#Field Crop Commodities

[probablyasocialecologist]

Forests are the largest global above ground carbon sinks and managing them through forest-based agroforestry (FAF) can provide a myriad of benefits, a new study led by Yale School of the Environment scientists found. “We want to make sure that we clarify that forest-based agroforestry (FAF) can achieve similar climate benefits as tree planting in fields,” said Karam Sheban ’28 PhD, ’20 MF, who co-authored the study, which was published in Nature Climate Change. “The big takeaway is that human management of forests can result in better outcomes for forests, for people, and for the climate. It is not a zero-sum game.” Agroforestry is a management system that integrates trees with crops or pastures. Forest-based agroforestry, however, integrates crop production into existing forests. The study found that FAF can support forest health and biodiversity, enhance carbon sequestration and storage, generate economic benefits for local communities through sustainable harvesting of forest products (such as fruits, nuts, and medicinal plants), and aligns with Indigenous and traditional land stewardship practices. Despite the benefits and the large number of people practicing forest-based agroforestry, it is receiving proportionally less support and funding than tree planting agroforestry initiatives by NGOs, private companies, and nonprofit agroforestry and conservation organizations. Two common misconceptions often account for the exclusion of FAF from policy language and funding opportunities, the authors said. The first is that industrial agroforestry systems that are designed around global commodity crops (such as cacao, coffee, and palm oil) are often conflated with traditional Indigenous approaches. The second misconception is that outcomes of industrial agroforestry in tropical forests can be extrapolated to temperate and boreal forest systems. “There’s a narrative that human activity in forests causes degradation, and that we really should leave forests untouched to maximize climate benefits. But humans living in and around forests have been supporting forest health for thousands of years and continue to do so now, ” Sheban said.

2 April 2025

[novaursa]

Legacy (the long night)

- Summary: Tywin was the man who saved you from Robert's wrath. He was also the man who doomed you.

- Pairing: targ!reader/Tywin Lannister

- Rating: Mature 16+

- Previous part: winds of winter

- Next part: terrors

- Tag(s): @sachaa-ff @oxymakestheworldgoround @luniaxifics @alkadri-layal @butterflygxril

The world had fallen into a relentless shadow. For three years, the sun had not risen, its absence plunging the realm into a perpetual twilight. The snow never stopped, blanketing the land in an unyielding cold that seeped into bones and stone alike. Winter, as prophesied, had come with a vengeance. Crops failed in the frozen fields, rivers turned to ice, and the seas were treacherous with thick sheets of frost. The strongholds that endured did so by sheer will and meticulous preparation. Those who had ignored the warnings perished within the first year, their homes abandoned to the cold.

The economy of Westeros had crumbled, barter replacing coin in many regions. Gold was useless when bread was worth more than a kingdom. Merchants risked their lives traveling frost-covered roads, their wagons carrying what little food could be spared. Peasants flocked to castles, seeking refuge behind high walls, only to find those walls offered little warmth without fires to fill their hearths. The smallfolk suffered the worst, entire villages swallowed by snowdrifts, their inhabitants becoming frozen specters of a dying world.

In Casterly Rock, the Lannister stronghold, survival had become a calculated endeavor. The castle stood defiant against the winter, its towering walls warmed by the fires deep within its belly. This warmth came not from wood or coal, but from the two dragons that had taken residence beneath the Rock. Viserion, regal and massive, and the once-juvenile black and red dragon, now much larger, their combined heat radiating upward to make the castle livable. Tywin Lannister, ever the strategist, had ensured his people were prepared. Food stores were rationed with precision, and the Rock’s vast wealth had been converted into resources long before the first snows fell.

But even here, the cold was felt. The people whispered of old sicknesses returning, ancient plagues born from the ice. Every cough or fever brought fear, for healers were few, and even fewer had remedies that worked. Hope was a rare commodity, and those who had it clung to it desperately.

In the eerie stillness of the castle mines, Damon, now almost seven, wandered through the labyrinthine tunnels. His silver-gold hair was tousled, his violet eyes flecked with green wide with curiosity as he clutched a small lantern. His breath misted in the air, but the deeper he went, the warmer it became. The faint, rhythmic rumble of the dragons’ breathing resonated through the stone walls, a sound both comforting and thrilling.

“Damon!” the voice of Ser Barristan Selmy echoed faintly from somewhere far above. “Come back this instant!”

Damon grinned to himself, his young heart racing with the excitement of disobedience. He had slipped away while Ser Barristan was distracted, eager to explore the forbidden depths of the Rock. The mines, abandoned long before his birth, held an allure he couldn’t resist. Here, the world felt alive in a way it didn’t above, where the cold muted everything.

He followed the warmth, the air growing heavier with each step. The faint glow of his lantern illuminated the smooth, claw-marked walls, remnants of Viserion’s movements over the years. Damon knew he was nearing their lair.

Finally, he entered a cavernous chamber. Viserion lay curled in the center, her scales gleaming faintly even in the low light. She shifted slightly, her massive head lifting as her molten eyes flicked toward Damon. For a moment, he froze, his breath catching in his throat.

“Hello, Viserion,” he whispered, his voice barely audible. The dragon huffed softly, a plume of warm air escaping her nostrils. She did not rise but watched him with a mixture of curiosity and indifference, as though deeming his presence harmless.

But it wasn’t Viserion who captured Damon’s attention.

To the side of the chamber, where shadows clung to the edges, another figure moved. The black dragon with blood-red undertones had grown significantly over the years. Once the size of a horse, it now rivaled Viserion’s earlier size, its sinewy body coiled with latent power. Its eyes, a piercing red, glowed like embers in the dark.

The young dragon stepped forward, its claws clicking against the stone floor. Damon took a cautious step closer, his lantern trembling slightly in his hand. The black dragon sniffed the air, its head lowering to examine him more closely. A low growl rumbled from its throat, not a threat, but a warning.

“Easy,” Damon murmured, his voice steady despite the pounding of his heart. “I’m not going to hurt you.”

The dragon tilted its head, the glow of its eyes flickering as it studied him. Damon reached out slowly, his small hand trembling as he extended it toward the beast. The dragon’s nostrils flared, and for a moment, Damon thought it might snap at him.

Instead, it leaned forward, its hot breath brushing against his fingers.

Damon smiled, his awe replacing his fear. “You’re not so scary,” he said softly.

Behind him, Viserion let out a low rumble, her gaze never leaving the interaction. The black dragon pulled back suddenly, its wings unfurling slightly as it let out a piercing screech that echoed through the chamber. Damon stepped back, his lantern shaking as he realized he might have pushed his luck.

Above, faintly, he could hear the panicked shouts of guards and servants. The black dragon turned abruptly, retreating into the deeper shadows of the lair, leaving Damon standing in the warmth of the cavern with Viserion’s watchful eyes on him.

“Damon!” Ser Barristan’s voice was closer now, filled with worry and anger.

Damon sighed, knowing his adventure was over for now. But as he turned to leave, a spark of excitement lit his eyes. He had seen the black dragon up close, and it hadn’t harmed him. That was a story worth telling—if only someone would believe him.

Tywin sat at the head of heavy oak table, his presence commanding as ever, his eyes scanning the gathered lords and advisors. The air was heavy with the weight of their discussion, as it had been for moons now. The endless winter had made every decision critical, every misstep potentially fatal.

“Provisions are holding steady, my lord,” one of the bannermen reported, though his voice carried an edge of unease. “But the nearby settlements are struggling. The latest reports indicate several have run out of stored grain. We’ve begun receiving refugees at the gates.”

“Refugees that we cannot feed,” Tywin said sternly, his voice cutting through the room like a blade. “They are not our responsibility. If they come to the Rock, they will starve. We must protect our stores for those already under our protection.”

The bannerman nodded reluctantly. “Understood, my lord.”

Kevan, Tywin’s ever-loyal brother, leaned forward. “There’s another matter. The settlement near the eastern ridge—their maester has sent word of shivers spreading through their people. The disease is claiming more lives with each passing day.”

A heavy silence fell over the room. Shivers, a sickness that had not been seen in generations, had returned with the cold, its symptoms cruel and fatal.

Tywin’s expression remained unreadable, but his tone was unrelenting. “Quarantine the settlement. Allow no one in or out. Supplies will be sent to their perimeter, nothing more. If it spreads to the Rock, it will cripple us.”

The lords murmured their agreement, though some exchanged uneasy glances. The decisions required to survive this winter were growing harsher by the day.

You sat beside Tywin, your hands folded in your lap as you listened intently. Though your presence became more symbolic than authoritative, Tywin often sought your counsel privately. Now, you spoke up, your voice calm but firm.

“If the disease spreads further, it could reach the gates regardless of our precautions. We must ensure the settlements understand the severity of this quarantine. Panic will only worsen the situation.”

Tywin nodded faintly, acknowledging your point. “Send a raven to the maester there. They will comply, or they will perish.”

Before the discussion could continue, the doors to the chamber opened abruptly, and Ser Barristan Selmy entered, his cloak flowing behind him. In his grasp was Damon, his small face flushed with guilt, though his eyes remained defiant.

The lords turned to look, some with mild amusement, others with disapproval, at the boy’s untimely entrance.

“Forgive the interruption, my lord,” Ser Barristan said, his tone measured but strained. “Your son decided to explore the abandoned mines beneath the Rock. He was found near the dragons’ lair.”

Tywin’s gaze turned to Damon, his expression icy. “You went where you were explicitly forbidden?” he asked, his voice cold and cutting.

Damon shrank under his father’s stare but didn’t look away. “I just wanted to see them,” he mumbled. “I wanted to see the black one.”

At this, a murmur spread through the room. The black dragon, now significantly larger, had been a source of both awe and anxiety among the household. That Damon had ventured so close was both reckless and dangerous.

Tywin’s jaw tightened, his displeasure palpable. “You will go to your chambers and remain there until I decide what is to be done with you.”

Damon looked as though he might protest, but before he could speak, you placed a hand on Tywin’s arm and leaned in to whisper. “Let me handle this.”

Tywin’s gaze flicked to you, his expression softening just slightly. After a moment, he nodded curtly. “Very well.”

You stood and walked to Damon, your tone calm but firm. “Come with me, Damon. We’ll discuss this elsewhere.”

Damon hesitated, glancing at his father, but the stern set of Tywin’s jaw left no room for argument. The boy followed you out of the chamber, his small steps echoing in the stone corridor.

As the doors closed behind you, Tywin turned back to his council, his tone as sharp as ever. “Where were we?”

The lords hesitated briefly, then resumed their grim discussion, the tension in the room a reminder of the perilous state of the realm.

The corridors of Casterly Rock were quiet, the muffled sounds of wind outside a constant reminder of the harsh winter that gripped the land. Damon trudged ahead of you, his head hung low as he clutched the edge of his tunic nervously. Ser Barristan Selmy followed a few steps behind, his expression neutral but his eyes watchful.

As you entered Damon’s chambers, the warmth of the fire crackling in the hearth greeted you, along with the sound of Maelor’s delighted giggles. Your younger son, now almost five, was sitting on the floor, surrounded by a small assortment of wooden toys—a lion, a dragon, and a knight among them. A pair of attentive servants hovered nearby, ensuring he stayed out of trouble.

Maelor looked up at the sound of the door opening, his silver-gold curls bouncing as he grinned. “Mama!” he chirped, holding up a wooden dragon proudly. “I made him fly!”

You gave him a soft smile, though your focus quickly shifted back to Damon, who lingered by the door, clearly trying to avoid your gaze. “Thank you,” you said to the servants. “You may leave us.”

They bowed quickly and exited the room, casting curious glances at Damon as they passed. Ser Barristan stepped aside, his presence reassuring but unobtrusive.

“Damon,” you said firmly, your voice carrying the weight of your authority as his mother. “Come here.”

He shuffled forward reluctantly, his hands clasped in front of him. “I’m sorry, Mama,” he mumbled, not meeting your eyes.

“Sorry isn’t enough,” you replied, your tone sharp but controlled. “Do you understand what you’ve done? You put yourself in danger—again.”

Damon’s head shot up, his eyes wide. “I wasn’t in danger! Viserion wouldn’t hurt me, and the black one didn’t either!”

“That is not the point,” you countered, stepping closer. “You disobeyed. Those mines are not a place for you to wander, especially not alone. Do you have any idea what could have happened if the black dragon decided you were a threat?”

“But I wasn’t scared,” Damon argued, his voice rising slightly. “They’re dragons, Mama. They know I’m not going to hurt them.”

You knelt in front of him, your hands resting on his small shoulders, your expression softening just a fraction. “Damon,” you said gently, “bravery is not the same as recklessness. Just because they didn’t hurt you this time doesn’t mean they won’t if you startle them or get too close. Dragons are not like us—they are fire and instinct, and they do not think the way we do.”

He looked down again, his lip trembling slightly. “I just wanted to see the black one,” he murmured. “I wanted to talk to it.”

You sighed, your heart tugging at his innocence even as you felt the frustration of his disobedience. “You have to promise me, Damon,” you said, lifting his chin so he met your eyes. “Promise me you won’t go down there again unless your father or I say it’s safe. Do you understand?”

He hesitated, then nodded slowly. “I promise.”

“Good,” you said firmly, though you allowed your tone to soften. “Because if you break that promise, there will be consequences.”

From the corner of the room, Maelor piped up, his voice bright and curious. “Did Damon get in trouble?”

You turned to your younger son, who was now holding his wooden dragon upside down, his innocent expression making you smile despite your exasperation. “Yes, Maelor,” you said lightly. “Your brother decided to play where he wasn’t supposed to.”

Maelor gasped dramatically, his wide eyes darting to Damon. “Did the dragons eat you?”

Damon finally cracked a small smile, shaking his head. “No, they didn’t eat me.”

“Well, don’t let them,” Maelor said seriously, as though he were imparting great wisdom.

Ser Barristan, who had remained silent until now, cleared his throat. “My lady, Lord Damon has a strong spirit. But strong spirits need guidance. He’s lucky to have yours.”

You stood, brushing a hand through Damon’s silver-gold hair. “Thank you, Ser Barristan. I’ll make sure he remembers that.”

The knight inclined his head. “I’ll be just outside if you need me.”

As Ser Barristan exited, you turned back to Damon. “Now, stay here and play with your brother,” you said, pointing toward the toys Maelor was holding out. “No more adventures today.”

Damon nodded quietly and went to sit beside Maelor, who immediately started explaining the intricate story he’d created with the toys. You lingered for a moment, watching them with a mix of relief and affection. No matter the challenges, they were your sons, and you would do everything in your power to keep them safe—even from their own boldness.

The door had barely closed behind you, Ser Barristan, and Damon when Tywin spoke, reclaiming the attention of the room.

“King’s Landing,” Tywin began, his voice firm and measured. “What is the latest report?”

One of the bannermen, Lord Brax, cleared his throat. “My lord, reports indicate the capital is… strained. The commonfolk grow restless as supplies dwindle. They mutter of betrayal, of unworthy rulers, but they fear the crown too much to rise.”

Kevan interjected, his tone grim. “Cersei has always ruled through fear, not respect through her children. The city may be quiet for now, but unrest festers beneath the surface. Jaime's letters suggest he has struggled to keep her in check.”

Tywin’s jaw tightened, though his expression remained unreadable. “Jaime’s role is to enforce the king’s peace and ensure Tommen remains unchallenged. If Cersei becomes too bold, he knows what must be done.”

Kevan hesitated, his brow furrowing. “And if he does not?”

Tywin’s cold gaze flicked to his brother. “Then I will remind him of his duty.”

Maester Aldren shifted uncomfortably before speaking. “The city may endure for now, but the longer this winter lasts, the harder it will become to maintain order. The crown’s debt to the Iron Bank also remains unresolved.”

Tywin’s lip curled faintly. ��The Iron Bank will wait. They have little choice.” He leaned forward, his tone cutting. “The capital will not fall to chaos, not while my grandson sits on the throne. Focus on ensuring our supply lines to King’s Landing remain secure. If Jaime sends word of further unrest, reinforcements will be dispatched.”

