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besthuntgear · 1 year ago

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Habitat Conservation Strategies

Habitat conservation is a critical environmental strategy aimed at protecting, preserving, and restoring habitats to prevent species extinction, fragmentation, or reduction in range. It is a cornerstone of biodiversity conservation, ensuring the survival of ecosystems and the variety of life they support. In the United States, habitat conservation efforts are more crucial than ever due to increasing threats from urban development, climate change, and pollution. Key Takeaways - Habitat conservation is essential for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem health. - Key threats include habitat destruction, climate change, and invasive species. - Strategies for conservation involve protected areas, habitat restoration, and sustainable land use. - Community involvement and government policies play significant roles in successful conservation efforts. Habitat Conservation Habitat conservation in the United States encompasses a range of practices designed to protect natural habitats from degradation and destruction. The goal is to maintain ecosystems in a healthy state, able to support the species that rely on them. This involves not only protecting existing habitats but also restoring those that have been damaged and implementing management practices that ensure their long-term sustainability. The Role of Biodiversity in Habitat Conservation Biodiversity, the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem, is fundamental to the health and functionality of ecosystems. High biodiversity increases resilience to changes and stresses in the environment, making ecosystems more robust and able to provide essential services such as clean air and water, pollination of plants, and regulation of climate. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Health The United States is home to a vast array of habitats, from the rainforests of the Pacific Northwest to the grasslands of the Great Plains, each supporting unique ecosystems. The conservation of these habitats is vital for maintaining the country's biodiversity. Healthy ecosystems can better withstand and recover from a variety of challenges, including those posed by climate change. Key Threats to Habitats Worldwide Habitats across the United States face numerous threats that endanger their health and biodiversity. These threats include habitat destruction and fragmentation, pollution, climate change, and the introduction of invasive species. Addressing these threats requires a comprehensive approach that combines protection, restoration, and sustainable management. Habitat Destruction and Fragmentation Urban development, agriculture, and resource extraction have led to the destruction and fragmentation of habitats across the country. This not only reduces the area available for wildlife but also isolates populations, making it difficult for species to migrate, find mates, and access resources. Pollution and Climate Change Pollution from industrial, agricultural, and urban sources has degraded many habitats, affecting both the water and air quality. Climate change compounds these challenges, altering temperature and precipitation patterns, and leading to more extreme weather events. These changes can disrupt the delicate balance of ecosystems, leading to loss of species and degradation of habitats. Invasive Species Invasive species, both plants and animals, pose a significant threat to native ecosystems. Introduced species can outcompete, prey on, or bring diseases to native species, leading to declines or extinctions. Managing invasive species is a critical component of habitat conservation strategies. Strategies for Habitat Conservation The United States employs a variety of strategies to conserve habitats and the biodiversity they support. These strategies are implemented at federal, state, and local levels and involve a range of stakeholders, including government agencies, non-profit organizations, and the general public. Protected Areas and Reserves One of the most direct methods of habitat conservation is the establishment of protected areas and reserves. These areas are set aside to conserve the natural environment, with restrictions on development and resource extraction. The United States has a vast network of protected areas, including national parks, wildlife refuges, and wilderness areas, which play a crucial role in conserving habitats. Restoration and Rehabilitation of Degraded Habitats Restoration efforts focus on returning degraded habitats to a condition as similar as possible to their natural state. This can involve replanting native vegetation, removing invasive species, and restoring natural water flows. Rehabilitation efforts may not return a habitat to its original state but aim to improve its ecological function and biodiversity. Sustainable Land-Use Practices Sustainable land-use practices are essential for balancing human needs with the conservation of habitats. This includes practices such as sustainable forestry and agriculture, urban planning that incorporates green spaces, and the use of conservation easements to protect land while allowing for some degree of use. Implementing Conservation Strategies The successful implementation of habitat conservation strategies requires the cooperation of a wide range of stakeholders. Government policies at the federal, state, and local levels provide the framework and funding for conservation efforts. Community involvement, including the participation of indigenous groups and local landowners, is crucial for the success of conservation projects. Technology and innovation also play a role, with new tools and techniques being developed to monitor ecosystems, restore habitats, and manage wildlife. Case Studies of Successful Habitat Conservation Several case studies highlight the success of habitat conservation efforts in the United States. These include the restoration of wetlands in the Florida Everglades, conservation of prairie habitats in the Midwest, and protection of old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest. Each case study demonstrates the importance of a comprehensive approach that includes protection, restoration, and sustainable management. Strategies and Implementation Continuing our exploration into habitat conservation strategies, we delve into the practical approaches and real-world implementations that have shown promise in preserving the United States' diverse ecosystems. These strategies not only aim to protect existing habitats but also to restore those that have been degraded and to ensure the sustainable use of our natural resources. Implementing Conservation Strategies The effectiveness of habitat conservation strategies hinges on their implementation. This involves a coordinated effort among various stakeholders, including government bodies, conservation organizations, communities, and individuals. Each plays a unique role in the conservation puzzle, contributing to the overarching goal of preserving biodiversity and ecosystem health. Role of Government and Policy Government policies form the backbone of habitat conservation efforts, providing the legal framework, funding, and resources necessary for their execution. In the United States, several key pieces of legislation, such as the Endangered Species Act and the Clean Water Act, have been instrumental in protecting habitats and the species they support. Legislation Impact Endangered Species Act Provides for the protection of species that are threatened with extinction and their habitats Clean Water Act Aims to restore and maintain the integrity of the nation's waters, including habitats Community Involvement and Indigenous Knowledge The involvement of local communities and the incorporation of indigenous knowledge are critical for the success of conservation projects. Communities living in close proximity to conservation areas often possess invaluable knowledge about the local ecosystem and can contribute significantly to conservation efforts through sustainable practices and stewardship. Technology and Innovation in Conservation Advancements in technology have opened new avenues for conservation, from satellite imagery for monitoring deforestation to genetic studies that inform breeding programs for endangered species. These tools enable conservationists to gather detailed information about habitats and their inhabitants, facilitating more effective conservation strategies. Case Studies of Successful Habitat Conservation The United States boasts numerous success stories in habitat conservation, demonstrating the positive impact of well-implemented strategies. These case studies serve as inspiration and models for future conservation efforts. Tropical Rainforest Conservation in Puerto Rico The restoration of the El Yunque National Forest in Puerto Rico showcases the potential for recovery in tropical rainforest ecosystems. Efforts focused on reforestation and the removal of invasive species have led to significant improvements in biodiversity and ecosystem health. Wetlands Restoration Projects The restoration of the Florida Everglades represents one of the most ambitious wetlands restoration efforts worldwide. Initiatives aimed at reestablishing natural water flow and reducing pollution inputs have been crucial in reviving this unique ecosystem. Grasslands Protection Efforts The conservation of the Great Plains grasslands involves protecting large tracts of land through partnerships between government agencies, non-profit organizations, and private landowners. These efforts aim to preserve the native grasslands, which are vital for many species, including the American bison. Frequently Asked Questions The most effective strategies are those that combine protection of existing habitats, restoration of degraded areas, and sustainable management practices that involve local communities and utilize the latest technological advancements.Individuals can contribute by supporting conservation organizations, adopting sustainable practices in their daily lives, and advocating for policies that protect natural habitats.Climate change poses a significant threat to habitats through altering temperature and precipitation patterns, increasing the frequency of extreme weather events, and raising sea levels. Conservation strategies must account for these changes, focusing on increasing ecosystem resilience and adaptability. Read the full article

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whisperings-of-the-worlds · 2 years ago

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The republic of Masitochia

The republic of Masitochia, or simply Masitochia, is a prosperous democratic nation on the south coast of the continent. It's southernmost point extends to the base of the Marijan peninsula, its northernmost point a semitropical island in the Lake Amsa.

The Flag of Masitochia

Geographically, Masitochia is one of the largest nations on the continent, though it is smaller than the nation of Halaquflan and is roughly comparable to Saffranu, Corqafollain and a united Deskala Akri.

Geographically, much of Masitochian lands is forested, though the northern Mas lands are largely mixed grasslands with a few small deciduous woodlands and tropical marshes in the northernmost reaches. In the west, on the borders with Maelach and Deskala Akri, there lies the greatest mountain range, the Coski range, famous for its beautiful colors and famously harsh passes, which have historically protected the Masitochians from the historical Deskalan raids. Central easterm Masitochia is the home of the Quilan range, a less impressive but still significant mountain range that divides northern and Southern Masitochia. Southern Masitochia is the most inhabited and largest geographical region, boasting great stretches of woodland, vast flat plains, and plentiful water resources. In the southwest, lies the Nation's capital city, Facol Itoma, located on a major river near a lake. Facol Itoma has a long history and has, for centuries, been a major and significant place in the region. Farther to the south of Facol Itoma, you will come across the largest lake in the nation, Kiðik. A canal has been planned to connect the Deskalan and Marijian seas, and will use the Kiðik to connect east and west.

