#ICT framework

[neilsblog]

Empowering Digital Transformation: How QKS Group's LEAP Framework Drives Innovation and Success

QKS Group, formerly known as Quadrant Knowledge Solutions, stands as a global leader in the advisory and research space, specializing in over 220 technology markets. With a focus on empowering both technology innovators and adopters, QKS Group facilitates impactful digital transformation journeys through insightful strategies and informed decision-making. By employing its proprietary LEAP…

[gulfbusinessdevelopment]

How ICT & ELV Systems Enhance Operational Efficiency?

While pricing shouldn't be the only consideration, it's crucial to identify a business that provides high-quality services at reasonable costs.

Make sure you are receiving value for your money by comparing the specific quotations you receive. Modern infrastructure must include ELV and ICT installations since they increase operational efficiency, communication, and security. Selecting the best installation business requires assessing their cost-effectiveness, technical expertise, experience, service offering, and customer support.

You can guarantee that the electronic and communication systems in your building are strong, dependable, and future-proof by making an informed choice, which will open the door to seamless and effective operations. For ICT and ELV installations, you can deal with the top hardware and networking company in Qatar for ICT and ELV Systems .

[oneictskills]

ICT Skills | An Online Live IT Training

ICT skills gives Live Online IT Training with job-oriented computer courses in India, We provide online programming certificate courses like Python, Java, Kotlin, C language, C plus plus, We serve online live full-stack Web Development Project Training programme such as Full stack framework based training with Django, Laravel, WordPress, PHP, Java, Node js, React JS, Mongo DB, Express js and as per student requirement, We (ictskills.in) give training on various field like online live UI-UX Design, Digital Marketing, Graphic Design, Web Design with essential tools HTML, CSS, SASS, Photoshop, illustrator, Canva, Figma, Indesign, Javascript with ES6, CorelDraw, Publisher, ICT gives live classes for basic to advanced skills in Word, Excel, Powerpoint, English, Hindi, Gujarati typing and as per school or college computer subject syllabus training in INDIA and World-Wide, We are teaching with Gujarati, Hindi, English language.

ICT Skills delivered training by a live instructor, in real-time. Virtually is training the student receives or accesses over the internet rather than being physically in the classroom with the instructor, We give Government authorized certificate to student. We conducted IT courses via the Internet. We are generally conducted through a learning management system, in which students can view their course syllabus and interact with instructor.

Enroll for Best Online IT Training | ICT Skills India

Contact Details: Ahmedabad, India Call: 09499569596 E-mail: oneictskills@gmail.com Website: www.ictskills.in Instagram Id: @oneictskills

#ictskillsin #oneictskills #ictskills #ict #institute #computer #ittraining #courses #india #ahmedabad #gujarati #hindi #english #liveclass #class #onlineclasses #stayhome #onlineclass #cbseclass #live #onlinecoaching #engineering #cbse #icse #designing #school #college #professional #ictweb #ict_ahmedabad

[frank-olivier]

The Quantum Arrow of Time: Insights from Superconducting Circuits

Quantum mechanics, at its core, is governed by equations that are time-symmetric. This means that if you were to reverse the direction of time in these equations, they would still hold true. For example, Schrödinger's equation, which describes how quantum states evolve over time, is symmetric with respect to time reversal. This symmetry implies that, theoretically, any quantum process could occur in reverse. However, the act of measurement introduces a crucial asymmetry. When a quantum system is measured, it collapses into one of its possible states, a process known as wave function collapse. This collapse is inherently probabilistic and introduces an element of irreversibility. Once a measurement is made, the system cannot spontaneously revert to its prior superposition of states—this is where the arrow of time becomes evident.

The statistical arrow of time emerges from the likelihoods associated with forward and backward processes. In experiments involving quantum systems like superconducting circuits or ultracold atoms, researchers can capture sequences of quantum states—akin to making "movies" of quantum behavior. By analyzing these sequences, scientists can determine the probability of observing a particular sequence in forward versus reverse order. Fluctuation theorems provide a quantitative framework for understanding irreversibility in quantum systems. They relate the probabilities of forward and backward processes and show that while individual events might appear reversible, the overall statistical distribution favors a forward direction. This statistical bias is what gives rise to the arrow of time in quantum measurements.

Irreversibility in quantum measurements is closely tied to information dynamics. When a measurement is performed, information about the system's state is extracted and recorded. This extraction process increases entropy and creates an irreversible change. The strength of the measurement correlates with the degree of irreversibility: stronger measurements lead to more definitive state collapses and greater irreversibility. In some experiments, it has been shown that the arrow of time in quantum systems is more closely related to information exchange than energy dissipation. This suggests a fundamental link between information theory and thermodynamics at the quantum level.

These insights into quantum measurement and the arrow of time have profound implications for our understanding of time itself. They suggest that while at a fundamental level, physical laws do not distinguish between past and future, the act of measurement—and by extension observation—imposes a directionality on time.

Kater Murch: The Arrow of Time in Quantum Measurement (ICTS, July 2017)

Friday, September 20, 2024

[kingsignal-1225]

Ultimate Guide to PCB Testing Methods: Ensuring Quality and Reliability in Your Circuits

In the electronics sector, Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are the life-lines of virtually all gadgets that are in use in the modern society. From humble home appliances to gigantic industrial equipment, PCBs are the skeletal framework of hardware organization and connection of circuit elements. It is vital to guarantee the quality and dependability of these fundamental parts – thus enters PCB testing methods. It is our hope that this extensive hand will help identify the most suitable test strategies for PCB testing, why these techniques matter, and how to maximize your circuits’ functionality.

Introduction

Firstly, an increase in the capability of different electronic devices leads to higher necessary requirements to the PCBs used in their production. Performing tests on the PCBs is an essential step in the manufacturing process done to confirm that a given board performs as a unit to the expected levels. This guide aims at explaining various techniques of PCB testing with a view of having a better understanding on how to achieve quality and reliability on the circuits.