“What of the North?” Tywin asked, shifting his attention to a map spread across the table. His finger tapped lightly on Winterfell, now marked with the sigil of the direwolf. “Jon Snow has returned to Winterfell with his siblings. He may no longer hold the title of King in the North, but his influence grows.”

Lord Brax hesitated before responding. “The Stark children have consolidated their power, my lord. Jon Snow, though no longer holding any titles, remains a prominent figure there. Sansa Stark manages Winterfell, alongside her siblings Arya and Bran.”

Kevan added, “There has been no new formal declaration of kingship in the North as agreed upon. The Starks seem more concerned with their own survival and the long winter.”

A flicker of irritation crossed Tywin’s face. “The absence of a king does not diminish their influence. The Stark name carries weight in the North, and their control over Winterfell makes them a rallying point. They may not declare themselves now, but should the snows ease, they will remember old grudges despite our agreement.”

Maester Aldren nodded. “The North’s allegiance to House Lannister remains tenuous at best, my lord. If they choose to rise—”

“They will not rise,” Tywin interrupted, his tone final. “Not while winter holds them in its grip. But we will watch them closely. A weakened North is easier to manage.”

The mention of Dragonstone brought a shift in the room’s atmosphere. The lords exchanged uneasy glances, and Maester Aldren unrolled a new scroll.

“Daenerys Targaryen remains isolated on Dragonstone, my lord,” the maester began. “For three years, her forces have remained stagnant. Her ships are frozen in the surrounding waters, and there has been no attempt to move south or engage with the realm.”

Kevan frowned. “What keeps her there? She has dragons, does she not?”

“Two,” Aldren confirmed, “though they have not been seen beyond Dragonstone’s shores. Reports suggest they are restless but remain grounded, likely due to the harsh conditions.”

Tywin’s eyes narrowed. “She waits for an opportunity that will not come. The longer she sits idle, the weaker her position becomes. Isolation breeds irrelevance.”

Lord Brax spoke hesitantly. “And if she grows desperate, my lord? If she decides to unleash her dragons?”

“She would not survive the attempt,” Tywin said coldly. “This winter has hardened the realm. A foreign invader with barbarian armies would find no welcome, especially one who has sat idle while the rest of Westeros suffers.”

“And what of Dorne?” one of the lords asked. “Their silence is... unnerving.”

The mention of Dorne brought a new layer of tension to the discussion. Kevan spoke next, his tone cautious. “The Martells remain ineed quiet, though they send the occasional envoy to King’s Landing to reaffirm their loyalty.”

Tywin’s gaze sharpened. “And yet, their loyalty is worth little. The Dornish never forget, and their hatred festers beneath their hollow gestures. Have we heard from Myrcella?”

Kevan hesitated before answering. “There has been no word, my lord. Her fate remains unknown.”

Tywin’s expression darkened, but he said nothing for a moment, his mind clearly working through the implications. Finally, he spoke. “The Martells are opportunists. They wait for a moment of weakness, but we will not give them one. Continue to monitor their movements. If they so much as look toward the capital, I will ensure Dorne burns.”

The room fell silent for a moment, the weight of their discussions settling over the assembled lords. The flickering firelight played across their faces, highlighting the unease that lingered beneath their stoic expressions.

Tywin’s voice broke the silence, cold and measured. “The crown remains fragile, the realm fractured. Every decision we make must strengthen our position. No alliances can be trusted, no threats underestimated. We rule, or we fall. There is no middle ground.”

The men nodded, some more reluctantly than others, as Tywin leaned back in his chair, his gaze keen and calculating.

“And what of the juvenile dragon beneath the Rock?” Kevan asked cautiously. “It grows bolder. Some of the men fear it.”

Tywin’s expression darkened, but his voice remained calm. “The dragon remains under control. It is not a matter for this council.”

Kevan nodded, though the unease in his eyes was clear.

“Dismissed,” Tywin commanded, rising from his seat. The lords filed out one by one, leaving Tywin alone with Kevan.

As the door closed, Tywin turned to his brother. “Keep me informed of any movement from King’s Landing. Jaime must remain vigilant.”

Kevan nodded. “And Daenerys?”

Tywin’s gaze was icy. “If she makes her move, she will find us ready.”

With that, Tywin strode from the room, his mind already turning to the next step in his meticulous plans.

The fire crackled softly in the hearth of the private chambers you shared with Tywin at Casterly Rock, casting shadows across the richly appointed room. The heavy drapes were drawn against the unyielding winter winds, but the warmth of the flames and the insulated walls kept the cold at bay. You sat across from Tywin at a small table near the hearth, the remnants of your evening meal pushed aside as his piercing green eyes remained fixed on the flames.

Tywin’s jaw was set, his expression unreadable save for the faint tension around his mouth. The day's events—Damon’s reckless venture into the mines—still lingered between you, the weight of his displeasure palpable in the air. You could see it in the way his fingers drummed against the armrest of his chair, in the slight narrowing of his eyes when he glanced your way.

“He is just a boy, Tywin,” you said softly, breaking the silence. “And he has Targaryen blood in his veins. Dragons call to him as they did my ancestors.”

Tywin’s gaze snapped to you, his voice cold and clipped. “Blood is no excuse for foolishness.”

You sighed, leaning back in your chair, your hands folded in your lap. “Foolishness, perhaps, but curiosity is not a crime. He wanted to see the black dragon, and you know how rare it is to witness something like this. He is drawn to them because they are a part of who he is.”

“Curiosity gets men killed,” Tywin retorted, his tone biting. “And I do not have the luxury of risking my heirs on childish whims. Damon must learn discipline, or he will suffer for his lack of it.”

You tilted your head slightly, watching him carefully. There was more to this than Damon’s actions, you realized. Tywin’s anger ran deeper, tangled in something older, something unresolved. “This isn’t just about Damon, is it?” you asked quietly.

Tywin’s eyes narrowed, his fingers pausing in their rhythm against the chair. “I will not indulge your attempts to soften this,” he said curtly. “Damon endangered himself, and that is the end of it.”

But you didn’t back down. “It’s about more than that,” you pressed. “You’re thinking about how we got here. About what could have been.”

Tywin’s gaze hardened, but he said nothing for a long moment. Then, finally, he spoke, his voice low and edged with old grievances. “If Aerys had not been a fool, this realm would look very different. If he had agreed to our marriage, as I proposed—if he had not been blinded by his own arrogance—the rebellion may turn out diffrently.”

You straightened slightly, caught off guard by the admission. Tywin rarely spoke of Aerys unless it was to condemn him outright. The bitterness in his tone now was different—intense, more personal.

“He wasted everything,” Tywin continued, his gaze fixed on the fire. “Even in death, Aerys found a way to waste my time. More than thirteen years spent rebuilding what his madness destroyed. Thirteen years lost, chasing after order while chaos consumed the realm.”

You studied him closely, the set of his jaw, the faint lines etched into his face. This wasn’t just about Aerys. It wasn’t even just about Damon. It was about the life Tywin had been denied, the choices stolen from him by a king too blind to see his worth.

“You’re angry because he kept us apart,” you said softly, the realization settling over you. “Because if things had been different, we could have had this—” you gestured to the room around you, the warmth, the family you’d built together—“years ago.”

Tywin’s lips pressed into a thin line, his silence speaking volumes. For all his calculated strength, his relentless control, there was something raw beneath the surface, something that still rankled after all this time.

You reached out, placing a hand on his arm. “We cannot change what happened. My father is dead, and the choices he made died with him. But we are here now, Tywin. Damon is here. Maelor is here. We’ve built something despite everything he tried to destroy.”

Tywin glanced at your hand, then at you, his gaze softening just slightly. “And yet, it could have been more,” he said quietly. “We could have been better prepared for what is coming.”

You leaned closer, your voice gentle but firm. “We are prepared. Because of you, we have a chance. This family, this stronghold, everything we’ve built—it’s because of your strength, Tywin.”

He exhaled slowly, his gaze returning to the fire. “Strength means nothing if it cannot be passed down. Damon must learn this. I will not allow him to squander what he is meant to inherit.”

“And he will learn,” you assured him. “But he is still a boy. Give him time.”

Tywin was silent for a moment, then nodded faintly, though his expression remained guarded. “See that he does not test my patience again.”

You smiled faintly, knowing that this was as close to a concession as Tywin would ever give. As you sat back, watching the firelight play across his features, you couldn’t help but marvel at the man before you—unyielding, brilliant, and haunted by what might have been.

For a moment, you allowed yourself to hope that the warmth of your family, the strength of what you’d built together, might one day be enough to ease the weight of his old grievances.

The cold winds of winter swept across the narrow road leading to Casterly Rock, carrying with it the faint whisper of unease. The guards stationed at the main gate stood huddled near a brazier, their cloaks pulled tight against the biting chill. They were accustomed to the darkness, the long stretches of night that swallowed the land, but tonight felt different. There was something sinister in the air, a feeling that something—or someone—was approaching.

“Do you see that?” one of the guards murmured, peering into the gloom. His companion, a burly man with a thick beard, squinted into the distance. A single figure cloaked in red emerged from the shadows, the faint glint of her garments catching the light of their torches as she drew closer on horseback.

“Who rides at this hour?” the bearded guard muttered, gripping the hilt of his sword.

The rider approached at a measured pace, her posture regal, her face hidden beneath a heavy hood. As she reached the gates, she slowed her horse to a halt, her presence commanding despite her solitary arrival. The guards exchanged uneasy glances before stepping forward, their weapons held cautiously at their sides.

“State your name and purpose,” the first guard demanded, his voice steady despite the wariness in his eyes.

The rider lifted her head, revealing the pale, unblemished face of a woman with striking red hair. Her eyes seemed to look through the men rather than at them. She smiled faintly, the expression unsettling in its serenity.

“I am Melisandre of Asshai,” she said, her voice smooth and calm, yet it carried an undercurrent of authority that made the guards stiffen. “I have come to speak with Lady Lannister.”

The guards exchanged wary glances. “Lady Lannister does not receive unannounced visitors, especially at this hour,” the bearded one replied. “If you have a message, it can wait.”

Melisandre dismounted gracefully, her movements fluid despite the heavy fabric of her cloak. She stepped forward, the hem of her garments brushing against the snow-dusted ground, her eyes never leaving the guards. “This is no ordinary visit,” she said, her tone unwavering. “What I bring is not a message but a matter of great importance.”

One of the guards shifted uncomfortably. “What sort of matter?”

Melisandre’s lips curled into a faint smile, though it did little to soften her unnerving presence. “A matter of fire and shadow. But that is for Lady Lannister to decide, not her gatekeepers.”

The guards hesitated, clearly unsure of how to proceed. Finally, the bearded one nodded to another nearby soldier. “Fetch Ser Barristan. He will decide what to do with her.”

The soldier saluted and hurried off, leaving the others to keep watch over the red priestess. Melisandre waited patiently, her hands folded before her, her calm demeanor only adding to the unease of the men around her.

“Why do you wish to see Lady Lannister?” the first guard asked, his tone suspicious.

Melisandre’s gaze flicked toward him, her expression unreadable. “Because she walks a path few can see. Her choices will shape the fate of this world, and the flames have brought me to her.”

The guard frowned. “What do you mean by that?”

Melisandre offered no answer, her attention shifting briefly to the towering form of Casterly Rock behind them. The brazier’s flames flickered as a gust of wind swept through, the firelight casting eerie shadows across her face.

The sound of footsteps drew their attention as Ser Barristan Selmy approached, his white cloak billowing slightly in the breeze. His expression was stern but calm as he took in the sight of Melisandre.

“Who are you, and why have you come here?” Barristan asked, his voice steady but laced with authority.

“I am Melisandre of Asshai,” she replied, inclining her head slightly in greeting. “I seek an audience with Lady Lannister. The matter is urgent.”

Barristan studied her for a long moment, his keen eyes narrowing slightly. “The Lady of Casterly Rock does not meet with strangers lightly, especially not in these times. State your purpose clearly.”

Melisandre’s gaze met his, unwavering. “The purpose is for Lady Lannister’s ears alone. But know this, Ser Barristan—what I bring concerns not just her family but all of Westeros.”

Barristan’s expression remained unreadable, though his posture stiffened slightly. After a moment, he nodded curtly. “You will be escorted to the castle. But tread carefully, priestess. This is not the North, and your words will be weighed carefully.”

Melisandre smiled faintly, her expression serene. “I would expect no less.”

As Barristan signaled for the guards to accompany her, Melisandre turned her gaze toward the abandoned mine entrance, the lair of the dragons beneath the Rock. She paused for a moment, her expression unreadable as she seemed to sense the presence within. The guards hesitated, unsure of whether to rush her along or let her linger.

“The flames burn strong here,” she murmured, almost to herself. “It is as the Lord of Light has shown me.”

Barristan’s voice broke through the tension. “Move along.”

With a final glance at the mine, Melisandre resumed her path, her red cloak billowing as she was escorted toward the gates of Casterly Rock. The shadows of the dragons followed her, unseen but ever-present.

[gsirvitor]

I trust you better than I trust google and Wikipedia. So, where oh where, did Silver come to be holy? it can't be Christianity, because we use Gold (and our bodies). or is it just an out cropping of Silver used a money? or am I over thinking it and Silver is holy because it is pretty?

No clue, I'd guess it comes from the fact it's a very pretty and rare metal, and the fact it kills parasites, fungi, viruses and bacteria, or as it says in myth, it is so pure it wards evil.

In fact, silver, due to its rarity, was often used to back currency more than gold, depending on the period and region.

Many medieval economies were silver backed, being later replaced by gold.

God's refining of the hearts of people is likened to the refining of silver (Psalm 66:10, Isaiah 48:10).

The words of truth that come from the Eternal are said to be like this metal refined seven times (Psalm 12:6).

While pure, and revered in Christianity, silver is also a damning metal in the Bible, those who placed a higher value on things made of silver rather than repentance were condemned.

Judas was paid thirty pieces of this precious metal for betraying Christ (Matthew 26:14 - 16, 27:9).

The prophet Zechariah prophesied that silver would ultimately be used to buy a potter's field (Zechariah 11:12 - 13).

Silver was so great in ancient times, that many rulers made plates, jewelry and entire pieces of furniture from the metal, or at least coated furniture in silver plating.

Precious metals, like gold and silver, are more corrosion resistant, had a high lustre and were rare, thus making them an ideal material for currencies, jewelry and idols.

For instance, in contrast to this, while Roma has a coin currency, they often paid their soldiers in salt, it was difficult to obtain and was used for many purposes, including food preservation, and seasoning.

This made salt an ideal currency in Rome, salt was a vital commodity to the Roman army, in fact the word "salary" comes from the Latin word for salt.

Damn my autism, I went off on a tangent.

[rainandandy]

Mercy

Pairings: Rain Carradine X Fem!Reader

Warnings: Mentions of violence

Word Count:894

The days on Jackson’s Star were long and laden with mist and moisture, the smog a perpetual shroud that dimmed the sun to a distant, faded myth. The fields where you, Rain, and her synthetic brother Andy worked were muddy and strewn with scraps ejected from Jackson's Rings, each piece a remnant of the cosmos that had somehow found its way to the surface of your dreary world.

Life here was hard, but it was life nonetheless, and you found solace in the fresh air—a rare commodity in the cramped quarters of the mining sectors. Rain was the one bright spot in the relentless drudgery, her laughter echoing over the fields, blending with the sound of raindrops hitting the broad leaves of the bio-crops. Andy, ever the source of amusement, kept spirits high with his endless supply of dad jokes, even though his stutter sometimes made the punchlines land with a delay.

One damp morning, as you pulled weeds from the soil, Rain shared stories her father had told her of distant planets, her voice wistful. "He used to talk about Elysium’s oceans that sparkled under three suns, almost like they were made of liquid diamonds," she mused, her eyes distant with dreams.