(Image: map of Masitochia, colored in orange)

In the current age, Masitochia exists as one of the most advanced and democratic nations in the world, in part because of it's dedication to maintaining high literacy rates and supporting its populace. This also has the side effect of attracting many of the greatest minds of many other nations, as intelligentsia across the world flock to the prosperous democratic nation. Migration is also a large part of Masitochia, as it is currently experiencing and encouraging perhaps one of the largest influx of immigrants ever recorded- hundreds, if not thousands of immigrants are accepted as citizens every day. This has resulted in a housing crisis, as you can imagine. One cannot visit a city without seeing massive housing complexes being built, alongside rows of tents and shanties. Despite this, the flow of immigrants has not faltered, in part because the State of Masitochia guarantees basic education for every immigrant.

Masitochia is no paradise, however. Inequality is ever present, the right to vote is only guaranteed to male citizens, and the political situation is, as you can imagine, very male-dominated. And, though the nation is markedly more tolerant than many others, the lack of immigrants in politics, even male, is painfully evident. Class struggles are equally as evident, the nation's capitalist system failing to aid the lower class and the homeless masses. Hope seems attainable, however. Women's suffrage protests are getting louder and harder to ignore, while the notion of gender roles themselves are being challenged by queer activists. The economic principles held by Masitochia are also being challenged, as Masitochia's western neighbor and young sister country, Maelach, has begun implementing socialist economic policies, as well as pushing for the same democratic government as Masitochia.

All around it, the world is changing. And Masitochia has proven in the past that it is more than capable of change. From kingdom to empire, from wounded kingdom, to proud republic. Masitochia stands tall as a beacon of progress.

#masitochia #fantasy #writing #worldbuilding

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xtruss · 4 years ago

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With Nearly Half of U.S. Farmworkers Undocumented, Ending Illegal Immigration Could Devastate Economy

— By Meghan Roos and Alex J. Rouhandeh | April 21, 2021 | Newsweek

As heated conversations about U.S. immigration focus on migrants arriving at the U.S.-Mexico border, a quiet scenario plays out on farms across the country—thousands of undocumented workers tending and picking the crops put food on American tables and fill cargo ships that supply the world.

America's reliance on migrant agricultural workers is a secret hiding in plain sight.

In New York's Hudson Valley, a historic apple farm utilizes a legal process for hiring migrant workers—the H-2A Temporary Agricultural Workers program. It enables Minard's Family Farm to legally hire migrants on a seasonal basis, and includes protections for both migrant and domestic workers that can result in fines if violations occur.

Jason Minard, whose family has run the farm since 1906, said he believes in the program despite its up-front costs and the risk of penalties.

"I don't look down on the program, I look at it as an asset," Minard told Newsweek. "It's a cost of doing business. It's an asset because of the bottom-line reality: Without these H-2A workers, these apples would not get picked."

H-2A workers prune Pink Lady apple trees at Minard's Family Farm.

A bill to reform the H-2A program, H.R. 1603, called the Farm Workforce Modernization Act of 2021, passed the House on March 18. It includes a path to citizenship for H-2A workers. Until or unless it is approved by both houses of Congress, agricultural employers are left to decide how best to employ workers for physically-demanding work that typically does not appeal to U.S. workers.

According to a 2018 report by the U.S. Department of Labor, 49% of the U.S. agricultural workforce is undocumented —a significant statistic for a country that along with China and India ranks among the top three agricultural producers in the world.

In 2019, U.S. agriculture contributed about $136.1 billion to the country's gross domestic product (GDP). Agriculture alone makes up about 0.6 % of the country's GDP, but that number rises to about 5.2% when combined with related food industries, according to a 2019 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Economic Research Service report.

Agriculture and related food industries are also credited with providing nearly 11% of the country's jobs, according to the USDA's report, an estimated 2.6 million of which involve working directly on American farms.

Minard told Newsweek he realizes there are employers who don't take the same legal steps he does, and said that the complex legal process required, coupled with potential fines employers face for contract violations, may provide an explanation.

Fines for violations can range from $1,700 to $6,000. Fines for layoffs and improperly rejecting U.S. workers can reach $17,000. Violations of housing and transportation agreements can be as high as $59,000. The fines are based on individual workers, and are multiplied by the total number of workers whose contractual rights are deemed to have been violated.

These fees may deter some farms from getting involved with the program, especially when, by comparison, fines for hiring undocumented workers range from just $600 to about $4,000 for first-time offenders.

Muzaffar Chishti, the director of the Migration Policy Institute at New York University School of Law, described the penalties as a "slap on the wrist."

"Hiring unauthorized people has become part of the business model for a lot of employers," Chishti told Newsweek. "The consequences are so minimal that it is worth taking the risk."

From the migrant workers' point of view, U.S. agricultural employment serves as what former President Donald Trump's Ambassador to Mexico Christopher Landau described as a "pull factor." Migrants from Central America comprise a large percentage of those traveling to the U.S. in the hope of starting a new life, and while factors like violence at home and climate-driven weather events can serve as a "push" to seek refuge elsewhere, job opportunities also draw them to the U.S.

Agricultural workers from Bud Farms harvest celery for both American and export consumption on March 26, 2020 in Oxnard, California.

Landau told Newsweek he believes the U.S. should address some of those pull factors before trying to change the push factors in other countries, which he said would likely require a "multi-generational effort."

"I think, ultimately, the United States is making a terrible mistake by thinking that the answer for our country lies in trying to fix other countries," he told Newsweek. "We don't have a great track record in terms of nation-building. It seems to me the answer is much closer to home. I don't see how we can't get our own employers to stop hiring people illegally."

The H-2A program employers like Minard use today has a history dating back to the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, which created the H-2 temporary visa program for foreign workers, and was refined in the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, which created the H-2A and H-2B programs for agricultural and nonagricultural workers, respectively.

Before the H-2A program existed, the Bracero program was used widely among agricultural employers between the 1940s and 1960s. The Bracero History Archive estimates that about 4.6 million temporary worker contracts were signed during that time period. But the archive notes the program was riddled with problems rooted in employers' unwillingness to abide by its worker protection rules, which contributed to its demise and eventual replacement with the H-2 program.

Despite the existing legal options, the avenues for attaining these visas remain tight.

The H-2A visa process requires employers to follow a three-step process dictated by U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Services (USCIS). It starts with employers filing a temporary labor certification with the U.S. Department of Labor. Then, they must file an I-129 petition to hire a "nonimmigrant worker" to USCIS. Once completed, the prospective worker then applies for the H-2A visa at a U.S. embassy before journeying to the United States.

Though the steps sound simple, each part contains multiple sub-steps, which can be time-consuming and confusing. Minard's farm has experienced the complexity of the process firsthand.

"It's costly, there're a lot of regulations, a lot of record keeping," Minard told Newsweek. "For your average farmer, it may seem like a lot.

Because jobs requiring H-2A workers must also be offered equally to American workers, employers like Minard need to advertise the job opportunity locally, and must continue to do so until the H-2A workers complete at least half the time on their contract.

Minard says the American workers at his farm generally last only a few days. Nonetheless, he must hire eligible Americans when they apply.

Along with this regulation, Minard says a mandate requiring employers to offer paid hours during 75% of the duration of the H-2A contract, known as the "three-fourths guarantee," presents a logistical risk. On apple farms, for example, a frost might wipe out portions of the crop, calling for increased hours one week and virtually no hours the next. Farms who hire workers through the H-2A program must be equipped to pay their workers through the duration of their contract, even if weather conditions reduce the expected revenue yield from a crop.

"I think a lot of employers say, 'Well, what the heck, why should I bother to comply with the law, if my competitor down the road is hiring illegals and getting away with it?'" former-Ambassador Landau told Newsweek. "This is basically a way to get around a lot of the laws we put in place to protect workers in this country."

Undocumented agricultural workers face multiple forms of exploitation. In some cases, they encounter unsafe, dirty workplace conditions. In other cases, they face high productivity expectations that may result in long days under the sun with few breaks. However, even if the conditions and schedule mirror a law-abiding U.S. workplace, there are further risks.

Employers may tell undocumented workers their wages will be less due to their lack of legal status. Workers may feel compelled to stay silent after facing harassment by their supervisor. Workers who are qualified for full-time staff positions may be contracted for freelance or temporary work, devoid of employee protections and insurance options, due to their status.

Agricultural workers from Bud Farms harvest celery for both American and export consumption on March 26, 2020 in Oxnard, California. These agricultural workers are mostly migrant Spanish-speakers. They earn just above minimum wage, and in a good six-day week working 10 hours a day, they can earn around $1100.

"Are (those examples) as bad an exploitation as a sweatshop worker being chained to the assembly line?" Chishti said to Newsweek. "No, but it's exploitation made only by the status of the worker. All these things have been happening on the side while Congress has been vacillating on immigration reform."

The Farm Worker Modernization Act could provide a key step toward change in the agricultural sector. However, Chishti said for immigration policies to realize their full potential, they must coincide with comprehensive reform. He said in order for the country to have a successful immigration system, new avenues toward legal immigration, mandatory E-Verify, and overhauls to the H-2A program must be implemented together.