Why PCB Testing is Crucial

PCB Testing When it comes to the potential defects on PCBs, there are shorts, opens, and some component placements. They can cause device failure, decline in performance level, and sometimes also pose safety issues. Through high-quality testing regimes, it becomes easier to address problems before they reach the customer, and thus manufacturers will have reliable and efficient products. Key reasons for PCB testing include:

Detecting Manufacturing Defects: Solder bridges, missing and placed in wrong position components, all can be detected in the initial stages easily.

Ensuring Functionality: Ensuring that the PCB does what is wanted and needed when it is in use, and under several conditions.

Quality Assurance: Ensuring that the business meets industry standards, and what clients require of them.

Cost Efficiency: Decreasing the likelihood of rework and recall by identifying possible defects before they get to the customer.

Types of PCB Testing Methods

These are the types of PCB Testing Methods:

Visual Inspection

Technique one as also referred to as the VI or visual inspection is the simplest and basic type of testing done on PCBs. The technique entails inspecting the board with naked eyes for some of the common faults including solder bridges, missing parts, and misalignment issues.

Automated Optical Inspection (AOI)

AOI employs cameras and software algorithms to check PCBs for defects and performs the inspections singly. This method of inspection is far more efficient than the manual inspection and simultaneously versatile enough to identify numerous problems.

X-ray Inspection

Some functions which include examination of features of BPCs that could not be easily inspected include solder joints under components through x-ray inspection. It is especially effective in inspecting defects in BGA (Ball Grid Array) and other various packages as well.

In-Circuit Testing (ICT)

ICT entails applying different voltage across the PCB to checks on the electrical characteristics of the needy part and connections. The use of this method is highly recommended for the identification of functional problems and verification of the circuit’s goodness.

Functional Testing (FCT)

Functional testing evaluates the effectiveness of the PCB pointing to the fact that it can be tested when placed in use. This method enables the certification of that the PCB works as expected under actual environment.

Flying Probe Testing

In flying probe testing, the probes are moved around to test the electrical properties of the created PCB. Lower to medium volume production runs can be made easily by using this technique; hence it is advantageous in this regard.

Boundary Scan Testing

Boundary scan testing also called as JTAG testing extends test circuitry into all the components for testing the connections between them. Although, this method is very efficient for identifying connection problems and faults.

Burn-In Testing

Burn-in testing puts the PCB in a state of operational stress for a long time to capture early-life failures. This aspect makes the method reliable for the long term since it is likely to identify problems that may occur when the equipment is in use for a long time.

Detailed Analysis of Each Testing Method works

These are the detailed analysis of each testing method works:

Visual Inspection

Pros:

Simple and low-cost

Determined to be a system for the reporting of noticeable defects as soon as they are observed.

Cons:

Time-consuming for complex boards

Limited to visible defects

Automated Optical Inspection (AOI)

Pros:

Fast and accurate

Is capable of detecting various kinds of defects.

Non-destructive

Cons:

High initial setup cost

May need to have better settings optimized for specific boards.

X-ray Inspection

Pros:

Examines hidden features

Ideal for complex packages

Cons:

Expensive equipment

Requires skilled operators

In-Circuit Testing (ICT)

Pros:

Thorough electrical testing

High fault coverage

Cons:

Requires custom fixtures

Not for all the boards or servers that you wish to build.

Functional Testing (FCT)

Pros:

Ensures real-world performance

Detects system-level issues

Cons:

Time-consuming

The mathematical test object can involve complex arrangements of test configurations.

Flying Probe Testing

Pros:

Flexible and adaptable

Cost-effective for small batches

Cons:

Slower than ICT for big volumes

Applicable only when the board is specially designed

Boundary Scan Testing

Pros:

Interconnections have high fault coverage.

Said; No need to have physical access to the test points

Cons:

Requires boundary scan-enabled components

Complex setup

Burn-In Testing

Pros:

Identifies early-life failures

Ensures long-term reliability

Cons:

Time-consuming and costly

Perhaps stressful to the board

Choosing the Right Testing Method

The choice of the appropriate method of PCB testing can be influenced by several factors such as the level of complexity of the PCB and the numbers of boards to be tested as well as the actual costs of the testing process and other features. Consider the following when choosing a testing method:

Board Complexity: Great board densities or component placement can be a determinant as to whether one needs AOI or X-ray inspection.

Production Volume: Applications that are characterized by high volumes can be easily facilitated by ICT while the low to medium volume applications may require flying probe testing.

Budget: Both manual inspection and AOI are favorable for various production volumes, while X-ray and ICT are more expensive at the beginning.

Specific Requirements: There are two types of the test, namely Functional Test and Burn-In Test that should be made so as to attain the long term reliability in applications that are critical.

Best Practices for PCB Testing

Using the best techniques in testing PCBs increases the quality and reliability of the circuits that you are working on. Here are some key practices to follow:

Early Testing: It is recommended to carry out the tests when the product is still in its design and manufacturing phase so that problems can be noted earlier before they reach a very catastrophic level.

Automate Where Possible: Use method such as automation to reduce the time and improve on the quality of the testing.

Regular Calibration: It is necessary to check if all the testing equipment used for calibration are accurate.

Comprehensive Coverage: This way, you will be able to ensure that there are no defects that are not tested as the best testing approach combines all types of testing methods.

Document Everything: Ensure that you keep records of the tests performed, the results obtained, as well as any measures taken to correct the breaches.

Common Challenges and How to Overcome Them

These are the common challenges and how to overcome them:

False Positives/Negatives

Automated testing methods maybe good some times, they give you the results that are either positive or negative and this will lead to unnecessary rework or more alarming leaving critical defects unfound. In order to avoid this, make sure that testing algorithms and testing equipment are updated and fine-tuned from time to time.

Component Access

Some of the testing techniques involve handling parts of the circuit and with high density board this can be very difficult. Some of the ways in which testbench implementation can be avoided are as follows Boundary scan testing and X-ray inspection.