You smiled, wiping the mud from your hands onto your pants. "When we save enough hours, we’ll go there, Rain. Just you and me... and Andy," you promised, though the dream felt as distant as the stars themselves.

"And I’ll have a horse," Andy piped up, pausing his work to chime in. "And be a cowboy. No more directives, just freedom."

"And a garden," Rain added, turning to you with a soft smile. "A real one, with earth and not this fabricated sludge. Maybe a dog or two."

You nodded, your heart swelling with the shared dream. "And peace," you added. "A life where we wake up with no alarms, no officers, no quotas... just us."

This vision sustained you, a beacon through the monotony. But dreams on Jackson’s Star were fragile things, easily shattered.

The incident happened on a day like any other, under a sky that couldn't decide if it wanted to storm or relent. Andy was scavenging through the piles of scrap metal when a jagged piece lodged into his side. His systems sparked erratically, and his voice glitched as he called out, "Rain, I—I need—"

The field officer, a man named Burke who made no secret of his disdain for synthetics, saw the incident not as an accident but as an opportunity. His approach was swift and brutal. "Useless piece of junk!" he spat, kicking at Andy, who was already down.

"No!" Rain screamed, rushing to shield Andy with her own body.

Driven by a mix of fear for Andy’s well-being and fury at Burke’s cruelty, you intervened, stepping between Andy and the officer. "Stop! He's hurt, but he’s not harming anyone!"

Burke’s response was immediate and violent. His fists were heavy and his hatred palpable as he turned his aggression towards you. Rain’s pleas for him to stop were drowned out by the sound of the plummeting rain and your own grunts and screams of pain.

After what felt like an eternity, Burke stepped back, sneering. "Consider this a warning," he growled, his gaze sweeping from you to Rain and then to the malfunctioning Andy. "Don't step out of line."

By the time he’d left, you were bruised and shaken, Rain and a malfunctioning Andy helping you back to your quarters. Rain’s hands were gentle as she cleaned your wounds, her eyes stormy with unshed tears. "I'm sorry," she murmured, her touch delicate on your bruised skin.

"It’s not your fault," you managed to say, though anger simmered within you, hot and fierce.

That night, Rain didn’t leave your side, her presence a silent vow of protection and care. Despite the pain, you felt a profound sense of love for her, a bond forged and repeatedly tested in the fires of hardship.

The next morning, however, brought fresh challenges. As you limped back to the fields, hoping to avoid further trouble, the officer awaited with a grim expression. "Due to your interference, you've been reassigned," he declared, his voice devoid of sympathy. "Effective immediately, you will report to the mines."

The news hit like a physical blow. The mines were a death sentence, a place where disease and accidents claimed lives with merciless frequency. Rain's face went pale, her lips parting in a silent gasp of horror.

"No, you can’t do this!" Rain argued vehemently. "We’ll take it to the council. We’ll appeal!"

But the officer’s decision was final, backed by the cold authority of Weyland-Yutani. As you turned to face Rain, your heart sank. Going to the mines might mean never seeing her or Andy again, never realizing those simple dreams of a peaceful life together.

"I’ll find a way back to you," you promised, the words thick with emotion. "Wait for me."

Rain nodded, tears streaming down her cheeks as she pulled you into a desperate embrace. "Always," she whispered. "I’ll wait forever if I have to."

As you were escorted away, the look in Rain's eyes—a mix of fierce determination and heartbreaking sadness—was the last image you carried with you into the depths of the mines. It was a promise, a beacon of hope that no amount of darkness could completely extinguish.

[racefortheironthrone]

Hello, I’ve a part asoiaf part medieval history question. So despite the strict gender roles, we know that women (at least noble women) can enjoy some “male” activities like horse riding and some kinds of hunting (Cat says Arya can have a hunting hawk). Are there any other “male” activities women can partake too without being judged about it, or even encouraged to do so (both in Westeros and real world)?

So as medievalists and historians of gender have pointed out, ASOIAF is far more restrictive for women than actual medieval Europe. I'm actually going to leave aside the situation of noblewoman for a second, because the vast majority of women were not nobles and their experience of gender would be radically different.

What counted as "male activities" for example would vary enormously by location (rural vs. urban) and thus occupation (farmer vs. artisan). Among the peasantry, while men tended to work in the fields and concentrated on cereal-crop production and women tended to do the manifold work of maintaining the home, the reality is that the irregular nature of agricultural labor meant that in times of high demand (especially spring sowing and autumn harvest) it was a matter of survival for every single member of the household to work in the fields. So women absolutely knew how to work a plow, and swing a scythe.

As for the urban worker, while there was also a high degree of gender segregation by occupation and guilds could often be quite misogynistic when it came to trying to masculinize trades (especially those involving higher rates of capital investment), it was also true that the entire household was expected to contribute their labor, so that wives, daughters, collateral female relatives, and female servants picked up the trade alongside their male counterpart. Moreover, as biased towards men as guilds could be, they were even more committed to the principle that guild businesses were family businesses, and so in situations where a master artisan had only daughters or died childless or died with underage heirs, it was absolutely routine for guilds to admit daughters and widows as guild members, indeed usually at the rank of master, all so that the business could remain in the same family. This is why medievalists can point to so many examples of women who worked in skilled trades, often at a high level.

That's what I think GRRM's portrait of medieval society is missing: an entire world of women in business, working elbow-to-elbow with men to make a living.

As for noblewomen, part of the difficulty is that a big part of being a noble was not doing stuff - not working for a living, chiefly - and instead engaging in leisure activities as much as possible. And women were very much a part of those activities (indeed, for many of them the point was to mingle with eligible people of the opposite gender), whether that's feasting, dancing, hunting, hawking, theater and other entertainments, fireworks, tourneys and jousts, etc.

However, women were also engaged in the main "occupations" of the nobility - estate management and politics - way more than GRRM really takes note of. To begin with, as even GRRM acknowledges to some extent, the lady of the house was expected to take an active role in running the house, which meant managing servants, keeping track of accounts payable and receivable, making sure the supplies arrive on time and in the right quality and quantity, keeping an eye on maintenance and repairs (with the help of servants, natch), etc.

Given that even the manor houses of the nobility were units of economic production, the lady of the house would also be responsible for oversight of how the house was doing with its pigs, goats, chickens and pigeons and geese, bees (because beeswax and honey were really important commodities), sheep, and so on, and what kind of figures they were pulling down at the mill and the weir, and so forth.

As medievalists have known for a long time, this list of duties got even longer whenever the lord of the house was away at war or on business, when the lady would be expected to pick up all his work too - which means making sure the rents and taxes get paid, deciding which fields to distribute manpower to and when, dealing with legal disputes in the manorial court, and so on. And if the war came home, the lady of the house was expected to lead the defense of the castle and there are many, many examples of noblewomen who had to organize sieges that lasted months and even years.

However, we also have to consider the impact of inheritance by birth and the inherent randomness of sex at birth - as much as they tried to avoid it, plenty of noble houses ended up with female heirs or in the hands of widows. Most of the time in most countries, women could and did inherit (or at the very least their male children and relatives could inherit through them) titles and fiefdoms, and while their husbands would often take on overlordship de jure uxoris, unmarried women and widows very much exercised their authority as the Lady or Baroness or Countess or whatever, and history is also full of women who were extremely influential in medieval politics and backed up their influence by any means necessary.

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

Dusty Skies in California Farm Country

California’s Central Valley is a behemoth of U.S. agriculture. Its farmers grow one-third of the nation’s vegetables and three-quarters of its fruits and nuts, including 400 different commodity crops that represent tens of billions of dollars in value.

However, the amount of land in production fluctuates significantly year to year, with growers leaving some land idle, or fallow, depending on weather, market, and groundwater conditions. In the Central Valley, the amount of fallow land varies by thousands of acres per year, often based on the availability of water for irrigation. Such shifts have implications not just for farmers but for everybody living in the region, new research shows.

In Communications Earth & Environment, scientists detailed a link between fallow farmland and dust storms, showing that idled farmland was the dominant source of human-caused dust storms in California’s Central Valley region between 2008 and 2022.

Dust storms contribute to the accumulation of PM2.5 and PM10—classes of particulate air pollution that are associated with a variety of respiratory and cardiovascular health risks. The particles may also help spread pathogens, including viruses and fungal diseases. Severe dust storms can also lead to near blackout conditions that reduce visibility and make traffic accidents more likely.

“Our findings represent real-world health effects for people in the region, many of whom are farmworkers and spend large amounts of time outside,” said Adeyemi Adebiyi, an assistant professor at the University of California, Merced (UC Merced).

The researchers reported that 88 percent of major human-caused dust events were associated with fallow land. They also found significant increases in both fallow land and dust storms over the study period, which coincided with drought and new limits on how much groundwater can be drawn from ailing aquifers.

On October 11, 2021, the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) on NASA’s Terra satellite captured an image of one of the many dust storms that have affected the region. Dust streamed southeast across the Central Valley, passing through the Tulare Lake Basin, a dried lake home to increasing numbers of fallow fields in recent years. The flood-prone basin has gray clay soils and large numbers of tomato, nut, cotton, and dairy farms.

The OLI (Operational Land Imager) on Landsat 8 captured an image below showing examples of fallow fields in the basin. Fallow fields appear gray or brown compared to irrigated green fields nearb

Previous research has documented increases in dustiness in California, but the reasons for the change were not clear. Atmospheric scientists have also studied the relationship between fallow land and dust storms at individual farms or communities, Adebiyi noted. “But our study is the first we know of where a research team has looked at California as a whole and identified a connection between dust storms and fallow land,” Adebiyi said.

The research is based on data from several satellite and ground-based observation networks of dust, as well as the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Cropland Data Layer. The dust observations were primarily captured by the MODIS on NASA’s Aqua satellite.

Joshua Viers, a UC Merced agriculture water use expert who was not involved in the study, says there are options for farmers who want to limit dust emissions from fallow fields and find alternatives to crops that require large amounts of water. “There’s been a push toward ‘multi-benefit land repurposing’ as farmers look for ways to achieve sustainable groundwater use,” he said.

Some farmers are having success growing drought-tolerant crops such as agave and guayule, which are grown to produce biomaterial for industrial products and latex, he said. Others have started to incorporate agrivoltaics—the co-location of solar panels with drought-tolerant crops—into their business plans.

“Platforms like MODIS and ECOSTRESS, in particular, will allow researchers and farmers to effectively monitor reductions in crop evapotranspiration as farmers transition to drought-tolerant varieties and crops,” Viers said.

Looking forward, Adebiyi plans to use similar techniques to study other parts of the United States with abundant farmland, including the Great Plains and Central Plains, to see if fallow farmland is related to dust storms in other regions, too.

NASA Earth Observatory images by Michala Garrison, using MODIS data from NASA EOSDIS LANCE and GIBS/Worldview, and Landsat data from the U.S. Geological Survey. Story by Adam Voiland.

[armani-customs]

Hatton Garden - Wikipedia

I AM TRAPPED IN LONDON DIAMOND DISTRICT!

START SUPPLYING!

Meturnomics: Periodic Table Element Manufacturing, Covalent Bonds Fertilizer with Soil Chemistry Ex. Carbon Compounds, Covalent Bonds Fertilizer with Soil Chemistry, Chandelier Tree for Bontonical Indicator; Diamond Vowels: A (Accessories Auctions), E (Exchange Probabilistic Model), I (Sensual Insurance), O (Open-pit Mines), U (Unanimous Laser Cutters and Laser Pressure); Metal Exchange Probabilistic Model for Derivatives CFDS;

AgCurrency: Economic Table, Barter Economics, NIRP Supply-side Fixed Rate Pegged De Facto; AgIndex: Commodities Portfolio Management; Agronomics CFDS//Option Exchange (Credit Spread Options, FX-CFD Interest Rates Beta-Arbitrage w/PPP and Supply-side Economics Currency Pair)

Authentic Movement STERRC (SMUGGLING, TRAFFICKING, EMBEZZLEMENT, RHIZOMES, AND RUGGED & REFINED CULTIVATOR)

Of Undisputed Origin.

Periodic Table Metallurgy Cultivator with Artisanal Primitive Anthropology, Nationalist, Art Intellect with Athletic Ability, Riverbanks Farmland, Real Estate Investment Trust and Real Estate Brokerage Trust Account, Pool-Live Monopoly Turf Accountant Board Game Tournament, Rugby and Kickboxing, Eagle Conservation, Painting and Polyrhythm Syncopated Progressive Drum Loops with Rhythm Flag (Anacrusis; Staccato and Legato; Barcarolle; Tonic and Dominant; Triple G Positions), and (Diamond; Decapods; Mollusk; Opium; Deliriants; Tobacco; Coffee; and Arms) Black Market

Kimberley Certificate

Open-pit Mines Economic Geography

Banking System and Probabilistic Model Exchange

Intermodal Cargo Countyline Trafficking Infrastructure

De facto SLL/SDM FX Counter Trading Party for Diamond CFD; SLL 5% AND SDM -0.5% Interest Rates Contract for Difference.

CURRENCY, OIL, & GOLD COMMODITIES CANDLESTICK CHARTS

Swing Trading: Use mt4/mt5 With Heiken Ashi Charts, Setting at 14 or 21 Momentum Indicator above 0 as Divergence Oscillator and Volume Spread Analysis as Reversal Oscillator and Trade when bullish candlesticks above 200 exponential moving average and/or 20 exponential moving average (EMA) on H1 (Hourly) Time Frame; use H4 (4 Hours) and D1 (1 Day) as reference.

(Artisanal Primitive King) Pedagogy: King Anthropology; Mixing a form of Royalty Title with Anthropology. CRAFT SOCIETY Sensory Processing Anthropology Artisan Primitive: Sensory Play of the Sensory Ethnography, Sensory Modulits CNS; Artisanal Plantation Metallurgy Cash Crops Spectrum; Evolution; Savagery, Emerging Markets, Civilianization, ECONOMICS OF FINANCIAL MARKETS; Economic Science (Supply-side Economics), Economic Geography (Artisanal Plantation), Economic Mathematics (CFD Probabilistic Model Exchange), Microeconomics (Contract Theory, Purchasing Theory, Portfolio Theory, Producer Price Index, Profit Sharing Plan, Lipstick Effect, Opportunity Cost, Private Limited Partnership, Public-Private Sectors, Pyramid Marketing, Minor Purchase Group) for Sensory Geography (5 Senses City); Prenatal Hormones with Fetus Alcohol Consumption for Sensory Overload Savant;

Athletic Spirit of Rugby: Rugby union football, commonly known simply as rugby union in English-speaking countries and rugby 15/XV in non-Anglophone Europe, or often just rugby, is a close-contact team sport that originated at Rugby School in England in the first half of the 19th century. Rugby is based on running with the ball in hand. In its most common form, a game is played between two teams of 15 players each, using an oval-shaped ball on a rectangular field called a pitch. The field has H-shaped goalposts at both ends. The SVNS,[1][2] known as the for sponsorship reasons, is an annual series of international rugby sevens tournaments run by World Rugby featuring national sevens teams. Organised for the first time in the 1999–2000 season as the IRB World Sevens Series,[3] the competition was formed to promote an elite-level of international rugby sevens and develop the game into a viable commercial product. A fly-half (number 10) is usually the first player to receive the ball from the scrum-half following a breakdown, line-out or scrum. Therefore, they must be decisive with what actions to take. They must possess leadership and communicate effectively with the back line.[58] Good fly-halves are calm, clear thinking and have the vision to direct effective attacking plays.[59] Fly-halves need good passing and kicking skills. Often the fly-half is the best kicker in the team and needs to be able to execute attacking kicks such as up-and-unders, grubbers and chip kicks as well as being able to kick for territory.[58] Many fly-halves are also the team's goal kickers.

Clive Myr. Obasi

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[dreaminginthedeepsouth]

1937, World's Highest Standard of Living :: Margaret Bourke-White

* * * *

LETTERS FROM AN AMERICAN

October 28, 2024

Heather Cox Richardson

Oct 29, 2024

On Monday, October 28, 1929, New York’s Metropolitan Opera Company opened its forty-fifth season.