One element of the proposed legislation suggests expanding and requiring use of E-Verify, which cross-references an employee's I-9 form with records available to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and the Social Security Administration to confirm employment eligibility. The program was created in the mid-1990s, and has evolved to enable U.S. employers—about 967,000 of whom use it—to check a worker's employment eligibility online within seconds.

"E-Verify to me is the lynchpin of an effective immigration reform proposal," Chishti told Newsweek.

Chishti warns that if the nation cannot implement these reforms together, both employers and immigrants will find ways around the missing components. Without a reformed H-2A program or alternate legal method for employment, people will continue to illegally cross the border in search of work.

They may bring fake documents to prove their qualification for the job, and these qualifications may be approved without a mandatory, improved employment verification system. And without a clear path toward citizenship, those workers who do make it through are likely to face exploitation and miss out on the chance to and fully participate in American society.

"What I see as our choice is: Do we want as a country to have the people who live and work here be here legally, or illegally?" Landau told Newsweek. "I don't think that should be a hard choice."

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indiantraders · 2 years ago

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NATIVE AMERICAN NATIONS – THE COMANCHE AND CHIEF QUANAH PARKER

Here we delve a little deeper into some of the facts about who the Native Americans are – specifically the Comanche, who were historically renowned by other Native Americans as the most warlike Native Tribe.

Who are the Comanche?

The Comanche are a Native American Tribe that traditionally inhabited the southern Great Plains in the 1700s and 1800s. They call themselves “Nermernuh” or “The People”; the word “Comanche” derives from a Ute word “kimantsi” that translates to “enemy” or “anyone who wants to fight me all the time”. The Comanche language itself is a northern branch of the Uto-Aztecan languages.

At the end of the 1800s, there were more than thirteen bands of Comanche; the five major bands were:

Yamparika (Yap/Root Eaters)

Kotsoteka (Buffalo Eaters)

Penateka (Honey Eaters)

Nokoni (Wanderers)

Quahadis (Antelopes)

The Comanche were originally part of the Wyoming Shoshone people. They broke away from the Shoshone and migrated south - through Wyoming, Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Texas, and Oklahoma - by systemically attacking and displacing other tribes, including driving the Apache entirely from the southern Plains. During the Frontier era, the Comanche were considered the fiercest and most dangerous. They raided other tribes and settlers for horses, material goods, and human captives, with their range extending as far south as the location of modern-day Durango, Mexico.

Comanche society was noted for organized autonomous bands formed on kinship. The Comanche society and clan system were patrilineal and patrilocal. Men wore their hair long and in two braids, while women cut their hair short. There was no single overseeing Comanche Chief according to tribal norms.

Buffalo played a huge role in their economy, and they made and traded everything from sinew thread to teepee covers and robes made from every part of the animal.

The nomadic equestrian lifestyle of the Plains Indians was implemented by the Comanche. They were extremely powerful and among the first Native American people to acquire, use, and successfully breed horses, which they sourced from the Spanish settlers. (Before this, the Comanche used large dogs to transport their bison hide tents). They became highly skilled in fighting battles on horseback – a skill unique to their tribe and which made them even more difficult to overcome in battle. By 1795, the Comanche sold horses and mules to Anglo-American traders and they also supplied them through Osage, Shawnee and Seminole middlemen.

Quanah Parker was a famous Comanche war leader. A member of the Quahadi band, and born around 1850, he was the firstborn son of Quahadi chief Peta Nocona and Anglo-American Cynthia Parker, who had been kidnapped as a child of just nine years of age by the Nokoni, and had been adopted and since assimilated into that tribe.

In the early 1870s, and in response to the capture of several Kiowa Chiefs, the Comanche joined forces with the Kiowa and the Southern Cheyenne against the US Army forces which were rounding up or killing those Native Americans who were not settled on designated reservations.

Quanah Parker was dominant in the Red River War of 1874 (during which the US Army sought to displace the Comanche, Kiowa, Arapaho, and Southern Cheyenne from the Plains) before the American government’s decimation of buffalo populations forced the peaceable surrender of the Comanche; Parker led his people to the Comanche, Kiowa, and Apache Reservation at Fort Sill, Oklahoma.

Following his settlement othe Reservation, Quanah contacted and spent time with his mother’s family (whom she had, as an adult, chosen not to rejoin, having assimilated fully with the Comanche). He studied English, farming practices, and Western culture.

Parker was never elected Chief by his own people but was appointed by the US government as the Comanche Nation’s principal Chief. He both encouraged his people to adopt Christianity, while also advocating for a Native American Church and peyote religion as an alternative. (He had been introduced to peyote by a Mexican healer (curandera) after being gored by a bull). For Comanche religious and spiritual practices, he fought hard for the legalization of peyote.

He married two wives in 1872; the first was the daughter of a Mescalero Apache Chief. After a year of marriage, she asked to return to her home as she struggled with the Comanche language. Quanah permitted this. His second wife of 1872, with whom he eloped, was the daughter of a Penateka Comanche subchief. Their marriage united two bands and formed the largest single Comanche force. He also married six more women in his lifetime.

Parker was elected Lawton, OK’s deputy sheriff in 1902, and after he passed away in 1911, he was called “The Last Comanche Chief”.

Some Comanche criticized Quanah Parker for adopting some European-American methods, including for becoming a rancher. But as a proud Comanche man, he wore his hair in braids throughout his lifetime and maintained many native customs.

The Comanche Nation Today

The Comanche Nation is known as “The Lords of the Plains”. They are governed by the Constitution of the Comanche Nation and a Tribal Council. There are around 17,000 enrolled members of the Comanche Tribe and 7,000 live on or near the Fort Sill Reservation area. Tribal members must have at least one great-grandparent of full Comanche lineage. The Comanche Nation has its own Department of Higher Education.

In terms of Native American jewelry, the Comanche favored metal bracelets and strands of brightly colored glass beaded necklaces. Beading is a hallmark of Comanche design. Before European traders brought glass beads, they used beads made from wood, copper, teeth, animal bones, stones, and turquoise.

#Native American jewelry

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highpricstess · 2 years ago

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7 Reasons Why Go For A Luxurious Safari In Africa?

If you're an adventurous at heart and seek unbeatable travel experiences, a luxury safari in Africa is at the highest priority on your list of things to do. A luxury safari is a journey of discovery through Africa's wild landscapes. It blends the luxury of comfort, exclusivity and experiences. This article examines seven factors to think about the possibility of a safari trip in Africa.

Africa is the home of awe-inspiring wildlife and mesmerizing scenery, draws travelers from across the world. Although safaris are known due to their unadulterated and genuine experiences with nature, going for a more luxurious safari raises your experience to a new level of indulgence and comfort. Let's delve into the advantages of a luxurious safari in Africa is an unforgettable adventure.

Incredible Wildlife

The first is to see amazing wildlife up close. Africa offers a variety of species, ranging from majestic giant Giraffes, elephants, stealthy Lions and gracious Cheetahs. Imagine watching a pride of lions enjoying the sun, or witnessing what is known as the Great Wildebeest Migration, a spectacular natural phenomenon that sees millions of animals traveling across the Serengeti. The best chances to see these incredible animals in their natural environment on a luxurious safari.

Unforgettable Experiences

Luxury safaris can provide an array of memorable experiences that go beyond just wildlife viewings. Imagine a hot-air balloon safari high above the plains Maasai mara or a walk in the wilderness. Expect to be amazed by the spectacular sunsets that will sweep over the Savannah or by the sounds of the wildlife at night as you go on a thrilling game drive. Every moment is meticulously planned to create unforgettable memories that can stay with you for an entire lifetime.

Breathtaking Landscapes

AfrExpert Guides

A team of knowledgeable and knowledgeable guides makes the experience of a luxury safari more enjoyable. These guides are passionate about wildlife and possess in-depth understanding of local flora as well as fauna and ecosystems. They provide fascinating information and ensure that each safari or guided hike is a learning opportunity. When it comes to tracking leopards, or identifying bird species, their expertise enhances your knowledge and appreciation for the amazing diversity in Africa.

The heading 6: Conservation efforts

The luxury safari companies are usually active in conservation efforts in order to safeguard Africa's fragile ecosystems. It is possible to support conservation efforts by deciding to take a luxury safari. Many lodges and camps have implemented eco-friendly measures to minimize the environmental footprint of their operations by utilizing sustainable energy sources, and encouraging the responsible management of waste. If you travel to Africa and experience the wonders of it with a luxury safari you become an advocate for its conservation and leave a lasting impression.

Cultural immersion

A luxury African safari adventure is much more than just nature and scenic beauty. There are also opportunities to immerse yourself in culture. Get involved with local communities as well as indigenous tribes and learn about their customs, traditions, and ways of living. If you're visiting a Maasai village located in Kenya or having a chat with the San people in Botswana, these interactions foster a deeper appreciation for the diverse cultural traditions of Africa. It's easy to make connections as you are able to feel the warmth and hospitality of the locals.

Conclusion

A luxurious safari can be unbeatable experience. It blends luxury with the unspoiled beauty of Africa. In addition to witnessing amazing wildlife, taking in stunning landscapes to supporting conservation efforts and experiencing vibrant cultures, a luxury safari offers an extraordinary adventure of discovery. Get ready to create lasting memories and ignite your sense of wonder in the heart of Africa.