High Costs

Some form of testing such as X-ray and ICT testing is often very costly. The effectiveness must come with reasonable prices; try to combine some of the mentioned approaches to cover all the aspects without spending too much money.

Future Trends in PCB Testing

About the future, it can be stated that its trends will be in fact linked to the tendencies in technologies and expectations towards ever higher quality and quantity of tested PCBs. Key trends to watch include:

AI and Machine Learning: Using of intelligence algorithms and machine learning in testing algorithms to enhance the efficiency and the minimization of false negative or false positives.

IoT and Smart Manufacturing: Higher testing flexibility and opportunities for the continuous test process supervision.

Advanced Imaging Techniques: The need for better techniques that would enhance the detection of defects within a printed circuit.

Environmental Stress Testing: More focus in the testing of PCBs under different environmental pressures in order to improve on its longevity.

Conclusion

Quality and reliability of packaged circuits have to be maintained to contribute positively in any electronic equipment. This paper seeks to explain the common testing techniques for PCB so that PCB manufacturers are able to test and see if they are free from defects and if they are functional. This ultimate guide will give you a full insight on the available options in PCB testing that will enable you make the best decision that will give you perfect circuits.

The aim is to help you understand how to attain the best quality of PCBs, what methods are worth following, and what trends drive future improvements, thus contributing to the quality of the final electronic products and, consequently, consumer satisfaction.

[jordanianroyals]

4 March 2024: Crown Prince Hussein chaired the opening session of the second Jordan-US Cyber and Digital Dialogue.   In his opening remarks attended by Prince Feisal and US Deputy National Security Adviser, Cyber and Emerging Technology Anne Neuberger, Crown Prince Hussein highlighted the importance of cooperation between the two countries in the field of cyber and digital security, citing links to national security interests of both countries.   The Crown Prince said the dialogue coincides with the marking of 75 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between Jordan and the United States.

HRH said complex cyber threats are growing globally, which necessitates further cooperation and coordination between all stakeholders from both sides, citing the dialogue as an important and strategic means to enhance efforts and strengthen the partnership between the two countries.

The Crown Prince said transformations in regional and international security demand a faster response to emerging technology-related threats.   His Royal Highness also highlighted the need to utilise the latest technologies, building the capacities of those working in cybersecurity, and matching national frameworks with international standards.   The dialogue, which featured the participation of officials and experts from both countries, covered means of enhancing cooperation in cybersecurity, countering cyber threats, and developing ICT systems.   The first Jordan-US Cyber and Digital Dialogue was held last year in Washington, DC, with both sides agreeing to hold it on an annual basis.

[ictlsg23]

SESSION 1. INTRODUCTION TO INFOCOMM TECH LAW IN SINGAPORE

OPTIONAL READING: ICT LAW IN SINGAPORE CHAPTER 1

OPTIONAL REFERENCES: LAW AND TECH IN SINGAPORE CHAPTERS 1-3

A. COURSE DESCRIPTION AND OBJECTIVE

New economies have emerged within the last two decades including digital models of transaction and disruptive innovation. Internet intermediaries generally are taking on a major role as facilitators of commercial and non-commercial transactions online. These include social networking platforms (e.g. Facebook, IG and Twitter), multimedia sharing platforms (e.g. YouTube, Apple Music and Spotify), search engines and news aggregators (e.g. Yahoo, Google), content hosts and storage facilities (e.g. Dropbox) and many others. Content generating platforms such as TikTok have also become popular even as cybersecurity concerns and other misgivings have emerged at the governmental level in some jurisdictions.

In the last few years, the use of Internet of Things (IoT) have become quite common in advanced economies, the latest being wearable devices for the 'Metaverse' and an even more immersive experience in the digital realm. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is also becoming more visible at the workplace and at home, leading to ethical concerns and a slate of guidelines globally to 'govern' its development and deployment. Most recently, interest in generative AI (GAI) emerged from the successful launch of chatGPT and other similar services.

Policies and laws have been adapted to deal with the roles and functions of Internet intermediaries, IoT and AI devices and services, and their potential effects and impact on society. Regulators in every jurisdiction are faced with the challenge to manage the new economy and players, and to balance the interest of multiple parties, in the context of areas of law including intellectual property, data protection, privacy, cloud technology and cyber-security. Different types of safe harbour laws and exceptions have emerged to protect these intermediaries and putting in place special obligations; while some forms of protections have been augmented to protect the interests of other parties including content providers and creators as well as society at large. Students taking this course will examine the legal issues and solutions arising from transactions through the creation and use of digital information, goods and services ('info') as well as the use of non-physical channels of communication and delivery ('comm').

The technological developments from Web 1.0 to 2.0 and the future of Web 3.0 with its impact on human interaction and B2B/B2C commerce as well as e-governance will be examined in the context of civil and criminal law, both in relation to the relevance of old laws and the enactment of new ones. In particular, this course examines the laws specifically arising from and relating to electronic transactions and interaction and their objectives and impact on the individual vis-à-vis other parties. Students will be taken through the policy considerations and general Singapore legislations and judicial decisions on the subject with comparisons and reference to foreign legislation where relevant.

In particular, electronic commerce and other forms of transactions will be studied with reference to the Electronic Transactions Act (2010) and the Singapore domain name framework supporting access to websites; personal data privacy and protection will be studied with reference to the Personal Data Protection Act of 2012 and the Spam Control Act; the challenges and changes to tort law to deal with online tortious conduct will be analysed (e.g. cyber-harassment under the Protection from Harassment Act (2014) and online defamation in the context of online communication); the rights and liabilities relating to personal uses of Internet content and user-generated content will be considered with reference to the Copyright Act (2021); computer security and crimes will be studied with reference to the Computer Misuse Act (2017) and the Cybersecurity Act (2018); and last, but not least, Internet regulation under the Broadcasting Act and its regulations as well as the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act (2019), the Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act (2021) and the Online Criminal Harms Bill (2021) will be critically evaluated.