Four thousand attendees in their finest clothes strolled to the elegant building on foot or traveled in one of a thousand limousines to see Puccini’s Manon Lescaut, the melodramatic story of an innocent French girl seduced by wealth, whose reluctance to leave her riches for true love leads to her arrest and tragic death. Photographers captured images of the era’s social celebrities as they arrived at opening night, their flash bulbs blinding the crowd that had gathered to see the famous faces and expensive gowns.

No one toasting the beginning of the opera season that night knew they were marking the end of an era.

At ten o’clock the next morning, when the opening gong sounded in the great hall of the New York Stock Exchange, men began to unload their stocks. So fast did trading go that by the end of the day, the ticker recording transactions ran two and a half hours late. When the final tally could be read, it showed that an extraordinary 16,410,030 shares had traded hands, and the market had lost $14 billion. The market had been uneasy for weeks before the twenty-ninth, but Black Tuesday began a slide that seemingly would not end. By mid-November the industrial average was half of what it had been in September. The economic boom that had fueled the Roaring Twenties was over.

Once the bottom fell out of the stock market, the economy ground down. Manufacturing output dropped to levels lower than those of 1913. The production of pig iron fell to what it had been in the 1890s. Foreign trade dropped by $7 billion, down to just $3 billion. The price of wheat fell from $1.05 a bushel to 39 cents; corn dropped from 81 to 33 cents; cotton fell from 17 to 6 cents a pound. Prices dropped so low that selling crops meant taking a loss, so struggling farmers simply let them rot in the fields. 

By 1932, over one million people in New York City were unemployed. By 1933 the number of unemployed across the nation rose to 13 million people—one out of every four American workers. Unable to afford rent or pay mortgages, people lived in shelters made of packing boxes.

No one knew how to combat the Great Depression, but certain wealthy Americans were sure they knew what had caused it. The problem, they said, was that poor Americans refused to work hard enough and were draining the economy. They must be forced to take less. “Liquidate labor, liquidate stocks, liquidate the farmers, liquidate real estate,” Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon told President Herbert Hoover. “It will purge the rottenness out of the system. High costs of living and high living will come down. People will work harder, live a more moral life. Values will be adjusted, and enterprising people will pick up the wrecks from less competent people.” 

Slash government spending, agreed the Chicago Tribune: lay off teachers and government workers, and demand that those who remain accept lower wages. Richard Whitney, a former president of the Stock Exchange, told the Senate that the only way to restart the economy was to cut government salaries and veterans’ benefits (although he told them that his own salary—which at sixty thousand dollars was six times higher than theirs—was “very little” and couldn’t be reduced).

President Hoover knew little about finances, let alone how to fix an economic crisis of global proportions. He tried to reverse the economic slide by cutting taxes and reassuring Americans that “the fundamental business of the country, that is, production and distribution of commodities, is on a sound and prosperous basis.” 

But taxes were already so low that most folks would see only a few extra dollars a year from the cuts, and the fundamental business of the country was not, in fact, sound. When suffering Americans begged for public works programs to provide jobs, Hoover insisted that such programs were a “soak the rich” program that would “enslave” taxpayers, and called instead for private charity.

By the time Hoover’s term ended, Americans were ready to try a new approach to economic recovery. They refused to reelect Hoover and turned instead to New York Governor Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who promised to use the federal government to provide jobs and a safety net to enable Americans to weather hard times. He promised the American people a “New Deal”: a government that would work for everyone, not just for the wealthy and well connected.

As soon as Roosevelt was in office, Democrats began to pass laws protecting workers’ rights, providing government jobs, regulating business and banking, and beginning to chip away at the racial segregation of the American South. New Deal policies employed more than 8.5 million people, built more than 650,000 miles of highways, built or repaired more than 120,000 bridges, and put up more than 125,000 buildings. 

They regulated banking and the stock market and gave workers the right to bargain collectively. They established minimum wages and maximum hours for work. They provided a basic social safety net and regulated food and drug safety. And when World War II broke out, the new system enabled the United States to defend democracy successfully against fascists both at home—where they had grown strong enough to turn out almost 20,000 people to a rally at Madison Square Garden in 1939—and abroad. 

The New Deal worked so well that common men and women across the country hailed FDR as their leader, electing him an unprecedented four times. Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower built on the New Deal when voters elected him in 1952. He bolstered the nation’s infrastructure with the Federal-Aid Highway Act, which provided $25 billion to build 41,000 miles of highway across the country; added the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to the government and called for a national healthcare system.

Eisenhower nominated former Republican governor of California Earl Warren as chief justice of the Supreme Court to protect civil rights, which he would begin to do with the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision months after joining the court. Eisenhower also insisted on the vital importance of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to stop the Soviet Union from spreading communism throughout Europe.

Eisenhower called his vision “a middle way between untrammeled freedom of the individual and the demands of the welfare of the whole Nation.” 

The system worked: between 1945 and 1960 the nation’s gross national product (GNP) jumped by 250%, from $200 billion to $500 billion. The vast majority of Americans of both parties liked the new system that had helped the nation to recover from the Depression and to equip the Allies to win World War II. 

Politicians and commentators agreed that most Democrats and Republicans shared a “liberal consensus” that the government should regulate business, provide for basic social welfare, promote infrastructure, and protect civil rights. It seemed the country had finally created a government that best reflected democratic values. 

Indeed, that liberal consensus seemed so universal that the only place to find opposition was in entertainment. Popular radio comedian Fred Allen’s show included a caricature, Senator Beauregard Claghorn, a southern blowhard who pontificated, harrumphed, and took his reflexive hatred of the North to ridiculous extremes. A buffoon who represented the past, the Claghorn character was such a success that he starred in his own Hollywood film and later became the basis for the Looney Tunes cartoon rooster Foghorn Leghorn.

LETTERS FROM AN AMERICAN

HEATHER COX RICHARDSON

[spacenutspod]

3 min readPreparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater) NASA’s Earth Day Poster for 2025 uses imagery from the Landsat mission — a joint mission with USGS — to celebrate our home planet. NASA/USGS/Landsat From the iconic image of Earthrise taken by Apollo 8 crew, to the famous Pale Blue Dot image of Earth snapped by Voyager I spacecraft, to state-of-the-art observations of our planet by new satellites such as PACE (Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem), NASA has given us novel ways to see our home. This Earth Day, NASA is sharing how — by building on decades of innovation—we use the unique vantage point of space to observe and understand our dynamic planet in ways that we cannot from the ground. NASA has been observing Earth from space for more than 60 years, with cutting-edge scientific technology that can revolutionize our understanding of our home planet and provide benefits to all humanity. NASA observations include land data that helps farmers improve crop production, research on the air we breathe, and studies of atmospheric layers high above us that protect every living thing on the planet. “NASA Science delivers every second of every day for the benefit all, and it begins with how we observe our home planet from the unique vantage point of space,” said Nicky Fox, associate administrator, Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “Our satellites, Mars rovers, astronauts and other NASA Science missions send back beautiful images of our planet, from the smallest of plankton to the pale blue dot, to help give us a comprehensive, detailed view of our home that we especially celebrate each Earth Day.” NASA data and tools are vital to federal, state, local, and international governments to monitor and manage land, air, and water resources. From mapping the ocean floor to finding critical mineral deposits to alerting land managers when fire risk is high, NASA’s data and information informs nearly every aspect of our economy and our lives. “Another way NASA celebrates Earth Day is by sharing information about how our science benefits the entire nation, such as by providing U.S. farmers and ranchers with ongoing measurements of water, crop health, wildfire predictions, and knowledge of what is being grown around the world,” said Karen St. Germain, director of NASA’s Earth Science Division at the agency’s headquarters in Washington. “This data informs field level farming and ranching decisions with impact felt as far as the commodity-trading floor and our grocery stores.” Next up for NASA’s work to help mitigate natural disasters is a mission called NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) which is a partnership between NASA and ISRO (India Space Research Organization). NISAR, which is targeted to launch later this year, will measure land changes from earthquakes, landslides, and volcanos, producing more NASA science data to aid in disaster response. The mission’s radar will detect movements of the planet’s surface as small as 0.4 inches over areas about the size of half a tennis court. By tracking subtle changes in Earth’s surface, it will spot warning signs of imminent volcanic eruptions, help to monitor groundwater supplies, track the melt rate of ice sheets tied to sea level rise, and observe shifts in the distribution of vegetation around the world.  From our oceans to our skies, to our ice caps, to our mountains, and to our rivers and streams, NASA’s Earth observations enhance our understanding of the world around us and celebrate the incredible planet we call home. To download NASA’s 2025 Earth Day poster, visit: https://nasa.gov/earthdayposters Share Details Last Updated Apr 21, 2025 Related TermsEarth DayEarthGeneralLandsatNISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar)PACE (Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem) Explore More 3 min read NASA’s Curiosity Rover May Have Solved Mars’ Missing Carbonate Mystery Article 4 days ago 3 min read Testing in the Clouds: NASA Flies to Improve Satellite Data Article 5 days ago 7 min read NASA’s SpaceX 32nd Commercial Resupply Mission Overview NASA and SpaceX are targeting no earlier than 4:15 a.m. EDT on Monday, April 21,… Article 5 days ago Keep Exploring Discover Related Topics Earth Science at Work NASA Earth Science helps Americans respond to challenges and societal needs — such as wildland fires, hurricanes, and water supplies… NASA Science, Cargo Launch on 32nd SpaceX Resupply Station Mission Science in the News Featured News Stories Earth Science to Action Within a decade, NASA will advance and integrate Earth science knowledge to empower humanity to create a more resilient world. 

[bleachbleachbleach]

longer letter later but

I know Random Rukongai Village 697 doled out that whole feast for Oomaeda, complete with snake wine, but I was thinking about food in Rukongai, a place where most people do not need to eat to survive.

Because the Seireitei itself seems fairly urban, and we see at least some fields in Rukongai (the Inn Episode--and yes, I realize that my two citations so far are one-off fillers but listen, listen, 45% of the time I'm thinking about Bleach I'm probably thinking about filler), I've always assumed that most food production happens in Rukongai, and that it is carried out by non-shinigami. Whether there's some insinuation that supplying food to the Seireitei gets you better protection or not, idk. The economics of this is not the point of this post, so let's leave that for now.

Food is not a survival commodity--or is such only at a remove--but it's still part of Rukongai. It serves some cultural function. Maybe it's a source of pleasure. Maybe it's a way of enacting memory. Maybe it has ceremonial functions--both sacred and/or relational (in the sense of communing either with other spirits/forces in the world or in the sense of serving as gifts that can bind konpaku together communally).

But I feel like that makes it fairly likely that food is fairly... boutique? Like, it doesn't exist there to provide caloric/reishi density; there's a certain ornamentality to it. So like, the point of this post and the thought I am currently enraptured by is: If you are someone who does eat food for sustenance, I feel like if you were planning to spend any length of time in Rukongai you'd probably want to pack a lunch! And also resolve to be a little bit hungry the whole time, because the food available is there to be appreciated and savored but is not necessarily there to satiate. (When it's there at all!)

Even if Rukongai is the place where the crops are grown, I don't think they'd stay there or exist accessibly as like, the thing you'd be served. I mean, sure, maybe if you're close to the Seireitei or other places where a critical mass of shinigami is passing through enough to make it worthwhile to have such things.

As a human person, I know that I am always thinking about whether there will be enough food in a place I am going, and/or whether the timing of that food will mesh with when I would hope to be fed. And I feel like there's a difference between a meal and subsisting off of like, pretty boxes of omiyage. Or food at functions where the "light refreshments" are primarily intended as social lubricants and not as food for people who are hungry. Or like, as a child, going to Daddy's house was very appealing to me and my siblings because meals were served, whereas going to Mommy's house meant eating a sleeve of Saltines for lunch. I feel like Rukongai--again, when food is a thing that can be come by, without having to go hunt and gather it yourself--definitely averages out at *butterfly meme* Is this [Saltines amanattou] a nutritious and balanced meal? 😂

--

I was just thinking about shinigami packing lunches, but having now written this post I feel like that could be an interesting way that the Gotei and noble families enter into relationships with each other, too. Kuukaku has food to serve to Ichigo and co. when they visit. It'd be interesting if Gotei patrols, in addition to camp cooking (Team Muguruma in TBTP), or patronizing random Rukongai ryokan (Inn Episode), have arrangements with nobles who live or have residences outside the Seireitei, like the Shiba, where they can get food from them, in exchange for money, or information, or instead of supplying progeny to the Gotei, or in exchange for the Gotei completing Random Tasks for them (which, if filler is anything to go by, nobles have a surfeit of). (My working assumption is that if you're not a konpaku who came into Soul Society by dying, you do need to eat--whether you're actively employed as a shinigami or not, and whether or not the level of spiritual power you have would make you a good candidate for that job.)

[fatehbaz]

[T]he advent of British imperialism in Myanmar. Elephants in their thousands were conscripted into the timber industry. [...] [An] episode in the history of the ecological impact of imperialism [...]. Accumulation in colonial Myanmar took several different forms, but there were two that had the greatest impact on the country's elephant populations. One was the extractive teak industry [...]. The other was the rice industry [...].

---

During the late nineteenth century and into the early twentieth century, Myanmar became one of the world's biggest exporters of hardwoods. Teak was particularly desirable for its use in the production of ships, railway sleepers and luxury furniture. The rapid development of the timber industry was a vital motor in the expansion of capitalist and colonial relations in this often neglected corner of the Raj. Teak traders financed from Britain were vocal in lobbying Westminster and the Government of India to colonise the landlocked rump of territory [...]. Following the eventual annexation of upper Myanmar in 1885, they continued to inveigle the local government into interceding on their behalf in the borderlands with Siam [...]. Extractive logging operations [...] came into conflict with the shifting subsistence farming of some indigenous Karen communities. [...] Vital to the industry were elephants. [...] [T]he British regime asserted that elephants were the property of the state. [...] Moreover, elephants in the colony were not readily amenable to being controlled; officials were alarmed by herds of hundreds of elephants periodically wreaking destruction on freshly cleared agricultural lands, particularly as rice cultivation accelerated in the 1880s.

---

The booming rice industry developed alongside the growth of the teak industry and had direct effects on elephant populations.

Like teak extraction, rice cultivation in Myanmar was of transnational importance. The rich alluvial soil provided fertile ground for the Ayeyarwady delta to undergo a dramatic transformation to become the largest rice-producing region in the world, having a ripple effect across the global cereal market.

The white rice exported from Myanmar fed colonised labouring peoples (and some non-human animals) engaged in commodity production across the Empire, most notably in neighbouring Bengal. The delta was crucial to an interdependent network of food security established through and underpinning British imperialism.

The changes on the delta itself were profound, both socially and ecologically. [...] [F]rom the 1850s what was still predominantly a mangrove-forested backwater at the margins of political power became a febrile hive of activity. Sparsely populated, isolated hamlets, hemmed in by the thick jungles and thickets of dense grass in the tidal delta, became enmeshed in an extensive tapestry of paddy fields, their populations growing fivefold to become thriving commercial hubs, connected by a busy riverine transport network to the bustling imperial port cities of Akyab (now Sittwe), Mawlamyine and Yangon. [...] 

Thick forest needed to be felled, the undergrowth burnt, and the remaining dense network of roots dug out [...]. This work was underpinned by heavy borrowing, mostly from local Burmese and overseas Indian sources, and misfortune could lead to them defaulting on their loan and losing their land to their creditor. [...]

The ecological transformation was rapid, and from an elephant's perspective at least, profound. Focusing in on one of the fastest-growing deltaic areas between 1880 and 1920, around the townships of Thôngwa and Myaungmya, the impact is pronounced. Correspondence in 1886 identified 230 elephants living in the local forests. They would frequently raid freshly cultivated paddy fields, destroying crops [...]. However, just thirty years later, the local settlement report recorded that there were no longer any elephants left in the area. [...] [T]he rapid deforestation of the area to make way for paddy is likely to have been what displaced the local elephant populations. [...]