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manydots · 2 years ago

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1930년대 Dust Bowl과 영화 인터스텔라

‘대지에 입맞춤을’이라는 다큐멘터리에서 1930년대 미국 중서부의 Dust Bowl 얘기를 하더라고. 심각한 토양 문제와 먼지 얘기였어. 그에 관해 좀 더 얘기해줘. 어떤 일이 왜 일어났는지, 어떻게 진행됐는지 등등

The Dust Bowl was a period of severe dust storms and soil erosion that occurred in the Great Plains region of the United States during the 1930s. The event was primarily caused by a combination of severe drought, unsustainable farming practices, and the failure of the government to manage the land properly.

During the late 1800s and early 1900s, farmers moved into the Great Plains region to take advantage of the rich soil and the Homestead Act, which gave away land to settlers. However, the region was naturally unsuitable for traditional farming practices, as the soil was shallow and lacked organic matter, and the climate was hot and dry.

To make the land productive, farmers began tilling the soil to plant crops, which exposed the soil to erosion by wind and water. They also planted crops year after year without rotating them, which depleted the soil of essential nutrients. As a result, the soil became dry and dusty, and when drought struck in the 1930s, the topsoil blew away in massive dust storms, creating the Dust Bowl.

The Dust Bowl had a devastating impact on the region's ecology and economy. The storms destroyed crops, killed livestock, and made farming impossible, leading to widespread poverty and displacement of farmers. Many people were forced to leave the region in search of work and food, causing a massive migration to California and other western states.

To address the crisis, the federal government implemented a series of programs aimed at soil conservation and land management. These programs included the Civilian Conservation Corps, which employed young men to plant trees and build terraces to prevent erosion, and the Soil Conservation Service, which provided farmers with technical assistance and financial incentives to adopt sustainable farming practices.

Over time, these efforts proved successful in restoring the soil and preventing further erosion. Today, the Great Plains region is a major agricultural center, and farmers have learned to manage the land sustainably to prevent a recurrence of the Dust Bowl.

1930년대 영상을 보니까, 영화 인터스텔라의 먼지 폭풍이 떠오르더라고. 그냥 우연일까 아니면 감독이 더스트 보울에서 영감을 얻은 걸까?

It's possible that the director of Interstellar, Christopher Nolan, was inspired by the Dust Bowl when creating the film's visuals of a dust storm. The Dust Bowl was a significant event in US history and has been the subject of many films, books, and documentaries, so it's likely that it has influenced popular culture in various ways. However, without direct statements from Nolan or the film's production team, it's impossible to say for certain whether the Dust Bowl was an inspiration for Interstellar's depiction of a dust storm.

영화 인터스텔라에서 먼지 폭풍이 일어났던 곳이 어디였지? 주인공들 집이나 고향이기도 했는데.

In the movie Interstellar, the dust storm takes place in the protagonist's hometown of Cooper Station, which is located in a fictional town in the American Midwest. The dust storm is portrayed as a catastrophic event that threatens the survival of the human race, as it is linked to a global crop blight that is causing food shortages and famine. The dust storm scenes in the movie are visually reminiscent of the real-life Dust Bowl of the 1930s, which was a severe environmental and economic disaster that affected the American Midwest.

놀란 감독이 먼지 폭풍 관련 영감을 어디에서 얻었는지 직접적으로 얘기한 적 있어?

I'm not aware of any direct statements from Christopher Nolan regarding the inspiration for the dust storm scene in Interstellar. However, it's possible that he was influenced by the Dust Bowl era or other similar environmental disasters when creating the scene. Directors often draw from various sources of inspiration, including real-life events and other films.

좋아. 인터스텔라의 먼지 폭풍 장면 제작 관련해서 어떤 걸 더 알고 있어? 관심 있으니, 사소한 것도 괜찮아.

Sure! Here are some interesting tidbits about the making of the dust storm scene in Interstellar:

The dust storm scene was shot in Alberta, Canada, which was chosen for its barren, flat terrain and the fact that it experiences regular dust storms.

To create the massive dust clouds, the filmmakers used a combination of practical effects and CGI. They created large amounts of artificial dust and debris, which they blew through the scene using massive fans.

To give the scene a realistic look, the filmmakers used special cameras that could capture the fine details of the dust particles. They also used specialized lenses to create a hazy, atmospheric effect.

To make the scene as immersive as possible, the filmmakers used a technique called "practical sound." They recorded the sound of actual dust storms, which they played through massive speakers on set to create a realistic sound environment for the actors.

The dust storm scene was one of the most challenging sequences to shoot in the film. The actors had to contend with extreme wind and dust, which made it difficult to breathe and see. They also had to wear heavy protective gear to shield themselves from the flying debris.

Despite the challenges, the dust storm scene was praised by critics and audiences alike for its realism and intensity. It remains one of the most memorable moments in the film.

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nimonlive · 2 years ago

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Laravel is the best PHP Framework

Why Laravel Is The Best PHP Framework In 2023? To develop a web application available a right PHP development framework for the business can be a very difficult task because there are so many frameworks are there. We have worked and tested other PHP development frameworks as well. However, we needed some additional features and capabilities. Laravel is the best PHP framework in 2018. Why Laravel is used by many industries worldwide? The major technical advantages which make Laravel the best out of all. Reasons why Laravel is the best PHP framework: 1) Authorization Technique: PHP framework: Laravel makes implementation of authentication techniques very simple. Almost everything is configured extraordinarily. Laravel also provides a simple way to organize authorization logic and control access to resources. 2) Object-Oriented Libraries: One of the top reasons which make Laravel the best PHP framework is it has Object Oriented libraries and many other pre-installed ones. One of the pre-installed libraries is the Authentication library. Although it is easy to implement, it has many advanced features, such as checking active users, Bcrypt hashing, password reset, CSRF (Cross-site Request Forgery) protection, and encryption. PHP framework: 3) Artisan: Laravel offers a build in tool named as Artisan. A developer has to usually interact with the Laravel framework using a command line that creates and handles the Laravel project environment. Laravel provides a built-in tool for command-line called Artisan. This tool allows us to perform the majority of those repetitive and tedious programming tasks that most of the developers avoid performing manually. 4) MVC Support: Another reason which makes Laravel the best PHP framework is it supports MVC Architecture like Symfony, ensuring clarity between logic and presentation. MVC helps in improving the performance, allows better documentation, and has multiple built-in functionalities. Here’s how the MVC works for Laravel. 5) Security: While developing an application everyone has to use some or the other ways too make the application secure. Laravel takes care of the security within its framework. It uses salted and hashed password, which means Laravel that the password would never save as the plain text in database. It uses Bcrypt hashing algorithm for generating an encrypted representation of a password. Laravel uses prepared SQL statements which make injection attacks unimaginable. 6) Database Migration: One pain point for developers is to keep database in sync between development machines. With Laravel database migrations, it is extremely easy. Enter Migrations. As long as you keep all of the database work in migrations and seeds, you can easily migrate the changes into any other development machine you have. This is yet another reason which makes Laravel the best PHP framework. 7) Great Tutorials (Laracasts): Unlike others (Codeigniter, Yii, CakePHP etc.) Laravel offers Laracasts which features a mix of free and paid video tutorials that show you how to use Laravel. The videos are all made by Jeffery Way, an expert and experienced instructor. He seems to have his finger on the pulse of the essentials and offers clear and concise instructions. The production quality is high, and the lessons are well-thought out and meaningful. 8) Blade Templating Engine: The Blade templating engine of Laravel is very intuitive and helps to work with the typical PHP/HTML spaghetti so much better, that’s it one of the best features of the framework. If you ever have had to chop up an if statement with HTML inside of it, you know exactly what I mean. But with blade, it’s almost effortless. Here’s how it goes: 9) Responsable Interface: Responsable Interface is a new feature added in the Laravel with the release of Laravel 5.5 in August 2017. It is a class which is used to implement the interface which can be returned by using controller method. After that, the router is going to check for the instance of Responsable when preparing the response from “Illuminate\Routing\Router”. 10) Automatic Package Discovery: Previously in the earlier versions of Laravel, it was not easy to install packages. However, in Laravel 5.5 a new feature called Automatic Package Discovery detects the packages automatically which users want to install. Meaning that now users don’t have to setup any aliases or providers from installing new packages in Laravel. Also, Laravel 5.5 allows developers to disable this feature for specific packages. The amazing features as mentioned above are quite enough to understand that it’s the best PHP framework in 2017. However, you need developers to start your web development project. If you have a long-term project in mind that needs attention from the scratch then dedicated development team are appropriate. However, if you want to make some minor tweaks or renovate your site you can extend your existing PHP development team with co-developers. Regardless of the needs, you must rely on a technology partner likeValueCoders for all your development needs. The popularity of Laravel framework is on the rise due to its incredible features. Also, Laravel provides extensive community support as well. For Laravel 5.6/5.7 Training - Contact DOCC Kolkata, Call 9433526196 / Visit www.docckolkata.com

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fionnafree-blog · 6 years ago

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Piping Plovers!