You will note from the above paragraph that there have been an acceleration in the enactment of ICT laws and amendments in recent years, which shows the renewed focus of the government and policy-makers when it comes to the digital economy and society (as we move towards a SMART Nation). This is happening not online in Singapore, but abroad as well. In such an inter-connected work with porous jurisdiction when it comes to human interaction and commercial transactions, we have to be aware of global trends and, in some cases, the laws of other jurisdictions as well. When it is relevant, foreign laws will also be canvassed as a comparison or to contrast the approach to a specific problem. Projects are a good way to approach in greater depth.

B. CLASS PREPARATION FOR SESSION 1

In preparation for this session, use the online and library resources that you are familiar with to answer the following questions in the Singapore context (and for foreign/exchange students, in the context of your respective countries):

What are the relevant agencies and their policies on ICT?

What are the areas of law that are most impacted by ICT?

What is the government's position on Artificial Intelligence?

What are the latest legal developments on this field?

Also, critically consider the analysis and recommendations made in the report on Applying Ethical Principles for Artificial Intelligence in Regulatory Reform, SAL Law Reform Committee, July 2020. Evaluate it against the second version of the Model AI Governance Framework from the IMDA. Also, look at the Discussion Paper on GAI released on 6 June 2023. Take note of this even as we embark on the ‘tour’ of disparate ICT topics from Session 2 onwards, and the implications for each of those areas of law that will be covered in class.

C. ASSESSMENT METHOD AND GRADING DISTRIBUTION

Class Participation 10% (individually assessed)

Group Project 30% (group assessed)

Written Exam 60% (2 hour open book examination)

This course will be fully conducted in the classroom setting. Project groups will be formed by week 2, projects will be assigned from week 3, and presentations will begin from week 4 with written assignments to be due for submission a weeks after presentation. Further details and instructions will be given after the groups are formed, but before the first project assignment.

D. RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOK AND READINGS

The main textbook is: Warren B. Chik & Saw Cheng Lim, Information and Communications Technology Law in Singapore (Academy Publishing, Law Practice Series, July 2020). You can purchase the book (both physical and electronic copies) from the Singapore Academy of Law Publishing (ask for the student discount). If you prefer, there are copies available in the reserves section of the Law Library that you can use. The other useful reference will be: Chesterman, Goh & Phang, Law and Technology in Singapore (Academy Publishing, Law Practice Series, September 2021).

Due to the rapid pace of development in the law in some areas of analysis, students will also be given instructions and pre-assigned readings via this blog one week before each lesson. Students need only refer to the SMU eLearn website for administrative information such as the Project Schedule and the Grade Book as well as to share project papers and presentation materials. Students will be expected to analyse legislative provisions and/or cases that are indicated as required reading for each week.

Free access to the local legislation and subsidiary legislation may be found at the Singapore Statutes Online website at: https://sso.agc.gov.sg. 

Local cases are accessible through the Legal Workbench in Lawnet. The hyperlink can be found under the Law Databases column on the SMU Library’s Law Research Navigator at: http://researchguides.smu.edu.sg/LAW. 

Other online secondary legal materials on Singapore law that you may find useful include Singapore Law Watch (http://www.singaporelawwatch.sg) and Singapore Law SG (https://www.singaporelawblog.sg). 

There are also other secondary resources made available from the SMU Library when doing research for your projects such as the many other digital databases available from the LRN (e.g. Lexis, Westlaw and Hein online that are all available under the Law Databases column) and the books and periodicals that are available on the library shelves.

[smqazi]

EQUALITY, FREEDOM, AND JUSTICE 

IN SO CALLED ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN, 

WHICH IS NEITHER ISLAMIC NOR REPUBLIC, 

UNFORTUNATELY!

We must stand firm against rising intolerance 

and build a future of dignity, security, 

justice and human rights for all.

—UN Secretary-General António Guterres

The year 2025 appears to be an especially difficult year to celebrate human rights day, but then again, which year is not difficult. Whether it is a violation against an individual or a mass atrocity in a war, the current state of the global human rights agenda should leave us all gravely concerned, but always vigilant. If anything, it is precisely in these turbulent times that our collective resolve must focus on reimagining — and ultimately realizing — a future where dignity, security, justice and human rights are not just ideals, but realities for everyone. This International Human Rights Day, as we commemorate 75 years since the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), it is incumbent upon all of us to reflect on the journey thus far and the road ahead, especially for nations like Pakistan.

On December 10, 1948, in the aftermath of World War II’s devastation, and three years of the adoption of the 1945 United Nations (UN) Charter, nations came together again to unanimously adopt a declaration with a promise to future generations: a world where the horrors of war and the pain of injustice would not be repeated. Building on the opening words of the UN Charter “…to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person…to practice tolerance and live in peace with one another as good neighbors…”, the UDHR establishes range of fundamentals that form the bedrock of human dignity and freedom.

These rights include, but are not limited to, protection from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment; the right to freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief; the freedoms of opinion and expression, association and peaceful assembly; the right to form and join trade unions, and others. There is no quid-pro-quo on fundamental rights, nor are these rights considered privileges. Rather, they are recognized as inherent at birth, irrespective of nationality or allegiance.

It was clear, therefore, to the founders of the United Nations that any prospects for enduring peace and security could only be guaranteed when human rights were embraced and respected, with the primacy of individual human dignity at the centre of a universal framework all nations would observe.

Rather than being a static snapshot of the state of the world 75 years ago, the UDHR’s universal principles have inspired over seventy human rights treaties since 1948. Its relevance today is as significant as it was 75 years ago, perhaps even more so in a world where forces — large and small, individual and institutional — repeatedly and unashamedly stray away those very principles. That is why commemorations, like this 75th of the UHDR, are moment to pause and collectively reflect on how to get back on course.

