweighöfer jako Werner Heisenberg Christopher Denham jako Klaus Fuchs David Rysdahl jako Donald Hornig Guy Burnet jako George Eltenton Louise Lombard jako Ruth Tolman Harrison Gilbertson jako Philip Morrison Emma Dumont jako Jackie Oppenheimer Trond Fausa Aurvåg jako George Kistiakowsky Olli Haaskivi jako Edward Condon Gary Oldman jako Harry S. Truman

Kdo je obsazením filmu Oppenheimer?

Premiéra filmu Oppenheimer se uskutečnila 11. července 2023 v pařížském Le Grand Rex a jeho uvedení do kin ve Velké Británii a Spojených státech je naplánováno na 21. července 2023, v Česku již o den dříve, 20. července.

Kompletní údaje o filmu Oppenheimer

Oppenheimer Drama / Historický / Životopisný USA / Velká Británie, 2023, 180 min Režie: Christopher Nolan Předloha: Kai Bird (kniha), Martin Sherwin (kniha) Scénář: Christopher Nolan Kamera: Hoyte van Hoytema Hudba: Ludwig Göransson Hrají: Cillian Murphy, Emily Blunt, Matt Damon, Robert Downey Jr., Florence Pugh, Josh Hartnett, Casey Affleck, Rami Malek, Kenneth Branagh

Oppenheimer na Disney Plus?

Na Disney+ nejsou žádné stopy po Oppenheimer Trail, důkaz, že House of Mouse nemá žádnou kontrolu nad celou franšízou! Disney+, domov pro tituly jako 'Star Wars', 'Marvel', 'Pixar', National GOppenheimer graphic', ESPN, STAR a další, je k dispozici za roční předplatné 79,99 $ nebo měsíční poplatek 0,99 $. Pokud jste jen fanouškem některé z těchto značek, stojí za to se přihlásit do Disney+ a nemá ani reklamy.

Oppenheimer na HBO Max?

Je nám líto, ale Oppenheimer Way není na HBO Max k dispozici. Je tu spousta obsahu HBO Max za 14,99 $ měsíčně, toto předplatné je bez reklam a umožňuje vám přístup ke každému titulu v knihovně HBO Max. Streamovací platforma oznámila verzi podporovanou reklamou, která stojí mnohem méně za 9,99 $ měsíčně.

Oppenheimer na Amazon VidOppenheimer?

Bohužel, Oppenheimer Path by Water není k dispozici ke streamování zdarma na Amazon Prime VidOppenheimer. Můžete si však vybrat i jiné pořady a filmy, které budete odtud sledovat, protože má širokou škálu pořadů a filmů, ze kterých si můžete vybrat za 14,99 $ měsíčně.

Oppenheimer na Peacockovi?

Oppenheimer Way nelze na Peacock v době psaní tohoto článku sledovat. Peacock nabízí předplatné, které stojí 4,99 $ měsíčně nebo 49,99 $ ročně u prémiového účtu. Stejně jako její jmenovec si streamovací platforma může hrát s venkovním obsahem zdarma, i když omezeně.

Oppenheimer na Paramount Plus?

Oppenheimer The Road to Water není na Paramount Plus. Paramount Plus nabízí správnou možnost předplatného: základní verze služby Paramount + Essential podporuje reklamu za 4,99 $ měsíčně a prémiový plán bez reklam za 9,99 $ měsíčně.

Kde mohu sledovat film Oppenheimer zdarma?

Cinemov je webová stránka, která nabízí zdarma více než 20 000 streamovaných filmů všech žánrů zdarma. Když se přihlásíte, najdete neomezené množství HD filmů, obrovský katalog k procházení a vyhledávací panel, který vám umožní vyhledat všechny filmy, které chcete vidět.

Zajímá vás, jak legálně sledovat bezplatný streaming filmu Oppenheimer? Pokud ano, budete rádi, že je to skutečně možné, protože v současnosti existuje v Itálii několik webových stránek, kde můžete zdarma sledovat filmy všech žánrů a dob. V některých případech se možná budete muset zaregistrovat prostřednictvím e-mailu nebo použít svůj online účet k přihlášení.

Řeknu vám podrobně, jak můžete pomocí nejpopulárnějších internetových stránek, online služeb a aplikací pro chytré telefony/tablety streamovat filmy zdarma. Cinemov je jedna z nejlepších stránek. Nabídka filmů sahá od nejnovějších filmů po klasiky z historie kinematografie, od amerických filmů po italské filmy, od hororů po komedie… zkrátka svoboda výběru, počet filmů je působivý. Samozřejmě to nenajdete, když půjdete do kina.