These little birds, named after their piping mating call, are quite adorable little creatures. Piping Plovers are a very small bird species reaching only about 17cm long. Piping Plovers breed along ocean shores in the Northeast and along lakeshores and alkali wetlands in the northern Great Plains and Great Lakes but their populations have taken a severe hit. They eat small marine invertebrates such as worms, fly larvae, beetles, crustaceans, mollusks and other small marine animals and their eggs.

They typically live up to 5 years but some have lived up to eleven years. Some piping plovers may breed the first spring after they hatch. Although, some birds do not find a mate each year, but piping plovers can breed every year. They can also have up to 5 eggs per clutch.

Why are these endangered?

There are a few threats that these animals have been facing. Shoreline development in the Great Lakes region has caused a loss of loss of habitat. Especially from recreational areas, buildings, walkways, and man-made islands.Predation was identified as the cause of nest failure of approximately 14.5% of clutches in Michigan from 1981 to 1999. The Migratory Bird Treaty Act protects the species from taking and bans trade in piping plovers and their parts, it was determined that because the Act does not protect habitat, the Act alone would not provide adequate protection to prevent further loss of the species’ habitat. There are many other things such as Beach-walking, bike riding, kite flying, fireworks, bonfires, horseback riding, kayaking, windsurfing, camping, and close-up photography are among the many non-motorized activities that disturb piping plovers and disrupt normal behavior patterns. Contaminants also have an effect on behavioral impairment, deformities, and impaired reproduction.

Protection of this species began in 1984 when the populations hit an all time low of only 300 breeding pairs. SInce then, recovery has brought back the populations but it is still considered endangered until they have made a full recovery. In September of 2003, a recovery plan was developed featuring the course action of the following:

Actions Needed:

1.Protect the Great Lakes piping plover breeding population and manage breeding habitat to maximize survival and fecundity,

2. Protect wintering piping plovers and manage habitat to promote survival and recruitment,

3. Identify and protect migration habitat outside of wintering range,

4. Conduct scientific research to facilitate recovery efforts,

5. Develop and implement public education and outreach,

6. Develop partnerships and additional funding mechanisms,

7. Develop emergency methods to prevent extirpation

8. Review progress toward recovery and revise recovery tasks as appropriate

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mbaljeetsingh · 4 years ago

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Microservices Architecture – Explained in Plain English

Over the last few years, microservices have gone from an overhyped buzzword to something you should understand as a software engineer.

According to an O'Reilly developer survey in 2020:

61% of companies have been using microservices in the last year

29% say at least half of their company systems are built using microservices

74% say their teams own the build/test/deploy phases of their applications

These numbers will only continue to increase over time as the ecosystem around microservices matures and makes adoption even easier.

This doesn't mean you need to be an expert on microservices to get a job, but it is definitely a bonus to at least understand the basic fundamentals.

The truth is, microservices aren't that hard to understand when you boil it down to the basics. The biggest problem is that most of the resources available are written to impress readers instead of actually educating them.

Another reason is that there isn’t even a true concrete definition about what a microservice is. The result is that there are tons of overlapping definitions and jargon which leads to confusion for people trying to learn about microservices.

In this article I will cut through all the chaff and focus on the core concepts of what microservices actually are. I'll use a variety of real world examples and metaphors to make abstract concepts and ideas easier to understand.

Here's what we'll cover:

Brief history of software design

Benefits and downsides of monoliths

Benefits and downsides of microservices

4 Minute Microservice Summary

If you prefer a quick introduction to microservices, you can watch this video first:

youtube

How to Understand Microservices with an Analogy of Starting Your Own Business

Let's say you are a software engineer and decide to start freelancing to earn some money. At the beginning you have a few clients and things go smoothly. You spend most of your time writing code and clients are happy.

But over time you start to slow down as the business grows. You spend more and more of your time doing customer service, answering emails, making minor changes for past customers, and other tasks that don't move the needle for you in terms of revenue.

You realize that you aren't optimizing your time as a software engineer so you hire a dedicated employee to handle customer service.

As you continue to grow you add more employees with specialized skills. You hire a marketer to focus on attracting new customers. You add project managers, more software engineers, and eventually an HR department to help with all these employees.

This was all necessary for your business to grow beyond what you could do by yourself as a single person, but there are of course growing pains.

Sometimes there are miscommunications between teams or departments and clients get upset when details slip through the cracks. There is the direct cost of having to pay employee salaries, internal rivalries between teams, and numerous other issues that arise when a company grows larger.

This example is somewhat representative of how a software company might move from a monolith to a microservice type architecture. What starts out with one person doing all the work gradually becomes a collection of specialized teams working together to achieve a common goal for the company.

This is very similar to how tech companies with monoliths have migrated to microservice architectures. While these examples aren't a perfect 1-1 match for microservices, the general problems are the same:

Scaling – Ideally you want to be able to quickly hire new employees and linearly scale how productive your company is.

Communication - Adding more employees adds the overhead of needing to coordinate and communicate across the organization. There are numerous strategies that companies try to use to make this efficient, especially in this era of remote work.

Specialization - Allowing certain groups in the organization to have autonomy to solve problems the most efficient way possible rather than trying to enforce a standard protocol for all situations. Certain customers might have different needs than others, so it makes sense to allow teams to have some flexibility in how they handle things.

How to Go from a Monolith to Microservices

To understand the present it helps to understand the past. Traditionally, software was designed in a monolithic style, and everything ran together as a single application. Like everything else in life, there are some pros and cons to this style of application.

Monoliths aren't inherently bad – and many microservice advocates actually recommend starting out with a monolith and sticking with it until you start running into problems. You can then break your monolith into microservices naturally over time.

Advantages of a Monolith Architecture

Faster development time initially

With a small team, development speed can be extremely fast when you're just starting off.

This is because the project is small, everybody understands the entire app, and things move smoothly. The members of the team know exactly how everything works together and can rapidly implement new features.

Simple deployment

Because monoliths work as a single unit, things like testing and logging are fairly simple. It's also easier to build and deploy a single monolith compared to a bunch of separate microservices.

Disadvantages of a Monolith Architecture

Despite the early benefits of monoliths, as companies grow they often encounter several problems on organizational and technical levels as a result of their monolithic application.

Tight-coupling of modules

Most companies with monolithic applications try to logically break the monolith into functional modules by use case to keep things organized. Think things like Authentication, Comments, Users, and Blog posts.

The problem is that this requires extreme engineering discipline to maintain long term. Established rules often get thrown out the window when a deadline approaches. This results in shortcuts being taken during a crunch and tangled interconnected code that accumulates as technical debt over time.

Real world example - Trying to stay disciplined with monoliths is a lot like sticking to an exercise routine or diet. Many people get excited and can stay disciplined with their diet for a few weeks, but eventually life gets in the way and you revert back to your normal routine. Trying to enforce loose coupling with monoliths is like that – there's just too much temptation to cut corners when you get in a time crunch.

Onboarding new hires becomes hard

For new hires, becoming productive often takes much longer because they need to learn how all the interconnected pieces of the monolith work together before they can risk modifying any single part of the application.

It's not unheard of for new hires to say it takes months for them to truly feel comfortable with a massive code base. And there's always the underlying fear that any time you push new code it might blow up the entire app.

Real world comparison - Training somebody to do a single task like hammer nails vs training somebody to do every single possible task on a construction site. Having to teach a new hire absolutely everything about the entire job increases the cost of hiring new employees.

Conflicting resource requirements

In a monolith, different modules might have different hardware requirements. Some tasks might be CPU-heavy calculations, others might require a lot of RAM.

But because the entire application has to run on the same server, you can't use the type of hardware specialized for a certain task.

Real world example - Certain types of vehicles are better suited for certain tasks. If you are going on a road trip, a car with great fuel economy would be the best choice so you save money on gas. If you are moving into a new apartment, it would be good to have a vehicle with more space for storage so you don't have to make as many trips.

A single bug can take down the entire app

Because the application is deployed as a single unit, that means that any team can accidentally create a bug that takes down the entire monolith.

Real world example - To prevent a single leak from sinking an entire ship, bulkheads are used to seal off sections if they start to flood. Microservices work in a similar way – each service is deployed independently from others, which can reduce the chances of a bug taking down the entire app.

Limits experimentation

When building a monolith, you are pretty much stuck using the ecosystem of the programming language the monolith was written in. A simple example would be the tradeoffs of low level programming languages and higher level programming languages.

With a microservice architecture, if a certain service is struggling to scale, you have the option to rewrite it in a higher performance language like C++ or Go.

For other services where performance isn't a huge factor, you can improve development speed by using higher level languages like Python or JavaScript.

A monolith architecture can also blind a team from seeing alternative ways to solve a problem. When you only have a hammer, everything looks like a nail.

Real world comparison - Pizza is great, but you probably wouldn't want to eat pizza every meal for the rest of your life. Plus in some situations it would also just be inconvenient to cook and eat pizza rather than something else. Sometimes it would be nice to just grab a quick snack or eat something a little healthier.