In Pakistan, the UDHR has laid the foundation for an evolving human rights framework, particularly focusing on vulnerable groups such as women, children and persons with disabilities. As an original signatory to the UHDR in 1948 and subsequently signing seven core human rights treaties, and as a current member of the Human Rights Council, Pakistan has shown a clear political commitment to these universal values. These legally binding treaties place a critical responsibility on the state to ensure that the rights enshrined therein are not violated, and where violations do take place, adequate mechanisms for redressal of these violations are available. Recent legislative reforms, like the Zainab Alert, Response and Recovery Act, the ICT Child Protection Act of 2018, and the Juvenile Justice System Act of 2018, all signify Pakistan’s efforts toward fulfilling its human rights obligations.

Yet, like others, Pakistan’s journey is far from complete. A look at equitable access to basic services and inclusion will reveal as much. UNDP’s 2021 National Human Development Report reveals alarming statistics: only 6% of Pakistan’s youth have access to higher education, while a staggering 29% have no access to education at all. Approximately 9.45 million children are not enrolled in primary schools despite Pakistan’s constitutional commitment to free and universal education. Gender disparity is another critical issue, affecting 39% of young people. The digital divide among women and men further exacerbates these inequalities, with just 50% of women owning a mobile phone compared to 81% of men. This ratio is equivalent to 22 million fewer women than men owning a mobile phone. Women in Pakistan are 49% less likely to use mobile internet than men, which translates into 12 million fewer women than men using mobile internet. This means women and girls in Pakistan face significantly disproportionate limitation in their ability to benefit from the opportunities provided by digital transformation. Furthermore, a mere 4% of the country’s youth are actively seeking employment and 57% remaining disconnected from employment opportunities.

Any reflection on Human Rights and UDHR must also acknowledge the need to continuously advocate for expanding, not shrinking, civic space. Protected under Article 17 of Pakistan’s Constitution, this space is courageously filled with national human rights institutions and commissions, with civil society organizations and an array of individual human rights defenders and champions fighting for women and children, for environmental justice, for laborers, for the transgender community, for access to information and freedom of expression, for persons with disabilities, for religious tolerance and more. International Human Rights Day is a potent reminder of the crucial significance of and need for committed protection of the civil society by the state under its national and international human rights obligations.

These challenges underscore the urgent need for renewed focus and action. As Pakistan approaches its General Election in 2024, it is an opportune moment to press upon leaders and stakeholders the importance of reinvigorating Pakistan’s commitments enshrined in the UDHR. This is not just a call for policy change but a call to embrace the UDHR as a living document that underpins the achievement of the Pakistan’s Sustainable Development.

Seventy-five years ago, the world came together to declare that human dignity, freedom and justice are universal, and non-negotiable. Today, as we face cascading challenges, re-committing to the UHDR offers a clear pathway that translates charters and treaties to realities.

________

[ditacademy]

Top IT Skills in Demand Today and How to Learn Them

In the whirlwind world of technology, IT skills are not a luxury—they are a necessity. Whether you want to land your first job, change careers, or just keep up in your current position, knowing which IT skills are sought after can give you a clear competitive edge.

At DIT Academy, we strongly believe that the needs of the tech industry keep changing. For that reason, our courses are constantly designed in alignment with real-world knowledge and hands-on experience. Let's check out some of the most demanded IT skills currently and learn how to master them with our professional training programs.

1. Digital Marketing Skills

The advance of businesses into online operations has rendered digital marketing an essential tool in their growth strategy. Skills like SEO, social media marketing, PPC advertising, content creation, and analysis are sought by companies attempting to grow digitally.

How to learn this:

 Our Digital Marketing Course teaches all important facets, including Google Ads, SEO tools, Meta Ads, email marketing, and analytics platforms. Learn from industry experts with practical assignments and live campaign experiences.

2. Software Testing and Quality Assurance

If software is to function correctly, testing must somehow come into play. Companies look for bug tracking and various testing skills when hiring QA engineers: be it manual testing or automation.

How to Learn It:

Our Software Testing Training introduces manual and automated testing tools such as Selenium and JIRA so you will be able to detect issues, improve user experience, and ensure reliable software.

3. Graphic Design and Visual Communication

Visual designers house an entire world of digital communications-from social media posts through website banners and branding. Therefore, companies need professionals to create some visual stories to lure in the audience and keep them engaged.

How to Learn It:

 The Graphic Designing Course at DIT Academy covers Photoshop, Illustrator, Canva, CorelDRAW, and design principles, working on live projects to help develop a strong design portfolio.

4. Web Designing and Front-End Skills

Every business needs a website, and every website needs a designer. The basics nowadays for web designers are HTML, CSS, JavaScript, responsive layout, and UX principles.

How to Learn It:

 Our Web Designing Course instructs students on creating beautiful, user-friendly websites and on working with modern tools, designing layouts, and optimizing such sites for all devices.

5. Web Development and Full Stack Skills

It is true that web development is considered the cradle of IT and the way out of it-the one that unavoidably, by daylight and moonlight, means livelihood to the large. Developers able to pick between front-end and back-end skills, capable of producing engineering implementations for interactive websites, and applications.

How to Learn It:

 Subscribe to the Web Development Course to learn technologies such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, MySQL, React, and more. This is for all types of web development activities: building eCommerce platforms, custom web applications, or anything else.

6. Python Programming

Python is the language for all web development, automation, AI, and data analytics. Its appeal lies in its accessibility for the beginner but also the ability to tackle huge projects.

How to Learn It:

Our Python Development Course ensures you get all the information on advanced Python concepts. You will learn scripting, OOPs, frameworks like Django, and also experience working live on projects which makes the concept more real for you.

Why These Skills Matter

With the technology sector more in flux than ever before, the new ICT jobs are created and new skills required of the workforce. Employers these days don't merely seek degrees; they seek candidates with practical skills, certifications, and problem-solving abilities. Skills such as these are the driving force behind today's digital economy: be it designing a brand identity, developing a dynamic website, or even launching a digital ad campaign.