---

[T]he government explored the prospect of organising official kheddahs [...] to solve two problems at once: to eliminate the problem of these rapacious elephants’ raids while meeting growing demands for elephant labour. [...]

At the same time, elephants became more important, indeed indispensable, for commercial teak extraction. In the analysis of former employees turned historians of the Bombay Burmah Trading Corporation, the largest teak firm operating in Myanmar, the acquisition of large herds of working elephants was pivotal in enabling imperial companies to dominate logging. [...]

The kheddah is a large stockade into which elephants are corralled after being chased down by humans [...]. [T]he Government of India was moved to sanction the establishment of kheddah operations in the colony in 1902, although the move was quickly exposed as an expensive, ill-fated folly. The scheme resulted in an appalling mortality rate, with roughly half the over 500 elephants captured in its first four years of operation dying of disease, neglect and trauma-induced breakdowns. To make matters worse, the superintendent, Ian Hew Warrender Dalrymple-Clark, was exposed in a dramatic court case as having adopted an alter ego, Mr Green, for the purposes of faking the deaths of elephants through forged paperwork, and selling them directly to timber firms, leaving the state out of pocket. The British regime, never entirely successful in realising its claim to Myanmar's elephants, left the capture of elephants mostly to colonised peoples through a licensing scheme.

These arrangements enabled the large timber firms, such as the Bombay Burmah Trading Corporation, to establish considerable herds of captive elephants [...]. By 1914 the Corporation had amassed a herd of 1,753 elephants. [...] Estimates for the overall number of timber elephants employed by the 1940s vary, but a figure of around 7,000, or 10,000 including calves, would seem plausible. [...]  

---

Elephants in Myanmar were caught between two modes of accumulation. The timber industry demanded their labour [...]. Meanwhile, the expansion of the rice industry was enabled [...] by cultivating more and more land. The resulting deforestation meant significant habitat loss and fragmentation for elephant populations. [...] Nevertheless, the history of elephants contains multitudes. Creatures, such as dung beetles and frogs, who rarely make it into archival collections in their own right, were intertwined and implicated in the lives of Myanmar's forest-dwelling giants. The transformations in elephant demographics and behaviour wrought by their mobilisation for teak production, the destruction of much of their habitats, [...] cascaded.

---

All text above by: Jonathan Saha. “Accumulations and Cascades: Burmese Elephants and the Ecological Impact of British Imperialism.” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 32, pp. 177-197. 2022. [Bold emphasis and some paragraph breaks added by me.]

[rjzimmerman]

Excerpt from this story from the New York Times:

Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack has a line about the state of small-scale agriculture in America these days.

It’s drawn from the National Agricultural Statistics Service, which shows that as the average size of farms has risen, the nation had lost 544,000 of them since 1981.

“That’s every farm today that exists in North Dakota and South Dakota, added to those in Wisconsin and Minnesota, added to those in Nebraska and Colorado, added to those in Oklahoma and Missouri,” Mr. Vilsack told a conference in Washington this spring. “Are we as a country OK with it?”

Even though the United States continues to produce more food on fewer acres, Mr. Vilsack worries that the loss of small farmers has weakened rural economies, and he wants to stop the bleeding. Unlike his last turn in the same job, under former President Barack Obama, this time his department is able to spend billions of dollars in subsidies and incentives passed under three major laws since 2021 — including the biggest investment in conservation programs in U.S. history.

The plan in a nutshell: Multiply and improve revenue streams to bolster farm balance sheets. Rather than just selling crops and livestock, farms of the future could also sell carbon credits, waste products and renewable energy.

“Instead of the farm getting one check, they potentially could get four checks,” Mr. Vilsack said in an interview. He is also helping schools, hospitals and other institutions to buy food grown locally, and investors to build meatpacking plants and other processing facilities to free farmers from powerful middlemen.

But it’s far from clear whether new policies and a cash infusion will be enough to counteract the forces that have pushed farmers off the land for decades — especially since much of the money is aimed at reducing carbon emissions, and so will also go toward large farming operations because they are the biggest polluters.

The number of farms has been declining since the 1930s, in large part because of migration from rural areas to cities and greater mechanization of agriculture, which allowed operators to cultivate larger tracts with fewer people. Over time, the federal government abandoned a policy of managing production to support prices, prompting growers to become more export-oriented while local distribution networks atrophied.

The last half-decade has been more disruptive than most. First came a trade war against China under former President Donald J. Trump, which drew retaliatory tariffs that cut into U.S. exports of farm products like soybeans and pork. Then came the pandemic, which scrambled supply chains and sapped farm labor, leaving crops to rot in the fields.

After Congress cushioned the blow with relief for farmers hurt by pandemic disruptions, things started to turn around. Even as the cost of supplies like fertilizer and seed rose, so did food prices, and farm incomes increased. In 2023, default rates on farm loans neared record lows.

“Farm balance sheets are the healthiest they’ve ever been in the aggregate,” said Brad Nordholm, the chief executive of Farmer Mac, a large secondary market for agricultural credit. “The tools available to American farmers to have a more predictable return, even when commodity prices change and input prices change, is greater than it’s ever been before.”

But wholesale crop prices are expected to decline over the coming year. Rising interest rates have made it more difficult to finance planting and harvesting, borrow for an expansion or just get into agriculture — especially since land values jumped 29 percent from 2020 to 2023.

That’s especially true for the smallest farmers, who are far less likely to be tapped into Department of Agriculture assistance programs and are more vulnerable to adverse weather, labor shortages and consumer whims.

“I think in some ways they’re in a worse position than before the pandemic,” said Benneth Phelps, executive director of the nonprofit Carrot Project, which advises small farmers in New England. “We see a lot of farmers making hard decisions right now about whether to stay in or get out, because they’ve run out of steam.”

That’s where the American Rescue Plan, the Inflation Reduction Act and the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law come in.

The laws have collectively provided about $60 billion to the Agriculture Department, which has parceled it out across a variety of priorities, from relieving farmers’ debt to paying them to reduce their carbon emissions.

The biggest chunk — about $19.5 billion — has breathed new life into subsidies to encourage conservation practices that improve the land, like cutting back on plowing and planting cover crops to sequester carbon in the soil. Some of the programs had shrunk in successive Farm Bills, which are five-year legislative packages that covers most agricultural subsidies, and about two-thirds of farmers who applied each year got nothing.

The new funding has added 16,000 recipients over the past two years. Preliminary data shows the expansion is allowing smaller farms to take part.

[stevishabitat]

Soil: The Secret Weapon in the Fight Against Climate Change - EcoWatch

www.ecowatch.com

Soil: The Secret Weapon in the Fight Against Climate Change

EcoWatch

7 - 8 minutes

By Claire O’Connor

Agriculture is on the front lines of climate change. Whether it’s the a seven-year drought drying up fields in California, the devastating Midwest flooding in 2019, or hurricane after hurricane hitting the Eastern Shore, agriculture and rural communities are already feeling the effects of a changing climate. Scientists expect climate change to make these extreme weather events both more frequent and more intense in coming years.

Agriculture is also an important — in fact a necessary — partner in fighting climate change. The science is clear: We cannot stay beneath the most dangerous climate thresholds without sequestering a significant amount of carbon in our soils.

Agricultural soils have the potential to sequester, relatively inexpensively, 250 million metric tons of carbon dioxide-equivalent greenhouse gasses annually — equivalent to the annual emissions of 64 coal fired power plants, according to National Academy of Sciences.

But we can’t get there without engaging farmers, turning a source of emissions into a carbon sink. Here are just a few of the ways the Natural Resources Defense Council works to encourage climate-friendly farming:

Creating New Incentives for Cover Crops: Cover crops are planted in between growing seasons with the specific purpose of building soil health. Despite their multiple agronomic and environmental benefits, adoption is low — only about 7% of U.S. farmland uses cover crops. NRDC is working to scale up cover cropping through innovative incentives delivered through the largest federal farm subsidy: crop insurance. We’ve worked with partners in Iowa and Illinois to launch programs that give farmers who use cover crops /acre off of their crop insurance bill. And partners in Minnesota and Wisconsin are exploring similar options. While we’re delighted at the benefit this program has for farmers in those individual states, we’re even more excited about the potential to scale this program to the 350 million acres that utilize subsidized crop insurance nationwide. A recent study suggests that cover crops sequester an average of .79 tons of carbon per acre annually, making cover crops one of the pillars of climate-friendly farming systems.

Supporting Carbon as a New “Agricultural Product”: Championed by Senator Ron Wyden, the 2018 Farm Bill created a new program, the Soil Health Demonstration Trial, that encourages farmers to adopt practices that improve their soil health, and tracks and measures the outcomes. NRDC worked alongside our partners at E2 and a number of commodity groups, farmer organizations, and agribusinesses to secure passage of this provision. The Demonstration Trial will create a new, reliable income stream — farmers will get paid for the carbon they sequester regardless of how their crops turn out, and it builds the data needed for confidence in any future carbon markets. USDA recently announced the first round of awards under this new program, totaling over million in investments to improve soil health. Senator Cory Booker has since drafted legislation that would increase funding for the program nearly 10-fold to 0 million annually; Representative Deb Haaland released a companion bill in the House.

Scaling up Regenerative Agriculture: Regenerative agriculture is an approach to farming that looks to work with nature to rebuild the overall health of the system. Regenerative farmers use a variety of tactics, including reduced chemical inputs, diverse crop and livestock rotations, incorporating compost into their systems, and agroforestry, among others. Our team is in the midst of interviewing regenerative farmers and ranchers to learn more about what’s working for them and what challenges they’ve faced in their shift to a regenerative approach. We’re planning to analyze our interview results and combine them with a literature review to identify what role NRDC could potentially play in helping to scale up regenerative farming and ranching systems. We’ll also be sharing quotes and photos from our interviews on social media every Friday starting in January, so stay tuned for some inspiring farm footage!

Supporting Organic Farmers: Organic agriculture by design reduces greenhouse gas emissions, sequesters carbon in the soil, does not rely on energy-intensive chemical inputs, and builds resiliency within our food system. Practices integrated into organic production will become increasingly more important in the face of a changing climate. NRDC supports organic farmers through policy initiatives like the Organic Farm-to-School program that was introduced in the California legislature last year. In the coming year, we’ll continue to work to support organic farmers in California.

Reducing Food Waste: Food waste generates nearly 3% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S., and NRDC is working hard to reduce that number, and improve soil health in the process. Some of our policy proposals include securing passage of date labelling legislation to eliminate confusion about whether food is still good to eat, working with cities to reduce waste and increase rescue of surplus food, and supporting efforts at all levels to increase composting of food scraps. Adding compost to soils improves their ability to sequester carbon, store nutrients, and retain water. Composting food scraps also helps to “close the loop” on organic matter and nutrients by returning them to the agricultural production cycle, rather than sending that organic material to landfills, where it generates methane (a powerful climate pollutant).

Climate-friendly farming also offers a host of important co-benefits. For example, when farmers use complex crop rotations to break weed, pest, and disease cycles, they can reduce the amount of synthetic chemicals they need to use. When they use practices like cover crops, no-till, and adding compost to protect and restore the soil, they reduce the need for synthetic fertilizers that emit greenhouse gasses. And when farmers can reinvest the oppressive amount of money they had been previously spending on expensive, synthetic inputs into the additional labor required to carbon farm, they bring new jobs to economically-depressed rural areas.

Farmers understand better than many of us the harsh realities of climate change, regardless of their opinions about what’s causing those changes. And tight margins and trade wars make the potential of new value streams particularly attractive for farmers right now. By working alongside the farmers and farmworkers who tend the land, we can bring new allies into the fight against climate change, restore the health of our soil, and create a healthy, equitable, and resilient food system.

[lethimfertilise]

Fueling the Fields: Unraveling the Correlation Between Oil and Fertiliser Prices

The correlation between world fertiliser prices and oil prices is an intriguing aspect of global commodity markets, largely due to the interconnectedness of energy markets and agricultural inputs. Fertilisers, especially nitrogen-based ones, are directly tied to natural gas and oil prices because the production of ammonia—a key ingredient in nitrogen fertilisers—requires significant amounts of natural gas or oil as a feedstock. Therefore, fluctuations in oil prices can have a substantial impact on fertiliser production costs and, subsequently, on fertiliser prices.

Key Points of Correlation:

1. Direct Cost Linkage: The most immediate correlation stems from the direct impact of energy prices on the cost of producing fertilisers. As oil prices rise, the cost of natural gas often follows, leading to higher manufacturing costs for ammonia and, consequently, nitrogen fertilisers. This correlation means that when oil prices increase, fertiliser prices are likely to follow, assuming other factors remain constant.

2. Transportation Costs: Oil prices also affect the cost of transporting fertilisers from manufacturers to end-users. Higher oil prices lead to increased fuel costs for shipping fertilisers, which can contribute to higher overall prices for the end-user.

3. Agricultural Demand: Higher oil prices can lead to increased costs for agricultural production due to higher fuel costs for farm machinery and transportation. This can reduce the demand for fertilisers if farmers attempt to cut costs, potentially leading to a complex interaction between oil prices and fertiliser demand.

4. Biofuel Production: High oil prices can make biofuels more economically viable, increasing the demand for biofuel crops. This, in turn, can increase the demand for fertilisers used to boost yields of crops like corn, which is widely used in ethanol production. The increased demand for fertilisers to support biofuel production can push fertiliser prices higher.

Observations from Historical Data:

Historical data often shows a positive correlation between oil and fertiliser prices, particularly during periods of significant oil price volatility. For instance, the spike in oil prices in 2008 and subsequent rise in fertiliser prices is a clear example. However, this correlation is not always perfect due to the influence of other factors such as supply disruptions, geopolitical tensions, and variations in agricultural demand independent of oil prices.

While there is a notable correlation between oil prices and fertiliser prices, it's important to acknowledge that this relationship can be influenced by a myriad of other factors. The global nature of both oil and fertiliser markets means that geopolitical events, policy changes, and technological advancements in production processes can all impact this correlation. Moreover, the increasing focus on renewable energy sources and sustainability could alter the dynamics of this correlation over time. Therefore, while oil prices are a significant factor in determining fertiliser prices, they are not the only factor at play.

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

Meandering Through Baton Rouge

An astronaut aboard the International Space Station captured this photograph of the Mississippi River while orbiting over Louisiana. The storied Mississippi meanders north to south through the center of the image, carving through the southeastern Louisiana landscape. The river separates the urban areas of Baton Rouge to the east from the elongated agricultural fields to the west. Small islands within the river have been sculpted by the flowing waters.

The muted tan and white tones of the city’s streets and railroads highlight the layout of Baton Rouge, the capital of Louisiana. Blocks of neighborhoods lie near the major roadways, such as Interstate 10 that crosses the river. The Mississippi River transports and deposits nutrients, leading to nutrient-rich soils that support agriculture, as indicated by numerous fields on the western side of the bank. The main crop in this region is sugarcane, which is grown mostly in the state’s southern parishes.

The Gulf Intracoastal Waterway cuts through the western reaches (top-left) of the photograph. This waterway connects bayous and lakes in southern Louisiana that would otherwise be isolated, allowing for navigation and environmental connectivity. The Port Allen Lock provides a shortcut for barge traffic from ports located south-southwest of the Mississippi River.

Along the river, barges appear as small, elongated objects due to their wakes. The Mississippi River is one of the world’s most important waterways, connecting Minnesota to the Gulf Coast. Over 500 million tons of commodities travel along the Mississippi River each year, including soybeans, corn, and petroleum.

Astronaut photograph ISS072-E-33734 was acquired on October 6, 2024, with a Nikon Z9 digital camera using a focal length of 400 millimeters. It is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations Facility and the Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit at NASA Johnson Space Center. The image was taken by a member of the Expedition 72 crew. The image has been cropped and enhanced to improve contrast, and lens artifacts have been removed. The International Space Station Program supports the laboratory as part of the ISS National Lab to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. Caption by Chloe Locke, Amentum JETS II Contract at NASA-JSC.