Deployments can become slow

One of the strengths of the monolith listed above can eventually become a weakness. The fact the entire app is deployed together can become a problem for massive monoliths because it can result in taking a long time to deploy the entire service. This reduces how fast a team can iterate and make changes to the app.

Each time they make even a minor change they are forced to wait for the app to build and deploy for testing.

Real world example- Your dream is to make the world's best cookies. The fastest way to accomplish this goal would be to test as many batches of cookies as possible while gradually changing and improving the recipe until it was perfect. Now imagine you only have 1 oven. The rate at which you can test out different cookie recipes is much slower compared to having 10 ovens.

Advantages of Microservices

So now that you know the pros and cons of the monolith architecture style, let's examine microservices.

Development Speed Improves

Because you are no longer deploying a monolith, teams are able to move faster when it comes to adding features. Teams can have independent release schedules and don't have to worry about coordinating with other teams as much.

As long as the external interface that other microservices use to interact with the team's service stays the same, a development team could completely rewrite the system in another programming language if they wanted.

Another benefit of each service being deployed independently is that builds are faster due to each build being smaller. This means that iteration time is also improved just due to builds being faster.

Real world example - When you buy food from a restaurant you don't really care if anything changed behind the scenes as long as the food tastes good. Maybe they got new ovens or fryers, but as long as the food tastes the same you don't worry about it. As an external consumer the only thing that matters is the end product.

Faster onboarding for new hires

New employees can learn a single system to start and begin contributing. Over time they can continue learning more about the entire application but that isn't necessary right away.

Real world example - The assembly line revolutionized production by breaking things down. Instead of each employee having to know how to create an entire product from scratch, they just needed to learn the single part they worked on. This cut down on training time for new employees and allowed better scale.

Fault Tolerance

While microservices often do depend on each other to complete tasks, a properly designed microservice architecture will have built-in redundancy and fail safes to prevent failure of the entire system if another service goes down.

Often this involves retrying requests with an increasing wait period between requests or a default fallback value to return if the service isn't available.

Real world example - If Netflix's recommendation service breaks, it doesn't make sense to return a complete failure message to users. Instead Netflix could just return a default set of popular movies and in the background keep retrying the recommendation service until it is able to return the user's customized recommendations.

Flexible Scalability

Because each service is deployed independently you can also replicate and scale each service on its own. With a monolith the company would be forced to scale the entire application, despite only a single feature getting more traffic than usual.

With a microservice architecture, a company can specifically scale only the service that needs to handle more traffic, which is more efficient and can save money because it reduces wasted resources.

Real world example- Let's consider something like Cyber Monday for Amazon, way more orders than usual will be placed but most people probably already selected what they wanted and put it in their cart. So while the Orders Service will be getting way more traffic than usual, things like the Search Service and other features might be around normal usage rates.

This is especially useful if a service is particularly heavy for a certain resource and can use specialized hardware for that task.

If a service needs a ton of CPU resources but not much RAM, the company can save money by not using general purpose servers. A company using a pure monolith has no choice but to scale using "jack of all trades" type servers.

Disadvantages of Microservices

Microservices are far from perfect. Shifting from monolith to microservices eliminates some problems while creating new ones.

Overall Complexity

While each individual service is easier to understand, the entire system itself is complicated. This additional complexity led to the rise of tools like Docker and Kubernetes to abstract away as much of it as possible.

The goal of these tools is to allow software engineers to not worry about anything other than building features like they normally would, without worrying about how it all works behind the scenes.

Communication

One of the biggest issues with microservices is figuring out how they communicate with each other.

A single external request from a user might require several services working together to fulfill that request. Let's use placing an order online as an example of how this might work:

User places order in app

Load balancer forwards request to services that are available to process the request

Shopping cart service gives list of items in the order

Inventory service confirms that items are in stock

Shipping service calculates estimated cost and delivery time

Payment service confirms that customer's payment is valid

Recommendation service uses items ordered to generate new recommendations for the customer in the future

Review service schedules an email to ask the customer to leave a review

At any of the above stages a single service failing could result in the entire order process failing or annoyance for the user, which would quickly make for some angry customers.

Handling how all these services interact and deal with partial failures is a huge challenge with microservice architectures.

Handling Data

One of the most difficult challenges with microservices is how to handle requests that span multiple services and require making updates to data.

What happens if a request fails part way through the sequence with data updated in one service but not the rest? You don't want to bill a user but then have them not receive what they paid for because the service was down.

In a monolith you can rely on ACID transactions to rollback a database change if something goes wrong. With microservices there is much more complexity involved with what are known as distributed transactions across services.

Development environment

Most tools were designed with monoliths in mind and development in general becomes more difficult with a microservice architecture.

Testing requires being able to simulate interactions with other services, Debugging is more difficult because things are no longer happening inside a single process, and logging must be done across multiple services.

Even something simple like trying to track why a blog is loading slowly is more difficult than you might expect.

Let's say you notice on your analytics that all of a sudden it's taking 5 seconds for pages to load on your blog. With a monolith it would be pretty easy to track down the problem, but with a microservice architecture you need specialized tools to track external requests as they are processed by different services.

Conclusion

Hopefully this article gave you a decent understanding of the what and why of microservices and an intuitive understanding of how they work, even if you don't understand all the technical details under the hood.

If you are interested in seeing future videos and articles on microservices be sure to subscribe on YouTube or follow on Twitter so you don't miss anything.

If you read this far, tweet to the author to show them you care.

#IFTTT #Feedly

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matesclever218 · 4 years ago

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Parallels For Mac Internet Explorer

Parallels Desktop for MacDeveloper(s)ParallelsStable releaseOperating systemMac OS XPlatformApple–Intel architectureAvailable inEnglish, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, German, Russian, French, Spanish, Italian, Japanese, Brazilian Portuguese, Korean, Polish, CzechTypeHypervisorLicenseProprietaryWebsitewww.parallels.com/desktop/

Parallels Desktop 14 Pro Edition and Business Edition are both priced at $99.99 per year. For testing purposes, you can download free trials of both Parallels Desktop 14 for Mac and Windows 10.

Sometimes, Mac users need to run Windows software. Maybe there’s a program you need for work that doesn’t offer a Mac version, or maybe you occasionally need to test websites in Internet Explorer. Whatever you need Windows for, Parallels is the best tool for the job.

Parallels Desktop for Mac is the easiest and most powerful application to run Windows on Mac without rebooting. Get up and running in minutes. Easily bring all of your files, applications, browser bookmarks and more from your PC to your Mac.

Parallels Desktop is the #1 choice of Mac users for over 10 years for running Windows on Mac. If you’re looking to run Internet Explorer for Windows on your Mac without rebooting, we encourage you to download a FREE 14-day trial of Parallels Desktop for Mac and get started today. Parallels Desktop for Mac is the first solution that gives Apple users the ability to run Windows, Linux or any other operating system and their critical applications at the same time as Mac OS X. Parallels Access allows you to remotely access Mac and Windows applications on your Windows Phone. This means you can use applications such as Office, iWork, Photoshop and even Internet Explorer on your mobile device.

Parallels Desktop for Mac, by Parallels, is software providing hardware virtualization for Macintosh computers with Intel processors.

1Overview

2Version 2.5

3Version 3.0

4Version 4.0

5Version 5

5.1Feature update

15Supported operating systems

Overview(edit)

Parallels, Inc. is a developer of desktop and server virtualization software.

Historical(edit)

Released on June 15, 2006, it was the first software product to bring mainstream virtualization to Macintosh computers utilizing the Apple–Intel architecture (earlier software products ran PC software in an emulated environment).

Its name initially was 'Parallels Workstation for Mac OS X', which was consistent with the company's corresponding Linux and Windows products. This name was not well received within the Mac community, where some felt that the name, particularly the term “workstation,” evoked the aesthetics of a Windows product. Parallels agreed: “Since we've got a great Mac product, we should make it look and sound like a Mac product..”, it was therefore renamed ‘Parallels Desktop for Mac’.(1)

On January 10, 2007, Parallels Desktop 3.0 for Mac was awarded “Best in Show” at MacWorld 2007.(2)

Technical(edit)

Parallels Desktop for Mac is a hardware emulation virtualization software, using hypervisor technology that works by mapping the host computer's hardware resources directly to the virtual machine's resources. Each virtual machine thus operates identically to a standalone computer, with virtually all the resources of a physical computer.(3) Because all guest virtual machines use the same hardware drivers irrespective of the actual hardware on the host computer, virtual machine instances are highly portable between computers. For example, a running virtual machine can be stopped, copied to another physical computer, and restarted.

Parallels Desktop for Mac is able to virtualize a full set of standard PC hardware, including(4)

A virtualized CPU of the same type as the host's physical processor,

ACPI compliance system,

A generic motherboard compatible with the Intel i965 chipset,

Up to 64 GB of RAM for guest virtual machines,

Up to 2 GB of video RAM (VRAM),

VGA and SVGAvideo adapter with VESA 3.0 support and OpenGL and DirectX 10.1 acceleration,

A 1.44 MB floppy drive, which can be mapped to a physical drive or to an image file,

Up to four IDE devices. This includes virtual hard drives ranging in size from 20 MB to 2 TB each and CD/DVD-ROM drives. Virtual CD/DVD-ROM drives can be mapped to either physical drives or ISO image files.