[jobskenyaplace]

VARIOUS TENDER NOTICE JUNE 2024 - GDC

GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT COMPANY LIMITED TENDER JUNE 2024  TENDER NOTICE The Geothermal Development Company Limited (GDC) invites sealed tenders from eligible candidates for the following: GDC/DO/OT/077/ 2024-2025 Tender for Supply and Delivery of Bulk Drilling Cement through Framework Contract (Re-Tender) Local Firms (National) Kshs. 300,000.00 16.07.2025 at 11.00am GDC/ICT/OT/078/…

[jooblognews-blog]

VARIOUS TENDER NOTICE JUNE 2024 - GDC

GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT COMPANY LIMITED TENDER JUNE 2024  TENDER NOTICE The Geothermal Development Company Limited (GDC) invites sealed tenders from eligible candidates for the following: GDC/DO/OT/077/ 2024-2025 Tender for Supply and Delivery of Bulk Drilling Cement through Framework Contract (Re-Tender) Local Firms (National) Kshs. 300,000.00 16.07.2025 at 11.00am GDC/ICT/OT/078/…

[marketingjet]

Empowering the Future: Skill Development in the Information Sector of Bangladesh

💻 Empowering the Future: Skill Development in the Information Sector of Bangladesh

Driven by the National Skills Development Authority (NSDA)

🟢 Introduction

In the age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the Information Sector has become a powerful force behind economic transformation, innovation, and employment generation. Recognizing the rising demand for a digitally skilled workforce, Bangladesh has placed significant focus on equipping its citizens—especially youth—with ICT-related competencies.

The National Skills Development Authority (NSDA), operating under the Prime Minister’s Office, plays a leading role in shaping national skill-building strategies. Among its 18 priority sectors, the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector stands out as a cornerstone for a smarter, tech-driven economy.

📊 Why the Information Sector Matters in Bangladesh

The ICT sector contributes significantly to:

Job Creation: Through freelancing, software development, call centers, and IT-enabled services.

Export Revenue: Bangladesh earns over $1 billion annually from ICT exports, with goals to reach $5 billion by 2025.

Global Integration: A digitally skilled workforce helps Bangladesh compete in international markets.

Youth Empowerment: ICT provides career paths for millions, even in rural areas, via remote and freelance opportunities.

🏛 NSDA's Role in Developing ICT Skills

The National Skills Development Authority coordinates policy, planning, and execution of training programs across the country. In the ICT sector, NSDA focuses on:

1. Policy & Frameworks

Develops national standards under the Bangladesh National Qualifications Framework (BNQF).

Approves training curricula in ICT sub-sectors like:

Graphic Design

Web Development

Data Entry & Office Applications

Digital Marketing

Programming (Python, Java, etc.)

Network Administration

2. Institutional Accreditation

NSDA certifies vocational and technical institutes that offer ICT training.

Ensures quality control, trainer certification, and assessment compliance.

3. Industry Skill Councils (ISC)

The ICT Industry Skill Council bridges the gap between training and employment.

Collaborates with tech companies to align training with market needs.

Participates in curriculum design, job profiling, and internship development.

🧑‍🏫 Training & Capacity Building Programs

NSDA, in partnership with private and public institutions, supports ICT training through:

✅ Training of Trainers (ToT)

Develops expert ICT instructors with modern teaching methods and digital tools.

✅ Competency-Based Training & Assessment (CBT&A)

Ensures that trainees acquire practical, industry-standard skills.

Offers nationally recognized certifications.

✅ Youth Engagement Programs

NSDA runs ICT awareness campaigns at universities, colleges, and rural centers.

Encourages youth to join freelancing platforms and online job markets.

✅ Skill Competitions

Organizes National Skills Competitions in ICT to identify and reward top talents.

Winners represent Bangladesh in international events like WorldSkills.

🌐 Digital Services and E-Governance Tools

To enhance transparency and outreach, NSDA has launched several digital platforms:

National Skills Portal: Offers online registration, training material, manuals, and certification access.

E-Application for Accreditation: Institutes can apply for recognition through the official portal.

Assessor Registration System: Professionals can apply to become certified assessors in ICT fields.

🤝 Partnerships & Collaborations

NSDA works in collaboration with:

Universities: e.g., University of Dhaka, Jahangirnagar University for research and skill integration.

Development Agencies: Like ILO, UNDP, and CICan (Canada) to promote ICT education.

Private Tech Firms: For job placement, internship, and real-world project exposure.

📈 Success Indicators

Over 650,000 youths trained under various ICT initiatives (including SEIP, BTEB, and others).

Thousands of freelancers earning from platforms like Upwork, Fiverr, and Freelancer.com.

Increased female participation in tech through targeted training.

Bangladesh recognized globally as a top destination for outsourcing and freelancing.

🚧 Challenges in the ICT Skill Sector

Despite progress, there are some challenges:

Limited high-quality trainers in rural areas

Digital infrastructure gaps

Mismatch between training and job market requirements

Inadequate soft skills (e.g., English communication, critical thinking)

🛠 Recommended Solutions

Expand ICT training to all districts through mobile labs and e-learning.

Upgrade curriculum every 6–12 months to match global trends.

Train master trainers and introduce blended (online/offline) learning models.

Provide job placement services and career counseling for ICT graduates.

✅ Conclusion

The Information Sector is not just about coding or IT—it’s a pathway to transform lives, empower youth, and modernize the national economy. Through the tireless efforts of the National Skills Development Authority, Bangladesh is investing in a future-ready generation that can thrive in the global digital marketplace.

From national frameworks to local training centers, NSDA is building the foundation of a smart, skilled, and sustainable Bangladesh—one tech-savvy individual at a time.

[shahelasharmin]

NSDA – National Skills Development Authority (Bangladesh)

The National Skills Development Authority (NSDA) is a government body under the Prime Minister’s Office in Bangladesh. Its primary role is to coordinate and regulate all skills development activities across the country, including both technical and vocational education.

Objectives of NSDA:

Develop a skilled workforce aligned with national and global job market needs.

Standardize training and certification through the National Technical and Vocational Qualification Framework (NTVQF).

Oversee training institutes and ensure quality assurance.