[armani-customs]

How This Central African City Became the World’s Most Expensive

S & M GOALS TEAMPLATE

Stretch Goals: Central African Republic Ranks Top 8 in FIFA World Rankings for Men's and Top 5 for Futsal

Micro Goals: All Time Laureus World Sports Awards Winner for Africans, Laureus Team Award, All Time African Footballer of the Year, AFCON Host Nation Champion*, African Transfer Record*,  Insead and WSJ Conferences*, Jeune Afrique Cover*, Verified LinkedIn Member*, and Agriculture Startup Reality TV

CAPÔI HABITANT CURRENCY MODEL

Pigou Effect, Corporate Tax Havens, Capital Gains Tax Havens, Private-Public Sectors, Joint Venture Plantations, Market Extension Mergers, with Business Incubators, and Enterprise Foundation, Holding Company, Subsidiaries, and Horizontal Integration for Monopoly.

A currency union (also known as monetary union) is an intergovernmental agreement that involves two or more states sharing the same currency. These states may not necessarily have any further integration (such as an economic and monetary union, which would have, in addition, a customs union and a single market). [Pigou Effect Currency (Short FX), Currency Board Currency (Retirement Fixed Exchange Rate), Market Currency (FX Long Currency)]

Gross national product (GNP) GNP is related to another important economic measure called gross domestic product (GDP), which takes into account all output produced within a country's borders regardless of who owns the means of production. GNP starts with GDP, adds residents' investment income from overseas investments, and subtracts foreign residents' investment income earned within a country. Whilst GDP measures the total value of goods and services produced within a country's borders, GNP focuses on the income generated by its residents, regardless of their location.

Gross National Income (GNI) is the total amount of money earned by a nation's people and businesses. It is used to measure and track a nation's wealth from year to year. The number includes the nation's gross domestic product (GDP) plus the income it receives from overseas sources.

Agriculture Central Hedge Fund, Mining Unions: Peninsula Agronomique Engineering, Commodities Options Exchange (Credit Spread Options, Farm REITs, Crop Production; Fertelizers and Seeds; Equipment; Distribution and Processing Stocks, Ag ETFs and ETNs, Ag Mutual Funds), Tableau Économiques, Investments Farms REITs, Art Financing Mardi Gras

Index Franc: Tobacco-Tobacco Soil Index/Franc Tabac Currency Pair (TBS/TAF)

The overlapping generations (OLG) model; consumption-based capital asset pricing model (CCAPM); Endogenous growth theory; Material balance planning; Leontief paradox; Malinvestment; Helicopter money; Modern monetary theory

Mercantilism Spectrum of CDF/CFA

CDF Raw Materials and CFA Products. (Prices); CDF Holding Company and CFA Conglomerate Company. (Equity and Dividend Yield); CDF is Gold Standard and CFA is Helicopter Money. (FX Rate/Hedging); CDF Helicopter Money [Supplier Currency] and CFA as Purchasing Power [Consumer Currency] (Currency Union & Currency Board and Negative Interest Rates); CDF is Congolese Franc and CFA is Central African Franc

DOS SANTOS FREE-ROLE

Supporting Striker (Inverted Winger)

Central Winger (False 10)

Overlapping Run/Defensive Winger (Half-winger)

An inverted winger is a modern tactical development of the traditional winger position. Most wingers are assigned to either side of the field based on their footedness, with right-footed players on the right and left-footed players on the left.[65] This assumes that assigning a player to their natural side ensures a more powerful cross as well as greater ball protection along the touch-lines. However, when the position is inverted and a winger instead plays inside-out on the opposite flank (i.e., a right-footed player as a left inverted winger), they effectively become supporting strikers and primarily assume a role in the attack.[66]

The "false 10" or "central winger"[55] is a type of midfielder, which differs from the trequartista. Much like the "false 9", their specificity lies in the fact that, although they seemingly play as an attacking midfielder on paper, unlike a traditional playmaker who stays behind the striker in the centre of the pitch, the false 10's goal is to move out of position and drift wide when in possession of the ball to help both the wingers and fullbacks to overload the flanks. This means two problems for the opposing midfielders: either they let the false 10 drift wide, and their presence, along with both the winger and the fullback, creates a three-on-two player advantage out wide; or they follow the false 10, but leave space in the centre of the pitch for wingers or onrushing midfielders to exploit. False 10s are usually traditional wingers who are told to play in the centre of the pitch, and their natural way of playing makes them drift wide and look to provide deliveries into the box for teammates.

In Italian football, the term mezzala (literally "half-winger" in Italian) is used to describe the position of the one or two central midfielders who play on either side of a holding midfielder and/or playmaker. The term was initially applied to the role of an inside forward in the WM and Metodo formations in Italian, but later described a specific type of central midfielder. The mezzala is often a quick and hard-working attack-minded midfielder, with good skills and noted offensive capabilities, as well as a tendency to make overlapping attacking runs, but also a player who participates in the defensive aspect of the game, and who can give width to a team by drifting out wide; as such, the term can be applied to several different roles.

On occasion, the false-10 can also function in a different manner alongside a false-9, usually in a 4–6–0 formation. Midfield collective of False 9, False 10, Box to Box, Holding, Half Winger, Attacking, Defensive. We are not stretching the defensive line itsself, but the space between the defensive line and the goalkeeper.

Thiago Motta’s ‘Super Offensive’ 2-7-2 Formation Explained: Instead of the traditional way of looking at a tactical set-up horizontally, the Brazil-born manager instead split the field into three vertical lanes. This means he effectively has seven players in the central channel with two players out wide on each flank.

Adjust Free Role System to The Scoreboard.

The Central African Games was an international multi-sport event for countries within Central Africa. (Boxing, Athletics, Tennis, Football, Rallycross, Olympic Weightlifting, Volleyball, Trap Shooting, Basketball)

The Central African Football Federations' Union, officially abbreviated as UNIFFAC[a], is a sports governing body representing the football associations of Central Africa.

RUSSE NOIR FOOTBALL

VEDETTE: 3-4-1-2 has 4 Pivot Formations so 5 Total: Transition to a 4-4-2 Diamond, Transition to a 4-4-2, Transition to a 4-2-3-1, Transition to a 3-3-1-3

Positional Game is Diamonds Tic-Tac-Toe with Enforcer and Avoider. Striker [Enforcer](Inverted Winger and Centre Forward), Deep Lying Playmaker [Avoider] (Holding Midfielder and Inverted Winger), and Sweeper Wingback Deep Lying Playmaker [Avoider] (Centre Back). Use Playing Styles, Manipulated Positions, and Combinational Games for Positional Play as Johan Cruyff students.

Angolan 4-4-2 Diamond Tic Tac Toe Variant: 1-3-4-2; (1) Falar Pelos Cotovelos (Sweeper Deep-lying Playmaker Wingback) (4) Diamond Rover (Diamond Rotation from Midfield, Wings, and Defensive Third) Counterpressing Pivot Pressing Triggers, Sweeper-Winger Pivots, Overlapping Runs, W; I; M; V; Box Keeping Formation with 3 Centre-Backs) [Key Stats: Front Foot, Pressing Triggers, Clearance, Aerial Duel, Interceptions, Blocked Shots, Tackles, Final Ball, Key Dribbles, Overlapping Runs, Set Piece Taker] Spacing, Possession, Pass Completion, and Counter Pressing with Pursuit and Ambush Predation One Team Box Touches and Capture the Flag with Analytics-Geometry Total Football Trixie Bet on CNS Drugs (Xanax and Modafinil); 1-1-2-1 Diamond Rover Futsal Pivot Formation

Define a run in one of two ways: (i) as a set of consecutive goals scored by one team, without the other team scoring a goal; (ii) as a set of consecutive scoring events by one team, each event being either a goal or one or more Set Piece. Play aggressive and with counter pressing and run it up on the score board in the first half and after halftime play defense. You get a break at half and it's easier to win when someone plays defense and looks for opportunities instead of Attacking.

Posterior Chain Super Compensation and Speed-Endurance (Elastic-Connective Tissue) Force-Velocity Curve; Crescent Moon Horizontal Plane Vertical Force Sprinting Mechanics.

Set Piece Stylistic Biomechanics: Shooting Knee at Wall for Curve and Placement Knee for Corner. Follow through with Shot with proper Body Alignment

Knee to Feet or Shoulder to Feet Cradling for Touch/Entertainment

Placement Mechanics: Arch-Heel Linedrive and Arch-Knuckle Raised Curve

UEFA Front Office Curriculum

Museum d'histoire: Broken down into three major section — “A Lineage of Coaches Players and Places,” “Proving Grounds” and “Cultures of Basketball” — City/Game documents how basketball first found its origins in the neighborhoods of NYC and then went on to produce a roster of local legends who played everywhere from Rucker Park and the Cage on West 4th Street to Christ the King High School and St. John’s University.

Agility Ladder Eyes Pocket: Eyes Between Defenders Feet and Ball, Numbered Footwork V-Step (Shifting Defenders with Momentum) et L-Step (Explosive First Step), All moves should form a Triangle or an Incomplete Triangle (Coup de Pied)

*Push-Pull Sprint/Shooting Cycle: Pull Glutes et Hamstring; Push Calf et Quads for Sprints.

Sprint Size Up: A series of feint Karaoké dribble moves with Eye Tricks (Fake Pass) but Sprint Position Finish

Triangle Philosophy: All Dribbling Moves should form a Triangle or an Incomplete Triangle while using V-Step (Shifting Defenders with Momentum) et L-Step (Explosive First Step).

Thé Crescent: In Close Dribbling; Crescent Footwork with L Shapes (Paul Pogba)

On the Run Dribbling Moves: Letters and Shapes; Still Play 1 on 1: Numbered Footwork

Piedi Felici Courts: Drills Side/Box Play with 1 Net; Design Vaporwave Action Painting Angels; Knee for Direction and Sole Drags for Dribbling Touch and Crescent Moon Sprint Mechanics

Gambling Games: 5 Roll (Captain, Ship, Crew); Live-Pool Betting Monopoly

Stylistic Biomechanics: Dribbling Foot To Ball Contact (Balls of Feet and Arch of Feet); Knee for Direction; Foot Drags; & Hip Angle, Crescent Moon Running Mechanics, and Laces Kick.

Diamond Football (15 mins)

Set Up

-Lay out two overlapping sets of 4 flat markers in the positions shown above.

-Ask the players to stand on a flat marker for their teams colour (Red on Red, Yellow on Yellow).

Instruction

-Whenever the ball goes out for a kick in or for the defenders ball, the players must stand on their markers before play begins.

-As soon as the ball has been played in, players are free to move.

-Reset everytime the ball goes out.

Coaching Points, Progressions Ect.

-Ask players to shout out what each position on the park is to devlop understanding of their roles.

-If you decide to go to a normal game , leave the markers out for a visual aid for the players.

-If more than 8 players, Add in Goalkeepers who would then play the ball out to the DF,LM,RM.

-Rotate Positions, Ask Players to stand on a marker they haven't been on before

RUSSE NOIR ACCENT

Lingua Franca of Renaissance Latin (Vocabulary) and Atlantic–Congo Fon (Grammar).

Volta–Congo is a major branch of the Atlantic–Congo family. Fon (fɔ̀ngbè, pronounced [fɔ̃̀ɡ͡bē][2]) also known as Dahomean is the language of the Fon people. It belongs to the Gbe group within the larger Atlantic–Congo family.

In linguistic typology, subject–verb–object (SVO) is a sentence structure where the subject comes first, the verb second, and the object third.

Haitian Creole (/ˈheɪʃən ˈkriːoʊl/; Haitian Creole: kreyòl ayisyen, [kɣejɔl ajisjɛ̃];[6][7] French: créole haïtien, [kʁe.ɔl a.i.sjɛ̃]), or simply Creole (Haitian Creole: kreyòl), is a French-based creole language spoken by 10 to 12 million people worldwide, and is one of the two official languages of Haiti (the other being French), where it is the native language of the vast majority of the population. The language emerged from contact between French settlers and enslaved Africans during the Atlantic slave trade in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (now Haiti) in the 17th and 18th centuries. Although its vocabulary largely derives from 18th-century French, its grammar is that of a West African Volta-Congo language branch, particularly the Fongbe and Igbo languages.

Prose Accent Congo and Modern Accent Congo.

Full Lips Endings with Vertical Narrow Mouth and Soft Rs.

A noun phrase – or NP or nominal (phrase) – is a phrase that usually has a noun or pronoun as its head, and has the same grammatical functions as a noun.

BELMÔNT'S SIN INDEX FUND PORTFOLIO 

Sin stock sectors usually include alcohol, tobacco, gambling, sex-related industries (Cabaret and Burlesque), and weapons manufacturers.

Diageo 

Phillip Morris

Sports Betting Investment Trust

Pharmaceuticals

Business Clusters with Scrum Management and Accelerators to produce Festivals.

Example: Create a Index Fund Portfolio of 15-20 Stocks and using Supply Side Economics to create Decentralized Gambling Economy.

BELMÔNT'S DECENTRALIZED GAMBLING ECONOMY

Corporate-Capital Gains Tax Haven

High Stakes Minimum Buy In

Card Gambling (Signal and President): Top 2 highest bids fight for the Coup d'état and the other two are lesser men, the lesser men are subordinates that aid in playing cards for the warlord, the winning team splits the money, the warlords switches based on the 13 cards dealt and bets placed, the first team to shed all of their cards win.

Domestic Gambling: Boxing

Retirement Gambling: Boat Racing

Residency Program for Tax Benefits

BELMÔNT'S TURF ACCOUNTING MODEL

+EV

Python Programming Gaussian Distribution

Exotic Options Trading Live Betting

Parlays Minimum for Round Robins

Daily Fantasy Sports Rakes

RUSSE NOIR PALACE

Definitions of ballroom. noun. large room used mainly for dancing. synonyms: dance hall, dance palace**. types: disco, discotheque.

Go Go Music Influenced, Eurphoric Trance Chord Progression Melody, Progressive House and Drum n' Bass Percussion-808 Call and Response Staccato Polyrhythm or Layered Kick and Punch 808.

In his 1972 study of French lute music, scholar Wallace Rave compiled a list of features he believed to be characteristic of style brisé. Rave's list included the following: the avoidance of textural pattern and regularity in part writing; arpeggiated chord textures with irregular distribution of individual notes of the chord; ambiguous melodic lines; rhythmic displacement of notes within a melodic line; octave changes within melodic line; irregular phrase lengths.

Have the Snare and Kick say, "Hi, How are you?" And the 808 say, "I am good thanks for asking.”

Use progressive House to push the Drums Conversation to either Fast and Punchy for Happy or Slow and Deep for Sad.

In technical terms, "go-go's essential beat is characterized by a five through four syncopated rhythm that is underscored prominently by the bass drum and snare drum, and the hi-hat... [and] is ornamented by the other percussion instruments, especially by the conga drums, rototoms, and hand-held cowbells."[5]

Polyrhythm: In music, a cross-beat or cross-rhythm is a specific form of polyrhythm. The term cross rhythm was introduced in 1934 by the musicologist Arthur Morris Jones (1889–1980). It refers to a situation where the rhythmic conflict found in polyrhythms is the basis of an entire musical piece.[1]

Four-on-the-floor (or four-to-the-floor) is a rhythm used primarily in dance genres such as disco and electronic dance music. It is a steady, uniformly accented beat in 4. 4 time in which the bass drum is hit on every beat (1, 2, 3, 4).[1] This was popularized in the disco music of the 1970s[2] and the term four-on-the-floor was widely used in that era, since the beat was played with the pedal-operated, drum-kit bass drum.[3][4] (Punch 808-Kick)

Polyrhythm 4 on the Floor examples 2:4 or 5:4

Hard trance is often characterized by strong, hard (or even downpitch) kicks, fully resonant basses and an increased amount of reverberation applied to the main beat. Melodies vary from 140 to 180 BPMs and it can feature plain instrumental sound in early compositions, with the latter ones tending to implement side-chaining techniques of progressive on digital synthesizers.