DVD/CD-ROM “pass-through” access,

Up to four serial ports that can be mapped to a pipe or to an output file,

Up to three bi-directional parallel ports, each of which can be mapped to a real port, to a real printer, or to an output file,

An Ethernet virtual network card compatible with Realtek RTL8029(AS), capable of up to 16 network interface connections,

Up to eight USB 2.0 devices and two USB 1.1 devices,

An AC'97-compatible sound card.

A 104-key Windows enhanced keyboard and a PS/2 wheel mouse.

Version 2.5(edit)

The first official release of version 2.5 was on February 27, 2007, as build 3186.

Version 2.5 brought support for USB 2.0 devices, which expanded the number of USB devices supported at native speed, including support for built-in iSight USB webcams. The amount of video RAM allocated to the guest OS was made adjustable, up to 32MB. Full featured CD/DVD drives arrived in this version, which allowed the user to burn disks directly in the virtual environment, and play any copy-protected CD or DVD as one would in Mac OS X. In addition, a shared clipboard and drag-drop support between Mac OS X and the guest OS was implemented. This version brought the ability for users with a Windows XP installation to upgrade to Windows Vista from within the VM environment.(5) A new feature known as Coherence was added, which removed the Windows chrome, desktop, and the virtualization frames to create a more seamless desktop environment between Windows and Mac OS X applications. This version also allowed users to boot their existing Boot Camp Windows XP partitions, which eliminated the need to have multiple Windows installations on their Mac. A tool called Parallels Transporter was included to allow users to migrate their Windows PC, or existing VMware or Virtual PC VMs to Parallels Desktop for Mac.

Netsys lawsuit(edit)

In 2007, the German company Netsys GmbH sued Parallels' German distributor Avanquest for copyright violation, claiming that Parallels Desktop and Parallels Workstation are directly based on a line of products called “twoOStwo” that Parallels developed on paid commission for Netsys, of which it says, Netsys has been assigned all copyrights. Additionally, the lawsuit claimed that Parallels Desktop 2.5's compatibility with “twoOStwo” showed that the two software products are run by essentially the same functional core.(6) When Netsys lost its initial urgency proceeding, it filed a new suit, in which it requested a temporary injunction from the Landgericht district court of Berlin.(7)

Version 3.0(edit)

On June 7, 2007 build 4124 was released as the first publicly available version of Desktop 3.0.

Version 3.0 retained all of the functionality from previous versions and added new features and tools. Support for DirectX 8.1 and OpenGL(8) was added, allowing Mac users to play some Windows games without the need to boot into Windows with Boot Camp.(9) A new feature called SmartSelect offers cross OS file and application integration by allowing the user to open Windows files with Mac OS X programs and vice versa. Parallels Explorer was introduced, which allows the user to browse their Windows system files in Mac OS X without actually launching Windows. A new snapshot feature was included, allowing one to restore their virtual machine environment to a previous state in case of issues. Further, Parallels added a security manager to limit the amount of interaction between the Windows and Mac OS X installations. This version included a long-awaited complete “Parallels tools'” driver suite for Linux guest operating systems. Therefore, integration between Mac OS X and Linux guest-OS's was greatly improved.(10)

Despite the addition of numerous new features, tools and added functionality, the first iteration of Parallels Desktop for Mac 3.0 was missing some of the features that Parallels had planned for it. A Parallels, Inc. representative stated at MacWorld in January 2007 that version 3.0 would bring accelerated graphics, “multi-core virtual machines/virtual SMP, some SCSI support, a more Mac-like feel, as well as a more sophisticated coherence mode, dubbed Coherence 2.0”.(11) While accelerated graphics have materialised, Coherence, as well as the overall look and feel of Parallels Desktop for Mac has only changed slightly. Also, SCSI support has not been implemented.(12)

It is currently unknown if these features have been abandoned altogether, or if they will show up in a later build of version 3.0.

Build 4560, released on July 17, 2007,(13) added an imaging tool which allowed users to add capacity to their virtual disks.

Feature update(edit)

Parallels Coherence in Exposé

Build 5160, released on September 11, 2007,(14) added some new features and updated some current features.

The release focused on updates to Coherence, with support for Exposé, window shadows, transparent windows, and the ability to overlap several Windows and Mac windows. Further, Parallels' Image Tool was updated to allow one to change their virtual hard disk format between plain and expanding.Parallels Explorer was updated to allow for one to automatically mount an offline VM hard drive to the Mac desktop. Some new features added are iPhone support in Windows, allowing iTunes in Windows to sync with it.(15) Users can now mirror desktops or other folders. Further, Mac drives can now be mapped by Windows and sound devices can now be changed ‘on the fly’. Up to 2 GB of RAM can be allocated to a virtual machine, with a total of 4 GB of RAM available.(16)

Parallels Desktop for Mac Build 5608 added support for guest Parallels Tools for Linux in the latest Linux distributions (including Ubuntu 8). It also added support for running 3D graphics in Windows virtual machines on Mac OS X Leopard 10.5.3.

Use of code from the Wine project(edit)

According to Parallels' Licensing page, Desktop for Mac version 3.0 contains Direct3D code that was originally developed by the Wineopen-source project.(17) Wine software is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License, which required Parallels to release the source code. Parallels released the modified source code on July 2, 2007, about 2 weeks after the promised release date.(18) A Parallels spokesman explained the reasons for the delay in a message on the official company blog.(19)

Version 4.0(edit)

Version 4.0, released November 11, 2008,(20) updates its GUI, adds some new features, enhances its performance by up to 50%(21) and consumes 15–30% less power than previous versions.(22) Version 4.0 is the first version that supports both 32-bit and 64-bit guest operating systems. Parallels Desktop 4.0 for Mac's 3D support includes DirectX 9.0, DirectX Pixel Shader 2.0 and OpenGL 2.0(23) as well as 256 MB video memory. It also adds support for 8 GB RAM in a virtual machine and 8-way SMP. Parallels Desktop 4.0 introduces an adaptive hypervisor, which allows users to focus the host computer's resources towards either host or the guest operating system.(24)

Parallels Desktop 4.0 for Mac adds some new features such as:

A fourth viewing mode called Modality,(20) which allows users to scale the size of an active guest operating system on the Mac's desktop

A new screenshot utility called Clips, which lets users take and share screenshots between the host and the guest operating systems.

Start Menu integration and Automatic Windows Notifications on the Apple Menu Bar.

The ability to use select voice commands(25) to remotely control the virtual machine.

The ability to start and stop a virtual machine via the iPhone. (Requires installing an iPhone application from Apple's AppStore.)

Starting with the Version 4.0 release, Parallels Desktop for Mac has a new logo, which resembles an aluminum iMac, with what appears to be Windows XP on the screen and 2 parallel red lines overlaid on the right side.

Feature update(edit)

Build 3810, released January 9, 2009,(26) includes performance enhancements and features, such as DirectX 9.0 Shaders Model 2 and Vertex Shader support for additional 3D support Intel Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE4) for better media applications performance. Build 3810 also adds support for running Windows 7 in a VM and for running Mac OS X Snow Leopard Server as either a host or as a guest OS.(27)

Also included are usability features such as the ability to share Windows files by dragging them directly to a Mac application in the Mac Dock. Windows can now also automatically start in the background when a user opens a Windows application on the Mac desktop. Version 4.0 drew criticism for problems upgrading from Version 3.0 shortly after its initial release.(28) Build 3810 also addresses installation and upgrade issues previously experienced with Version 4.0 and introduces the option to enroll in the company's new Customer Experience Program, which lets customers provide information about their preferences and user priorities.

Version 5(edit)

Officially released on November 4, 2009, Parallels Desktop 5 adds several new features, mainly to improve integration with the host OS.

New features include:

3D graphics and speed improvements

Optimized for Mac OS X 10.6 (Snow Leopard)

Support for Windows 7

Theming of Windows applications to make them look like native applications

Support for Multi-Touch gestures (from a trackpad or Magic Mouse) and the Apple Remote

The ability to drag and drop formatted text and images between Windows, Linux, and Mac applications,

The ability for a system administrator to lock down a virtual machine so that users can't change the state of the virtual machine,

Support for OpenGL 2.1 for Linux guest virtual machines.

Support for DirectX 9c with Shader Model 3.

Feature update(edit)

Build 9308, released on December 21, 2009, added some new features.(29)

Linux guest operating systems(edit)

Parallels Tools support Xorg 1.7 in Fedora 12 virtual machines (experimental)

Parallels Tools support Mandriva 2010 (experimental)

OpenSUSE 11.1 installation media auto detection

Virtualization(edit)

Improved performance for USB mass storage.

Windows guest operating systems(edit)

Parallels For Mac Activation Key

Improved resume from suspend in virtual machines with multiple monitors assigned.

Improved performance for file access via Shared Folders.

3D and video(edit)

Parallels

Improved performance for video playback in Windows Vista and Windows 7.