Promote public-private partnerships in skills training, including in ICT and digital sectors.

[pcbdesignbrisbane]

Precision Solutions for Defence and Aerospace Electronics

In the high-stakes sectors of defence and aerospace, reliability, performance, and precision are non-negotiable. Whether it's mission-critical communications equipment, avionics systems, or advanced sensor technologies, the quality of electronic manufacturing plays a pivotal role in national security, flight safety, and technological superiority. This is where defence and aerospace electronic manufacturing becomes an essential pillar of innovation and resilience—and where trusted providers like Masters & Young excel.

With decades of proven expertise, Masters & Young specialises in delivering cutting-edge technology and precision-engineered solutions tailored to meet the exacting standards of the defence and aerospace industries. Our commitment to innovation, quality, and compliance ensures that every component we manufacture performs flawlessly, even under the most extreme conditions.

Why Defence and Aerospace Require Specialised Electronic Manufacturing

The demands of defence and aerospace electronic manufacturing far exceed those of consumer or general industrial electronics. The equipment must operate in highly controlled and often hostile environments—extreme temperatures, high G-forces, electromagnetic interference, and more. Components must not only perform consistently but also adhere to strict regulatory frameworks and certifications such as ISO 9001, AS9100, and IPC standards.

Critical applications in these sectors include:

Military communication systems

Guidance and navigation electronics

Radar and surveillance systems

Flight control modules

Electronic warfare and cybersecurity infrastructure

Satellite and space-based electronics

Given the complexity and importance of these applications, manufacturers must employ robust quality control, advanced testing methodologies, and skilled engineering expertise to deliver compliant, high-performance products.

Masters & Young: Leading the Way in Defence and Aerospace Solutions

At Masters & Young, our reputation is built on decades of consistent delivery, technical innovation, and deep understanding of the unique requirements of defence and aerospace projects. We provide end-to-end electronic manufacturing services (EMS), from design consultation and prototyping to production, testing, and compliance certification.

Our core strengths include:

Precision Engineering: Every circuit board and electronic assembly is crafted with attention to detail and adherence to tight tolerances, ensuring optimal function and longevity.

Advanced Manufacturing Capabilities: Our facilities are equipped with the latest surface mount technology (SMT), automated optical inspection (AOI), and X-ray inspection tools to ensure the highest manufacturing quality.

Custom Solutions: We understand that each defence or aerospace application is unique. That’s why we offer tailored solutions that align with specific client objectives, environmental demands, and operational protocols.

Compliance & Certification: Masters & Young operates within stringent defence and aerospace manufacturing frameworks, offering full traceability, secure documentation, and compliance with relevant industry standards.

The Importance of Reliability in Defence and Aerospace Electronics

When it comes to defence and aerospace electronic manufacturing, there is no room for error. System failures can lead to mission compromise, loss of critical assets, or even loss of life. That’s why our engineering and production teams follow a rigorous quality management system that includes:

In-depth testing and validation protocols

Environmental stress screening (ESS)

Functional and in-circuit testing (ICT)

EMI/EMC testing for compliance

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)

These practices ensure that each product not only meets but exceeds performance benchmarks and reliability expectations.

Collaborating with Defence and Aerospace Industry Leaders

Masters & Young has long-standing partnerships with government agencies, defence contractors, and aerospace innovators. Our proven track record of supporting classified and non-classified projects has positioned us as a preferred supplier for high-performance, mission-critical electronics across Australia and beyond.

Whether it’s upgrading radar systems, developing electronic control units (ECUs), or manufacturing embedded systems for aircraft and defence vehicles, we deliver solutions that push boundaries while maintaining the utmost quality and security.

Final Thoughts

The future of national defence and aerospace innovation hinges on the strength of its technology—and that begins with superior electronic manufacturing. At Masters & Young, we take pride in being at the forefront of this crucial sector, offering reliable, precise, and compliant defence and aerospace electronic manufacturing solutions.

If you’re seeking a partner who understands the stakes and delivers with unmatched expertise, trust Masters & Young to meet your requirements with precision, integrity, and innovation.

[firmwaredevelopers]

Precision Solutions for Defence and Aerospace Electronics

In the high-stakes sectors of defence and aerospace, reliability, performance, and precision are non-negotiable. Whether it's mission-critical communications equipment, avionics systems, or advanced sensor technologies, the quality of electronic manufacturing plays a pivotal role in national security, flight safety, and technological superiority. This is where defence and aerospace electronic manufacturing becomes an essential pillar of innovation and resilience—and where trusted providers like Masters & Young excel.

With decades of proven expertise, Masters & Young specialises in delivering cutting-edge technology and precision-engineered solutions tailored to meet the exacting standards of the defence and aerospace industries. Our commitment to innovation, quality, and compliance ensures that every component we manufacture performs flawlessly, even under the most extreme conditions.

Why Defence and Aerospace Require Specialised Electronic Manufacturing

The demands of defence and aerospace electronic manufacturing far exceed those of consumer or general industrial electronics. The equipment must operate in highly controlled and often hostile environments—extreme temperatures, high G-forces, electromagnetic interference, and more. Components must not only perform consistently but also adhere to strict regulatory frameworks and certifications such as ISO 9001, AS9100, and IPC standards.

Critical applications in these sectors include:

Military communication systems

Guidance and navigation electronics

Radar and surveillance systems

Flight control modules

Electronic warfare and cybersecurity infrastructure

Satellite and space-based electronics

Given the complexity and importance of these applications, manufacturers must employ robust quality control, advanced testing methodologies, and skilled engineering expertise to deliver compliant, high-performance products.

Masters & Young: Leading the Way in Defence and Aerospace Solutions

At Masters & Young, our reputation is built on decades of consistent delivery, technical innovation, and deep understanding of the unique requirements of defence and aerospace projects. We provide end-to-end electronic manufacturing services (EMS), from design consultation and prototyping to production, testing, and compliance certification.

Our core strengths include:

Precision Engineering: Every circuit board and electronic assembly is crafted with attention to detail and adherence to tight tolerances, ensuring optimal function and longevity.