Singles Only Email Raves Blogger then Multi Market Distribution Deal: A distribution deal is a contract to release the music to platforms, but not own the publishing or exclusively lock the artist in. Record Artist Producer Label: Have Polyrhythm Artist earn Streaming Percentage under a Recording Artist Deal. Label has Distribution Above Me and I have Manufacturing over Polyrhythm Artist. Have a end of the Year Album for New Year's Raves!

BELMÔNT'S SYSTEM: CAPÔI RETAINER AGREEMENT WITH ASSET PROTECTION TRUST

Capo: Describes a ranking made member of a family who leads a crew of soldiers. A capo is similar to a military captain who commands soldiers. Soldier: Also known as a “made man,” soldiers are the lowest members of the crime family but still command respect in the organization.

A capo is a "made member" of an Italian crime family who heads a regime or "crew" of soldiers and has major status and influence in the organization.

Consigliere: Defense and Corporate Lawyers

Head Boss: Ministry of Medicine

Underboss: Pharmaceutical Industry

Capo: CAPÔI RETAINER AGREEMENT

Soliders: Artisans

Commercialism is the application of both manufacturing and consumption towards personal usage, or the practices, methods, aims, and distribution of products in a free market geared toward generating a profit.

Commercial art is art created for advertising or marketing purposes. Commercial artists are hired by clients to create images and logos that sell products. Unlike works of fine art that convey an artist's personal expression, commercial art must address the client's goals.

The word 'Commercial' is defined as follows: Concerned with or engaged in commerce. Commerce is the exchange of goods or services among two or more parties.

Craftsmen are committed to the medium, not to self-expression. Artists are committed to their self-expression, not the medium.

A medium of exchange is an intermediary instrument and system used to facilitate the purchase and sale of goods and services between parties.

Stretch and Micro Goals

Music Medium System: Distribution and Retailers Contract Theory (System) for Music (Instrument)

Football Medium System: Analytics and Geometry for Free Role (System) Trixies (Instrument)

Age 16-19

Bond Funds

Farmland REITS

CFDS

Real Estate Brokerage Trust Account

Age 20-30

Farmland Recession Proof Stocks (Cosmetics, AgTech, Ag ETFS, AgETN)

Incubator and Startup Accelerators

Real Estate Joint Ventures

Age 30-40

Farmland Blue Chip Indexes w/ Credit Spread Options

CURRENCY, OIL, & GOLD COMMODITIES CANDLESTICK CHARTS

Swing Trading: Use mt4/mt5 With Heiken Ashi Charts, Setting at 14 or 21 Momentum Indicator above 0 as Divergence Oscillator and Volume Spread Analysis as Reversal Oscillator and Trade when bullish candlesticks above 200 exponential moving average and/or 20 exponential moving average (EMA) on H1 (Hourly) Time Frame; use H4 (4 Hours) and D1 (1 Day) as reference.

TUNNEL STRATEGY (OFFSHORE BANKING)

Purpose: Permanent Residency Card

$250k Deposit

$125k: 60/40 portfolio, 60% Fixed Income & REITs and 40% Blue Chip Stocks

$50k: Guaranteed Investment Certificates (GICs) and term deposits are secured investments. This means that you get back the amount you invest at the end of your term. The key difference between a GIC and a term deposit is the length of the term. Term deposits generally have shorter terms than GICs.

$75k: Spending Cash

SIN STOCKS PORTFOLIO

Sin stock sectors usually include alcohol, tobacco, gambling, sex-related industries, and weapons manufacturers.

Sports Betting Investment Trust

Pharmaceuticals

Example: Create a Index Fund Portfolio of 15-20 Stocks and using Supply Side Economics to create Decentralized Gambling Economy.

FESTIVALS DEAL

Singles Only Email Raves Blogger then Multi Market Distribution Deal: A distribution deal is a contract to release the music to platforms, but not own the publishing or exclusively lock the artist in. Record Artist Producer Label: Have Polyrhythm Artist earn Streaming Percentage under a Recording Artist Deal. Label has Distribution Above Me and I have Manufacturing over Polyrhythm Artist. Have a end of the Year Album for New Year's Raves!

NEUROPLASTICITY DRUG-CRIME NEXUS BASED ON TRAFFICKING

CPP, CNS Depressants, et FENTALOGS: Cul-de-sac

Defensive Penalty Capture The Flag Raiding Warfare

Grey-Decentralized Markets

Bastilles: Cul-de-sac Artist Résidences Penthouse Complexes

Polyrhythm Raves

Acid House Art Gallery

International Film Festival

Hôtel Chefs

Seigneurial System/Tableau Economique Raw Material Économics Production Spot

Surautomatism

Discount Networking Acid House Party

Opium Dens and Fragrance Festivals

Pill Pressers

CNS depressants

Upper-tier County System

Defense Lawyers are Traplords (Trafficking P4P and Malicious Prosecution)

Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC)

Brain Receptor Dealing

Neuroplasticity Drug-Crime Nexus

Religious Ecstasy

Entheogens are psychedelic drugs—and sometimes certain other psychoactive substances—used for engendering spiritual development or otherwise in sacred contexts

Live-Pool Betting Monopoly Board Game

Summary Sentencing

Urban Level: Street Culture Art Gallery (Street culture may refer to: Urban culture, the culture of towns and cities, Street market, Children's street culture, Street carnival, Block party, Street identity, Street food, Café culture, Several youth subculture or counterculture topics pertaining to outdoors of urban centers. These can include: Street art, Street photography, Street racing, Street wear, Hip-hop culture, Urban fiction, Street sports, Streetball, Flatland BMX, Freestyling), Art Pedagogy, Artist Residency, Art Schools, and Art Plugs

Art Pedagogy: Arts-based pedagogy is a teaching methodology in which an art form is integrated with another subject matter to impact student learning. 28-30. Arts-based pedagogy results in arts-based learning (ABL),11 which is when a student learns about a subject through arts processes including creating, responding or performing. Aesthetic Teaching: Seeking a Balance between Teaching Arts and Teaching through the Arts. In aesthetic education, learning must be developed especially with the inclusion of sensations and with the help of feelings. Sensations and feelings should lead to movement, representation, and expression. Aesthetic learning often entails learning to distinguish certain qualities or objects aesthetically in different ways depending on the situation and the purpose. Certain things can be experienced in negative ways in one activity and in positive ways in another.

A designer drug is a structural or functional analog of a controlled substance that has been designed to mimic the pharmacological effects of the original drug, while avoiding classification as illegal and/or detection in standard drug tests

Patchwork tattoos are a collection of tattoos collaged together to create an overall design. Each individual 'patch' of the tattoo can be a different design, symbol or element with a little space in between. Patchwork tattoos are a collection of tattoos collaged together to create an overall design. In short, the gun-toting angel was a multifaceted metaphor. “It undoubtedly also reflected the Catholic Counter-Reformation militaristic rhetoric,” wrote Donahue-Wallace, “which promoted the church as an army and heavenly beings as its soldiers.”

DECADENCE AESTHETICS THEORIES

Slogan

J'Cartier, Je cours après les vœux de champagne,

Subjective

Based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions

Gastronomy

Precarious Balance

Precariously: If something is happening or positioned precariously, it's in danger. A glass could be precariously balanced on the edge of a table. If something is on the verge of danger, then the word precariously fits.

Grey & Decentralized Markets

Tableau Économique

Semblance

Semblance is generally used to suggest a contrast between outward appearance and inner reality.

High Socioeconomic Status & Tattoos

Phantasmagorical

Having a fantastic or deceptive appearance

adjective. having a fantastic or deceptive appearance, as something in a dream or created by the imagination. having the appearance of an optical illusion, especially one produced by a magic lantern.

Socioeconomic Status Development Immigration Multilingual Sensory Play

Law of Polarity in Relationships

In any successful relationship that has an intimate connection and sexual attraction, there is polarity. What does this mean exactly? Polarity in relationships is the spark that occurs between two opposing energies: masculine and feminine. Gender does not affect whether you have masculine or feminine energy.

Second Reflection

Burden Aesthetics with Intentions

The Second Reflection lays hold of the Technical Procedures

Tattoos

SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGY

Keystone Theory Habits

Game Theory

Behavioral Finance

Self-actualization is the complete realization of one's potential, and the full development of one's abilities and appreciation for life. This concept is at the top of the Maslow hierarchy of needs, so not every human being reaches it.

Potential Psychology: Psychological potential is a very broad concept. It may include one's capacity to conform, change, re-invent oneself, bounce back from adversity, etc.

SOCIO-FORMAL SCIENCE

+EV Optimal Game Theory Poker

Civil, Agriculure, Solvent Levelling Effect Chemical Reaction, and Biomechanical Engineering

SOCIO-PHILOSOPHY

Ontology

IMPERIALISM, THE HIGHEST STAGE OF CAPITALISM

Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism,[1] originally published as Imperialism, the Newest Stage of Capitalism,[2][3] is a book written by Vladimir Lenin in 1916 and published in 1917. It describes the formation of oligopoly, by the interlacing of bank and industrial capital, in order to create a financial oligarchy, and explains the function of financial capital in generating profits from the exploitation colonialism inherent to imperialism, as the final stage of capitalism. The essay synthesises Lenin's developments of Karl Marx's theories of political economy in Das Kapital (1867).[4]

Tax Mergers Law; Market-extension merger: Two companies that sell the same products in different markets. 4.2.2 Corporate Taxation At the corporate level, the tax treatment of a merger or acquisition depends on whether the acquiring firm elects to treat the acquired firm as being absorbed into the parent with its tax attributes intact, or first being liquidated and then received in the form of its component assets.

SOCIOCULTURAL THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT

Seconds Liberal Arts are often viewed as pre-professional since, while conceived of as fundamental to citizenship, they address the whole person in recognition that our moral and spiritual identities develop best through participation in a society that perpetually renews the rights and responsibilities of membership.

Executive management master's degree programs often result in an Executive Master of Business Administration, or EMBA. They are primarily designed to act as accelerated graduate programs for working professionals who already hold management or executive positions.

Engineering college means a school, college, university, department of a university or other educational institution, reputable and in good standing in accordance with rules prescribed by the Department, and which grants baccalaureate degrees in engineering.

Monopoly Family Boarding Schools: The socio-historical context refers to the societal and historical conditions and circumstances that influence events or individuals. It involves elements like the cultural, economic, and political circumstances during a certain time period.

Agriculturism is an ideology promoting rural life, a traditional way of life. It is characterized by the valorization of traditional values (the family, the French language, the Catholic religion) and an opposition to the industrial world.

CAPÔI CLASS STRUCTURE

Demonym Examples: CAR Congolese, Gabon Congolese, Afrikaans Congolese, and Congolese

Monopoly Family (Apartheid)

Chief Executive of State (Apartheid)

Political Class (RUSSE NOIR)

Upper Class (RUSSE NOIR)

Working Class (RUSSE NOIR)

JEAN-CLAUDE TRAORÉ BUSINESS ADVICE

Blue Ocean Strategy; Solvent Levelling Effect Chemical Reaction Engineering and Economic Science.

TENNIS AGRICULTURE

A clay-court specialist is a tennis player who excels on clay courts, more than on any other surface.

Due in part to advances in racquet technology, current clay-court specialists are known for employing long, winding groundstrokes that generate heavy topspin; such strokes are less effective on faster surfaces on which the balls do not bounce as high. Clay-court specialists tend to slide more effectively on clay than other players. Many of them are also very adept at hitting the drop shot, which can be effective because rallies on clay courts often leave players pushed far beyond the baseline. Additionally, the slow, long rallies require a great degree of mental focus and physical stamina.

CASAPIANOS MARTYROLOGY ORDER (CATHOLIC COUNTER-REFORMATION)

The Casa Pia is a Portuguese institution founded by Maria I, known as A Pia ("Mary the Pious"), and organized by Police Intendant Pina Manique in 1780, following the social disarray of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. For almost three centuries, thousands of young boys and girls were raised by Casa Pia, including many public personalities, called casapianos. Casa Pia is Portugal's largest educational institution dedicated to helping youngsters in risk of social exclusion or without parental support. The organisation is composed of ten schools and enrolls approximately 4700 students. In addition to standard schooling, the organisation also provides boarding for children in need. It strives to enable these youngsters to become healthy and successful members of society, by developing intellectual, manual, and physical traits, in an environment promoting spiritual, moral, and religious values. The institution is proud to have had amongst its students many outstanding Portuguese personalities, including politicians, journalists, and artists. A martyrology is a catalogue or list of martyrs and other saints and beati arranged in the calendar order of their anniversaries or feasts. Local martyrologies record exclusively the custom of a particular Church. Local lists were enriched by names borrowed from neighbouring churches.[1] Consolidation occurred, by the combination of several local martyrologies, with or without borrowings from literary sources.

The Canons Regular of St. Augustine are priests who live in community under a rule (Latin: regula and κανών, kanon, in Greek) and are generally organised into religious orders, differing from both secular canons and other forms of religious life, such as clerics regular, designated by a partly similar terminology. As religious communities, they have laybrothers as part of the community.

Clerics regular are clerics (mostly priests) who are members of a religious order under a rule of life (regular). Clerics regular differ from canons regular in that they devote themselves more to pastoral care, in place of an obligation to the praying of the Liturgy of the Hours in common, and have fewer observances in their rule of life.

Lay brother is a largely extinct term referring to religious brothers, particularly in the Catholic Church, who focused upon manual service and secular matters, and were distinguished from choir monks or friars in that they did not pray in choir, and from clerics, in that they were not in possession of (or preparing for) holy orders.[1][2][3][4][5]

In female religious institutes, the equivalent role is the lay sister. Lay brothers were originally created to allow those who were skilled in particular crafts or did not have the required education to study for holy orders to participate in and contribute to the life of a religious order.

Lay brothers were found in many religious orders. Drawn from the working classes, they were pious and hardworking people, who though unable to achieve the education needed to receive holy orders, were still drawn to religious life and were able to contribute to the order through their skills. Some were skilled in artistic handicrafts, others functioned as administrators of the orders' material assets. In particular, the lay brothers of the Cistercians were skilled in agriculture, and have been credited for the tilling of fertile farmland.[1]

Lay sisters were found in most of the orders of women, and their origin, like that of the lay brothers, is to be found in the necessity of providing the choir nuns with more time for the Office and study, as well as creating the opportunity for the illiterate to join the religious life. They, too, wore a habit different from those of the choir sisters, and their required daily prayers consisted of prayers such as the Little Office or a certain number of Paters.[1]

All canons regular are to be distinguished from secular canons who belong to a resident group of priests but who do not take public vows and are not governed in whatever elements of life they lead in common by a historical rule. One obvious place where such groups of priests are required is at a cathedral, where there were many Masses to celebrate and the Divine Office to be prayed together in community.

In modern astrology, Mars is the primary native ruler of the first house. Traditionally however, Mars ruled both the third and tenth houses, and had its joy in the fifth house. While Venus tends to the overall relationship atmosphere, Mars is the passionate impulse and action, the masculine aspect, discipline, willpower and stamina.

Mars rules over Tuesday and in Romance languages the word for Tuesday often resembles Mars (in Romanian, marți, in Spanish, martes, in French, mardi and in Italian "martedì"). The English "Tuesday" is a modernised form of "Tyr's Day", Tyr being the Germanic analogue to Mars. Dante Alighieri associated Mars with the liberal art of arithmetic. In Chinese astrology, Mars is ruled by the element fire, which is passionate, energetic and adventurous.

According to John Clements, the term martial arts itself is derived from an older Latin term meaning "arts of Mars", the Roman god of war, and was used to refer to the combat systems of Europe (European martial arts) as early as the 1550s

A religious congregation is a type of religious institute in the Catholic Church. They are legally distinguished from religious orders – the other major type of religious institute – in that members take simple vows, whereas members of religious orders take solemn vows.