Windows Aero is not available by default for machines with Intel GMA X3100 and GMA 950 graphic adapters (some MacBook and Mac Mini models). It is available on MacBooks with NVIDIA 9400M graphics cards.(30)

Vertical synchronization is now configurable. You can configure these settings using the corresponding option in the virtual machine video configuration page.

Improved 3D performance for the video game Mirror's Edge.

macOS Server guest operating system(edit)

The ability to pass kernel options to the macOS Server guest OS has been added. To do so, enable the 'Select boot device on startup' option in the virtual machine configuration, which will enable you to specify the necessary kernel options in the 5-second timeout before booting the kernel.

Version 6(edit)

Officially announced on September 9, 2010 and launched on September 14, 2010, Parallel 6 has full 64-bit support for the first time. Parallels claims that Parallels Desktop 6 for Mac '(has) over 80 new and improved features, including speed 40% above the previous version.' Specific new features include:

An all-new 64-bit engine

5.1 Surround Sound support

Better import implementation of VMware, Virtual PC virtual machines and Boot Camp partitions

Improved network, hard drive and Transporter performance

Windows program Spotlight integration

Faster Windows launch time

Enhanced 3D graphics that are 40% better than previous versions

Ability to extend Mac OS X Parental Controls to Windows applications

Ability to use Mac OS X keyboard shortcuts in Windows applications

Enhanced Spaces and Exposé support

Version 7(edit)

Officially announced on September 1, 2011 and released on September 6, 2011, Parallels Desktop 7 adds many new features. These include:

Integration with OS X 10.7.4 'Lion':

Full-screen support

Use of Launchpad for Windows apps

Mission Control support

Lion as a guest OS

Lion animations support

Improved user interface

New standard help and documentation

Shared devices with Mac OS X

Longer battery life

Mac OS X parental controls support

Support for Intel AES-NI encryption

Enhanced performance and 3D graphics

Support for up to 1GB video memory in virtual machine

Enhanced audio support - up to 192 kHz

Surround sound 7.1

Added support for Windows 7

Version 8(edit)

Officially announced August 22, 2012 and released September 4, 2012, Parallels Desktop 8 adds many new features:

OS X 10.8 'Mountain Lion' as a guest OS

Retina resolution can be passed to virtual machines

Windows 7 and Windows 8 automatically optimised for best experience on Retina

Parallels Desktop notifications

Notification Center support for Windows 8 toast notifications

Mountain Lion Dictation in Windows apps

Full screen on demand for Windows applications in Coherence

Presentation Wizard

Open in Internet Explorer button for Safari

Drag & drop file to Outlook in the Dock opens new email with attachment

Multi-language Keyboard Sync in Mac and Windows

Full support for new Modern UI Windows 8 applications (Dock, Mission Control, Launchpad)

Reworked Keyboard shortcuts preferences

Use the standard OS X system preferences to set Parallels Desktop application shortcuts.

Resources (CPU/RAM) monitoring

Indication for VM hard drive space usage

Shared Bluetooth

Improved Virtual Machine boot time/Windows boots time are up to 25% faster than previous version

Pause & resume Windows up to 25% faster than previous version

Input/output (I/O) operations are up to 35% faster than previous version

Games run up to 30% faster than previous version

DirectX 10 support

Full USB 3.0 support for faster connections to peripheral devices for Virtual Machines starting from Parallels Desktop 8.0.18305 <http://kb.parallels.com/en/115008>

Version 9(edit)

Officially announced on August 29, 2013 and released on September 5, 2013, Parallels Desktop 9 for Mac includes these new features and enhancements:

Brings back the 'real' Start menu for Windows 8 and enables Modern apps in separate windows instead of full screen

Power Nap support, so applications stay up-to-date on Retina Display Mac and MacBook Air computers

Thunderbolt and Firewire storage devices are designated to connect to Windows virtual machine

Sticky Multi-monitor setup remembers settings and puts Windows virtual machines back into Full Screen mode on the remote monitor

Sync iCloud, SkyDrive, Dropbox and more without unnecessary duplication of files

Windows apps can launch the OS X Mountain Lion Dictionary with Dictionary gesture

Enhanced integration with MacOS for Linux users

Enhanced New Virtual Machine Wizard makes it easier to set up a new virtual machine, especially on computers without hard drives

PDF printer for Windows to print from any Windows application to a PDF on the Mac desktop, even if the application doesn't have that functionality

Compatibility with OS X 10.9 'Mavericks'

Easily install and access complimentary security software subscriptions from one location

Up to 40% better disk performance than previous versions

Virtual machines shut down up to 25% faster and suspend up to 20% faster than with Parallels Desktop 8

3D graphics and web browsing are 15% faster than in Parallels Desktop 8

Enterprise version:

Set an expiration date for the virtual machine.

Run virtual machines in headless mode.

Start virtual machines on Mac boot.

Version 10(edit)

Released August 20, 2014, Parallels Desktop 10 for Mac includes support for OS X 10.10 'Yosemite'.(31)

Less than a year after release of its release, Parallels spokesperson John Uppendahl confirmed version 10 will not be fully compatible with Windows 10. The coherence mode, which integrates the Windows user interface with OS X, will not be updated and users will need to purchase and upgrade to version 11 to continue using this feature.(32)

Version 11(edit)

Released August 19, 2015, Parallels Desktop 11 for Mac includes support for Windows 10 and is ready for OS X 10.11 'El Capitan'.(33)

Parallels Desktop 14 Crack Parallels Desktop 13 Crack: Not all the requests are developed to run on different operating systems and, as a result, if you need to run Windows programs on your Mac, for example, you have to use an emulator. It is easy to install the application that offers you the possibility to run different operating systems on your Mac. Some college and office worker mostly use Parallels Desktop 13 Registration Code’ Unlike dual-boot solutions, in which users must completely shut down Mac OS X and endure a full OS start-up cycle to access a critical application, empowers users with the ability to run important Windows programs like Outlook, Access, Internet Explorer and all other applications without having to give up the usability and functionality of their Mac OS X machine even for a few minutes. Parallels desktop 8 for mac download.

Parallels Desktop 11 for Mac is available as a one-time purchase of $79.99 for the Desktop edition, and as an annual subscription of $99.99 for Pro edition.(34) Version 11 has multiple issues with macOS 10.13, High Sierra. The website currently offers a full price upgrade to Version 13 as a correction, effectively making this version obsolete with the macOS upgrades.(35)

Version 12(edit)

Released August 18, 2016.(36)

Version 13(edit)

Released August 22, 2017,(37) Parallels Desktop 13 for Mac provides macOS High Sierra readiness and support for upcoming Windows 10 features. According to Parallels, the new version makes it simple for MacBook Pro users to add Windows applications to the Touch Bar, and to use the Touch Bar within Windows applications. It is also the first solution to bring the upcoming Windows 10 People Bar feature to the Mac, including integration with the Mac Dock and Spotlight. The new version also features up to 100 percent performance improvements for completing certain tasks. The update also brings in a slightly refreshed UI to better match macOS and visual improvements for Windows users on Retina displays.(38)

Version 14(edit)

Released August 21, 2018, Parallels Desktop 14 supports macOS 10.14 'Mojave'.(39)

Supported operating systems(edit)

Parallels Desktop for Mac Business, Home and Pro Editions requires these versions of MacOS:(40)

Parallels Desktop VersionMacintosh OS host version141312111098765432.5macOS 10.14 'Mojave'10.14✓macOS 10.13 'High Sierra'10.13✓✓✓AB✓ABmacOS 10.12 'Sierra'10.12✓✓✓✓10.11✓✓✓✓✓10.10✓✓✓✓✓10.9✓✓✓✓10.8✓✓✓10.7.5

10.7.0

✓✓✓

✓

OS X 10.6 'Snow Leopard' &10.6.8

10.6.3

10.6.0

✓✓✓

✓

OS X 10.5 'Leopard' &10.5.8

10.5.2

✓✓

✓

OS X 10.4 'Tiger' &10.4.11

10.4.6

✓✓

✓

Parallels Desktop 11 and 12 only partially support macOS 'High Sierra':

A Coherence Mode windows may appear under MacOS windows, and some graphics artifacts may occur.

B Neither Parallels Desktop 11 nor 12 fully support APFS disks, including virtual disks and Boot Camp partitions. Therefore, a 'High Sierra' guest machine must be installed 'manually' by passing the '--converttoapfs NO' command line switch, and cannot use the automated Parallels virtual machine creation process.

Guest(edit)

In Parallels Desktop 10 for Mac, support for guest operating systems includes a variety of 32-bit and 64-bit x86 operating systems, including:(40)

Multiple versions of Windows, including Windows 8 and Windows 8.1 (Windows 8.1 must generally be installed from a DVD, since Microsoft offered only the '.exe' version of Windows 8.1 in downloadable form, and did not offer the '.iso' version as a download (Microsoft has released an ISO version of Windows 8.1 a few months earlier)).

Mac OS X Leopard Server, Snow Leopard Server, and Mac OS X Lion (only with Mac OS X Lion as host OS)

Various Linux distributions

eComStation, OS/2, Solaris