Advanced Manufacturing Capabilities: Our facilities are equipped with the latest surface mount technology (SMT), automated optical inspection (AOI), and X-ray inspection tools to ensure the highest manufacturing quality.

Custom Solutions: We understand that each defence or aerospace application is unique. That’s why we offer tailored solutions that align with specific client objectives, environmental demands, and operational protocols.

Compliance & Certification: Masters & Young operates within stringent defence and aerospace manufacturing frameworks, offering full traceability, secure documentation, and compliance with relevant industry standards.

The Importance of Reliability in Defence and Aerospace Electronics

When it comes to defence and aerospace electronic manufacturing, there is no room for error. System failures can lead to mission compromise, loss of critical assets, or even loss of life. That’s why our engineering and production teams follow a rigorous quality management system that includes:

In-depth testing and validation protocols

Environmental stress screening (ESS)

Functional and in-circuit testing (ICT)

EMI/EMC testing for compliance

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)

These practices ensure that each product not only meets but exceeds performance benchmarks and reliability expectations.

Collaborating with Defence and Aerospace Industry Leaders

Masters & Young has long-standing partnerships with government agencies, defence contractors, and aerospace innovators. Our proven track record of supporting classified and non-classified projects has positioned us as a preferred supplier for high-performance, mission-critical electronics across Australia and beyond.

Whether it’s upgrading radar systems, developing electronic control units (ECUs), or manufacturing embedded systems for aircraft and defence vehicles, we deliver solutions that push boundaries while maintaining the utmost quality and security.

Final Thoughts

The future of national defence and aerospace innovation hinges on the strength of its technology—and that begins with superior electronic manufacturing. At Masters & Young, we take pride in being at the forefront of this crucial sector, offering reliable, precise, and compliant defence and aerospace electronic manufacturing solutions. If you’re seeking a partner who understands the stakes and delivers with unmatched expertise, trust Masters & Young to meet your requirements with precision, integrity, and innovation.

[firmwaredevelopment]

Precision Solutions for Defence and Aerospace Electronics

In the high-stakes sectors of defence and aerospace, reliability, performance, and precision are non-negotiable. Whether it's mission-critical communications equipment, avionics systems, or advanced sensor technologies, the quality of electronic manufacturing plays a pivotal role in national security, flight safety, and technological superiority. This is where defence and aerospace electronic manufacturing becomes an essential pillar of innovation and resilience—and where trusted providers like Masters & Young excel.

With decades of proven expertise, Masters & Young specialises in delivering cutting-edge technology and precision-engineered solutions tailored to meet the exacting standards of the defence and aerospace industries. Our commitment to innovation, quality, and compliance ensures that every component we manufacture performs flawlessly, even under the most extreme conditions.

Why Defence and Aerospace Require Specialised Electronic Manufacturing

The demands of defence and aerospace electronic manufacturing far exceed those of consumer or general industrial electronics. The equipment must operate in highly controlled and often hostile environments—extreme temperatures, high G-forces, electromagnetic interference, and more. Components must not only perform consistently but also adhere to strict regulatory frameworks and certifications such as ISO 9001, AS9100, and IPC standards.

Critical applications in these sectors include:

Military communication systems

Guidance and navigation electronics

Radar and surveillance systems

Flight control modules

Electronic warfare and cybersecurity infrastructure

Satellite and space-based electronics

Given the complexity and importance of these applications, manufacturers must employ robust quality control, advanced testing methodologies, and skilled engineering expertise to deliver compliant, high-performance products.

Masters & Young: Leading the Way in Defence and Aerospace Solutions

At Masters & Young, our reputation is built on decades of consistent delivery, technical innovation, and deep understanding of the unique requirements of defence and aerospace projects. We provide end-to-end electronic manufacturing services (EMS), from design consultation and prototyping to production, testing, and compliance certification.

Our core strengths include:

Precision Engineering: Every circuit board and electronic assembly is crafted with attention to detail and adherence to tight tolerances, ensuring optimal function and longevity.

Advanced Manufacturing Capabilities: Our facilities are equipped with the latest surface mount technology (SMT), automated optical inspection (AOI), and X-ray inspection tools to ensure the highest manufacturing quality.

Custom Solutions: We understand that each defence or aerospace application is unique. That’s why we offer tailored solutions that align with specific client objectives, environmental demands, and operational protocols.

Compliance & Certification: Masters & Young operates within stringent defence and aerospace manufacturing frameworks, offering full traceability, secure documentation, and compliance with relevant industry standards.

The Importance of Reliability in Defence and Aerospace Electronics

When it comes to defence and aerospace electronic manufacturing, there is no room for error. System failures can lead to mission compromise, loss of critical assets, or even loss of life. That’s why our engineering and production teams follow a rigorous quality management system that includes:

In-depth testing and validation protocols

Environmental stress screening (ESS)

Functional and in-circuit testing (ICT)

EMI/EMC testing for compliance

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)

These practices ensure that each product not only meets but exceeds performance benchmarks and reliability expectations.

Collaborating with Defence and Aerospace Industry Leaders

Masters & Young has long-standing partnerships with government agencies, defence contractors, and aerospace innovators. Our proven track record of supporting classified and non-classified projects has positioned us as a preferred supplier for high-performance, mission-critical electronics across Australia and beyond.

Whether it’s upgrading radar systems, developing electronic control units (ECUs), or manufacturing embedded systems for aircraft and defence vehicles, we deliver solutions that push boundaries while maintaining the utmost quality and security.

Final Thoughts

The future of national defence and aerospace innovation hinges on the strength of its technology—and that begins with superior electronic manufacturing. At Masters & Young, we take pride in being at the forefront of this crucial sector, offering reliable, precise, and compliant defence and aerospace electronic manufacturing solutions.

If you’re seeking a partner who understands the stakes and delivers with unmatched expertise, trust Masters & Young to meet your requirements with precision, integrity, and innovation.