In the Catholic Church, a religious order is a community of consecrated life with members that profess solemn vows. They are classed as a type of religious institute.[1]

Catholic School Girls Moon Evangelical Prophets: Consecrated life is "placed in a privileged position in the line of evangelical prophecy," whereby its “charismatic nature” and communal discernment of the Spirit "makes it capable of inventiveness and originality.”

Men Mars Angelology Conversion System: Church Enterprises (Planetary Intelligence Church District Real Estate; Liberal Arts Catholic Immersion Schools; Gold; Athletics; Cooking);

Church Gatherings (School Nights Virgil, Weekend Noon Mass then Weekend Sports League) Francis de Sales and Don St. Bosco Influence 

Harquebusier Angels Patchwork Tattoos: Biblical Crowns, Praying Hands, Gun Toting Angels, Dirty Dancing Angels, Drug Using Angels, Heavenly Choir, Summa Theologica Sherman, Saints and Pastors, Hebrew Tetragram, Council of Trent

HARQUEBUSIER ANGELS GANG BLUEPRINT: PARDISUS MEDIAE; Spirit Unity Oversoul Angelology Shaman, Eros Influence Angels: Ecstasy-Painkillers Trafficking Angel Spirit Type Oversoul, Jupiter-Mars-Venus with Planetary Intelligence; Erotes are Horcruxes, Google Imprint Oversoul, Choice of Choir is Heavenly Host, Lightning-Ice Element, Wings Transfer Invocation, MARS-JUPITER  Syncretism Planetary Intelligence, ESTJ Sensory Myers-Briggs Personality Indicator Syncretism, Church Expenses Occupation (Festivals, Venues, Freeports, Art Gallery, Underground Garages, Tobacco Store, Restaurants, Réal Estate Brokerage, Impure Aesthetic Thrillers Publishing Imprint et Production Company, Body Etching, Lipodissolve, and Hyaluronic Acid Fillers Cosmetics Surgery

ANGOLAN HARQUEBUSIER ANGELS STRUCTURE; Commission on the Social and Cultural Affairs; Commission for Ecumenism; The Commission on Christian Education; Liturgical Commission; Missionary Committee; Chief Executive of State and Military Religion Legislation; Stretch and Micro Goals

Material religion is a framework used by scholars of religion to examine the interaction between religion and material culture. It focuses on the place of objects, images, spaces, and buildings in religious communities. The framework has been promoted by scholars such as Birgit Meyer, Sally Promey, S. Brent Plate, David Morgan, etc.

Physiocracy (French: physiocratie; from the Greek for "government of nature") is an economic theory developed by a group of 18th-century Age of Enlightenment French economists who believed that the wealth of nations derived solely from the value of "land agriculture" or "land development" and that agricultural products should be highly priced.[1] Their theories originated in France and were most popular during the second half of the 18th century. Physiocracy became one of the first well-developed theories of economics.

The Bible typically describes the Heavenly host as being made up of angels, and gives several descriptions of angels in military terms, such as their encampment (Genesis 32:1–2), command structure (Psalms 91:11–12; Matt.13:41; Rev.7:2), and participation in combat (Job 19:12; Rev.12:7). Other passages indicate other entities make up the divine army, namely stars (Judges 5:20, Isaiah 40:26).[1][full citation needed] In Christian theology, the heavenly host participate in the war in Heaven.

The doctrine or theory of immanence holds that the divine encompasses or is manifested in the material world. It is held by some philosophical and metaphysical theories of divine presence. Immanence is usually applied in monotheistic, pantheistic, pandeistic, or panentheistic faiths to suggest that the spiritual world permeates the mundane.

The Dionysian Mysteries were a ritual of ancient Greece and Rome which sometimes used intoxicants and other trance-inducing techniques (like dance and music) to remove inhibitions and social constraints, liberating the individual to return to a natural state. 

Religious nationalism can be understood in a number of ways, such as nationalism as a religion itself, a position articulated by Carlton Hayes in his text Nationalism: A Religion, or as the relationship of nationalism to a particular religious belief, dogma, ideology, or affiliation. This relationship can be broken down into two aspects: the politicisation of religion and the influence of religion on politics.

Dioceses ruled by an archbishop are commonly referred to as archdioceses; most are metropolitan sees, being placed at the head of an ecclesiastical province. In the Catholic Church, some are suffragans of a metropolitan see or are directly subject to the Holy See.

The body of light, sometimes called the 'astral body'[a] or the 'subtle body,'[b] is a "quasi material"[1] aspect of the human body, being neither solely physical nor solely spiritual, posited by a number of philosophers, and elaborated on according to various esoteric, occult, and mystical teachings. Other terms used for this body include body of glory,[2] spirit-body, luciform body, augoeides ('radiant body'), astroeides ('starry or sidereal body'), and celestial body.[3] The concept derives from the philosophy of Plato: the word 'astral' means 'of the stars'; thus the astral plane consists of the Seven Heavens of the classical planets. The idea is rooted in common worldwide religious accounts of the afterlife[4] in which the soul's journey or "ascent" is described in such terms as "an ecstatic, mystical or out-of body experience, wherein the spiritual traveller leaves the physical body and travels in their body of light into 'higher' realms."[5]

The canon law of the Catholic Church (from Latin ius canonicum[1]) is "how the Church organizes and governs herself".[2] It is the system of laws and ecclesiastical legal principles made and enforced by the hierarchical authorities of the Catholic Church to regulate its external organization and government and to order and direct the activities of Catholics toward the mission of the Church.

An institute of consecrated life is an association of faithful in the Catholic Church canonically erected by competent church authorities to enable men or women who publicly profess the evangelical counsels by religious vows or other sacred bonds "through the charity to which these counsels lead to be joined to the Church and its mystery in a special way".[1] They are defined in the 1983 Code of Canon Law under canons 573–730. The Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life has ecclesial oversight of institutes of consecrated life.[2]

In Christianity, the three evangelical counsels, or counsels of perfection, are chastity (NEVER), poverty (or perfect charity), and obedience (RECKLESS ABANDONMENT).[1] As stated by Jesus in the canonical gospels,[2] they are counsels for those who desire to become "perfect" (τελειος, teleios).[3][4] The Catholic Church interprets this to mean that they are not binding upon all, and hence not necessary conditions to attain eternal life (heaven), but that they are "acts of supererogation", "over and above" the minimum stipulated in the biblical commandments.[5][6]

Catholics who have made a public profession to order their lives by the evangelical counsels, and confirmed this by public vows before their competent church authority (the act of religious commitment known as a profession), are recognised as members of the consecrated life.

The Council of Trent (Latin: Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent (or Trento), now in northern Italy, was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation at the time, it has been described as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation. The Council issued key statements and clarifications of the Church's doctrine and teachings, including scripture, the biblical canon, sacred tradition, original sin, justification, salvation, the sacraments, the Mass, and the veneration of saints[4] and also issued condemnations of what it defined to be heresies committed by proponents of Protestantism. The consequences of the Council were also significant with regard to the Church's liturgy and censorship.

Initiated in part to address the challenges of the Protestant Reformations,[3] the Counter-Reformation was a comprehensive effort arising from the decrees of the Council of Trent. The effort produced apologetic and polemical documents, heresy trials, anti-corruption efforts, spiritual movements, the promotion of new religious orders, and the flourishing of new art and musical styles. 

Tradwave is a Catholic artistic style using synthwave and vaporwave art to promote traditional catholicism. Tradwave usually uses traditional catholic paintings, sculptures, or photographs of saints, given with vaporwave effects, often with a bible verse or quote about catholicism. The art usually tries to convey a resurrection of catholic spirituality in the modern atheist world. Figures often depicted in Tradwave art include Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, Ven. Fulton Sheen, Cardinal Robert Sarah, and Mother Angelica.

Tradwave music often takes the form of two main styles. One of them is catholic hymns with vaporwave effects and traditional Vaporwave/Lo-Fi music. It can also have quotes from modern prolific Catholic figures, such as Ven. The other theme is Fulton Sheen and Cardinal Robert Sarah.

Heavenly Virtues: Another phrase to describe this obedience to the voice is “reckless abandon.” It simply means that we let God do what God wants to do through us. It means if He tells us to do something or say something—we do it.

Intercession or intercessory prayer is the act of praying to a deity on behalf of others, or asking a saint in heaven to pray on behalf of oneself or for others. Intercession of the Saints is a Christian doctrine that maintains that saints can intercede for others. To intercede is to go or come between two parties, to plead before one of them on behalf of the other. In ecclesiastical usage both words are taken in the sense of the intervention primarily of Christ, and secondarily of the Blessed Virgin and the angels and saints, on behalf of men.[2] The doctrine is held by the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox Churches, the Assyrian Church of the East, the Oriental Orthodox churches , and some Lutherans and Anglicans (chiefly those of Evangelical Catholic or Anglo-Catholic churchmanship, respectively).[3] The practice of asking saints for their intercession can be found in Christian writings from the 3rd century onwards.[4][5][6] Catholic doctrine supports intercessory prayer to saints. This practice is an application of the doctrine of the Communion of saints. Some of the early basis for this was the belief that martyrs passed immediately into the presence of God and could obtain graces and blessings for others, which naturally and immediately led to their direct invocation. A further reinforcement was derived from the cult of the angels which, while pre-Christian in its origin, was heartily embraced by the faithful of the sub-Apostolic age. The doctrine of intercession and invocation was set forth by the Council of Trent, which teaches that "... the saints who reign together with Christ offer up their own prayers to God for men. It is good and useful suppliantly to invoke them, and to have recourse to their prayers, aid, and help for obtaining benefits from God, through His Son Jesus Christ our Lord, Who alone is our Redeemer and Saviour".[10] Intercessory prayer to saintly persons who have not yet been beatified can also practiced by individuals, and evidence of miracles produced as a result of such prayer is very commonly produced during the formal process of beatification and canonization.

In short, the gun-toting angel was a multifaceted metaphor. “It undoubtedly also reflected the Catholic Counter-Reformation militaristic rhetoric,” wrote Donahue-Wallace, “which promoted the church as an army and heavenly beings as its soldiers.” These "Harquebusier Angels" or "Arcabuceros" are full-length depictions of winged angels, elaborately dressed, and carrying matchlock guns (harquebuses).

The related term astrolatry usually implies polytheism. In anthropological literature these systems of practice may be referred to as astral cults.

A friar is a member of one of the mendicant orders in the Roman Catholic Church. There are also friars outside of the Roman Catholic Church, such as within the Anglican Communion. The term, first used in the 12th or 13th century, distinguishes the mendicants' itinerant apostolic character, exercised broadly under the jurisdiction of a superior general, from the older monastic orders' allegiance to a single monastery formalized by their vow of stability. A friar may be in holy orders or be a non-ordained brother. The most significant orders of friars are the Dominicans, Franciscans, Augustinians, and Carmelites.[1]

Romans 8:31; Exploring Biblical Imagery is one of the most important keys to interpreting and gaining a deeper understanding of the Bible. The Bible often communicates truth to us through images and patterns.

Throughout history, armed priests or soldier priests have been recorded. Distinguished from military chaplains, who are non-combatants that provided spiritual guidance to service personnel and associated civilians, these priests took up arms and fought in conflicts as combatants. The term warrior priests or war priests is usually used for armed priests in Antiquity and the Middle Ages, and of historical tribes.

Slang: In Romans 8:5-8, Paul presents a compelling contrast between living according to the flesh and living according to the Spirit. The flesh, with its disordered desires and rebellion against God, leads only to spiritual desolation. Martyr, one who voluntarily suffers death rather than deny their religion by words or deeds; such action is afforded special, institutionalized recognition in most major religions of the world. The term may also refer to anyone who sacrifices their life or something of great value for the sake of principle. A religious allusion is a brief reference to a person, event, place, or phrase from religious texts or traditions, without describing them in detail. 5 Those who live according to the flesh have their minds set on what the flesh desires; but those who live in accordance with the Spirit have their minds set on what the Spirit desires. 6 The mind governed by the flesh is death, but the mind governed by the Spirit is life and peace. 7 The mind governed by the flesh is hostile to God; it does not submit to God’s law, nor can it do so. 8 Those who are in the realm of the flesh cannot please God. Martyr/Romans 8 Allusion Slang.

Romeu e Julieta (Casapianos Order 1996 Adaptation 18+ Romance Thriller)

While it retains the original Shakespearean dialogue, the film represents the Montagues and the Capulets as warring mafia empires (with legitimate business fronts) and the Capulets were "a Latin family, sort of,"[15] played by Latin-American and Italian actors.[16] It is set in contemporary United States, where swords are replaced by guns[17] (with model names such as "Dagger", "Sword", and "Rapier"), and with a FedEx-style overnight delivery service called "Post Haste".[18] Shakespeare and Impure Aesthetics explores ideas about art implicit in Shakespeare's plays and defines specific Shakespearean aesthetic practices in his use of desire, death and mourning as resources for art. In fiction, a subplot or side story is a secondary strand of the plot that is a supporting side story for any story or for the main plot. Subplots may connect to main plots, in either time and place or thematic significance. Subplots often involve supporting characters, those besides the protagonist or antagonist. Subplots may also intertwine with the main plot at some point in a story.[1]

THE ENCYCLICAL PASSIONARIES ABOUT YHVH CASAPIANOS

Specifically, the royal psalms deal with the spiritual role of kings in the worship of Yahweh. Aside from that single qualification, there is nothing else which specifically links the ten psalms. Each of the psalms make explicit references to their subject, the king. Royal (messianic) psalms deal with the king as God's anointed or chosen one. Many are prayers for the wisdom of the king, his long life or success in battle. Some are prophetic in nature in that they also point to the ideal future king, the Messiah or the King of kings. A martyrology is a catalogue or list of martyrs and other saints and beati arranged in the calendar order of their anniversaries or feasts. Local martyrologies record exclusively the custom of a particular Church. Local lists were enriched by names borrowed from neighbouring churches.[1] Consolidation occurred, by the combination of several local martyrologies, with or without borrowings from literary sources. Simple martyrologies only enumerate names. Historical martyrologies, also sometimes called passionaries, also include stories or biographical details. (Reckless Abandonment; Mars Shamanism and Casa Pia Wing Transfer Invocation)

In the martyrdom narrative of the remembering community, this refusal to comply with the presented demands results in the punishment or execution of an individual by an oppressor. Accordingly, the status of the 'martyr' can be considered a posthumous title as a reward for those who are considered worthy of the concept of martyrdom by the living, regardless of any attempts by the deceased to control how they will be remembered in advance.[1] Insofar, the martyr is a relational figure of a society's boundary work that is produced by collective memory.[2] Originally applied only to those who suffered for their religious beliefs, the term has come to be used in connection with people killed for a political cause. (Armed Friars and The War for Central Africa between Casapianos and The French; The Fall of Yoruba for Bembé; Arcubusier Angels in Africa)

The Metal Ages is a term for the period of human civilization beginning about 6,000 years ago during which metallurgy rapidly advanced, and human populations started using metals such as copper, tin, bronze and finally iron to make tools and weapons. By heating and shaping metals in hot furnaces, humanity also learned to use precious metals such as gold and silver to make intricate ornaments.[1][2] With these technological adaptions, human society became more productive and human settlements became larger and more prosperous, but also more violent.[3] The Metal Ages are divided into three stages: the Copper Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age.[1][2] (Calcium Age of Angola)

5 SENSES FESTIVAL MONTHLY (CASAPIANOS ORDER)

Heortology or eortology is a science that deals with the origin and development of religious festivals,[1] and more specifically the study of the history and criticism of liturgical calendars and martyrologies*. Religious Ecstacy Entheogens are psychedelic drugs—and sometimes certain other psychoactive substances—used for engendering spiritual development or otherwise in sacred contexts.

Sight: Fireworks on Water Front

Sound: Casapianos Palace Raves

Scent: Overnight Fragrance

Taste: Lamb and Wool

Touch: Tomato Food Fight

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